Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: Succession of Postmasters-General From 1660 to 1836 (2)

Packets (steam), between Holyhe ad and Dublin, charges by, as compared
with sailing packets, 385;
number of passengers before the introduction of steam, 383 _note_;
and after, 385;
number of steam packets possessed by the Post Office in 1827, 399;
packet service thrown open to public competition, 417;
Irish steam packets, defective return to the House of Commons in the
matter of, 424

Pajot, director of the French posts, his obstinacy, 77;
his unreasonableness, 138

Palmer, John, his activity, 208;
general sketch of his plan, 209;
his plan is brought to the notice of Pitt, 212;
and is tried on the Bath road, 213;
extends his plan, 214;
induces Pitt to raise the rates of postage, 215;
alleges obstruction, 217;
alters the length of the stages, 219;
his plan is opposed by the merchants, 220;
opposition dies away, 227;
procures appointment of his nominees, 228;
conditions of his own appointment, 228;
his jealousy of Allen, 230;
expedites the morning delivery in London, and introduces an improved
method of business, 235;
imposes upon Walsingham in the matter of the King's coach, 251;
his treatment of official papers, 256;
pays an unexpected visit to Walsingham at Old Windsor, 258;
betrays his jealousy, 259;
establishes, but without the necessary authority, a newspaper office,
261;
and a mail guards' fund, 263;
is called to account by Walsingham, 263;
takes umbrage at a rebuke administered to his deputy, Bonnor, 265;
disobeys orders, 266;
becomes aggressive and defiant, 270;
and appeals to Pitt, 272;
is charged by Bonnor with promoting a public meeting antagonistic to
the postmasters-general, 275;
suspends Bonnor, 275;
is suspended himself, 276;
is dismissed, 279;
receives a pension and, later on, a Parliamentary grant, 280;
general result of his plan, 290 (299, 302, 353)

Palmerston, Henry John, Viscount, his humorous reply to Freeling, 380

Parkin, Anthony, solicitor to the Post Office, 333

Parnell, Sir Henry, 407

Pascoe, John, boatswain of the _Antelope_ packet, his gallant resistance
to the attack of a privateer, 322

Patterns and samples, letters containing, and being less than one ounce
in weight, whether to be charged single or double, 177;
question tried at law, 178;
settled by Act of Parliament, 179;
concessions in favour of, 315

Pay. _See_ Wages

Pelham, Henry, countermands Newcastle's orders about the packets, 173

Pennant, Thomas, 261

Penny post, its introduction by Dockwra, 36;
general plan of, 37;
carries up to one pound in weight, 37;
includes a system of insurance, 38;
days on which it does not go, 39;
increases number of country letters, 40;
is absorbed into the General Post Office, 40;
establishment of, in 1690, 45;
stimulates the clandestine conveyance of letters into London, 54;
on its acquisition by the State its general conditions remain
unchanged, 67;
number of penny post letters for the suburbs at the end of the
seventeenth century, 69;
its contemplated extension to Dublin in 1703, 69;
affects the number of ship letters, 73;
is without legal sanction, 119;
legal sanction given, 128;
its limits restricted to ten miles, 129;
the charge of a second penny on all letters delivered outside the bills
of mortality made legal, 143;
weight carried by the penny post reduced from one pound to four ounces,
188;
compensation for losses by the, when ceased to be given, 188 _note_;
attempts made by the Post Office to charge a second penny within the
bills of mortality, 203;
principal officers of the penny post absentees, 231;
stagnation of the penny post, 302;
the post is improved by Johnson, a letter-carrier, 302;
financial result, 305;
prepayment, hitherto optional, made compulsory, 306;
restriction on limits withdrawn, 307;
the charge of a second penny, heretofore confined to letters delivered
at places outside the bills of mortality, imposed upon letters
coming therefrom, 307;
the penny post converted into a twopenny post, 331;
and the twopenny post into a threepenny one, 340. _See_ twopenny and
threepenny posts

