Chapter II: Preface

In compiling the 'History of the 51st (Highland) Division' I have been beset by various difficulties, which have contributed towards the long delay in its publication.

In the first place, it has been written in circumstances in which military duties have afforded little leisure for continuous effort; secondly, the work has been carried out in many places, most of them highly unsuitable for research, such as the desert of Sinai, native villages and the deserts of Lower Egypt, Jerusalem, Bir Salem, and at sea.

Not only had the difficulty of transporting from station to station the large mass of available material to be overcome, but also the conditions of life in huts and under canvas in an eastern climate are seldom conducive to clear and consecutive thinking.

Further, the material available has been unequal. Up to the conclusion of the battle of Arras, no completed narratives of the operations carried out by the Division were compiled. To this point, therefore, the only resources were the bald and rather incomplete entries in the official war diaries and personal diaries, which threw little light on the operations in their broader aspects.

From the third battle of Ypres onwards a detailed account of all engagements was published by Divisional Headquarters shortly after the conclusion of each operation. These have rendered the compiling of the 'History' from this point considerably less laborious, and have allowed it to be carried out in greater and more accurate detail.

It has been necessary, owing to the increased and increasing cost of production, to keep the size of this book within certain bounds, and to reduce as far as possible the number of maps. On this account there has been no alternative but to restrict the detail in which actions are described. It is regretted that in consequence much material which officers and men of the Division and their relatives have submitted, often at my request, has been necessarily omitted.

It was only thus that the book could be kept sufficiently reduced in size to prevent its price prohibiting the circulation desired.

The 'History' is now presented with every consciousness on the part of the author that full justice has not been done to its great subject. Indeed, it is doubtful if full justice can be done to the part played by the British Army in the Great War until a generation not intimately involved in it has arisen and has come to regard the burdens sustained for over four years by the British soldier in the true perspective.

My thanks are due to all those who have assisted me in the compilation of this work by the loan of diaries, maps, documents, &c., and in particular to Lieut.-General Sir G. M. Harper, K.C.B., D.S.O.; Major-General R. Bannatine-Allason, C.B.; Brigadier-General L. Oldfield, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O.; and Colonel Ian Stewart, C.M.G., D.S.O.

General Bannatine-Allason kindly wrote for me the first chapter, and spared himself no pains in assisting to procure for me information concerning the early days of the Division in France. Had it not been for him and Colonel Ian Stewart, information would have been so scanty that it is doubtful if the earlier chapters could have been written.

To Captain A. Scott, D.S.O., M.C., 7th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, late staff-captain 154th Infantry Brigade, I am particularly indebted. Captain Scott has kindly relieved me of the labour of reading through the proofs and of completing the final arrangements for the publication of this book, a labour which residence in the Near East would have made it difficult for me to perform.

Lastly, I am indebted to Mr James Blackwood, in no small degree, for taking upon himself, while I have been abroad, much of the burden of the preparation of this book for the Press, which would normally have fallen upon the author.

F. W. B.
HEADQUARTERS, 3RD (LAHORE) DIVISION,
BIR SALEM, PALESTINE.

CONTENTS.

CHAP. PAGE
I. MOBILISATION 1

II. ARRIVAL IN FRANCE--FESTUBERT 10

III. THE PERIOD OF APPRENTICESHIP 28

IV. TRAINING AND REORGANISATION--THE LABYRINTH. 51

V. THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME--HIGH WOOD 73

VI. ARMENTIÈRES AND HEBUTERNE 87

VII. THE BATTLE OF THE ANCRE--BEAUMONT HAMEL 100

VIII. COURCELETTE 127

IX. THE BATTLE OF ARRAS 138

X. THE BATTLE OF ARRAS (_Contd._)--ROEUX AND
THE CHEMICAL WORKS 160

XI. THE THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES 192

XII. POELCAPPELLE 216

XIII. THE BATTLE of CAMBRAI 233

XIV. THE GERMAN OFFENSIVE 263

XV. THE GERMAN OFFENSIVE (_Contd._)--THE BATTLE
OF THE LYS 296

XVI. WITH THE FRENCH IN CHAMPAGNE 321

XVII. THE CAPTURE OF GREENLAND HILL 356

XVIII. THE OPERATIONS TOWARDS VALENCIENNES 372

XIX. CONCLUSION 408

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PORTRAITS.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR G. M. HARPER,
K.C.B., D.S.O _Frontispiece_

MAJOR-GENERAL R. BANNATINE-ALLASON, C.B. _Facing p._ 46

T/MAJOR-GENERAL G. T. C. CARTER-CAMPBELL,
C.B., D.S.O. " 274

MAPS.

I. ATTACK NEAR FESTUBERT, 15TH JUNE
1915 " 18

II. HIGH WOOD, JULY 1916 " 74

III. BEAUMONT HAMEL, 13TH NOVEMBER
1916 " 114

IV. CAPTURE OF VIMY RIDGE, 9TH APRIL
1917 " 150

V. THE CHEMICAL WORKS, ROEUX " 162

VI. THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES: ADVANCE
TO THE STEENBEEK, 31ST JULY 1917 " 200

VII. POELCAPPELLE, 20TH SEPTEMBER 1917 " 222

VIII. THE BATTLE OF CAMBRAI: POSITION
AT 7 P.M., 21ST NOVEMBER 1917 " 252

IX. THE GERMAN OFFENSIVE: DISPOSITION
OF 51ST (HIGHLAND) DIVISION,
MORNING, 21ST MARCH 1918 " 274

X. THE GERMAN OFFENSIVE: POSITIONS
OF 51ST (HIGHLAND) DIVISION,
24-26TH MARCH 1918 " 292

XI. THE GERMAN OFFENSIVE. (THE BATTLE
OF THE RIVER LAWE): DISPOSITIONS
OF 51ST (HIGHLAND) DIVISION,
DAWN, 12TH APRIL 1918 " 310

XII. THE COUNTER-ATTACK IN CHAMPAGNE:
THE ADVANCE ON 27TH AND 28TH
JULY 1918 " 330

XIII. THE FINAL ADVANCE: DISPOSITIONS
OF 51ST (HIGHLAND) DIVISION,
5 P.M., 28TH OCTOBER 1918 " 402

The History of the 51st (Highland) Division.