Chapter XXV (3)

"It has long been a favorite object with me to furnish a
translation of the Holy Scriptures for unlearned readers,
which should accurately express the meaning of the original
by the aids of modern scholarship in the style and manner of
the early English versions. The translation is intended,
therefore, for the benefit of the common reader of the
Scriptures, to aid him in more clearly understanding them
wherever our common version is for any reason obscure. In
other words, it is to do directly by a translation what has
long been attempted by the awkward and circuitous method of
a commentary; viz. to make the Scriptures plain to the
unlearned reader. I should for many reasons regard it as
undesirable, and it certainly is impracticable, to supplant
the common version to any extent as the received version for
the church and the people, or the common English Bible and
common standard of appeal for those who use only the English
language."

Dr. Conant will preserve as nearly as may be the manner of the old translations, endeavoring only to combine the fidelity and exactness of modern scholarship with the simplicity and strength of the common version. To such an effort, by such a man, we see no objections. The reputation most at stake is that of Dr. Conant himself, and those who know him do not fear that that will suffer. It will at least be interesting to mark the differences between his renderings and those of King James's translators.

* * * * *

Mr. Putnam publishes for the coming holidays a new impression of the _Memorial_, which is incomparably the most interesting literary miscellany ever printed as a gift-book in this country. The proceeds of the sale, it is known, are to be appropriated for the erection of a monument to the late Mrs. Osgood, in Mount Auburn Cemetery. The book is made up of original articles by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Chancellor Walworth, N. P. Willis, Bishop Doane, G. P. R. James, S. G. Goodrich, John Neal, W. G. Simms, Richard B. Kimball, George P. Morris, Dr. Mayo, Mrs. Sigourney, Mrs. Embury, Mrs. Oakes Smith, Mrs. Hewitt, Mrs. Lynch, and indeed all the best and most brilliant writers of the time; and it is beautifully illustrated.

* * * * *

The well-known private library of the late Rev. Dr. SAMUEL FARMER JARVIS is to be sold in this city, by Messrs. Lyman & Rawdon, about the beginning of October. In several departments of sacred and classical literature it is one of the finest collections in America, and it will probably attract large numbers of buyers, especially from among the lovers of mediaeval scholarship and theology.

* * * * *

MR. MITCHELL'S new book, the _Diary of a Dreamer_, is in press by Charles Scribner, and the same publisher will issue for the holidays an edition of the _Reveries of a Bachelor_, admirably illustrated by Darley, who seems indeed never to have done better than in some of his designs for it.

* * * * *

MR. LONGFELLOW has in the press of Ticknor, Reed and Fields, of Boston, a new poem, entitled _The Golden Legend_. It is the longest of his poetical works, making some 350 pages, and will soon be given to the public.

* * * * *

There is this year a very remarkable number of new books illustrative of the applications of science to mechanics. Every man seems determined to master the learning which can be turned to account in his vocation, and the booksellers are quite willing to aid them. We suppose the most generally and importantly useful work of this kind ever printed is Appleton's _Dictionary of Machinery, Mechanics, Engine Work, and Engineering_, just completed in two very large compactly printed and profusely illustrated octavo volumes. In this great work are gathered the best results of the study and experiment of the workers of the world. It is a cyclopedia of inventions, in which one may be sure of finding described the best processes yet discovered for doing every thing that is to be done by means of mechanics. The benefits conferred on the country by this publication must be very great; its general circulation would mark a new period in our physical advancement, and to a degree influence our civilization, since there is no country in the world in which every resource is so readily applied to purposes of comfort and culture. If knowledge is power, as, misquoting Lord Bacon, it is every day asserted, the truth is most conspicuous in the range of those arts and occupations illustrated by these incomparable volumes, which should be in the house of every man who has already provided himself with the Bible and Shakspere. The Appletons also publish a _Mechanics' Magazine_, edited in a very admirable manner, and we understand it is largely sold.

Next to the Appletons, we believe the largest publisher in this line is Henry C. Baird, of Philadelphia, who has now in press a _Handbook of Locomotive Engineers_, by SEPTIMUS NORRIS, of the celebrated house, Norris & Brother, engine manufactures; _The Practical Metal Worker's Assistant_, by M. HOLTZAPHFEL, illustrated with many engravings, and enlarged by the addition of American matters; SCOTT's _Cotton Spinner_, thoroughly revised by an American editor; a new edition of Mr. OVERMAN's important book on _Iron; The Practical Model Calculator_, for the engineer, machinest, manufacturer, &c., by Mr. BYRNE, (to be issued in twelve semi-monthly numbers); a _Treatise on the American Steam-Engine_, by the same author; and several other books of this class.

