Chapter XII: The Harvest of Sea Power

The bombardment of Durazzo, mentioned in the last chapter, took place on October 2, 1918, and was the last offensive operation, on a large scale, undertaken by the Allied navies. During the fortnight preceding it, there had fallen to the Entente armies, in every theatre of war, such a series of victories as had never been witnessed in the recorded history of mankind. To the sea-borne and sea-fed armies in the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria had been the first of Germany's allies to make unconditional surrender; before the sea-borne and sea-fed armies in Syria--brought thither from Great Britain, from India, from Australia, and New Zealand--the last of Turkey's military power had melted like snow in summer; while, upon the Western Front, from the Flanders coast to the forest of the Woeuvre, the sea-borne and sea-fed British and American armies with their sea-equipped French comrades were surging forward, under Marshal Foch, in an irresistible tide.

The end was now apparent, though, at the last, it was to come with startling suddenness. Little by little, for fifty-two months, scarcely realized by the majority of their peoples, hardly realized even by the outside world, the Central Empires had been dying {284} of sea-hunger. Deprived, like prisoners in a closed chamber, of the oxygen necessary for life--the economic oxygen that could alone be drawn from the free oceans of the world, they had come to a point where the only choice lay between surrender and extinction. Defeated at Jutland so decisively that, as their leaders well knew, those sea-windows could never be opened by the efforts of their surface ships, their campaign under water had failed with equal completeness. Beneath the Dover Barrage, the North Sea minefields, and the Straits of Otranto lay their dead submarines. Trapped by _Q_ ships, rammed by destroyers, sunk by armed merchantmen, they had lost scores of others--more than two hundred in all had been put out of action by the Allied navies--while the spirit of admiralty that they had challenged, and the fringe of whose code they had been unable to grasp, had so ordered the ways of the world's free peoples that, even on land, they were reeling before them.

With that picture we might well close, since our thesis was but to show that, from Alfred the Great to Nelson, our dead admirals lived in their children. But the material harvest was still to be gathered, though the spiritual was already secure; and, in the reception by Vice-Admiral Gough-Calthorpe of the first Turkish Emissaries, in the landing at Ostend of Sir Roger Keyes, and in the figure of the First Sea Lord, Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, standing by Marshal Foch to receive the German delegates, there could be no mistaking, even by the blindest landsman, of all that an inspired sea-power had wrought. "But our {285} navy is undefeated," complained one of the German officers, listening to the terms of the armistice. "It had only to come out, sir," replied Admiral Wemyss; and worse than defeat lay in that reproach.

Fourteen clauses contained the naval conditions to be fulfilled under the terms of the armistice; and the total effect of these was to make it impossible for the war at sea to be renewed. All naval and mercantile marine prisoners were at once to be restored without reciprocity; all submarines in certain specified ports, capable of putting to sea, were to be handed over; six battle-cruisers, ten battleships, eight light cruisers, two mine-layers, and fifty destroyers were to be similarly yielded; and all other surface warships were to be paid off and completely disarmed. All mine-fields laid by Germany outside German territorial waters were to be indicated, and the Allies were to have the right of sweeping them up. Freedom of access to the Baltic, both to the Allied navies and their mercantile marines, was to be granted; but the blockade was to be continued, though the provisioning of Germany, if this should prove necessary, was contemplated. All naval aircraft were to be concentrated and immobilized at certain specified German bases. All merchant ships, tugs, lighters, cranes, and all marine stores in the Belgian ports were to be abandoned. The Black Sea ports were to be evacuated; and all the seized Russian warships were to be handed over to the Allies. All Allied merchant ships in German hands were to be restored in specified ports without reciprocity. There was to be no destruction of ships or material prior to evacuation, {286} surrender, or restoration. The German Government was further to notify all neutral nations that any restrictions imposed by it on their trading vessels, whether in return for concessions made or not, were immediately cancelled; and, after the signature, there were to be no transfers of German merchant shipping to any neutral flag. The naval terms presented to Austria-Hungary had been of a similar nature.

That was on November 11th, and already, in the east, the last act of the drama had begun. On November 9th, there drew in shore, opposite V beach on the Gallipoli Peninsula, a large transport and an old cruiser laden with British troops. Behind them, in the Straits, there plied industriously a great fleet of drifters and mine-sweepers, no longer under fire, and clearing a way through the minefields for the fleet that was to occupy the Sea of Marmora. Before them, a gray bulk, lay the _River Clyde_, beached as before and alone with her memories, and, on the hill above, stood a little group of Turkish artillerymen waiting to yield up the guns of Cape Helles. From these two transports, there presently put to shore, one on the Asiatic side, and one on V beach, two flat-bottomed barges each carrying 500 men. Such, without pomp, and almost in silence, was the second landing on Gallipoli Peninsula.

