Chapter XIV: Part 14

Hans Unwirrsch entered the swarm of poor scholars by no means with sentimental feelings. After having conquered the first surprise and embarrassment, after having made himself at home in his new surroundings, he proved himself to be no better than any other scapegrace, and to the best of his ability took part in the pleasures and pains of this praiseworthy public institution. Friends and enemies among the boys were soon discovered; congenial spirits attached themselves to him, the uncongenial tried to pull him out of his views of life by the hairs of his head, and in single combat as in general skirmish he often came to grief, which, however, he bore like a manly chap, without seeking refuge behind his teacher. As a manly chap he also had, at this period of his life, a healthy aversion toward the female sex upon the benches at the right of the passage. He was fond of putting shoemaker’s wax on the girls’ seats, and of coupling two and two of them together by firmly twisting the ends of their hair into a knot; he looked upon them with sovereign disdain as inferior creatures, who knew no other means of defence than shrieking, and through whom the schoolmaster was better informed about the left half of his school than the boys relished. At first there was not the least trace of chivalrous impulses and feelings within his bosom, but the time which was to hail the first awaking dawn in this respect was not far distant, and soon there was _one_ little creature on the other side of the school who made her influence felt upon Hans Unwirrsch. There came a time when he could not bear to see _one_ little fellow-pupil cry, and when he felt a nameless longing, which was not directed toward the great slices of bread and butter and hunches of cake which he saw other children devour upon the street; but for the present he impudently put his hands in the pockets of his baggy breeches, set his legs far apart, put himself firmly on his feet, and sought to emancipate himself as far as possible from the absolutism of womankind. No more now did he sit quiet and patient at the feet of Cousin Schlotterbeck and listen reverently to her teachings and exhortations, her fairy-tales and almanac stories, and her Bible readings. To the great discomfort of the good old lady did he daily manifest a more critical spirit. The almanac stories he knew by heart; no sooner did the “Cousin” begin a fairy-tale than he interrupted her to suggest emendations and ask impertinently ironical questions; to her kind exhortations he always offered confusing objections, which more than once put the good lady quite out of countenance. When, as was her custom, the good soul got entangled in a long-breathed genealogical row of biblical names, Hans took a truly diabolical pleasure therein, and tried to drive the poor creature deeper into the thorns, so that she at last with angry virulence would clap the book to and call her quondam “little lamb” a “saucy good-for-nothing.” Behind her back he was up to all sorts of trickery; yes, he went so far as to caricature her person before a select audience in the Kröppelstrasse, consisting of persons of his own age. In short, Hans Jakob Nikolaus Unwirrsch had now reached that stage in life during which loving relations with darkly melancholy looks and warning gestures prognosticated to this hopeful scion or youthful acquaintance a dark future, the beggar’s staff, prison, penitentiary, and at last, as an agreeable conclusion, a disgraceful death on the gallows. It is well that prophecies usually are not fulfilled.

Naturally Hans now felt more drawn to his Uncle Grünebaum than to his mother and cousin. The original cobbler had much about him that was attractive to the youthful mind. To Hans, when in the company of this worthy man, time seldom seemed to drag.

Very dirty and neglected did the household and surroundings of Uncle Grünebaum look to any respectable woman. In his workshop it looked as if brownies had made their home, not with kindly intentions, but in the most bitter ire. A wilder topsy-turvy can scarcely be pictured. Uncle Grünebaum spent the greater part of his day and of his work-hours in hunting for something or other. The tool he was in search of was never to be found, and rummaging for it did not benefit the general aspect of things. Over and above all there was a perpetual noise of whistling, singing, and screeching birds in large and small cages upon the walls; a tree-frog in a glass by the window foretold the weather. But as for the political weather, Meister Grünebaum foretold it to himself, reading the _Town and Country Herald_ with a loud voice to himself and his birds, an occupation which also took up a good deal of his work-time. The worthy Uncle Grünebaum did only just so much cobbling as was necessary to keep him and his birds alive, and to pay for the _Herald_. His glass at the alehouse was oftener scored than is good for a respectable citizen and shoemaker.

During this period of his restless life Hans decidedly preferred the street and its details to domestic happiness, to the quiet undisturbed peace of his own home. Oh, thou blessed time of dirty hands and bleeding noses, of torn jackets and rumbled hair! Woe to the man who has never known thee! It were better for him if he had not known some other things which loving relations and friends with the darkly melancholy look blandly praised and recommended!

_Wilhelm Raabe._

_NEWSPAPER HUMOUR._

_Shoemakers Apprentice_ (passing by a baker’s stand): “Got any stale rolls?”

_Baker_: “Yes, my lad.”

_Apprentice_: “Serves you right. You should have sold ’em when they were fresh.”

IN COURT.--_Judge_: “How is it that you picked up a number of comparatively worthless articles, and left the money, which was close at hand, untouched?”

_Criminal_: “I hope your honour won’t find fault with me for that. My wife has been hard enough on me about it.”