* * * * *

The Appletons will publish in a few weeks _The Women of Early Christianity_, one of that series of splendidly illustrated volumes composed of _Our Saviour and his Apostles_, _The Women of the Bible, &c._

* * * * *

BRAITHWAITE'S _Retrospect of Practical Medicine_, in consequence of an arrangement just entered into, will hereafter be published by Stringer & Townsend, who will issue it with promptness, correctness, and general mechanical excellence.

* * * * *

James Munroe & Co. of Boston are proceeding regularly with Mr. HUDSON's excellent edition of Shakspeare, and they have lately issued among several handsome volumes an edition of the works of George Herbert. They have in press _The Philippics of Demosthenes_, with notes critical and explanatory, by Professor M. J. Smead; _The Camel Hunt_, a narrative of personal adventures, by Joseph Warren Fabius; _Companions of my Solitude_, by the author of "Friends in Council," &c., &c.; _The Greek Girl_, and other poems, by James W. Simmons; _Epitaphs_, taken from Copp's Hill Burying Ground in Boston, by Thomas Bridgman; and _Domestic Pets_, their habits and management, with illustrative anecdotes, by Mrs. Loudon.

* * * * *

The second and concluding volume of the _Life of Calvin_, by Dr. HENRY, has just been issued by Carter & Brothers, and it is quite equal in every respect to the first volume. Such a careful history was well-deserved of a Christian whom even Voltaire admitted to be one in the list of the world's twenty greatest men, and it was especially needed for the vindication of one who had in so extraordinary a degree been a subject of partisan hatred and calumny.

* * * * *

DR. WILLIAM R. WILLIAMS of this city has just published a volume of _Lectures on the Lord's Prayer_, (Gould & Lincoln, Boston,) which we shall notice more appropriately hereafter. At present we can only remark that it is a work of extraordinary merit, worthy of an author whose abilities and virtues render his name illustrious.

* * * * *

The Rev. Dr. WAINWRIGHT has in the press of the Appletons a work descriptive of his Travels in Egypt. It will appear in a large and luxuriously embellished volume, some time before Christmas.

* * * * *

The third, fourth, and fifth volumes of the _Works of John Adams_ have been issued by Little and Brown, and the fifth and sixth volumes of the _Works of Alexander Hamilton_, by C. S. Francis.

* * * * *

Mr. FREDERIC SAUNDERS is publishing in the _New-York Recorder_ a series of papers under the title of _Bookcraft_ which will make a volume not unworthy of D'Israeli.

* * * * *

M. W. DODD has published a new edition of CRUDEN's great _Concordance of the Bible_, a book which every body knows is perfect in its kind.

* * * * *

Jewett & Co. have in press the works of the Rev. LYMAN BEECHER, D.D. which they will publish in some half-dozen octavo volumes.

* * * * *

The approaching Trade Sales will be the largest ever held in New-York.

FOOTNOTES:

[14] Rene Taillandier, Professor of Belles Lettres at the College of Montpellier, declared by the _Allgemeine Zeitung_ to be more familiar with German politics and literature than any other Frenchman living.

_The Fine Arts._

POWERS, in a letter to a friend in this city, says with satirical humor, of his favorite work, "Eve is an old-fashioned body, and not so well formed and attractive as are her granddaughters,--at least some of them. She wears her hair in a natural and most primitive manner, drawn back from the temples, and hanging loose behind, thus exposing those very ugly features in women. _Her waist is quite too large for our modern notions of beauty_, and her feet, they are so very broad and large! And did ever one see such long toes! they have never been wedged into form by the nice and pretty little shoes worn by her lovely descendents. But Eve is very stiff and unyielding in her disposition: _she will not allow her waist to be reduced by bandaging, because she is far more comfortable as she is_, and besides, she has _some regard for her health, which might suffer from such restraints upon her lungs, heart, liver, &c., &c., &c._ I could never prevail upon her to wear modern shoes, for she dreads corns, which, she says, are neither convenient nor ornamental. But some allowance ought to be made for these crude notions of hers,--founded as they are in the prejudices and absurdities of _primitive_ days. Taking all these things into consideration, I think it best that she should not be exhibited, as it might subject me to censure, and severe criticisms, and these, too, without pecuniary reward."