The next day, followed by the French destroyer _Mangini_, the youngest destroyer in the British navy--_le roi est mort, vive le roi_, the _Shark_ had been lost at Jutland; this was the new one--anchored, the symbol of victory, off Constantinople; and, on November 13th, the British and French Fleets, led by {287} the flagship _Superb_, steamed to their anchorage. _Superb_, _Téméraire_, _Lord Nelson_, and _Agamemnon_--half the world's history lay in their names--they were followed by the cruisers and destroyer-flotillas of the British fleet of occupation. Behind them came a French squadron, followed in its turn by the Italian and Greek warships, the bulk of the fleets remaining in the Sea of Marmora, and only certain units entering the Bosphorus. The _Superb_ and _Téméraire_ anchored near the European shore, facing the Sultan's Palace and the Chamber of Deputies; astern of them lay the French, and, behind these again, the Italian and the Greek men-of-war. Every precaution against treachery had been taken, but this proved to be unnecessary; and, within the next two or three weeks, the whole of the Turkish Fleet and the battle-cruiser _Goeben_ had been formally surrendered. With them, unseen, but none the less present, the German empire of the East had given up its sceptre.

Meanwhile, in the North Sea, two thousand miles away, more than that had laid down its arms; and there had begun off Harwich, on Wednesday, November 20th, the delivery into our hands of the German submarines. Conceived in sin, these had been foul from the beginning--they had never even been built but as instruments of murder--and it was perhaps fitting that they should be the first of the German Fleet to be handed over. Nor had any admiral earned a better right to receive them than Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt. Leaving by moonlight at 5 o'clock in the morning in his flagship the _Curacoa,_ followed by the light cruisers _Dragon_, _Centaur_, _Coventry_, _Danæ_, {288} and an escort of destroyers, the leading German submarines were encountered at the appointed rendezvous soon after seven. This was at a spot thirty-five miles east of Harwich, all the British crews being at Action Stations, and the German submarines accompanied by two transports that were to take their crews back to Germany.

The first of these to appear through the mist was the ex-hospital ship _Sierra Ventana_ followed by the _Titania_, succeeded in her turn by the long single file of the first detachment of twenty submarines. While Admiral Tyrwhitt advanced toward the end of the line, the cruiser _Dragon_ was detached to lead the procession inshore, a couple of airships and three sea-planes passing and repassing overhead.

The next rendezvous was to be near Cutler's Buoy, some eight miles out of Harwich, where, from British destroyers, the crews were to be embarked that would take the submarines into harbour. These were met at about half-past ten, and there then ensued a scene of humiliation such as no great Power had ever passed through since men first went down to the sea in ships. Those of the Germans that were necessary to run the engines were to be retained at their posts, but the navigating crews for the twenty submarines were waiting in the _Melampus_ and _Firedrake_. Strict orders had been issued that there were to be no demonstrations; and indeed it was rather with contempt--perhaps with a sort of amazed half-pity--that the British sailors took up their duties.

In each case the process was the same. The British officer who was to take command saluted as he {289} stepped aboard. The German officer, with his papers ready, met him, and handed these over for inspection. The German crew was then sent forward. The British navigating officer occupied the conning-tower, and the engineer-officer went below to superintend the working of the German engine-room ratings. Leaving the transports behind, and accompanied by destroyers, the twenty _U_ boats, in groups of five, then proceeded up the channel of the Stour, passing between the gate-ships of the buoyed steel nets. As each came to anchorage just off Parkeston Quay, she was met by a motor-launch, into which her crew was disembarked; and these, amidst the silence of thousands of spectators, were conveyed to the destroyers that took them back to the transports. From beginning to end there was no demonstration of any kind; and none was to greet the remainder of the submarines--a hundred and twenty in all--that followed them. From shame to shame, blotting the seas, they passed without comment to their prison.

With equal truth that can be said of the procession that the next day was to witness, though here the note struck was one of a tragedy of which the surrendering _U_ boats had been incapable. For, in the mighty ships of the High Seas Fleet--travesties though they had become, as instruments of admiralty--there had been, as the British navy felt, at least the possibilities of an honourable end. Proudly built, they dated from an era in which the _U_ boat horror was still unimagined; and, in the hands of a Drake, could Germany have produced one, they might have postponed surrender and gone down in glory. Materially as {290} they had recovered, however, from their defeat at Jutland, from the moral reverse they had never looked up; and the disintegration had been completed by Germany's own submarine policy. Lacking a soul, the body had died; and, to many who witnessed that procession of corpses, there was a sense of almost personal indecency at presiding over such a ceremony.