_Restaurant-keeper_ (to guest reading his paper): “I am very sorry, sir, to be obliged to ask you not to lunch here in future. You shake your head all the time. _I_ know it’s the politics, but others don’t know it, and it’s hurting my reputation.”

AT A RESTAURANT.--“This beefsteak is so tough the knife won’t go through.”

_Restaurant-keeper_: “Waiter, another knife for the gentleman.”

_Father_: “Goodness, how you look, child!”

_Frankie_: “I fell into the canal.”

_Father_: “What! With your new trousers on?”

_Frankie_: “I didn’t have time to take ’em off.”

“ALLOW me, Mademoiselle, to present this to you.”

“No, no, I do not wish to accept a present.”

“It is a volume of my poems.”

“Ah, that is different. I could not have permitted you to give me anything _valuable_.”

_Judge_ (to an individual notorious for thievish proclivities): “I was told you stole wood the other day. That is not true, is it, Peter?”

_Peter_: “Nay, Herr Judge.”

_Judge_: “The policeman says he found the wood at your house. That can’t be so?”

_Peter_: “Nay, Herr Judge.”

_Judge_: “Well, Peter, I’ll sentence you to six weeks in gaol. That’s not too much, is it?”

_Peter_: “Nay, Herr Judge.”

“I WONDER why that gentleman over there is holding the paper up before his face for such an interminable length of time?”

“The explanation is very simple. Because his tailor happens to be sitting at our table.”

A CONSIDERATE YOUTH.--_Aunt_: “Well, Fritz, I hear you were flogged in school to-day?”

_Fritz_: “Yes, but it didn’t hurt.”

_Aunt_: “I thought I heard you cry.”

_Fritz_: “I did that to please the teacher.”

“YOU advertise your socks to have fast colours, and now I had on a pair for two days, and for a fortnight I have not been able to get the colour off from my feet.”

“Well, don’t you call that a fast colour? What more can you wish?”

AT THE LIVERY STABLE.--“How much do you ask for this horse by the hour?”

“One thaler.”

“That is, I trust, counting up to the time when the horse returns? It is quite likely I shall be here somewhat later!”

_Doctor_: “I know just what will help you. You must drink two cups of very strong tea every morning.”

_Patient_: “Why, that is just what I have done for years.”

_Doctor_: “Then you must stop it.”

“HENRY, my cigars are disappearing at a great rate. Is it possible that within the short time you have been in my service----”

“Never fear, sir; I have three boxes full left from my last master.”

_Lieutenant A._ (relating his gallant adventures at the ball): “A crowd of ladies stood about me, waiting for me to say something very brilliant.”

_Lieutenant B._: “Of course you kept them in suspense.”

_Lieutenant A._: “Most certainly I did.”

_New Burgomaster_: “No celebrity ever been born in this town?”

_First Citizen_: “Not yet, unfortunately; but all that will be different under your administration.”

_A._ (to a young doctor): “How many rooms have you?”

_B._: “First, there is a waiting-room.”

_A._: “Pardon me for interrupting you. What do you call a waiting-room? Is it a room in which your patients wait for you, or one in which you wait for patients?”

_A._: “Dr. Krampel has saved my life.”

_B._: “I did not know that you were ever in his treatment.”

_A._: “No, when I consulted him he advised me to go to another physician.”

POETRY AND PROSE.--“Tell me what it was that inspired you to write this glorious poem?”

_Poet_: “My youngest needed a new suit of clothes.”

_Lady_ (roguishly to her partner): “So you too are a conductor on the road to Hades?”

_Young Physician_: “You mistake, I am less than that--in fact, merely a brakesman!”

_Baroness_: “Your daughter will find a kind mistress in me. I trust she is accustomed to work and to early rising?”

_Peasant_: “That she is, ma’am. She can serve you as an example.”

_Coquetry Avenged._--_Lady_: “Ah, Herr Lieutenant, I have rejected many addresses!”

_Lieutenant_: “Is that so? Well, you have had time to do so!”

_Judge_: “Prisoner, do you confess your guilt?”

_Prisoner_: “No. The words of my counsel have convinced me of my innocence.”

_Lady_: “And so you are a friend of my son Edward? I shall be delighted to hear what news you can tell me about him. Is he enjoying his studies at the university, and has he grown accustomed to the intricacies of town-life? Has he learned to find his way about?”

_Student_: “Oh yes, he is all right so far as that is concerned. Only he has some difficulty in finding his way home from the tavern.”

“COME, John, get up on the mare!”

“Pray, why should I make such a detour to get around to the other side?”

AT THE BALL.--_Gentleman_: “Do you play on the piano?”

_Lady_: “No.”

_Gentleman_: “Ah, then you sing?”

_Lady_: “No, sir,--neither have I had the influenza.”

_Maid_ (to her young mistress, who has written a love-letter for her at her request): “Oh, thank you so much, Miss! The letter is beautiful. But please don’t forget to put a postscript: Excuse bad writin’ and spellin’!”

“IT is very provoking that your wife should have read my last letter to you. I thought you said she never opens your letters?”