* * * * *

After the death of WORDSWORTH, a committee was formed among his friends for the purpose of setting up a tablet to his memory in Grassmere Church, where he is buried. The work intrusted to Mr. Thomas Woolner, has been completed. Surmounted by a band of laurel leaves is the inscription, written by Professor Keble; under which the poet's head is sculptured in relief. The likeness to the man has received praise from persons whose verdict is final; the intellectual likeness to the poet will be more widely appreciated, and recognized with cordial admiration. The meditative lines of the face, the thoughtful forehead and eye, the compressed, sensitive mouth, are rendered with refined intelligence. In two narrow spaces at each side of the head, are introduced the crocus and celandine, and the snowdrop and violet, treated with a rare union of natural beauty and sculpturesque method and subordination. Throughout, the delicately studied execution shows that the work has been a labor of love.

* * * * *

LEUTZE'S great historical picture of Washington Crossing the Delaware before the Battle of Trenton, has been received in this city by Messrs. Goupil & Co. and will soon be exhibited to the public. These publishers will give us a large and fine engraving of it.

* * * * *

GREENOUGH'S noble group for the capitol, upon which he has been engaged nearly twenty years, is so nearly finished that it may be expected in the United States before the end of November. The subject is a contrast of the Anglo-Saxon with the Indian. The group is composed of an American Hunter, in the act of seizing an Indian who was about to tomahawk a mother and her infant. The white man has approached the savage from behind, and, having seized him by the arms, and pressed him with bending knees to the ground, stands frowning above his subjugated foe, who, with his head thrown back, gazes upward at his conqueror with surprise and terror. At their feet a woman, pressing a child to her bosom, sinks in alarm and agony. The effect is very imposing, having something of the dignity and grandeur which belong to the works of Michael Angelo. In Italy the work has much increased Greenough's previous great reputation.

* * * * *

A monument is to be erected at Dresden to the composer VON WEBER. To defray the expenses, performances are to be given at the various theatres in Germany, and the proceeds formed into a fund for that purpose. Large sums are expected from this source, as also from private contributions throughout Europe. The monument is to be surmounted by a statue of the composer, by Rietschel, who was an intimate friend of his. It will be of bronze, eight feet high, and placed on a pedestal of the same metal, ornamented with bas-reliefs. The site chosen for its erection is immediately opposite the principal entrance to the Royal Theatre of Dresden.

* * * * *

The distinguished painter CORNELIUS has been solicited by the Belgian Academy of Art to send the grand cartoons on which he is employed, to the great Belgian Exhibition. Cornelius, however, fears to risk these drawings, the work of ten years, on a journey of such length, since their loss could not be replaced. They already fill two large halls, and will remain a lasting monument of the painter's genius, even if the Cathedral, in which they are to appear as frescoes, should not be erected during his life.

* * * * *

The publication of a work entitled _The Twelve Virgins of Raphael_, has been commenced in Paris. It will be in twelve numbers, each containing an engraving and letter-press description and history.

* * * * *

A sculptor of Paris has received orders from the Greek Government to execute marble busts of Admirals de Rigny and Codington, to be placed in the Salle where the Senate holds its sittings.

_Historical Review of the Month._

THE UNITED STATES.

The August elections, though in general not very warmly contested, have attracted much attention. We have attempted, in the following carefully prepared table, to exhibit the results, as well as the character of the next Congress at large--a task somewhat difficult on account of the diversity of parties and the frequent disregard which has been shown for old divisions:--

XXXII CONGRESS--SENATE.