It was a quarter to four in the morning of November 21st when the Grand Fleet began to get under way to form the two mighty and moving walls between which the Germans were to approach the Firth of Forth; and the advanced destroyer-flotillas and light cruisers had set out for the rendezvous the night before. For ten days the North Sea had been shrouded in a thick mist, but, as the sun rose, the clouds blew off, and the sea lay clear and white-feathered. Later, and at different places along the hundred miles or so occupied by the parallel lines of the Grand Fleet, the mists were to triumph again, but only half-heartedly, and with the sun soon re-asserting itself.

Six miles separated the two lines, and at half-past eight they went to Action Stations, the leading ships of the High Seas Fleet having been picked up an hour before by the easternmost British units. Directing the whole operation--directing, at that moment, the vastest fleet that this planet had seen--Admiral Beatty, in his flagship the _Queen Elizabeth_, had taken his position in the northern line, his second-in-command, Admiral Sir Charles Madden, leading the southern-line battleships in the _Revenge_. Guiding the {291} Germans, in the light cruiser _Cardiff_, was Rear-Admiral Alexander-Sinclair.

Of the promised total, one light cruiser, the _Köln_, had broken down and had had to turn back, and one destroyer had struck a mine, going to the bottom, though her crew had been rescued; but, behind the _Cardiff_, in a slow series, moved what had been the cream of the world's second navy. Led by the Battle-Cruiser Squadron, the _Hindenburg_, _Derfflinger_, _Seydlitz_, _Moltke_, and _von der Tann_, came the battleships _Friedrich der Grosse_, flying the German Rear-Admiral's flag, the _Bayern_, _Grosser Kürfürst_, _Kronprinz Wilhelm_, _Markgraf_, _Kaiserin_, _Konig Albreckt_, _Prinz Regent Luitpold_, and _Kaiser_. Behind these again steamed the six light cruisers, _Karlsrühe_, _Frankfurt_, _Emden_, _Nürnberg_, _Brummer_, and _Bremen_; and, bringing up the rear, steaming in five lines, and sandwiched between British escorts, were the remaining forty-nine destroyers of the fifty that had been demanded under the terms of the armistice.

So they steamed on, docile to every order, and, when the last of them had been deeply contained, Admiral Beatty gave the signal for the right-about-turn of the Grand Fleet. Surrounded on all sides, filthy, as was afterward to be discovered, and with their men abject and undisciplined, before they reached their anchorage near Inchkeith Island, Admiral Beatty had issued the following order: "The German flag is to be hauled down," he said, "at 3.57 to-day, and is not to be hoisted again without permission." That was at sunset; and, a moment after, Germany had ceased, even in name, to be a sea power.

{292}

So ends our chronicle, for, though there was still work to be done, the navy's long vigil was at an end. Far to the north, it was true, the converted merchantmen of the unsung Tenth Squadron still held to their task--still patiently examined, as month after month, in all kinds of weather, they had been stopping and examining, such innocent-seeming ships as, to their experienced eyes, might be blockade-runners. But the main task was over--the shouldering of the armies' burdens that had never ceased for one moment, the endless battle, with the world for its theatre, that it had waged for four and a quarter years. From President Wilson to the Sheriff of Mecca, it had been the good servant of all; and now, with its duty well and truly done, a certain quiet satisfaction might be permitted. There was no fear of this being too exuberant--as a corporate body, the navy was not that. It would rather rejoice in the general spirit of Admiral Tyrwhitt's advice to his men on Armistice Day. Exhorting them to be as cool in peace as they had been in war, and to return to their ships in good order, he concluded by informing them that, in the evening, an extra tot of rum would be served.

Let that be the excuse for a last word. We have been tempted to suggest that the war was won by sea power. We were wrong. It was won by sailors--equally of the mercantile marine as of the navy. From Coronel to Kiao-Chao, from Archangel to Cocos-Keeling, no less in Lieutenant D'Oyly Hughes, stumbling through a Turkish farmyard, than in Admiral Jellicoe at Whitehall, no less in Lieutenant Brown, trying to salve the _Wellington_, than in Sir {293} David Beatty directing the Grand Fleet, it was the men that triumphed, by virtue of the spirit in them, and the great traditions that they had inherited--to be handed on in turn, as it had been handed down to themselves by Raleigh and Blake, Collingwood and Nelson.