“She doesn’t generally, but you committed the folly of writing ‘Private’ upon the envelope.”

IF you ask a man for the date of his birth, he tells you only the year; if you ask a woman, she never tells you more than the day.

_Custodian of the Schloss at Heidelberg_ (explaining the functions of his office to stranger): “What the professors are to the university, that _we_ are to the Schloss.”

IN COURT.--_Defendant_: “Gentlemen, I have much to say in favour of my client. First----”

_Prisoner_ (interrupting him): “You’d better not give yourself any trouble trying to pull me through, Herr Doctor. I take it the gentlemen haven’t much faith left in either of us.”

_A._: “I wish I knew something to give my uncle for his birthday. He is such an old miser that no matter what I buy him, I’m sure he will not use it.”

_B._: “Why, that’s glorious! All you have to do is to fill half-a-dozen of bottles with water, cork and seal them well, and stick on a label, ‘Old Rhine Wine, 1780.’”

FREDERICK, a tailor’s apprentice, has lent a shilling to Henry, a barbers journeyman. To show his gratitude, Henry says: “Frederick, if you should ever get into straits, if all your friends should fall off from you; if your father and mother, your sister and brother, should leave you in the lurch, then come to me, and take my word for it, _I’ll shave you, and never charge you a penny_!”

_Stranger_: “Beg pardon, sir, will you tell me which road I must take to get to the university?”

_First Student_: “I don’t know precisely myself. It is only two years since I came here. It is more likely you know, Bummer--you’ve been here for eight years.”

_Second Student_: “I? I have forgotten long ago.”

NOTE.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS are here tendered to Herr Wilhelm Raabe, for his kind permission to include the translation from _Hunger-Pastor_; to Herr Julius Stinde, for his kind permission to translate from the _Familie Buchholz_; to Herr W. H. Riehl and his publisher, to translate from _Jörg Muckenhuber_; to Herr Friedrich Theodor v. Vischer, and to the Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart, to translate from Herr v. Vischer’s _Auch Einer_; to Herr Ernst Eckstein, to translate from _Besuch im Carcer_; to Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co., Limited, and to Mr. Leland, for their kind permission to include Mr. Leland’s translations of Scheffel and others (see _Gaudeamus_, published by Messrs. Kegan Paul). Best thanks are also to be accorded to various German authors and publishers, who have so courteously sanctioned translated extracts.

BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF WRITERS.

HUGO VON TRIMBERG is said to have been the rector of a school near Bamberg, 1260-1309. He wrote several books of a didactic and satirical type, including _The Runner_ and _The Gatherer_, the latter of which he tells us was lost during his lifetime. He severely denounces everything and everybody pertaining to the younger generation, and chants the praises of the “good old times.” His writings are somewhat desultory, and their chief interest lies in the inserted fables which serve him to spin out a moral.

HANS SACHS was born at Nuremberg, on 5th November 1494. In his fifteenth year he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and was instructed in the elements of “master-singing” by the linen-draper Nunnenbeck. As a travelling journeyman in his trade he visited the schools of all the celebrated master-singers of Germany. Returning after five years to his native town, he devoted himself to his calling of shoemaker and to the art of song. His first poetic production was a hymn which he composed in Munich in 1514. The Reformation inspired him to an allegorical ode in honour of Luther, entitled “Die Wittembergisch Nachtigal,” which was followed by a great number of short religious poems. He died at Nuremberg in 1576, his last years having been clouded by insanity. He was an extraordinarily prolific writer of songs, plays, and farces.

CHRISTOFFEL VON GRIMMELSHAUSEN (1620-1676) was born at Gelnhausen. During his youth he served in the army, and his experiences of life as a soldier in the Thirty Years’ War are related in the romance of _Simplicius Simplicissimus_. During his later years he was mayor of the small town of Renchen, in the Black Forest. In his various writings he made use of a whimsical collection of _noms-de-plume_, thereby somewhat complicating the task of literary research.

LUDWIG TIECK (1773-1853) was the son of a rope-maker in Berlin. In his studies at the universities of Halle, Göttingen, and Erlangen, he devoted special attention to the Romanic languages, and later, at Berlin, to the history of art, Old German poetry, and modern literature. He soon found himself in opposition to the views of poetry then popular. After his marriage, he lived for a while in Jena on intimate terms with the two Schlegels, removing with them to Dresden, and later publishing an “Almanac of the Muses” in company with A. W. Schlegel. After 1840 he received a pension from Frederick William IV. of Prussia; he took up his residence at Berlin, where he died. He contributed a great deal to the Shakespeare literature of Germany, with the aid of historical and literary studies on this subject made during a visit to London in 1818, and wrote many dramas, lyrics, and novels, as well as works of severe literary criticism.