_Commenced March 4, 1851, and ends March 4, 1852._

_Term Expires._

ALABAMA. JEREMIAH CLEMENS, 1853 William R. King, S. R. 1855

ARKANSAS. Wm. K. Sebastian, S. R., 1853 SOLON BORLAND. 1855

CALIFORNIA. WM. M. GWINN, 1855 Elean Heydenfeldt, L. R.[A] 1857

CONNECTICUT. _Truman Smith_, 1855 A vacancy. 1857

DELAWARE. _Presley Spruance_, 1855 James A. Bayard, L. R. 1857

FLORIDA. JACKSON MORTON,[B] 1855 STEPHEN R. MALLORY.[A] 1857

GEORGIA. _John McP. Berrien_, S. R.,[C] 1853 WM. C. DAWSON.[B] 1855

INDIANA. James Whitcomb, L. R., 1855 JESSE D. BRIGHT. 1857

ILLINOIS. Stephen A. Douglas, 1853 James Shields, L. R. 1855

IOWA. George W. Jones, L. R., 1853 Augustus C. Dodge, L. R. 1855

KENTUCKY. _Joseph R. Underwood,_ 1853 _Henry Clay._ 1855

LOUISIANA. SOL. W. DOWNS, 1853 Pierre Soule, S. R. 1855

MAINE. James W. Bradbury, 1853 Hannibal Hamlin, F. S. 1857

MARYLAND. _James A. Pierce,_ 1855 _Thomas G. Pratt._ 1857

MASSACHUSETTS. _John Davis_, 1853 Charles Sumner, F. S. 1857

MISSISSIPPI. HENRY S. FOOTE, 1853 Jefferson Davis, S. R. 1857

MICHIGAN. ALPHEUS FELCH, 1853 Lewis Cass. 1857

MISSOURI. David R. Atchison, S. R., 1855 HEN. S. GEYER.[B] 1857

NEW HAMPSHIRE. John P. Hale, F. S., 1853 MOSES HARRIS, jr. 1855

NEW-YORK. _William H. Seward,_ 1855 _Hamilton Fish._ 1857

NEW JERSEY. _Jacob W. Miller_, 1853 ROBERT F. STOCKTON. 1857

NORTH CAROLINA. _Willie P. Mangum,_ 1853 _George E. Badger._ 1855

OHIO. Salmon P. Chase, F. S., 1855 _B. Franklin Wade_. 1857

PENNSYLVANIA. _James Cooper_, 1853 RICHARD BRODHEAD, jr. 1857

RHODE ISLAND. _John H. Clarke_, 1853 Charles T. Jarves, L. R. 1857

SOUTH CAROLINA. R. Barnwell Rhett (Sec.), 1853 A. P. Butler, S. R. 1855

TENNESSEE. _John Bell_, 1853 A vacancy. 1857

TEXAS. Sam Houston, 1853 Thomas J. Rusk. 1857

VERMONT. _William Upham,_ 1853 _Solomon Foote._ 1857

VIRGINIA. Robert M. T. Hunter, 1853 James M. Mason. 1857

WISCONSIN. Isaac P. Walker, 1855 Henry Dodge. 1857

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

ALABAMA. 1. John Bragg, S. R., 2. JAMES ABERCROMBIE,[B] 3. Sampson W. Harris, S. R., 4. WM. R. SMITH, 5. GEO. S. HOUSTON, 6. W. R. W. COBB, 7. ALEX WHITE.[B]

ARKANSAS. ----

CALIFORNIA. ---- ----

CONNECTICUT. 1. _Charles Chapman_, 2. C. M. INGERSOLL,[B] 3. Chauncey F. Cleveland, F. S., 4. O. S. SEYMOUR.[B]

DELAWARE. 1. George Read Riddle, L. R.

FLORIDA. _Edward C. Cabell, L. R._

GEORGIA. 1. ----, 2. ----, 3. ----, 4. ----, 5. ----, 6. ----, 7. ----, 8. ----.

ILLINOIS. 1. Wm. H. Bissell, L. R., 2. Willis Allen, L. R., 3. O. R. Ficklin, L. R., 4. R. S. Maloney, F. S., 5. Wm. A. Richardson, L. R., 6. T. Campbell, F. S., 7. _Richard Yates_.

INDIANA. 1. James Lockhart, 2. Cyrus L. Dunham, L. R., 3. John L. Robinson, 4. _Samuel W. Parker_, 5. Thomas H. Hendricks, L. R., 6. Willis A. Gorman, 7. John G. Davis, F. S., 8. Daniel Mace, F. S., 9. Graham N. Fitch, 10. _Samuel Brenton_.

IOWA. 1. Lincoln Clark, L. R., 2. Bernhardt Henn, L. R.

KENTUCKY. 1. LINN BOYD, 2. _Ben. Edward Grey, L. R._, 3. _Presley Ewing_, 4. _William T. Ward_, 5. James N. Stone (rep.), 6. _Addison White_, 7. _Humphrey Marshall_, 8. John C. Breckenridge, L. R., 9. John C. Mason, 10. Richard H. Stanton.