{297}

INDEX

_Abdiel_, 197
Ægean Sea, 108, 109, 129
_Agamemnon_, 122, 123, 127, 130, 287
Akaba, 107
Albemarle, 23
_Albion_, 123, 127, 130, 140, 147
_Alcester_, 198
Alexander-Sinclair, Commander E. S., 172, 191
Allardyce, Hon. W. L., 60
Allen, Captain, 78, 80, 81
Alleyne, Lieutenant Sir John, 248, 249
_Amethyst_, 27, 42, 140, 141
_Amphion_, 85
Andrews, Rear-Admiral Philip, 272
Anzac Cove, 137, 149
_Aquitania_, 261
Arbuthnot, Rear-Admiral Sir Robert, 186, 196
_Arethusa_, 22, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 90, 99
_Arkansas_, 270
_Ariadne_, 40
_Arizona_, 256
_Askold_, 107
Asquith, Right Hon. H. H., 11, 105, 116, 118, 134, 151
_Attack_, 98, 99
_Attentive_, 209
_Aurora_, 90, 91
_Aztec_, 252

_B-11_, 107, 152, 153, 154
_Bacchante_, 42, 137
Bacon, Vice-Admiral Sir R. H., 211, 212, 214, 230
_Baden_, 48, 64, 67, 83
Balfour, Right Hon., A. J., 19, 119, 202, 226
Bamford, Captain, 243
_Bankfield_, 49
_Barham_, 170, 173
Barker, Captain, 278
Bartolomé, Commodore, 115
_Bayern_, 291
Bayly, Vice-Admiral Sir Lewis, 260, 261
Beatty, Admiral Sir David, 6, 22, 23, 40, 41, 90, 91, 96, 98, 167,
170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 181, 184, 191, 193, 202, 250, 270,
290, 291, 293
_Belgian Prince_, 89
_Bellerophon_, 23
Benn, Commander Hamilton, M. P., 230, 245
Benson, Admiral, 258
_Berk-i-Satvet_, 107
Bethmann-Hollweg, Herr von, 9
Billyard-Leake, Lieutenant B., 227, 230, 238
Bingham, Commander, Hon. E. B. B., 179
_Birmingham_, 90, 194
_Birmingham_, U.S.S., 262
Bird, Captain F. G., 212
Birdwood, General, 125, 126, 133, 134
_Blücher_, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98
Blunt, Captain W. F, 34, 35
Bonham-Carter, Lieutenant S., 230, 238
Borkum Reef, 98
Boué de Lapéyère, Admiral, 101
Bourke, Lieutenant, 244, 249
_Bouvet_, 122, 127, 130, 132
Bradford, Lieutenant-Commander, 235
Brandt, Captain, 50
_Bremen_, 291
Brest, 261, 262
_Breslau_, 46, 100, 101, 102
_Brighton Queen_, 212
_Brilliant_, 227, 244, 247
_Bristol_, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 83
_Britannia_, 11, 17
Britton, Alfred, 37
Brock, Wing-Commander, 226, 237
Brock, Rear-Admiral, Osmond de B., 98, 170
_Broke_, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219
Brown, Lieutenant Fletcher W., 200, 269, 292
Bruges, 224
_Brummer_, 291
Buchanan, Sir George, 108
Burney, Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil, 170, 193
Bury, Engineer Lieutenant-Commander, 244, 248