JEAN PAUL FRIEDRICH RICHTER, commonly called Jean Paul, was born in 1763 at Wunsiedel, in the Baireuth district. His writings abound in pleasing recollections of his youthful days, though these were spent in poverty. After passing through the gymnasium at Hof, and pursuing a course of studies at Leipsic, he made some attempts in satire, but without success. He was for some time employed as private tutor in several families, and after the publication of an incomplete romance entitled _The Invisible Lodge_, gained a reputation as a humorist. His later works include _Hesperus_, _The Life of Quintus Fixlein_, _Titan_, _Siebenkäs_, _Wild Oats_, and several other discursive romances. He was induced by his friendship for Herder to revisit Weimar in 1798, remaining there until 1800, when he went to Berlin. A few years afterwards he received a pension, which enabled him to live in modest and comfortable circumstances at Baireuth, where he died in 1825.

AUGUST FRIEDRICH FERDINAND VON KOTZEBUE (1761-1819) was born at Weimar, where his father held a high position at court. He studied at Jena, and subsequently held several political offices in Russia, as well as Germany. His first writings did much to rob him of public respect. In 1798 he went to Vienna to take charge of the court theatre. Soon after, when on his way to St. Petersburg, he was sent to Siberia. He continued to write during his exile, was recalled, and came to live at Jena, which place he left, however, because of his perpetual animosity for Goethe. He was intensely unpatriotic, and indulged himself repeatedly in his writings in pouring out invectives upon German Liberal politicians on the one hand, and upon the Romantic school and the reform of the drama attempted by Schiller on the other. His motives in literature, as in politics, were purely mercenary. So venomous was he in his attacks upon the ideals of the German “Burschenschaften” that he aroused the fanaticism of a young student, Ludwig Sand, who, moreover, suspecting him of acting as a Russian spy, assassinated him at Mannheim.

JOHANN HEINRICH DANIEL ZSCHOKKE (1771-1848), born in Magdeburg, and educated at the gymnasium connected with the monastery at that place. In 1788 he left his native town, and joining a company of actors, he roamed about as a playwright. He then studied philosophy, theology, history, and art at Frankfort-on-Oder, and became a tutor there. He filled several responsible political positions in Switzerland, until he retired in 1841 to his country-house near Aarau, where he died. He wrote a number of dramas, _Aballino, the Great Bandit_, _The Iron Mask_, etc., as well es countless romances, novels, and books of travel.

LOUIS CHARLES ADELBERT VON CHAMISSO (1781-1838) was a member of the old and aristocratic French family Chamisso de Boncourt, who were expelled from France by the Revolution, in which they lost their estates. Adelbert lived with his parents in Berlin, where he subsequently entered the Prussian army, accompanied the navigator Otto von Kotzebue on a voyage round the world, and then held for some years an appointment at the Botanic Garden in Berlin, where he died. He was a very versatile writer. Besides his lyrics and the fantastic story of _Peter Schlemihl_, which gained him a name in German literature, he wrote _De animalibus quibusdam e classe vermium Linnæi_, _Über die Hawaiisprache_, and _Bemerkungen und Ansichten auf einer Entdeckungsreise unter Kotzebue_.

HEINRICH HEINE (1799-1856) was born at Düsseldorf, of Jewish parents. He devoted himself to a mercantile calling at Hamburg for a while, then studied law at Berlin, Bonn, and Göttingen, adopted Christianity in 1825, edited the _Political Annals_ in company with Murhard, lived at Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg, and finally in Paris, where he received a pension for his literary services up to his death.

MORITZ GOTTLIEB SAPHIR was born in 1795 at a small Hungarian town, where his grandfather, under the decree of the Emperor Joseph II. compelling the Jews to take family names, had adopted the name of Saphir. Intending at first to become a merchant, this idea soon grew distasteful to him. He went to Prague to study the Talmud; then began to devote himself entirely to literature, and soon wrote some verses, which showed his satirical talent. At Vienna his satirical muse made him so many enemies that he went to Berlin, where he wrote and edited a great many humorous books. He was obliged to leave Berlin also, and going to live at Munich, he got into trouble on account of some satirical passages which were supposed to refer to the King of Bavaria, and which resulted in his imprisonment. He died at Baden, near Vienna, in 1858.

WILHELM HAUFF was born at Stuttgart in 1802, studied theology at Tübingen, became tutor in a private family at Stuttgart, and subsequently edited a paper in that town. He aimed at improving the public taste, which had been greatly influenced by H. Clauren. With this object he wrote a novel, _The Man in the Moon_, purporting to be written by Clauren. Having lost the ensuing law-suit, Hauff wrote his celebrated _Controversy about the Man in the Moon_. He also wrote _Die Memoiren des Satans_, _Lichtenstein_, _Die Bettlerin von Pont des Arts_, _Die Phantasien im Bremer Rathskeller_, etc. He died at Stuttgart, September 18th, 1827.

EDUARD MÖRIKE (1804-1875), born at Ludwigsburg, studied at Tübingen, was pastor at Keber-Sulzbach, near Heilbronn, then teacher at Stuttgart. He belonged to the Suabian school of poets, wrote verses and novels, among the latter, _Das Stuttgarter Hutzelmännlein_, _Iris_, _Idylle am Bodensee_, etc.

