Chapter VI: , will be found very helpful on feudalism; also Emerton,

“Introduction to the Middle Ages,” Chapter XV, and Adams, “Civilization during the Middle Ages,” Chapter IX. A good life of Charlemagne in English is Hodgkin, “Charles the Great.” There is an abundance of source material. Special mention might be made of Thatcher and McNeal, Nos. 7-9, 16-19, 191-194, 209-217; Robinson, Chapter VII, on Charlemagne, Chapter VIII on the Disruption of Charlemagne’s Empire, and Chapter IX on Feudalism; Ogg, Chapter IX, on the “Age of Charlemagne,” Chapter X on the “Era of the Later Carolingians,” and