_C-3_, 230
Callaghan, Admiral Sir George, 9, 10, 15, 16, 102
Campbell, Captain Gordon, 204, 205, 206
Campbell, Chief Artificer-Engineer, 240, 242
Campbell, Lieutenant Harold, 230, 239
Campbell, Rear-Admiral H. H., 42
_Canopus_, 50, 51, 53, 57, 61, 63, 65, 66
Carden, Vice-Admiral, 113, 114, 115, 117, 121, 122, 128
_Cardiff_, 291
_Carnarvon_, 62, 63, 67, 69, 72, 73, 76
Carpenter, Captain A. F. B., 230, 232, 233, 235, 239, 241, 243
Carroll, Engine-Room Artificer, N., 244
Carson, Right Hon., Sir Edward, 226
Cavanagh, Engine-Room Artificer, H., 244
_Centaur_, 287
Chanak, Fort, 127, 128, 130
Chappell, Petty-Officer Robert, 211
_Charlemagne_, 123, 127, 130
Chater, Captain, 232
_Chesapeake_, 216, 254
_Chester_, 183
Chichester, Captain, 257
Christian, Rear-Admiral A. H., 42
Churchill, Right Hon. Winston, 4, 8, 22, 105, 106, 108, 113, 114,
115, 116, 118, 119, 124, 125, 127, 128, 133
Cockburn, Acting Lieutenant G. L., 247
Collard, Commander, 143
Collins, Captain R., 230
Constantinople, 102, 106, 110, 111, 112, 116, 120, 120, 155,
150, 286
Corfu, 259, 263, 273
Cordner, Major, 232
_Cornwall_, 63, 65, 67, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79
_Cornwallis_, 122, 123, 140, 148
Cornwell, John Travers, 183
Coronel, 44, 50, 292
Coventry, 287
Cradock, Vice-Admiral Sir Christopher, 50, 53, 54, 55, 57, 62
_Cressy_, 42
Crewe, Marquis of, 105
Cromie, Captain Francis, 152, 162, 164, 165, 166
Crutchley, Lieutenant V. A. C., 248, 249
_Curacoa_, 287
Curtis, Captain Berwick, 197

_D-2_, 32
_D-8_, 32
_Daffodil_, 227, 230, 233, 235, 236, 239
D'Amade, General, 129
_Danæ_, 287
Daniels, Mr., 282
Dardanelles, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 119,
120, 126, 130, 132, 151, 152, 153, 155
Dardanos, Fort, 111, 126, 130, 131
Dartmouth, Royal Naval College, 11
Dean, Lieutenant Percy, 238, 243
_Defender_, 196
_Defence_, 186, 189
_Delaware_, 270
_Derfflinger_, 89, 90, 92, 172, 180, 291
De Robeck, Vice-Admiral Sir John M., 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 167
Dewey, Admiral, 195, 256, 257
Dimmock, A. B. E., 211
Dingle, Stoker Alfred, 240
Dixon, Midshipman Hugh, 131
Dogger Bank, 98, 99
Doughty-Wylie, Lieutenant-Colonel, 148
Douglas, Commander H. P., 231
_Dragon_, 287
Dreadnought, 20, 21
_Dresden_, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55
Drewry, Midshipman G. L., 146
Drummond, Lieutenant G. H., 248, 249
_Drummuir_, 68
_Dublin_, 140, 141
De Boulay, Sub-Lieutenant, 210
Duff, Rear-Admiral Alexander, 170
_Dunraven_, 204, 205, 206
Durazzo, 275, 276, 283

_E-4_, 32, 35
_E-5_, 32
_E-6_, _E-8_, 27, 82, 33
_E-7_, 32, 33
_E-9_, 32, 161
_E-11_, 155, 156, 157, 160
_E-14_, 157
_E-19_, 162, 164
Easter Island, 49
Eaton, Ensign, 281
Elliot, Lieutenant-Colonel Bertram, 230, 232
_Elsinore_, 49
_Emden_, 49, 90, 291
_Engadine_, 173
Enver Pasha, 135
_Erebus_, 231
Esmonde, Midshipman John, 71
_Euryalus_, 140, 142
Evans, Commander E. R., 216
Evan-Thomas, Rear-Admiral, 170, 180, 185, 188
_Excellent_, 17

_Falcon_, 210
_Falmouth_, 189
Favereau, Admiral, 210
_Fearless_, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 180
Felton, Mrs. Roy, 67
Finch, Sergeant, 235, 243
Firedrake, 27, 32, 33, 38, 288
Fisher, Lord, of Kilverstone, 17, 19, 61, 99, 104, 106, 114, 115,
116, 119, 124, 132, 134, 202
_Florida_, 271
Foch, Marshal, 283, 284
_Foresight_, 209
_Frankfurt_, 291
Frank, Lieutenant Ivan B., 227
_Frauenlob_, 198
_Friedrich der Grosse_, 291