FRIEDRICH THEODOR VON VISCHER (1807-1889), a celebrated writer on Æsthetics of the Hegelian school. He was born at Ludwigsburg, studied theology, and accepted a position as vicar at Harrheim. He went to Tübingen in 1833, and became first an extraordinary and then ordinary professor of æsthetics and German literature. On account of the too great liberality of his inaugural address he was at once suspended for two years. In 1848 he entered the Frankfort Parliament, where he occupied a position as an extreme radical. In 1855 he was called to the Polytechnical Institute at Zürich, and later filled a similar position at Stuttgart. Besides his greatest work, entitled _Æsthetics, or the Science of the Beautiful_, he wrote _The Sublime and the Comic_, and a third part to Goethe’s _Faust_, a parody of Goethe’s second part, as well as a great deal of prose and verse in a satirical and aphoristic vein, and many critical works on æsthetics.

FRITZ REUTER (1810-1874), born at Stavenhagen, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, studied law at Rostock, went to Jena in 1832 and joined the Burschenschaft, which was then in very ill favour with the strongly Conservative government as promulgating Liberal tendencies. He was imprisoned, and after being in custody a year was sentenced to death. This sentence was modified by the king to lifelong imprisonment. He was taken to Fort Dömitz, and remained there until 1840, when he was released in consequence of the Prussian amnesty. He took charge of his father’s estate at Stavenhagen, later going to Treptow as a tutor in a private family; later he devoted himself exclusively to literature at Neubrandenburg and then at Eisenach, where he died. His novels, comedies, and poems were all written in the Low-German dialect. Some of the best known are _Seed-Time and Harvest_, _Olle Kamellen_, _Ut mine Festungstid_ (Aus meiner Festungszeit), _Die Reis’na Constantinopel_.

ERNST KOSSAK (1814-1880), born at Marienwerder, and died at Berlin. Wrote _Aus dem Wanderbuch eines litterarischen Handwerksburschen_, _Historietten_, _Berliner Silhouetten_, etc.

GOTTFRIED KELLER (1815-1887), born at Zürich, took up landscape-painting, and went to Vienna to continue his art studies. Returning to his native town in 1842, he gave up painting and devoted himself entirely to literary pursuits. Receiving some pecuniary aid from the Zurich Senate, he went to Heidelberg in 1848, and to Berlin in 1850, to study philosophy and dramaturgy. He then returned to Zürich. Among his novels, _Der grüne Heinrich_ and _Die Leute von Seldwyla_ are best known.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM VON HACKLÄNDER (1816-1877), novelist and comedy-writer, born at Burtscheid, near Aachen. Entered the mercantile profession, left it for the army, which he soon found distasteful. Discovering a talent for story-telling, he wrote many novels and sketches about military life, and some more ambitious works of fiction, as _Europäisches Sklavenleben_.

RICHARD VOLKMANN (_nom-de-plume_ Richard Leander), 1830-1891, son of the celebrated physiologist Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann, resided at Halle, in the office of President of the Chirurgical Hospital and Medical Professor at the University. Besides a number of scientific works he wrote _Poems_, _Aus der Burschenzeit_, and _Träumereien an französischen Kaminen_.

HEINRICH SCHAUMBERGER (1843-1874), born at Neustadt-a-d-Heide, was a Common school-teacher; he was consumptive, and died at Davost. Wrote _Volkserzählungen_, _Vater und Sohn_, _Im Hirtenhaus_, etc.

PETRI KETTENFEIER ROSEGGER, born at Alpl in Obersteiermark, in 1843. He was the son of peasants, and received only a most elementary education. Being too delicate for a yeoman, he was apprenticed to a tailor in his seventeenth year. During the time of his apprenticeship he became interested in books, and tried his hand at literature. The editor of a paper to whom he had sent some of his work became interested in him, and through his intercession he was admitted to the Mercantile Academy at Graz. He subsequently received a stipend enabling him to complete his education. He then went to Graz, where he edited a monthly magazine and devoted himself to literary work. His novels, under the title of _Ausgewählte Schriften_, comprising twenty-three volumes, are published at Vienna.

WILHELM HEINRICH RIEHL, born 1823, at the little town of Biebrich on the Rhine. Studied at Marburg, Tübingen, Bonn, and Giessen. Edited several papers, and after having been made a member of the _Deutsche Nationalversammlung_ founded the _Nassauische Allgemeine Zeitung_, at the same time undertaking the musical management of the Wiesbaden Theatre. In 1854 he was made Professor of Jurisprudence and Science of Government at Munich. Later he became a member of the Academy of Science, and Director of the Bavarian National Museum. His books, published at Stuttgart, are mostly on historical subjects--_Civilised Society_, _Natural History of the German People_, etc.

FRANZ VON SCHÖNTHAN, born at Vienna in 1849, entered the navy, which he left after four years to go on the stage. After having written a number of novels and comedies he was engaged as comedy-writer for the Wallner Theatre at Berlin. He subsequently filled a position at the Vienna Theatre.

