Chapter VI: Section IX

_Gradual Extension of the Kingdom
to the End of the Eleventh Century._

⭘ External and Internal Conflicts――Long Struggle against the
Norsemen――Reign of Constantine II., a Meeting on the Mote Hill
of Scone――Attempts to extend the Kingdom south-westward, and
northward――Malcolm I., Indulf annexed Edinburgh――A Contest
for the Throne――Reign of Kenneth II.――Constantine III.
and Macduff――Reign of Malcolm II.; Battle of Carham, and
annexation of Lothian; Death of Malcolm

⭘ King Duncan engaged in a struggle with the Chiefs of the
North; Duncan slain; Reign of Macbeth――King Duncan’s sons;
Siward’s Expedition against Macbeth unsuccessful――Macbeth
slain

⭘ Reign of Malcolm III. (Canmore); extent of his Kingdom――His
marriage with a Saxon Princess; her influence――Malcolm
invaded Northumberland――Meeting of William the Conqueror and
Malcolm III.――Death of the Conqueror――Malcolm again invaded
Northumberland; his death――A Contest for the Crown between
Donald Bane and Malcolm’s sons――Edgar placed on the Throne

SECTION X.

_State of Society from the Seventh Century
to the End of the Eleventh._

⭘ Early Forms of Tribal Organisation; Relation of the Tribal
Community to the Land; Causes of Social Changes; Origin of
Private Property in Land――Divisible Rights in Land; Tribal
Organisation in the Eleventh Century

⭘ Agriculture, Food, and Dwellings of the People――Trade, Markets

⭘ Crime and Punishment――Social Morality――Customs associated with
Marriage――Attempts to place the Institution of Marriage on a
proper footing――State of Religion

SECTION XI.

_Early Architecture. Sculptured Stones._

⭘ Local Area and Number of the Brochs――The form and
characteristics of the Brochs――Origin of the Brochs
――Indications of the Civilisation of the People who erected
and occupied the Brochs

⭘ Early Stone Churches――Round Towers of Brechin and Abernethy

⭘ Sculptured Stones: the Earliest Class; other Classes having
a Cross on them; the Earliest Class having only the peculiar
Symbols――probably of Pre-Christian origin――The Representations
on the Stones treated Historically

⭘ Characteristics of the Art of these Monuments――Associated with
the Art of the Illuminated Manuscripts; Elaborate Decoration
――Ethnic Relations of these Monuments

⭘ Inscribed Monuments: Ogham, Gaelic, debased Roman, and Runic

SECTION XII.

_Characteristics of Early Celtic Art.
Fragments of Early Literature._

⭘ Celtic Art as developed on Metal Work――Mirrors, Rings,
Brooches, Chains; Crosier of St. Fillan

⭘ Cummene’s Life of St. Columba――Adamnan, Abbot of Iona: his
Life of St. Columba; its characteristics――Other fragments of
Latin Writings――Earliest Specimen of Gaelic Writing

⭘ The Ferleiginn: the Monasteries as Schools――Legends, Stories,
and Rhymes common among the People――Conclusion of the
Introduction