Gaba Tepe, 136, 140, 141
_Galatea_, 172
Galvayne, Lieutenant, 280, 281
Gartside Tipping, Lieutenant-Commander H. T., 213
_Gaulois_, 122, 123, 127, 130, 131
Gaunt, Rear-Admiral Ernest, 170
Geddes, Sir Eric, 226
_General Crauford_, 231
Gibbs, Commander Valentine, 230, 236
Gibraltar, 68, 116, 262, 273
_Glasgow_, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68,
69, 70, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79
_Gloucester_, 101
_Gneisenau_, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 77, 122
Godsal, Commander, 244, 247, 248
_Goeben_, 46, 100, 101, 107, 289
Goeben, Fort, 225
_Goliath_, 140, 141
Goodenough, Commodore, 177
_Good Hope_, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 78
Goschen, Lord, 3
Goschen, Sir Edward, 9
Gough-Calthorpe, Vice-Admiral, 284
Grant, Captain, 227
_Great Heart_, 212
Grey, Viscount, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 22, 24, 105, 191
_Grosser Kürfürst_, 291
_Gutrune_, 162
Gyles, Midshipman, 218

Halahan, Captain, 232
Hall, Captain Reginald, 41
_Hamidieh_, 107
Hamilton, General Sir Ian, 127, 128, 132, 134, 149
Hardy, Lieutenant-Commander, 245
Harris, Engine-Room Artificer, H., 244
Harrison, Lieutenant E. C., 245
Haselfoot, Lieutenant-Commander, 231
Hawkins, Lieutenant, 235
_Healdton_, 252
_Hela_, 161
Helles, Cape, 111, 122, 136, 142, 154, 286
_Henri IV_, 132
_Hindenburg_, 291
Hoare, Lieutenant, 244
Hobson, Lieutenant, 223, 255
_Hogue_, 42
Holbrook, Lieutenant-Commander Norman, 152, 154, 155
_Holmwood_, 48
Hood, Rear-Admiral Hon. Horace A. L., 183, 184, 185, 196, 209, 210
Horn Reef, 32, 198
Horton, Commander Max, 152, 161
_Humber_, 209
Hughes, Lieutenant Guy D'Oyly, 152, 157, 160, 292
_Hyades_, 48

Imbros, 135, 149, 150, 155
_Implacable_, 132, 140, 141, 142
_Indefatigable_, 170, 173, 175, 198
_Indomitable_, 90, 93, 94, 96, 97, 193
_Inflexible_, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 122, 130, 131
Ingelson, Able Seaman, 218
_Intrepid_, 227, 230, 237, 238
_Intrepide_, 210
_Invincible_, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 183, 184
_Iphigenia_, 227, 230, 238
_Iris_, 227, 230, 235
_Iron Duke_, 5, 170, 173, 193, 202
_Irresistible_, 123, 130, 131

Jackson, Admiral Sir Henry, 115, 120, 134, 202
Jacobs, Able Seaman Levi, 145
Janvein, Lieutenant-Commander Ralph B., 148
Jellicoe, Viscount, of Scapa Flow, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 170, 171,
175, 180, 183, 185, 191, 192, 197, 201, 202, 226, 292
Jerram, Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas, 170
Johnston, Commodore C. D., 212
Jones, Commander Loftus, 190

_Kaiser_, 291
_Kaiserin_, 291
_Karlsrühe_, 49, 84, 291
_Kent_, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 82
Kephalos Bay, 149
Kephez Point, 111, 114, 130
Keyes, Lieutenant-Commander Adrian St. V., 141
Keyes, Vice-Admiral Sir Roger, 28, 33, 39, 42, 135, 226, 229,
231, 243, 244, 245, 284
Kiao-Chao, 45, 47, 292
Kitchener, Viscount, of Khartoum, 104, 105, 106, 108, 115, 116,
119, 125, 127, 133
_Kolberg_, 91
_Köln_, 40, 41
_König Albrecht_, 291
_Königin Luise_, 85
_Königsberg_, 84
_Kronprinz Wilhelm_, 84, 291
Kum Kale, 111, 122, 126, 136, 148

_Laconia_, 252
_Landrail_, 175
_Laurel_, 35, 36, 41, 42
Lawson, Captain R. N., 183
Leckie, Captain, 277, 278
_Leipzig_, 46, 47, 49, 52, 54, 55, 57, 68, 69, 75, 76, 77, 79
Leir, Commander E. W., 37
Lemnos, 121, 135, 149, 150
Leveson, Rear-Admiral Arthur, 170
_Leviathan_, 261
_Libertad_, 122
_Liberty_, 42
_Lion_, 6, 22, 33, 40, 41, 90, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 170, 172,
177, 180, 193, 196
Littleton, Lieutenant, 237
Lloyd George, Right Hon. David, 105
_London_, 137
Longmore, Wing-Commander, 212
_Lord Clive_, 231
_Lord Nelson_, 127, 130, 140, 145, 148, 287
_Lowestoft_, 90
Luce, Captain, 70, 74, 75, 78
_Lulfa_, 162
_Lurcher_, 27, 32, 33, 38. 42
_Lusitania_, 89, 251
_Lutzow_, 172, 180
_Lydiard_, 175
Lynes, Commodore Hubert, 230, 245