Penzance, its post before and after 1784, 291

Pepys, Samuel, 84 _note_

Perceval Spencer, 354, 379

Percival, Joseph, a passenger by packet without a pass, 89

Pickwick, "Mr. Pickwick's coach," 281

Pitt, William, his attention is called to Palmer's plan, 212;
sweeps away frivolous objections and desires that it may be tried, 213;
raises the postage rates, 215;
relaxes the restrictions upon franking, 217;
dismisses Tankerville, 224;
settles conditions of Palmer's appointment, 229;
his knowledge of abuses at the Post Office and his unwillingness to
expose them, 241;
suppresses report of Royal Commission, 242;
authorises increase of salary to the clerks of the roads, 251;
declares Palmer's proceedings to be irregular, 263;
turns a deaf ear to the postmaster-general's request for an interview,
273;
interview at length granted, 277;
a second interview, 279;
acquiesces in Palmer's dismissal and grants him a pension, 279;
makes to Post Office servants a periodical grant pending a revision of
the establishment, 300;
promotes plan for improving the penny post, 305;
disallows practice of charging returned letters, 308;
modifies arrangements for dealing with ship letters, 329;
his precepts in this matter afterwards disregarded, 361

Plymouth, salary of the postmaster in 1792, 293

_Political Register_, its criticisms on Post Office practice, 342

Pope, Alexander, his lines on Ralph Allen, 186

Portage, 29

Portland, William Henry, Duke of, 379

Portland Packet, Captain Taylor, its gallant action with privateer, 321

Postage, introduction of, 18;
settled by Act of Parliament, 27;
original meaning of term, 29 _note_;
rates of postage in 1635, 18;
in 1657 and 1660, 28;
in 1711, 127;
in 1765, 187;
in 1784, 216;
in 1797, 318;
in 1801, 331;
in 1805, 339;
in 1812, 356;
device resorted to in order to evade high rates of, 142;
rates lapse through effluxion of time, 180;
rates of postage between London and the Channel Islands and within the
islands themselves, 314;
from Portugal and America, 319;
financial result of increase of rates, 341;
bewildering complications, 357;
extraordinary toleration of the public, explanation suggested, 358;
an additional rate imposed in Scotland on withdrawal of exemption from
toll, 359;
and on letters passing over the Menai Straits or Conway Bridge, 395;
rates of postage to the East Indies in 1815, 363;
instances of exorbitant rates, 409

"Poste for the Pacquet," 5 _note_

Post-boys, 164

Post-coaches, 214

Post-haste, 20

Post-horn. _See_ Horn

Post-horses. _See_ Horses

Post-houses, to have horses in readiness, 4;
horses not to be let except at, 6;
pay of keepers of, in arrear, 15

Postilions, 107

Postmarks, introduction of, 38

Postmasters, their duties in 1690, 48;
their salaries, 50;
their grievances, 51;
their contingent advantages, 52;
intercept postage on bye-letters, 52, 53;
their correspondence exempt from postage, 160;
their moderation on the erection of milestones, 177;
are enjoined to frequent the local markets and report the price of
corn, 254;
salaries of certain postmasters in Scotland in 1707, 118;
in England in 1792, 293

Postmasters-General (I.) [Cotton and Frankland, 1690 to 1708], their
simple-mindedness, 45;
their accessibility, 46;
their concern about the illicit correspondence, 53;
their powerlessness to check it, 56;
let the posts out to farm, 58;
refuse to sublet the penny post, 69;
their difference with Pajot, minister of the French posts, 77;
remonstrate with captains of packets at Falmouth, 89;
and at Harwich, 91;
chuckle over the capture of a prize, 93;
their rebuke to the captain of a Falmouth packet, 94 _note_;
instance of their rough-and-ready justice, 95;
take vigorous measures to protect the packets from Flemish privateers,
101;
their admonition to the packet agent at Dover, 102;
act as purveyors of news to the Court, instances given, 104;
advocate cheap postage to America, 114;
become, at the Union with Scotland, responsible for the Scotch posts,
117;
their inaction, explanation suggested, 119;
action forced upon them, 120;
are contrasted with their successors, 185, 202