LOUISIANA. 1. ----, 2. ----, 3. ----, 4. ----.

MAINE. 1. Moses McDonald, L. R., 2. John Appleton,[A] 3. _Robert Goodenow_, 4. Charles Andrews, F. S., 5. Ephraim K. Smart, F. S., 6. _Israel Washburn, jr._, 7. THOMAS J. D. FULLER.

MARYLAND. 1. ----, 2. ----, 3. ----, 4. ----, 5. ----, 6. ----.

MASSACHUSETTS. 1. _William Appleton_, 2. Robert Rantoul, jr., F. S., 3. _James H. Duncan_, 4. _B. Thompson_, 5. _Charles Allen, F. S._, 6. George T. Davis, 7. John Z. Goodrich, 8. Horace Mann, F. S., 9. _Oron Fowler_, 10. _Zeno Scudder_.

MICHIGAN. 1. _Ebenezer J. Penniman, F. S._, 2. Charles E. Stuart, L. R., 3. _James L. Conger, F. S._

MISSISSIPPI. 1. ----, 2. ----, 3. ----, 4. ----.

MISSOURI. 1. _John F. Darby_, 2. _Gilchrist Porter_, 3. _John G. Miller_, 4. Willard P. Hall, Anti-Benton, 5. John S. Phelps, Benton.

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1. _Amos Tuck_, 2. CHARLES H. PEASLEE, 3. _Jared Perkins_, 4. Harry Hibbard, L. R.

NEW JERSEY. 1. Nathan T. Stratten, 2. Charles D. Skelton, L. R., 3. ISAAC WILDRICK, 4. George H. Brown, 5. Rodman M. Price, L. R.

NEW-YORK. 1. John G. Floyd, F. S., 2. _Obadiah Bowne_, 3. Emanuel B. Hart, L. R., 4. _J. H. Hobart Haws_, 5. _George Briggs_, 6. _James Brooks_, 7. Abraham P. Stevens, L. R., 8. Gilbert Dean, F. S., 9. William Murray, F. S., 10. _Marius Schoonmaker_, 11. Josiah Sutherland, F. S., 12. David L. Seymour, L. R., 13. _John L. Schoolcraft_, 14. _John H. Boyd_, 15. Joseph Russell, F. S., 16. _John Wells_, 17. Alexander H. Buel, F. S., 18. Preston King, F. S., 19. Willard Ives, F. S., 20. Timothy Jenkins, F. S., 21. William W. Snow, F. S., 22. _Henry Bennett_, 23. Leander Babcock, F. S., 24. Daniel T. Jones, F. S., 25. Thomas Y. How, Jr., F. S., 26. _Henry S. Walbridge_, 27. _William A. Sacket_, 28. _Ab. M. Schermerhorn_, 29. _Jerediah Horsford_, 30. Reuben Robie, F. S., 31. _Frederick S. Martin_, 32. _Solomon G. Haven_, 33. _Aug. P. Hascall_, 34. _Lorenzo Burrows_.

NORTH CAROLINA. 1. _Thomas L. Clingman_,[C] 2. _Joseph P. Caldwell, L. R._, 3. _Alfred Dackery_, 4. _James T. Morehead_, 5. Abraham W. Venable, S. R., L. R., 6. John R. J. Daniel, S. R., 7. WILLIAM S. ASHE, 8. _Edward Stanley_, 9. _David Outlaw_.

OHIO. 1. David T. Disney, L. R., 2. _Lewis D. Campbell, L. R._, 3. _Hiram Bell_, 4. _Benjamin Stanton_, 5. Alfred P. Edgerton, 6. Frederick Green, 7. _Nelson Barrere_, 8. _John L. Taylor, L. R._, 9. Edson B. Olds, L. R., 10. Charles Sweetser, 11. George H. Busby, 12. _John Welsh_, 13. James M. Gaylord, 14. _Alexander Harper_, 15. _William F. Hunter_, 16. _John Johnson, Md. L. R._, 17. Joseph Cable, L. R., 18. David K. Cartter, 19. _Eben Newton, F. S._, 20. Josh R. Giddings, F. S., 21. N. S. Townshend, F. S., L. R.

