Chapter VIII: Religion, Worship and Superstitious Customs of the Indians

Sec. 29. Their quioccassan and idol of worship, 152 30. Their notions of God, and worshiping the evil spirit, 155 31. Their pawwawing or conjurations, 157 32. Their huskanawing, 160 33. Reasons of this custom, 164 34. Their offerings and sacrifice, 165 35. Their set feasts, 165 36. Their account of time, 165 37. Their superstition and zealotry, 166 38. Their regard to the priests and magicians, 167 39. Places of their worship and sacrifice, 168 Their pawcorances or altar stones, 168 40. Their care of the bodies of their princes after death, 169

CHAPTER IX.

_Diseases and Cures of the Indians._

Sec. 41. Their diseases in general, and burning for cure, 171
Their sucking, scarifying and blistering, 171
Priests' secrecy in the virtues of plants, 171
Words wisoccan, wighsacan and woghsacan, 172
Their physic, and the method of it, 172
42. Their bagnios or baths, 172
Their oiling after sweating, 173

CHAPTER X.

_Sports and Pastimes of the Indians._

Sec. 43. Their sports and pastimes in general, 175
Their singing, 175
Their dancing, 175
A mask used among them, 176
Their musical instruments, 177

CHAPTER XI.

_Laws, and Authorities of the Indians among one another._

Sec. 44. Their laws in general, 178
Their severity and ill manners, 178
Their implacable resentments, 179
45. Their honors, preferments and authorities, 179
Authority of the priests and conjurers, 179
Servants or black boys, 179

CHAPTER XII.

_Treasure or Riches of the Indians._

Sec. 46. Indian money and goods, 180

CHAPTER XIII.

_Handicrafts of the Indians._

Sec. 47. Their lesser crafts, as making bows and arrows, 182 48. Their making canoes, 182 Their clearing woodland ground, 183 49. Account of the tributary Indians, 185

BOOK IV.

_Present State of Virginia._

PART I.

_Polity and Government._

CHAPTER I.

_Constitution of Government in Virginia._

Sec. 1. Constitution of government in general, 186 2. Governor, his authority and salary, 188 3. Council and their authority, 189 4. House of burgesses, 190

CHAPTER II.

_Sub-Divisions of Virginia._

Sec. 5. Division of the country, 192 6. Division of the country by necks of land, counties and parishes, 192 7. Division of the country by districts for trade by navigation, 194

CHAPTER III.

_Public Offices of Government._

Sec. 8. General officers as are immediately commissionated from the
throne, 196
Auditor, Receiver General and Secretary, 196
Salaries of those officers, 197
9. Other general officers, 197
Ecclesiastical commissary and country's treasurer, 197
10. Other public officers by commission, 197
Escheators, 197
Naval officers and collectors, 198
Clerks and sheriffs, 198
Surveyors of land and coroners, 199
11. Other officers without commission, 199

CHAPTER IV.

_Standing Revenues or Public Funds._

Sec. 12. Public funds in general, 200 13. Quit rent fund, 200 14. Funds for maintenance of the government, 201 15. Funds for extraordinary occasions, under the disposition of the assembly, 201 16. Revenue granted by the act of assembly to the college, 202 17. Revenue raised by act of parliament in England from the trade there, 202

CHAPTER V.

_Levies for Payment of the Public, County and Parish Debts._

Sec. 18. Several ways of raising money, 203 Titheables, 203 19. Public levy, 203 20. County levy, 204 21. Parish levy, 204

CHAPTER VI.

_Courts of Law in Virginia._

Sec. 22. Constitution of their courts, 205 23. Several sorts of courts among them, 206 24. General court in particular, and its jurisdiction, 206 25. Times of holding a general court, 206 26. Officers attending this court, 206 27. Trials by juries and empannelling grand juries, 207 28. Trial of criminals, 207 29. Time of suits, 208 30. Lawyers and pleadings, 208 31. County courts, 208 32. Orphans' courts, 209

CHAPTER VII.

_Church and Church Affairs._

Sec. 33. Parishes, 210 34. Churches and chapels in each parish, 210 35. Religion of the country, 210 36. Benefices of the clergy, 210 37. Disposition of parochial affairs, 211 38. Probates, administrations, and marriage licenses, 212 39. Induction of ministers, and precariousness of their livings, 213

CHAPTER VIII.

_Concerning the College._

Sec. 40. College endowments, 214 41. The college a corporation, 214 42. Governors and visitors of the college in perpetual succession, 215 43. College buildings, 215 44. Boys and schooling, 215

CHAPTER IX.

_Military Strength in Virginia._

Sec. 45. Forts and fortifications, 217 46. Listed militia, 217 47. Number of the militia, 217 48. Service of the militia, 218 49. Other particulars of the troops and companies, 218

CHAPTER X.

_Servants and Slaves._

Sec. 50. Distinction between a servant and a slave, 219 51. Work of their servants and slaves, 219 52. Laws in favor of servants, 220

CHAPTER XI.

_Provision for the Poor, and other Public Charitable Works._

Sec. 53. Legacy to the poor, 223 54. Parish methods in maintaining their poor, 223 55. Free schools, and schooling of children, 224

CHAPTER XII.

_Tenure of Lands and Grants._

Sec. 56. Tenure and patents of their lands, 225 57. Several ways of acquiring grants of land, 225 58. Rights to land, 225 59. Patents upon survey, 225 60. Grants of lapsed land, 226 61. Grants of escheat land, 227

CHAPTER XIII.

_Liberties and Naturalization of Aliens._

Sec. 62. Naturalizations, 228 63. French refugees at the Manican town, 228

CHAPTER XIV.

_Currency and Valuation of Coins._

Sec. 64. Coins current among them, what rates, and why carried from
among them to the neighboring plantations, 230

PART II.

_Husbandry and Improvements._

CHAPTER XV.

_People, Inhabitants of Virginia._

Sec. 65. First peopling of Virginia, 231 66. First accession of wives to Virginia, 231 67. Other ways by which the country was increased in people, 232

CHAPTER XVI.

_Buildings in Virginia._

Sec. 68. Public buildings, 234 69. Private buildings, 235

CHAPTER XVII.

_Edibles, Potables and Fuel._

Sec. 70. Cookery, 236 71. Flesh and fish, 236 72. Bread, 237 73. Their kitchen gardens, 237 74. Their drinks, 238 75. Their fuel, 238

CHAPTER XVIII.

_Clothing in Virginia._

Sec. 76. Clothing, 239
Slothfulness in handicrafts, 239

CHAPTER XIX.

_Temperature of the Climate, and the Inconveniences attending it._

Sec. 77. Natural temper and mixture of the air, 240
78. Climate and happy situation of the latitude, 240
79. Occasions of its ill character, 241
Rural pleasures, 241
80. Annoyances, or occasions of uneasiness, 243
Thunders, 243
Heat, 243
Troublesome insects, 243
81. Winters, 250
Sudden changes of the weather, 251

CHAPTER XX.

_Diseases incident to the Country._

Sec. 82. Diseases in general, 252 83. Seasoning, 253 84. Cachexia and yaws, 253 85. Gripes, 253

CHAPTER XXI.

_Recreations and Pastimes in Virginia._

Sec. 86. Diversions in general, 254 87. Deer-hunting, 254 88. Hare-hunting, 254 89. Vermin-hunting, 255 90. Taking wild turkies, 256 91. Fishing, 256 92. Small game, 256 93. Beaver, 256 94. Horse-hunting, 257 95. Hospitality, 258