Postmasters-General (II.) [Frankland and Evelyn, 1708 to 1715], their
interview with Godolphin, 106;
their instruction about expresses from Dover, 107;
treat personally with Povey, 123;
Frankland ceases to be a member of Parliament, 128;
concern themselves only slightly about travellers, 130;
take measures to check the abuse of franking, 133;
in vain urge the appointment of surveyors, 134;
negotiate new treaty with France, 138;
quit office on accession of George the First, 139

Postmasters-General (III.) [Cornwallis and Craggs, 1715 to 1721], are
amazed at the absence of check in the Post Office, 140;
note how little the increase in the rates of postage has added to the
revenue, 141;
and how largely it has stimulated the abuse of franking, 142;
their dispute with the merchants, 142;
convict Lowndes of a ludicrous error, 145;
their harsh treatment of their secretary, 152

Postmasters-General (IV.) [Edward Carteret and Walpole, 1721 to 1725],
their kindness to subordinates, 152;
their interview with Abercorn, 154.
[From 1725 to 1733 Carteret had for his colleague Edward Harrison, and
from 1733 to 1739 Lord Lovell.]
Carteret establishes a post to Aylsham, 167

Postmasters-General (V.) [Henry Frederick, Lord Carteret and, for the
second time, Tankerville, 1784 to 1786], collect opinions on
Palmer's plan and submit them to Pitt, 213;
entertain doubts as to its feasibility, 218;
their differences between themselves, 221;
their open rupture, 223;
Tankerville is dismissed by Pitt, 224;
his ungovernable temper, 225

Postmasters-General (VI.) [Carteret and Walsingham, 1787 to 1789],
Walsingham's industry and thoroughness, 243;
questions Carteret's right to sign first, 243;
his preponderating influence, 244;
his habit of annotating and execrable handwriting, 244, 263;
reduces packet establishment at Falmouth, 246;
is dissuaded from carrying out a similar reduction at Holyhead, 248;
is powerless to control the correspondence by the Milford packets, 249;
in conjunction with Carteret procures increase of salary for the clerks
of the roads, 250;
is imposed upon in the matter of the King's coach, 251;
calls for the surveyors' journals, 255;
his correspondence with Chalmers, 256;
receives an unexpected visit from Palmer, 258;
detects Palmer's jealousy and endeavours to allay it, 260;
calls Palmer to account for acting without authority, 263;
exposes Bonnor's attempt at deception, 265;
Carteret's dismissal, 266;
Walsingham inquires into the solicitor's accounts, 324

Postmasters-General (VII.) [Walsingham and Chesterfield, 1790 to 1794],
Chesterfield's playful allusions to Palmer, 269;
Palmer sets the postmasters-general at defiance, 270;
they seek in vain an interview with Pitt, 273;
receive assurances from Bonnor of Palmer's disloyalty, 275;
remove Bonnor's suspension and suspend Palmer, 276;
Chesterfield's letter, 276;
Walsingham's interview with Pitt, 277;
feel confident of their own dismissal, 278;
are furnished with evidence by Bonnor, 278;
have a second interview with Pitt and dismiss Palmer, 279;
contrast Palmer's reticence in official matters with Freeling's wealth
of explanation, 295;
Walsingham attempts to improve communication with France, 296;
and to reduce postage on letters containing the second halves of bank
notes, 298;
give attention to coach-building, 393

Postmasters-General (VIII.) [Chichester and Salisbury, 1816 to 1823],
are called upon for a return of the number of Post Office Boards,
396;
address to the Throne praying that one of the two offices of
postmaster-general be abolished, 397;
Salisbury stops his own salary, and on his death Chichester becomes
postmaster-general sole, 398;
Salisbury's testimony to increase of stringency in Post Office matters,
405