PENNSYLVANIA. 1. Thomas B. Florence, L. R.,[A] 2. _Joseph R. Chandler_, 3. _Henry D. Moore_, L. R., 4. John Robbins, jr., L. R., 5. John McNair, 6. Thomas Ross, 7. John A. Morrison, L. R., 8. _Thaddeus Stevens_, 9. J. Glancy Jones, 10. Milo M. Dimmick, 11. _Henry M. Fuller_,[A] 12. Galusha A. Grow, F. S., 13. James Gamble, 14. _T. M. Bibighaus_, 15. William H. Kurtz, 16. J. X. McLanahan, 17. Andrew Parker, 18. John L. Dawson, 19. _Joseph H. Kuhns_, 20. _John Allison_, 21. _Thomas M. Howe_, 22. _John W. Howe_, 23. Carlton B. Curtis, L. R., 24. Alfred Gilmore, L. R.

RHODE ISLAND. 1. _George G. King_, 2. Benj. B. Thurston, F. S.

SOUTH CAROLINA. 1. Daniel Wallace, 2. James L. Orr, 3. Jos. A. Woodard, 4. John McQueen, 5. Armistead Burt, 6. William Aiken, 7. William F. Colcock.

TENNESSEE. 1. Andrew Johnson, L. R., 2. _Albert G. Watkins_, L. R., 3. _Josiah M. Anderson_, L. R., 4. John H. Savage, S. R., L. R., 5. GEORGE W. JONES, L. R., 6. William H. Polk, L. R., 7. _Meredith P. Gentry_, L. R., 8. _William Cullom_, 9. Isham G. Harris, S. R., L. R., 10. Frederick P. Stanton, L. R., 11. _Christopher H. Williams_, L. R.

TEXAS. 1. ----, 2. ----.

VERMONT. 1. _Ahiman L. Miner_, 2. _William Hebard_, 3. _James Meacham_, 4. Thos. Bartlett, jr., F. S.

VIRGINIA. 1. ----, 2. ----, 3. ----, 4. ----, 5. ----, 6. ----, 7. ----, 8. ----, 9. ----, 10. ----, 11. ----, 12. ----, 13. ----, 14. ----, 15. ----.

NEBRASKA. ----.

OREGON. 1. Joseph Lane, Ind. L. R.

WISCONSIN. 1. Charles Durkee, F. S., 2. Ben. C. Eastman, L. R., 3. James D. Doty, Md., F. S., L. R.

MINNESOTA. 1. H. H. Sibley, Ind.

NEW MEXICO. ----.

UTAH. ----.

Democrats, in Roman; Whigs, in _italics_; "Union"-men in
SMALL-CAPITALS.

[A] Seats contested. Whig Unionists marked with a [B]; Whig
Southern Rights with a [C]; F. S., Free Soil; L. R., Land
Reform.

So far as heard from, the Delegations from thirteen States
are Democratic; six are Whig; four tied. Arkansas and Texas
to hear from, and elections are to be held in the six
remaining States.

THE ELECTIONS FOR STATE OFFICERS.

ALABAMA.--Hon. HENRY W. COLLIER, a Southern Rights Democrat,
is re-elected Governor of this State.

TENNESSEE.--Gen. WILLIAM B. CAMPBELL, Union Whig, is elected
Governor of this State over the late Democratic incumbent,
Gen. William Trowsdale.

KENTUCKY.--Lazarus W. Powell (Democrat), it is reported is
elected Governor; a John B. Thompson, (Whig) Lieut.
Governor; and Rev. Robert J. Breckenridge, (Whig)
Superintendent of Public Instruction. Not much of a party
contest for the remaining State Officers. One Congressional
District (the 5th) in doubt as we go to press, the friends
of Clement S. Hill (Whig) hoping that he is elected, but
Stone has made gains enough to secure his election.

RECAPITULATION OF CONGRESS.

SENATE. HOUSE.