JULIUS STINDE, born 1841, at Kirch-Michel, in Holstein. Studied natural science. Occupied a position as chemist in a factory at Hamburg. Subsequently took charge of the Hamburg _Gewerbeblatt_, and devoted himself solely to literature, more especially to the popularisation of science. Later he wrote comedies in Low-German, which were very well received. Among his humorous writings, the _Familie Buchholz_ has contributed most to his international popularity.

BOGUMIL GOLTZ (1801-1870), humorous and didactic writer, born at Warsaw; studied at Breslau. Bought several estates, in the management of which he was unsuccessful. Lost the greater part of his fortune and settled down at Thorn, to live the life of a literary recluse, though he often travelled. Wrote _Typen der Gesellschaft_, _Der Mensch und die Leute_, _Zur Physiognomie und Charakteristik des Volkes_, etc.

EDUARD PÖTZL, born 1851, at Vienna. Editor of _Neues Wiener Tageblatt_. Wrote humorous novels and sketches, dealing with Vienna life and the Austrian courts of justice.

PAUL LINDAU, born in 1839, at Magdeburg. Editor of the well-known review, _Nord und Süd_; dramatic writer. Lived at Paris for several years as a literary correspondent to a number of German papers. Founded the _Gegenwart_. Has written many dramas and novels in a vein of caustic satire and wit. Also well known as a translator of French comedies.

ERNST ECKSTEIN, born 1845 at Giessen. Wrote many satirical epics and literary essays. Founded the humorous paper _Der Schalk_. Well known through his comedies and dramas, and as a prolific novelist.

JULIUS STETTENHEIM, born at Hamburg, 1831, now living at Berlin. Editor of the _Wespen_ and of _Humoristisches Deutschland_. Wrote numberless _humoresques_, of which _Wippchen’s sämtliche Kriegsberichte_ is best known.

JOHANNES SCHERR, born 1817, at Hohenrechberg. After studying at Zürich and Tübingen, he taught for a while at Stuttgart, and took a prominent part in Liberal politics. In 1849 he fled to Switzerland on account of political difficulties, and in 1860, after an interval of literary activity, was made Professor of History and Literature at Zürich. His most prominent works are a number of histories dealing with certain tendencies and developments of civilisation. He also wrote humorous and other stories.

BABETTE VON BÜLOW (contemporary) writes under the _nom-de-plume_ of Hans Arnold. Born at Warmbrunn, in 1850. Has written a number of stories, the subjects being mostly of child-life.

THE WALTER SCOTT PRESS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

_Cloth Elegant, Large Crown 8vo, Price ³⁄₆ per vol._

INTERNATIONAL HUMOUR.

EDITED BY W. H. DIRCKS.

_Each Volume will contain from 50 to 70 Illustrations and from 350 to 500 pages._

IN each of these volumes the object will be to give an anthology of the humorous literature of the particular nation dealt with. France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, and Holland will each have their respective volumes; England, Ireland, and Scotland will each be represented, as will also America and Japan. ‘From China to Peru’ the globe will be traversed in search of its jokes, in so far as they have recorded themselves in literature. The word Humour admits of many interpretations; for the purposes of this Series it has been interpreted in its broadest generic sense, to cover humour in all its phases as it has manifested itself among the various nationalities. Necessarily founded on a certain degree of scholarly knowledge, these volumes, while appealing to the literary reader, will nevertheless, it is hoped, in the inherent attractiveness and variety of their contents, appeal successfully and at once to the interest of readers of all classes. Starting from the early periods of each literature--in Italy, for instance, from the fourteenth century, with Boccaccio, Sacchetti, and Parabosco; in France with the amusing Fabliaux of the thirteenth century; in Germany from Hans Sachs; characteristic sketches, stories, and extracts from contemporary European and other writers whose genius is especially that of humour or _esprit_ will be given. Indicating and suggesting a view and treatment of national life from a particular standpoint, each volume will contain matter suggestive of the development of a special and important phase of national spirit and character,--namely, the humorous. Proverbs and maxims, folk-wit, and folk-tales notable for their pith and humour, will have their place; the eccentricities of modern newspaper humour will not be overlooked. Each volume will be well and copiously illustrated; in many cases artists of the nationalities of the literatures represented will illustrate the volumes. To each volume will be prefixed an Introduction critically disengaging and marking the qualities and phases of the national humour dealt with; and to each will be appended Notes, biographical and explanatory.

INTERNATIONAL HUMOUR.

_Cloth Elegant, Large Crown 8vo, Price ³⁄₆ per vol._

Among the early Volumes will be the following:--

THE HUMOUR OF FRANCE. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by Elizabeth Lee. With numerous Illustration by Paul Frénzeny.

THE HUMOUR OF GERMANY. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by Hans Müller-Casenov. With numerous Illustrations by C. E. Brock.

THE HUMOUR OF ITALY. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by A. Werner. With 50 Illustrations and a Frontispiece by Arturo Faldi.

THE HUMOUR OF RUSSIA. Translated, with Notes, by E. L. Boole, and an Introduction by Stepniak. With 50 Illustrations by Paul Frénzeny.