Post Office, origin of its monopoly, 7;
monopoly confined in the first instance to the county of Kent, 9;
a Post Office opened in the city of London, 20;
dispute for its possession, 21;
becomes the subject of Parliamentary enactment, 27;
its position in 1680, 39;
is the only receptacle for letters in London, 40;
description of it, 46;
relations between the Post Office and the Treasury, 57;
the Post Office becomes unpopular and the reasons, 170 _seq._;
its retrogression, 184;
assumes a new character, 202;
loses monopoly of letting post-horses, 205;
Post Office buildings in Edinburgh and Dublin fall into decay, 207;
indignation caused by the earlier closing of the Post Office in London,
220;
this office enlarged, 295;
state of the Post Office as between the years 1695 and 1813 compared,
356;
the Post Office disseminates news, 401;
and police notices, 402;
becomes object of interest to the House of Commons, 407;
is cleared of more than a century of debt, 408;
a new post office opened in St. Martin's-le-Grand, 410

Post-runners, 118

Posts, paucity of, in time of Henry the Eighth, 1;
their close connection with the Sovereign, 3;
instructions for the regulation of, 4;
designed not only to carry the letters of the Sovereign, but for the
use of persons travelling on the Sovereign's concerns, 4;
posts originally maintained at loss to the Crown, 7;
at the beginning of the seventeenth century only four in number, 8;
of these the post to Dover the most important, precautions taken lest
this post should be used for designs against the State, 9;
decadence of the posts, 15;
improved by Witherings, 16;
to be self-supporting, 17;
thrown open to the public, 18;
let out to farm, 25;
rent paid in 1650, 25;
in 1653, 27;
in 1660, 33;
in 1667, 34;
in 1657 become the subject of Parliamentary enactment, 27;
their inadequacy to meet public demands, 34;
even where they existed, their existence not generally known, 35;
at what intervals they left London in 1680, 36;
regarded as vehicles for the propagation of treason, 43;
again let out to farm, 58;
resumed by the State, 137;
as late as 1728, not of general concern, 152

Povey, Charles, sets up a halfpenny post, 121;
contrast between him and Dockwra, 122;
his insolence, 122;
is proceeded against and cast in damages, 123

Prideaux, Edmund, takes part with Burlamachi against Warwick, 21;
rescues the mail from Warwick's servants, 22;
brings the imprisonment of his own servant before the House of
Commons, 22;
becomes Master of the Posts, 23;
his activity, 24;
suppresses unauthorised post to Scotland, 25;
makes profit out of the posts and is called upon to pay rent, 25;
is dismissed, 25;
retains an interest in the posts, 26;
Oldmixon's estimate of his character, 26;
destination of a part of his wealth, 27

Prideaux, Edmund, son of the preceding, 27

Prior, Matthew, negotiates Post Office treaty with France, 138

Prior Park, 185

Prizes, practice observed on capture of, 93

Prosecutions, for the illicit conveyance of letters, 333;
measures taken to secure their publicity, 359;
return to the House of Commons on the subject of, 422

Protection order, specimen of, 84 _note_

Quartering of soldiers, a grievance to postmasters, 51

Quash, Ralph Allen's predecessor as postmaster of Bath, 147

Queen's letters, meaning of term in 1706, 83 _note_

Queen's servants not exempt from fare by packet, 86

Queensberry, James, Duke of, 64

Raikes, a diamond merchant, suggests the giving of receipts for
registered letters, 409 _note_

Railways, prediction concerning, 408;
first mail sent by railway, 412

Ramsgate, cost of Post Office at, in 1792, 293

Randolph, Thomas, Master of the Posts to Queen Elizabeth, 3

Receiving offices, first opened in London, 37;
generally kept at public-houses, 68;
to remain open on six nights a week instead of three, 196;
letter-boxes at, to be closed and fixed, 306;
receiving offices for twopenny post letters separate and distinct from
offices for letters by the general post, 409, 423

Recruits, exemption of, from fare by packet, 85;
disputes with officers in charge of, 87;
packets employed for transport of, 97

