Chapter II: The Moral Governor

A.—_The Greek Idea._

1. Unity of God and Unity of the world: will and order 209

Order, number, necessity and destiny: intelligent force
and law 209-211

The Cosmos as a city-state (πόλις) 211, 212

2. New conceptions of the Divine Nature: _Justice_ and
_Goodness_ in connection with Providence 213-215

Thus about the Christian era we find Destiny and Providence,
and a tendency to synthesis—through two stages—in the use
of the term God 215-217

3. The problem of evil emerges: attempts at solution.

(_a_) Universality of Providence denied (Platonic and Oriental) 217

(_b_) Reality of apparent evils denied (Stoic) 217-220

This not pertinent to moral evil, hence:

(_c_) Theory of human freedom 220, 221

Its relation to Universality of Providence: the Stoical
theodicy exemplified in Epictetus 221-223

B.—_The Christian Idea._

Primitive Christianity a contrast: two main conceptions.

1. Wages for work done 224

2. Positive Law—God a Lawgiver and Judge 225

Difficulties in fusing the two types.

(i.) Forgiveness and Law 226

Marcion’s ditheism 227, 228

Solution in Irenæus, Tertullian, &c.: result 228-230

(ii.) The Moral Governor and Free-will.

Marcion’s dualistic view of moral evil 230, 231

Justin Martyr, Tatian, Irenæus 231, 232

Tertullian and the Alexandrines 232

Origen’s comprehensive theodicy by aid of Stoicism
and Neo-Platonism 233-237

LECTURE IX.

GREEK AND CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY.