Chapter I: Front Matter

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E-text prepared by Malcolm Farmer, Julia12000, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries (http://www.archive.org/details/toronto)

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http://www.archive.org/details/ifsofhistory00chamuoft

THE IFS OF HISTORY

by

JOSEPH EDGAR CHAMBERLIN

Philadelphia Henry Altemus Company

Copyright, 1907, by Howard E. Altemus

CONTENTS

I. IF THEMISTOCLES HAD NOT BEATEN
ARISTIDES IN AN ATHENIAN ELECTION 13

II. IF THE MOORS HAD WON THE
BATTLE OF TOURS 21

III. IF KING ETHELRED OF ENGLAND
HAD NOT MARRIED THE NORMAN
EMMA 30

IV. IF COLUMBUS HAD KEPT HIS
STRAIGHT COURSE WESTWARD 37

V. IF QUEEN ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND
HAD LEFT A SON OR DAUGHTER 47

VI. IF THE PHILARMONIA HAD NOT
GIVEN CONCERTS AT VICENZA 56

VII. IF THE SPANISH ARMADA HAD
SAILED AT ITS APPOINTED TIME 64

VIII. IF CHAMPLAIN HAD TARRIED IN
PLYMOUTH BAY 71

IX. IF CHARLES II HAD ACCEPTED THE
KINGSHIP OF VIRGINIA 79

X. IF ADMIRAL PENN HAD PERSISTED IN
DISOWNING HIS SON WILLIAM 91

XI. IF THE BOY GEORGE WASHINGTON
HAD BECOME A BRITISH MIDSHIPMAN 99

XII. IF ALEXANDER HAMILTON HAD NOT
WRITTEN ABOUT THE HURRICANE 107

XIII. IF LAFAYETTE HAD HELD THE
FRENCH REIGN OF TERROR IN
CHECK 114

XIV. IF GILBERT LIVINGSTON HAD NOT
VOTED NEW YORK INTO THE
UNION 121

XV. IF THE PIRATE JEAN LAFITTE HAD
JOINED THE BRITISH AT NEW
ORLEANS 129

XVI. IF JAMES MACDONNEL HAD NOT
CLOSED THE GATES OF HUGOMONT
CASTLE 138

XVII. IF ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S FATHER
HAD MOVED SOUTHWARD, NOT
NORTHWARD 150

XVIII. IF SKIPPER JENNINGS HAD NOT RESCUED
CERTAIN SHIPWRECKED
JAPANESE 160

XIX. IF ORSINI'S BOMB HAD NOT FAILED
TO DESTROY NAPOLEON III 170

XX. IF PRESIDENT JAMES BUCHANAN HAD
ENFORCED THE LAW IN NOVEMBER,
1860 176

XXI. IF THE CONFEDERATES HAD MARCHED
ON WASHINGTON AFTER BULL
RUN 185

XXII. IF THE CONFEDERATE STATES HAD
PURCHASED THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S
FLEET IN 1861 194