Chapter XVII: Duelling in Italy

Enactments of Theoderic against Duelling.--Prevalence in
Cisalpine Gaul.--Duels to maintain the innocence of Women accused
of Adultery.--Edict of Luitprand.--Efforts of Charlemagne
to check Duelling.--The practice re-established by Otho the
Second.--Works on the science.--Duel between Charles d’Anjou
and the King of Arragon.--Between Charles the Third and Louis
the First.--Duelling at Naples.--Professors of La Scienza
Cavalleresca.--Military Order of St. George.--Disputes between
the Guelphs and Ghibelins.--Introduction of Seconds and
Witnesses.--Brantôme’s story of a Neapolitan Duellist--Celebrated
Italian Fencing-masters.--“The Hamstring-cut.”--“The
Vendetta.”--Scientific Assassinations.--Duel in the presence
of the Prince of Orange.--Duel by Torch-light before the Duke
Hercules d’Este.--Decree compelling Duellists to fight on the
Parapet of the Bridge of Turin.--Humbert the Second’s Reply to a
Challenge.--Extraordinary Duel in the town of Ostuni between the
Count de Conversano and the Prince of Francavilla.--Duel between
Crequi and Philippin, brother of the Duke of Savoy.--Tournament
between twelve Frenchmen and twelve Italians.--Beccaria’s
reasons for the frequency of Duelling in Italy.--Science of
Assassination.--Duelling at Malta.--Singular Duel at Valetta
between Signor Vasconcellos and M. de Foulquerre. 303

CHAPTER XVIII.

DUELLING IN SPAIN.

Rise of Duelling in Spain.--Combat between four Spanish
Knights and four Arabs of the tribe of Zegris.--Edict of
Charles the Fifth against Duelling.--The Santa Hermandada.--Loyola’s
Challenge to a Moor for denying the Divinity of
the Saviour.--Challenges to Bishops or Canons prohibited.--Duelling
punished in Portugal with Transportation.--Rarity
of Duelling in Portugal.--Bombastic Challenge sent by General
O’Donnel to the Christino Brigadier Lopez. 329

CHAPTER XIX.

DUELLING IN GERMANY AND THE NORTH OF EUROPE.

Duelling abolished in Iceland, after the fatal Meeting between
the Poets Gunnlang and Rafn.--Laws of Duelling in
Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.--Scandinavian Combats.--Anecdote
of Gustavus the Second.--Romantic Trial by Ordeal
in the Case of Maria of Aragon.--Edict of Frederick the
Second against Duelling.--Edicts issued in Bavaria and the
Austrian States.--Joseph the Second’s Sentiments on Duelling.--Anecdotes
of Charles the Twelfth.--Duels among German
Officers--and the Students at Jena.--A romantic Duel.--Madame
de Staël’s observations on duelling in Germany.--Russian
laws against Duelling.--Anecdotes.--Judicial Combats
in Poland.--Frequency of Duelling among the Exiled
Poles. 337

CHAPTER XX.

DUELLING IN BELGIUM AND HOLLAND.

Legend of the Abbey of Cambrai, and the duel between
Jean le Flamand and a Jew.--Celebrated combat at Valenciennes
in maintenance of an ancient franchise.--Duel between
Arnold d’Egmont and his son.--Between M. Rogier and M.
Gendebien.--Between M. Eenens and M. Pariset.--Order for
punishing duellists in the Belgian army 361

CHAPTER XXI.

DUELLING IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Frequency and reckless ferocity of duels in the United
States.--Endeavours in several States to check the practice.--First
notorious duel in America.--Challenge of Mr. Randolph,
a senator, by General Wilkinson.--Duel between Viscount de
Noailles and Alexandre de Tilly.--Between General Hamilton
and Colonel Burr.--Between Stephen Price and Captain Wilson.--Duelling
in the West Indies.--Duel in Jamaica between
M. d’Egville and Captain Stewart.--Between two planters.--Duelling
in Martinique.--Duels amongst people of colour 371

CHAPTER XXII.

DUELLING IN THE EAST 394

HISTORY OF DUELLING.