THE HUMOUR OF HOLLAND. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by A. Werner. With Numerous Illustrations.

THE HUMOUR OF SPAIN. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by S. Taylor. With numerous Illustrations.

THE HUMOUR OF AMERICA. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by J. Barr (of the _Detroit Free Press_). With numerous Illustrations by C. E. Brock.

To be followed by volumes representative of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, IRELAND, JAPAN, etc. The Series will be complete in about twelve volumes.

LONDON: WALTER SCOTT, LTD., 24 WARWICK LANE.

SPECIMEN ILLUSTRATION.

DOCTOR RAPPASS: “OF COURSE. YOU MUST ALWAYS OPERATE.”]

LONDON: WALTER SCOTT, LTD., 24 WARWICK LANE.

_AUTHORIZED VERSION._

_Crown 8vo, Cloth, Price 6s._

PEER GYNT: A Dramatic Poem. BY HENRIK IBSEN.

TRANSLATED BY WILLIAM AND CHARLES ARCHER.

_This Translation, though unrhymed, preserves throughout the various rhythms of the original._

“In _Brand_ the hero is an embodied protest against the poverty of spirit and half-heartedness that Ibsen rebelled against in his countrymen. In _Peer Gynt_ the hero is himself the embodiment of that spirit. In _Brand_ the fundamental antithesis, upon which, as its central theme, the drama is constructed, is the contrast between the spirit of compromise on the one hand, and the motto ‘everything or nothing’ on the other. And _Peer Gynt_ is the very incarnation of a compromising dread of decisive committal to any one course. In _Brand_ the problem of self-realisation and the relation of the individual to his surroundings is obscurely struggling for recognition, and in _Peer Gynt_ it becomes the formal theme upon which all the fantastic variations of the drama are built up. In both plays alike the problems of heredity and the influence of early surroundings are more than touched upon; and both alike culminate in the doctrine that the only redeeming power on earth or in heaven is the power of love.”--Mr. P. H. WICKSTEED.

London: WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, 24 Warwick Lane.

_Foolscap 8vo, Cloth, Price 3s. 6d._

THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL (Or “REVIZÓR.”)

A RUSSIAN COMEDY.

BY NIKOLAI VASILIYEVICH GOGOL.

Translated from the original Russian, with Introduction and Notes, by A. A. SYKES, B.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.

Though one of the most brilliant and characteristic of Gogol’s works, and well-known on the Continent, the present is the first translation of his _Revizór_, or Inspector-General, which has appeared in English. A satire on Russian administrative functionaries, the _Revizór_ is a comedy marked by continuous gaiety and invention, full of “situation,” each development of the story accentuating the satire and emphasising the characterisation, the whole play being instinct with life and interest. Every here and there occurs the note of caprice, of naïveté, of unexpected fancy, characteristically Russian. The present translation will be found to be admirably fluent, idiomatic, and effective.

London: WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, 24 Warwick Lane.

IBSEN’S FAMOUS PROSE DRAMAS.

EDITED BY WILLIAM ARCHER.

Complete in Five Vols. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Price ³⁄₆ each. Set of Five Vols., in Case, ¹⁷⁄₆; in Half Morocco, in Case, ³²⁄₆.

“_We seem at last to be shown men and women as they are; and at first it is more than we can endure.... All Ibsen’s characters speak and act as if they were hypnotised, and under their creator’s imperious demand to reveal themselves. There never was such a mirror held up to nature before: it is too terrible.... Yet we must return to Ibsen, with his remorseless surgery, his remorseless electric-light, until we, too, have grown strong and learned to face the naked--if necessary, the flayed and bleeding--reality._”--SPEAKER (London).

VOL. I. “A DOLL’S HOUSE,” “THE LEAGUE OF YOUTH,” and “THE PILLARS OF SOCIETY.” With Portrait of the Author, and Biographical Introduction by WILLIAM ARCHER.

VOL. II. “GHOSTS,” “AN ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE,” and “THE WILD DUCK.” With an Introductory Note.

VOL. III. “LADY INGER OF ÖSTRÅT,” “THE VIKINGS AT HELGELAND,” “THE PRETENDERS.” With an Introductory Note and Portrait of Ibsen.

VOL. IV. “EMPEROR AND GALILEAN.” With an Introductory Note by WILLIAM ARCHER.

VOL. V. “ROSMERSHOLM,” “THE LADY FROM THE SEA,” “HEDDA GABLER.” Translated by WILLIAM ARCHER. With an Introductory Note.

The sequence of the plays _in each volume_ is chronological; the complete set of volumes comprising the dramas thus presents them in chronological order.

“The art of prose translation does not perhaps enjoy a very high literary status in England, but we have no hesitation in numbering the present version of Ibsen, so far as it has gone (Vols. I. and II.), among the very best achievements, in that kind, of our generation.”--_Academy._

“We have seldom, if ever, met with a translation so absolutely idiomatic.”--_Glasgow Herald._

LONDON: WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, 24 WARWICK LANE.