_Macedonia_, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 83
McKenzie, Able Seaman Albert E., 243
MacLachlan, Sub-Lieutenant, 248
Maaden, Vice-Admiral Sir Charles, 290
_Mainz_, 39, 40
Malleson, Midshipman W. St. A., 147
_Mangini_, 286
_Markgraf_, 291
_Marlborough_, 193, 198
Marmora, Sea of, 109, 112, 114, 128, 151, 155, 157, 286, 287
_Marshal Soult_, 231
_Mauretania_, 261
Maxwell, General Sir John, 126
Mayes, Sergeant, 81
Mayo, Admiral, 258
Meade, Captain the Hon. H., 95
_Melampus_, 288
Mellow, Commander W., 129
_Mersey_, 209
_Messudiyeh_, 107, 153
Metcalfe, Captain C. P., 131
_Meteor_, 95, 96
Meux, Admiral the Hon. Hedworth, 102
Milne, Rear-Admiral Sir Berkeley, 101, 102
_Minerva_, 107, 140
_Moltke_, 89, 90, 92, 172, 291
_Monmouth_, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58
_Moorsom_, 176
_Moresby_, 184
_Morris_, 176
Morto Bay, 136, 148
_Motor-Launch 282_, 239
Mudros, 135, 140, 149

Napier, Rear-Admiral, 184, 189
_Narborough_, 176
Nasmith, Lieutenant-Commander, 152, 155, 156, 157
Nelson, Captain C. P., 275
_Nerissa_, 176
_Nestor_, 176, 179, 198
_New York_, 256, 270
_New Zealand_, 90, 93, 94, 97, 170, 173, 186, 193
_Nevada_, 256
Niblack, Rear-Admiral, 263
_Nicator_, 176, 179
Nicholas, Grand Duke, 119
Nicomedia, 162
_Niger_, 3, 5
Noel, Quartermaster, 1st class, Robert Emanuel, 269
_Nomad_, 176, 179
_Nürnberg_, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 57, 64, 68, 69, 75, 76, 78, 79,
81, 82, 291

_Obdurate_, 176
_Ocean_, 127, 130, 131
_Oklahoma_, 256
Oliver, Vice-Admiral Sir Henry, 115
_Olympic_, 261
_Onslow_, 184, 196
Orkanieh, Fort, 111, 122
_Ortega_, 48
Osborne, Commander E. O., B.S., 228
Osborne, Seaman James, 269
Ostend, 201, 207, 211, 215, 222, 223, 224, 225, 231, 243, 246, 247, 250
_Otranto_, 50, 52, 53, 55
Otranto, Straits of, 101, 273, 284

Pakenham, Rear-Admiral W. C., 170
Papeete, 49
Peck, Commander Ambrose, 216
_Pelican_, 176
_Pennsylvania_, 256
Peploe, Lieutenant C. R., 36
_Pernambuco_, 162
Persius, Captain, 200
_Petard_, 176, 194
Peterson, Coxswain John A., 269
Peters, Lieutenant Frederick, 95
Phillpotts, Captain, 189
Poland, Lieutenant A. L., 246
_Pommern_, 198
Port Arthur, 113, 223
Port Stanley, 59, 60, 62, 63, 78, 82
Port William, 60, 61, 62, 63
_Prince Eugene_, 231
_Prince George_, 127, 130, 140
_Prince of Wales_, 137
_Princess Royal_, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 170, 177, 193
_Prinz Eitel Friedrich_, 84
_Prinz Regent Luitpold_, 291
_Prize_, 204, 206

_Queen_, 132, 137
_Queen Elizabeth_, 113, 116, 123, 127, 130, 131, 290
_Queen Mary_, 42, 170, 177, 178, 179, 198
Queenstown, 259, 200, 262, 273

Ramsgate Boarding Flotilla, 208
Reed, Petty Officer, 249
Reid, Lieutenant Darrel, 246
_Revenge_, 290
Reventlow, Count, 89
Rigg, Commander W., 212
_River Clyde_, 144, 145, 146, 147, 286
Robinson, Lieutenant-Commander E. G., 124
Rodman, Rear-Admiral Hugh, 270
Rose, Commander F., 36, 41