Registration, exorbitant fees for, of foreign letters, 233;
amount of these fees in 1783 and 1784, 235;
receipts for foreign registered letters begin to be given, 409 _note_

Returned Letters. _See_ Dead letters

Revenue of the Post Office, surrendered by the Crown to the public,
in part, in 1711, 126;
and wholly, in exchange for a Civil List, in 1760, 189;
amount of, from 1635 to 1694, 46;
in 1710 and 1721, 144;
in 1787 as compared with 1784, 227;
in 1796 and 1806, 341;
in 1824 and 1833, 422

Richmond, Charles, Duke of, postmaster-general from December 1830 to July
1834, declines to receive salary, 413;
his industry, 413;
becomes postmaster-general of Ireland as well as Great Britain, and
reforms the Dublin establishment, 414;
contemplates, apparently, a reduction of postage, 419

Ripon, Post Office at, refused in 1713, 151;
in possession of one in 1792, 293

Roads, condition of, in 1691, 65;
during the first two decades of the nineteenth century, 390;
begin to be constructed on scientific principles, 392;
Macadam's plan for dealing with the surface of, 392;
difference between roads in the country and roads in the neighbourhood
of London, 394

Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of, postmaster-general from 1685 to 1689,
43, 74 _note_, 110, Appendix _note_

Rogers, captain of packet, engages in smuggling, 89

Roof-loading of mail-coaches, 287, 412

Rosencrantz, the Danish envoy, to be specially accommodated on board
Harwich packet, 87

Rosse, Laurence, Earl of, postmaster-general of Ireland from 1809 to
1831, 369, 415

Rotterdam, practice at, on arrival of the mails, 174

Royal boroughs of Scotland, 208

Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Post Office in 1787, 227, 230;
in 1823, 407;
recommendations of this last Commission not carried into effect, 420;
another Commission appointed to ascertain the reason, 423;
this Commission procures the contract for mail-coaches to be thrown
open to public competition, 425

Runners, 118

Rye-House Plot, the cause of a Post Office proclamation, 43

Sailors on board the packets, their conditions of service, 83;
receive pensions for wounds, 85;
their wages withheld, 91;
their wages increased, 248

St. John, Henry, afterwards Viscount Bolingbroke, 211

St. Leonards, Shoreditch, a second penny on penny post letters improperly
charged at, 203

St. Martin's-le-Grand, opening of Post Office at, 410

Salaries. _See_ Wages

Salisbury, James, Marquess of, postmaster-general from 1816 to 1823.
_See_ Postmasters-General, Part VIII.

Samples. _See_ Patterns

Sampson, captain of packet, 313

Sandwich, John, Earl of, postmaster-general from 1768 to 1771, 172;
specimen of his frank, Appendix

Sandwich, John, Earl of, son of the preceding, postmaster-general from
1807 to 1814, 348

Sandwich, Kent, asserts its right to a free delivery, 197;
right admitted and letter-carrier appointed, 202, 293

Scotland, tardiness of communication with, before 1635, 16;
communication expedited by Witherings, 16;
postage to Scotland, 18;
post to Edinburgh set up by the City of London, 24;
extent of correspondence with Scotland in 1690, 53;
Scotch posts placed under the postmasters-general of England, 117;
salaries of Scotch postmasters, 118;
course of post between London and Edinburgh accelerated in 1758, 180,
256;
in 1765 posts to and within Scotland increased in frequency, 195;
Post Office in Edinburgh no longer habitable, 207;
internal administration of Scotch Post Office revised by Palmer, 271;
penny post established in Edinburgh, 300;
postage rates within Scotland raised, 319;
wholesale prosecutions for illicit correspondence, 333;
exemption from toll withdrawn and an additional postage rate imposed,
359;
unhandsome conduct of the road trustees, 359;
roads discoached, 360

Search, powers of, refused by the House of Commons, 128

Sebright, Sir John, his letter accidentally opened, 333

Secretary of State, clerks in the office of, compensated for the loss of
the newspaper privilege, 193