_States._ _Dem._ _Whig._ _Vac._ _Dem._ _Whig._ _Vac._

Alabama 2 0 0 5 2 0 Arkansas 2 0 0 0 0 1 California 2 0 0 0 0 2 Connecticut 1 0 1 3 1 0 Delaware 1 1 0 1 0 0 Florida 1 1 0 0 1 0 Georgia 0 2 0 0 0 8 Illinois 2 0 0 6 1 0 Indiana 2 0 0 8 2 0 Iowa 2 0 0 2 0 0 Kentucky 0 2 0 5 5 0 Louisiana 2 0 0 0 0 4 Maine 2 0 0 5 2 0 Maryland 0 2 0 0 0 6 Massachusetts 1 1 0 3 7 0 Michigan 2 0 0 1 2 0 Mississippi 2 0 0 0 0 4 Missouri 1 1 0 2 3 0 New Hampshire 2 0 0 2 2 0 New Jersey 1 1 0 4 1 0 New York 0 2 0 17 17 0 North Carolina 0 2 0 3 6 0 Ohio 1 1 0 11 10 0 Pennsylvania 1 1 0 15 9 0 Rhode Island 1 1 0 1 1 0 South Carolina 2 0 0 7 0 0 Tennessee 0 1 1 6 5 0 Texas 2 0 0 0 0 2 Vermont 0 2 0 1 3 0 Virginia 2 0 0 0 0 15 Wisconsin 2 0 0 3 0 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- Total, 39 21 2 111 80 42

In New-York, the Democratic party will meet in convention on the 10th of this present month of September, to prepare for approaching elections, and, on the following day, the United Whig party will hold its annual convention in the same city--the State Central Committee of both sections of it having united in a call for that purpose.

The Convention of Virginia, which has been sitting at Richmond during the last eight months, have at length agreed upon the form of a new Constitution for that State, and brought its session to a close. The Constitution has yet to be submitted to a vote of the people, but of its acceptance no doubt appears to be entertained. It is to be voted for on the 23d of October.

The President of the United States, accompanied by the Secretaries of War and Interior, has been received with much enthusiasm in various places in eastern Virginia, through which he passed on his way to the White Sulphur Springs. The Secretary of State has been passing a few weeks among the lakes and mountains of New Hampshire, where he will remain probably till October; and the Secretary of the Treasury has been detained by ill health at his residence in Ohio.

Reports from the various agricultural districts of the Union indicate that the wheat harvest of 1851 will be the heaviest ever raised. In New-York, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, the yield is very large, and the wheat excellent. In the Northern and Central Illinois, heavy rains have destroyed a portion of the crop, but in the Southern portion of the State it will be abundant. In Ohio, advices from all quarters of the State show that the wheat crop of the present season will be the largest ever grown in the State. In Iowa, the yield is indifferent. Of corn there will probably be an average crop. Potatoes in several parts of the country have suffered from the rot.

The cholera prevails to some extent in the valley of the Mississippi, and other parts of the Southern and Western States. Among the Sioux Indians it has been very fatal. The treaty just formed with the Sioux Indians, secures to the United States all the land in the entire valley of the Minnesota, and the eastern tributaries of the Sioux, estimated at 21,000,000 of acres.

From Texas, we learn that there has been great excitement at Rio Grande, in consequence of the Mexicans refusing to surrender a fugitive slave. It is said that 2,000 slaves have made their escape into Mexico.

There have been several arrivals from California, and by every one evidence has been furnished of a very unfortunate condition of affairs. Dissatisfied with the manner in which justice is executed, or perhaps with a view to the complete overthrow of the government, large numbers of men have associated themselves at San Francisco and elsewhere, and assumed all the functions of a magistracy, treating the constituted authorities with contempt, and, in secret assemblies, deciding questions of life and of all the highest interests of society. By their directions, several persons accused of crimes have been murdered, and all the officers of the law have been set at defiance. In other respects, the news from California and other parts of the Pacific coast is without remarkable features; the general prosperity continues in mining, agriculture, and trade; and such is the energy of the inhabitants of that city, that San Francisco has nearly recovered from the effects of the disastrous fires with which it has been visited. The arrival at New-York, on the 13th of August, of the steamer Prometheus, in 29 days from San Francisco, by the new route of Lake Nicaragua and the river San Juan, establishes the practicability and advantages of this route. The shortest trip ever made by the Panama route, it is said, was in 31 days.

CUBA.

The people of the United States have been kept in a state of excitement during a portion of the last month by reports of a revolution in the Island of Cuba. It is not yet possible to discover very clearly, what are the facts, but it is certain, that there were insurrectionary movements commencing about the 4th of July, in several parts of the Island; that they were badly planned, and inefficiently executed, and that the whole attempt, having caused the ruin of a vast number of persons, is at an end, and has resulted in the firmer establishment of the Spanish authority.

BRITISH AMERICA.

The Provincial Government persists in its refusal to concede the navigation of the St. Lawrence to foreign vessels till it obtains an equivalent from the United States. A motion against removing the Executive Government to Quebec, until after the expiration of four years from the time of its removal to Toronto, has been negatived the House of Commons by a vote of 48 to 12. It is believed that the removal will be decided on during the present season.