Crown 8vo, about 350 pp. each, Cloth Cover, 2s. 6d per vol.

Half-polished Morocco, gilt top, 5s.

COUNT TOLSTOÏ’S WORKS.

The following Volumes are already issued--

A RUSSIAN PROPRIETOR.
THE COSSACKS.
IVAN ILYITCH, AND OTHER STORIES.
MY RELIGION.
LIFE.
MY CONFESSION.
CHILDHOOD, BOYHOOD, YOUTH.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF WAR.
ANNA KARÉNINA. 3s. 6d.
WHAT TO DO?
WAR AND PEACE. (4 VOLS.)
THE LONG EXILE, AND OTHER STORIES FOR CHILDREN.
SEVASTOPOL.
THE KREUTZER SONATA, AND FAMILY. HAPPINESS.

Uniform with the above.

IMPRESSIONS OF RUSSIA.

BY DR. GEORG BRANDES.

London: WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, 24 Warwick Lane.

NEW TWO-VOLUME SETS, IN NEW BROCADE BINDING.

_4s. PER SET, IN SHELL CASE TO MATCH._

MALORY’S HISTORY OF KING ARTHUR 2 Vols.

ENGLISH FAIRY TALES }
IRISH FAIRY TALES } ”

HEINE’S PROSE }
HEINE’S TRAVEL-SKETCHES } ”

WHITE’S SELBORNE }
MITFORD’S OUR VILLAGE } ”

WHITMAN’S SPECIMEN DAYS }
WHITMAN’S DEMOCRATIC VISTAS } ”

London: WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, 24 Warwick Lane.

NEW EDITION IN NEW BINDING.

In the new edition there are added about forty reproductions In fac-simile of autographs of distinguished singers and instrumentalists, including Sarasate, Joachim, Sir Charles Hallé, Paderewsky, Stavenhagen, Henschel, Trebelli, Miss Macintyre, Jean Gérardy, etc.

* * * * *

_Quarto, cloth elegant, gilt edges, emblematic design on cover, 6s. May also be had in a variety of Fancy Bindings._

THE MUSIC OF THE POETS: A MUSICIANS’ BIRTHDAY BOOK.

EDITED BY ELEONORE D’ESTERRE KEELING.

THIS is a unique Birthday Book. Against each date are given the names of musicians whose birthday it is, together with a verse-quotation appropriate to the character of their different compositions or performances. A special feature of the book consists in the reproduction in fac-simile of autographs, and autographic music, of living composers. Three sonnets by Mr. Theodore Watts, on the “Fausts” of Berlioz, Schumann, and Gounod, have been written specially for this volume. It is illustrated with designs of various musical instruments, etc.; autographs of Rubenstein, Dvorâk, Greig, Mackenzie, Villiers Stanford, etc., etc.

London: WALTER SCOTT, LTD., 24 Warwick Lane.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Scaramuccio and Pierrot represent species of buffoons of the early theatre.--ED.

[2] This was a thrust at Göttingen, which town Heine here couples with six others, notorious as the local scenes in comic literature.

[3] The name of a gigantic cask of wine of 1624, one of the special sights of the Bremen Rathskeller. It is tapped only on great occasions, and in 1870 the town of Bremen sent a number of bottles of this wine to the Emperor William and Prince Bismarck at Versailles, as a valuable gift of honour.--ED.

[4] The Devil is the speaker.

[5] Even at the present day persons conspicuously marked in a student’s fray are not allowed to enter the theological profession, unless there is a fair prospect that the scar may be hidden under a prospective beard.

[6] The Duke was a pronounced woman-hater, and objected most vehemently to the contraction of marriages by persons in any way connected with his little court. The Konrektor intended to profit by this interview as a means of influencing the Duke in favour of a young runner who had been imprisoned for the crime of making love.

[7] Reuter and his companions were at this time political prisoners at the fort of Dömitz, in Mecklenburg, his sentence of death having been converted into one of thirty years’ imprisonment.

[8] In a previous number of the _Salon_ Lindau had published a keenly satirical article on Professor Minckwitz’s writings, culminating in a parody on his style, entitled, “The Death of a Youthful Hero,” and purporting to be an extract from the professor’s epic poem.

[9] A modern German Literature written by Professor Minckwitz.

[10] Vulgar for Nichto, nothing.

[11] _Carcer_, a place of imprisonment common to German gymnasiums and universities.

[12] A small town near Berlin.

Corrections

p. 40

FRAU MONGENROTH.
FRAU MORGENROTH.

p. 165

toward Neu-Bradenburg,
toward Neu-Brandenburg,

p. 168

“_Oh, thou monster!_” said Langwickel
“_Oh, thou monster!_” said Langnickel

p. 246

Barbara walked slowly away to make up the beds in the _refenetle_.
Barbara walked slowly away to make up the beds in the _rafenetle_.

p. 318

It is unnecessay to say anything It is unnecessary to say anything

p. 373

could scarcely he regarded
could scarcely be regarded