Secretary of the Post Office, appointment of, created in 1694, 70

Secret Office, 170, 269

Sharpus, postmaster of New York, 111

Sheffield, salary of postmaster in 1792, 293

Shelburne, William, Earl of, 212

Ship letters, origin of ship letter money, 73;
by means of the penny post evade full postage, 73;
number of, in 1686, 74;
pence paid upon, without legal sanction, 119;
legal sanction given, 128;
ship letter office established, 328;
rates on, increased and restrictions imposed, 361;
restrictions modified, 362;
made compulsory upon private ships to carry mails, 362

Ship news supplied by the Post Office to Lloyds, 218

Shipwrecked seamen pass free by packet, 85

Shrewsbury, curious reply to petition from, for earlier post, 218

Single letter, definition of, 139

Smart and bounty money, 85

Smuggling, on board the packets at Falmouth, 89, 238;
at Harwich, 91, 237;
at Dover, 103;
in the Dover mail-coach, 271

Soldiers' wives, when travelling supplied with money through the medium
of the Post Office, 374

Solicitor to the Post Office, appointment of, created in 1703, 70;
an absentee and his duties performed by deputy, 231;
his accounts inspected by Walsingham's direction, 324

Somerset, Protector, superscription of his letter to Lord Dacre, 20

Sorters, pay of, in 1690, 49

Southampton, salary of postmaster in 1792, 293

Speed of post in Queen Elizabeth's time, 4;
in time of James the First, 6;
at the end of the seventeenth century, 62;
between London and Falmouth and London and Harwich, at the beginning
of the eighteenth century, 83;
under Allen's contract, 148;
in 1765, 187;
after 1784, 290;
speed of Holyhead mail-coach before and after Telford's improvement
of the road, 394;
of mail-coaches generally in 1821 and 1836, 399, 426

Spencer, Lord Charles, postmaster-general from 1801 to 1806, 333

Spitalfields, a second penny improperly charged on penny post letters
addressed to, 203

Sprange, James, postmaster of Tunbridge Wells, 408

Spring Rice, Thomas, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 428

Stage, inconvenience resulting from term not being defined, 219;
term dropped as unit of charge, 318

Stanhope of Harrington, John, Lord, Master of the Posts, 10;
resents what he conceives to be an invasion of his patent, 10;
dies and is succeeded as Master of the Posts by his son, 11

Stanhope of Harrington, Charles, Lord, Master of the Posts, son of the
preceding, vigorously asserts his rights, 11;
vacillating decisions of the Privy Council, 12;
surrenders his patent, 20;
alleges cajolery, 23

Stanhope, Arthur, comptroller of the foreign department, his emoluments
from franking, 344;
supplies newspapers with summaries of foreign intelligence, 346

Stanhope, James, Secretary of State, 64

Stanwix, Colonel, 97

State letters, 83 _note_

Staunton, John, postmaster of Isleworth; appointed comptroller of the
bye and cross-roads, 224

Steam packets, first employment of, by the Post Office, 384

Stock Exchange, The, outwits the Post Office, 106

Stockdale, a highwayman, execution of, 183 _note_

Stokes, William, 245

Stone, George, Receiver-General, a defaulter, 185

Stowmarket, its position and its trade unknown to Allen, 157

Strangers' post. _See_ Foreign merchants

Sudbury, duties and salary of postmaster in 1690, 50

Sunderland, Charles, Earl of, 89

Surveyors, appointment of, refused by the Treasury, 134;
afterwards sanctioned, 140;
their original functions, 134;
their functions and emoluments after 1786, 228;
their journals, 255, 259;
cease to hold postmasterships in addition to their appointments as
surveyors, 339

Swift, Richard, solicitor to the Post Office, prepares Post Office bill
of 1711, 125;
is overborne by Lowndes, secretary to the Treasury, 126

Tankerville, Charles, Earl of, postmaster-general from April 1782 to May
1783, and again from January 1784 to September 1786. _See_
Postmasters-General, Part V.

