Chapter I: Front Matter

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THE

HUMAN SPECIES.

BY
A. DE QUATREFAGES,

PROFESSOR OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, PARIS.

NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,
549 AND 551 BROADWAY.
1879.

CONTENTS.

BOOK I.

UNITY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.

CHAPTER I.
PAGE
EMPIRES AND KINGDOMS OF NATURE.—THE HUMAN KINGDOM.—ANTHROPOLOGICAL
METHOD 1

CHAPTER II.

GENERAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL DOCTRINES; MONOGENISM AND POLYGENISM 30

CHAPTER III.

SPECIES AND RACE IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES 35

CHAPTER IV.

NATURE OF VARIATIONS IN ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE RACES;
APPLICATION TO MAN 41

CHAPTER V.

EXTENT OF VARIATIONS IN ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE RACES;
APPLICATION TO MAN 47

CHAPTER VI.

INTERCROSSING AND FUSION OF CHARACTERS IN ANIMAL RACES;
APPLICATION TO MAN 56

CHAPTER VII.

CROSSING OF RACES AND SPECIES IN THE ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE
KINGDOMS.—MONGRELS AND HYBRIDS 63

CHAPTER VIII.

CROSSING BETWEEN VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL RACES AND SPECIES;
MONGRELS AND HYBRIDS; REALITY OF SPECIES 70

CHAPTER IX.

CROSSING BETWEEN HUMAN GROUPS.—UNITY OF THE HUMAN
SPECIES 85

BOOK II.

ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.

CHAPTER X.

ORIGIN OF SPECIES.—HYPOTHESES OF TRANSMUTATION.—DARWINISM 89

CHAPTER XI.

ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.—DIFFERENT HYPOTHESES 104

BOOK III.

ANTIQUITY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.

CHAPTER XII.

AGE OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.—PRESENT GEOLOGICAL EPOCH 129

CHAPTER XIII.

AGE OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.—PAST GEOLOGICAL EPOCHS 142

BOOK IV.

ORIGINAL LOCALISATION OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.

CHAPTER XIV.

AGASSIZ’S THEORY.—CENTRES OF CREATION 154

CHAPTER XV.

PROGRESSIVE LOCALISATION OF ORGANISED BEINGS.—CENTRES OF
APPEARANCE.—ORIGINAL LOCALISATION OF MAN 168

BOOK V.

PEOPLING OF THE GLOBE.

CHAPTER XVI.

MIGRATIONS BY LAND.—EXODUS OF THE KALMUCKS FROM THE
VOLGA 179

CHAPTER XVII.

MIGRATIONS BY SEA.—POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS.—MIGRATIONS TO
NEW ZEALAND 185

CHAPTER XVIII.

MIGRATIONS BY SEA.—MIGRATIONS IN AMERICA 199

BOOK VI.

ACCLIMATISATION OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.

CHAPTER XIX.

INFLUENCE OF CONDITIONS OF LIFE AND RACE 214

CHAPTER XX.

CONDITIONS OF ACCLIMATISATION 224

BOOK VII.

PRIMITIVE MAN.—FORMATION OF THE HUMAN RACES.

CHAPTER XXI.

PRIMITIVE MAN 239

CHAPTER XXII.

FORMATION OF HUMAN RACES UNDER THE SOLE INFLUENCE OF
CONDITIONS OF LIFE AND HEREDITY 244

CHAPTER XXIII.

FORMATION OF MIXED HUMAN RACES 260

CHAPTER XXIV.

INFLUENCE OF CROSSING UPON MIXED HUMAN RACES 276

BOOK VIII.

FOSSIL HUMAN RACES.

CHAPTER XXV.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 287

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE CANSTADT RACE 302

CHAPTER XXVII.

THE CRO-MAGNON RACE 311

CHAPTER XXVIII.

RACES OF FURFOOZ 337

BOOK IX.

PRESENT HUMAN RACES.—PHYSICAL CHARACTERS.

CHAPTER XXIX.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.—EXTERNAL CHARACTERS 349

CHAPTER XXX.

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS 370

CHAPTER XXXI.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS 409

CHAPTER XXXII.

PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS 422

BOOK X.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THE HUMAN SPECIES.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

INTELLECTUAL CHARACTERS 431

CHAPTER XXXIV.

MORAL CHARACTERS 459

CHAPTER XXXV.

RELIGIOUS CHARACTERS 473

THE HUMAN SPECIES.