_S-126_, 161
_Sacramento_, 263
_St. George_, 23
Samson, G. McK., 147
_Sanda_, 212
Sanders, Lieutenant-Commander F., 236
Sandford, Lieutenant R. D., 230, 236, 243
_Santa Isabel_, 48, 64, 67, 83
San Stefano, Peace of, 111
Sapper's Hill, 63, 64, 65, 66
_Sapphire_, 140, 141
_Sappho_, 244, 246
Saros, Gulf of, 109, 127
S Beach, 136, 148
_Scharnhorst_, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 77, 122
Sedd-el-Bahr, 111, 122, 136, 144, 148
_Seneca_, U.S.S., 266, 268
_Severn_, 209
_Seydlitz_, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 172, 291
_Shannon_, 216, 254
_Shark_, 189, 286
_Sirius_, 227, 244, 247
Sneyd, Commander Ralph S., 230, 237
Soghandere, Fort, 111, 126, 130
_Southampton_, 90, 177, 180
Stirling, Captain A. J. B., 195
Stoddart, Rear-Admiral, 62
Sturdee, Vice-Admiral Sir F. Doveton, 61, 62, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73,
74, 82, 91, 167, 170, 183
_Suffren_, 122, 127, 130
_Superb_, 287
Sutton, Artificer-Engineer, 240
Suvla Bay, 149
_Swift_, 215, 216, 217, 219
_Swiftsure_, 130, 140

Talbot, 140, 141
Tatnall, Lieutenant Josiah, 257
Taylor, Coxswain William James, 269
Tekeh, Cape, 136, 142
Téméraire, 23, 287
Tenedos, 135
_Termagant_, 176
_Terror_, 231
_Texas_, 256, 270
_Thetis_, 227, 230, 237
Thomas, Engine-Room Artificer A., 244
Thursby, Rear-Admiral C. F., 137
_Tiger_, 90, 93, 94, 95, 170, 177, 179
_Tipperary_, 195
_Titania_, 288
_Toey-Wan_, 257
Tomkinson, Captain Wilfred, 231
_Tonopah_, 271
Townsend, Captain, 143
Tovey, Lieutenant-Commander J. C., 196
_Trelawney_, 63
_Triumph_, 122, 123, 130, 137
Troubridge, Rear-Admiral E. C. T., 101, 102
_Turbulent_, 176, 194, 198
Tyne, 167
Tyrwhitt, Vice-Admiral Sir Reginald, 22, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39,
90, 287, 288, 292

_Undaunted_, 90
_Undine_, 162, 163
Unwin, Commander Edward, 144, 146, 147

_V-187_, 37
_Valentino_, 68
_Valiant_, 170, 173
V Beach, 136, 141, 143, 148, 286
_Venerable_, 210
_Vengeance_, 123, 127, 130, 140
_Victoria and Albert_, 5, 6
_Vigilancia_, 252
_Vindictive_, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240,
243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249
_Vine Branch_, 49
_Von der Tann_, 89, 172, 291
Von Hipper, Admiral, 172, 173, 175, 180, 181
Von Sanders, General Liman, 135
Von Scheer, Admiral, 180, 181, 185
Von Spee, Admiral, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 62, 63,
65, 68, 72, 83, 84, 90

W Beach, 136, 140, 142, 144
Walker, Lieutenant H. T. C., 234
_Warrington_, 265, 266, 267, 269
_Warrior_, 187, 188, 189
_Warspite_, 170, 173, 187, 188, 189, 198
_Warwick_, 230, 239, 245, 249
Wanton, Lieutenant, 210
_Wear_, 131
Weller, Major, 234
_Wellington_, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 292
Wellman, Lieutenant A. E. P., 230, 246
Wemyss, Admiral Sir Rosslyn E., 129, 140, 284, 285
Westmacott, Lieutenant, 35
Whittaker, Private, 77
_Wiesbaden_, 198
Williams, Able Seaman, 147
Williams, Lieutenant-Colonel, 148
Wilson, Admiral Sir A., 104, 115, 116, 117, 124, 132, 134
Wilson, Rear-Admiral H. B., 262
Wilson, President Woodrow, 252, 292
Wintour, Captain, 195
Wise, Lieutenant E. S., 210
Woodfield, Petty-Officer, 218
_Wyoming_, 270

X Beach, 136, 141, 145

Y Beach, 136, 140, 141
_Yarmouth_, 189

Zeebrugge, 201, 207, 211, 215, 222, 223, 224, 227, 230, 231, 240,
244, 250

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS
GARDEN CITY, N. Y.