Telford, Thomas, takes in hand the road between Holyhead and Shrewsbury,
392;
between Shrewsbury and London, 393;
other roads, 409

Thanet, Elizabeth, Countess Dowager of, undertakes to establish a penny
post in Dublin, 69

"Thorough poste," 5 _note_

Thrale, Mrs., 209 _note_

Threepenny post, 340, 417

Thurloe, John, secretary, assumes direction of the Post Office in
1655, 27;
intercepts letters, 28

Thurlow, Edward, Attorney-General, afterwards Lord Chancellor; his
opinion as to the duty of the Post Office in the matter of
delivering letters, 198, 201

Thynne, Henry Frederick, afterwards Carteret. _See_ Postmasters-General,
Parts V. and VI.

Timepieces, mode of regulating mail-guards', 283

_Times_ newspaper, its priority of intelligence, 347;
its criticisms on Post Office procedure, 348;
proceedings against, taken by Freeling, 349

Tinware, supply of, to the postmasters-general, 232

Todd, Anthony, secretary to the Post Office; his correspondence with
Benjamin Franklin, 204;
his indifference, 218;
comments upon Tankerville's temper, 225;
his compromising position in respect to the packets, 240;
his emoluments, 240;
his remark upon Bonnor's dilatory replies, 264;
devotes himself to social amenities, 294;
unknown to the postmasters-general, retains his shares in the packets,
327;
his death, 327

Toll, mail-coaches exempt from, in England and Scotland but not in
Ireland, 354;
exemption withdrawn in Scotland, 359

Townshend, Horatio, Lord, 64

Townshend, Charles, deprecates alarm because a letter is sent by express,
182

Travellers, obtain use of post-horses under false pretences, 5;
are not to be supplied with horses except at the post-houses, 6;
paucity of travellers, 15;
are not to be supplied with horses when the post is expected, 18;
have to pay more for horses after the erection of milestones, 176;
their restriction to post-houses for a supply of horses withdrawn, 205

Treasury, its relations to the Post Office, 57, 416;
refuses the appointment of surveyors, 134;
refuses a horse-post between Edinburgh and Glasgow, 136;
experience of its ways a bar to the suggestion of improvements, 169;
extorts blackmail, 325

Treves, Peregrine, the recipient of Carteret's bounty, 226

Tring, the postmaster of, opens a letter addressed to Sir John Sebright,
333

Tuke, Sir Brian, Master of the Posts to Henry the Eighth, his letter to
Thomas Cromwell, 1;
his duties, 2;
explanation suggested of statement in his letter, 4

Tunbridge, salary of postmaster in 1792, 293

Tunbridge Wells, old-fashioned postmaster of, in 1823, 408

Turnpikes, condition of the trusts at the beginning of the nineteenth
century, 353;
number of Turnpike Acts passed between 1760 and 1809, 390

Twopenny post, a second penny charged by Dockwra on delivery of letters
in the outskirts of London, 38;
this second penny not legally sanctioned until 1730, 143;
the twopenny post thus established in one direction established also
in the other, 307;
the penny post converted into a twopenny post, 331;
and the twopenny post into a threepenny one, 340;
the revenue of the twopenny post as compared with that of the penny
post, 341;
the crowded condition of the twopenny Post Office in Westminster, 410

Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of, opens the mails at Dublin Castle, 53

Uniform, letter-carriers put into, 299

Urin, captain of packet, makes wrong port, 89

Vanderpoel, packet agent at the Brill, 92

Vansittart, Nicholas, Chancellor of the Exchequer, insists upon
mail-coaches being withdrawn from the roads, 355;
raises the rates of postage, 356;
changes the route of the Holyhead coach, 390;
refuses to get the terms of a hostile motion altered, 397

Van Vrybergh, Envoy Extraordinary from the States-General, 101

Venetian Ambassador, the, protests against the opening of his letters, 28

Vidler, his contract for the supply of mail-coaches terminated, 425

Village posts. _See_ Convention posts

Viner, Sir Robert, 70

Wade, General, 146

Wages and salaries, of Post Office servants in 1690, 49;
of seamen on board the packets, 83;
of certain postmasters in England, 50, 293, and in Scotland, 117;
of mail-guards, 263

Waghorn, Thomas, 409

Wainwright, postmistress of Ferrybridge, her original mode of supplying
an omission, 159

Walcot, John, secretary to the Post Office in Ireland, terms of his
agreement with Barham, packet agent at Dover, 222

Walpole, Sir Robert, maintains an office for the opening of letters,
170

Walpole, Galfridus, postmaster-general from 1721 to 1725. _See_
Postmasters-General, Part IV.

Walpole, Horace, precautions taken by, to secure his correspondence
against inspection, 172

Walsingham, Thomas, Lord, postmaster-general from July 1787 to July
1794. _See_ Postmasters-General, Parts VI. and VII.

Warwick, Robert, Earl of, acquires Witherings's patent and claims
possession of the letter office, 21;
attempts to obtain it by force, 22;
continues to assert his claim, 23

Warwick, course of post to, altered in 1695, 57

Waterhouse, Benjamin, Secretary to the Post Office, 131 _note_

Watson, Sir Charles, 296

Way letter, meaning of term, 147

Weights to be attached to sea-borne mails, 82

Wellesley, Sir Arthur, sets aside objections to improving communication
with Ireland, 390

West Indies, packets to the, established, 78;
amount of correspondence in 1705, 80;
service discontinued in 1711, 109;
resumed in 1745, 173;
improved arrangements for disposing of the West Indian mails, 310

Westmorland, John, Earl of, postmaster-general from September 1789 to
March 1790, 266

Weston, Henry, secretary to the Post Office, harsh treatment of, 152

Weston brothers, trial of, 290

Wetherall, Robert, master of ship _Albinia_, proceedings against, for
refusing to take mails on board, 362 _note_

Weymouth, constituted a packet station, 313

Whinnery, Thomas, postmaster of Belfast, his revolving "alphabet," 375;
his mode of delivery, 375

Whitworth, Richard, 192

Wildman, Colonel John, postmaster-general from July 1689 to March
1690, 44

Willatt, Dame, postmistress of Manchester in 1792, 292;
granted a pension, 301

Willes, Doctor, Dean of Lincoln, afterwards Bishop of St. Davids; the
"chief Decypherer," 171

Willes, Mr. Justice, his judgment upon the question of free delivery, 200

William III., confers a pension upon Dockwra, 41;
refuses to exempt postmasters from the quartering of soldiers, 51;
is unwilling to prosecute for the illegal conveyance of letters, 54;
his opinion as to the requirements of a mail packet, 75;
the soundness of that opinion confirmed, 76

Williamson, Peter, sets up an office for the delivery of letters in
Edinburgh, 300

Willimott, Receiver-General, 398 _note_

Wilson, mail-coach contractor, his exorbitant bill for horsing the
King's coach, 251

Witherings, Thomas, succeeds De Quester as foreign postmaster, 14;
is commissioned to examine into the inland posts, 14;
suggests a scheme of reorganisation, 16;
introduces postage, 17;
contemplates posts being self-supporting, 17;
but not, apparently, a source of revenue, 19;
becomes postmaster for both inland and foreign letters, 20;
his appointment is sequestered, 21;
assigns his patent, 21

Wolters, Dirick, a suspected person, to be searched for at Harwich, 88

Worthing, course of post from London to, in 1666, 34

Wren, Sir Christopher, surveys the Post Office premises in Lombard
Street, 71

York, salary of postmaster in 1792, 293

_J. D. & Co._

_Printed by R. & R. CLARK, Edinburgh._

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Page 339 "further period of eighteen months, viz. from the 10th of October 1892 to the 5th of April 1804" changed to October 1802 according to context.

Two changes were made according to the errata:

Page 324 "that the practice dated from 1713" changed to 1703.

Page 339 "further period of eighteen months, viz. from the 10th of October
1892 to the 5th of April 1804" changed to October 1802 according to
context.