MEXICO.

The financial embarrassments of the government and people engross the general attention, and though it has been believed that a scheme of administration for augmenting the revenue would be successful, yet the country is so unsettled, and the dissatisfaction with the government so common, and the spirit of revolution so diffused, that only confusion and accelerated ruin can very reasonably be predicted of the country. Insurrectionary movements by parties having in view the recall and dictatorship of Santa Anna, have been put down in Chiapos and Tobasco.

SOUTH AMERICA.

In Buenos Ayres Rosas had been disturbed by the disaffection of General Urquiza. Rosas was making active preparations to oppose hostile attacks. The fortieth Anniversary of the Independence of Venezuela was celebrated at Caraccas with great enthusiasm. Venezuela remains perfectly tranquil. The insurrection in the Southern Provinces of New-Grenada has not yet been quelled, and the troops of the Government have suffered a defeat.

EUROPE AND ASIA.

We are compelled to abridge our notices of foreign events to a mere statement of dates. In ENGLAND the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill finally passed the House of Lords on the 28th of July, and receiving the royal signature became a law. Little other business of importance was accomplished before the prorogation of Parliament, which took place on the 8th of August. In FRANCE the motion for a revision of the constitution was rejected in the Assembly at Paris on Saturday, July 19. Out of 736 members, in the Assembly, 724 were present and voted--446 in favor of the revision and 278 against it; but as a majority of three quarters was required to carry the motion, it failed. On the 31st of July the Assembly elected a Committee of Permanence, consisting of twenty-five of the most dignified of its members, to sit during the vacation, which it was decided should last from the 10th of August to the 4th of November. From RUSSIA we have news of an important victory of the Turkomans over the Russian troops in the harbor of Astrabad, and the Russians have also suffered an extraordinary and most important defeat in the Caucasus. In ITALY every thing is calm, but the oppressions of the ecclesiastical government are more and more intolerable and outrageous. The Pope has returned from his residence at Castel Gandolfo to Rome. The rebellion in the southern provinces of CHINA appears to be still unchecked.

_Recent Deaths._

The Rev. STEPHEN OLIN, D.D. president of the Wesleyan University, died at Middletown on the 16th of August. He was a native of Vermont, and was educated at Middlebury College. He entered the itinerant ministry in the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1824, uniting himself with the South Carolina conference. His next two years were spent in Charleston. His labors proved too severe, and in 1826 he became what is called in the Methodist Church a supernumerary, with permission to travel for the benefit of his health. He was a local preacher for the same reason until 1828, but in 1829 resumed his itinerant labors. In 1832 he was again compelled to relinquish the labors the itinerancy imposed, and was appointed by the Georgia conference a professor in Franklin College. In 1833 he was elected president of Randolph College, Macon, Geo., which position he held until elected President of the Wesleyan University. In 1837 he travelled in Europe and the East, and on his return published an account of his Travels, in two volumes, which were very popular.

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Baron de Ledeirir, the celebrated Russian botanist, died at Munich on the 23d of July, aged sixty-five. At the early age of nineteen he was appointed Professor of Botany in the University of Dorpat, and in 1820 he obtained the botanical chair in the University of St. Petersburg. In 1821 he was elected member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and by order of the Emperor Alexander undertook to compile the _Russian Flora_. To collect materials for this great work he spent sixteen years in visiting different parts of the vast Empire of Russia, and went as far as the frontiers of China and into Siberia. In 1848 the state of his health obliged him to take up his residence at Munich. There he labored at his _Flora_, and had the satisfaction of completing it two months before his death.

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Edward Quillinan, son-in-law to Wordsworth, and known in the select rather than in the wide world of letters, as a poet, a scholar, a contributor to more than one literary publication, and the author of one or two separate works, died in July.

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Harriet Lee, the celebrated writer of the "Canterbury Tales," was the youngest sister of Sophia Lee, the author of _The Recess_, and of many popular dramas and novels. These ladies were daughters of John Lee, who had been bred to the law, but became an actor of much repute at Covent Garden Theatre, and ended his life as manager of the Bath Theatre. Sophia Lee, the elder daughter, who was born more than one hundred years ago (her sister Harriet, the subject of this notice, being a few years her junior), produced, in 1780, a comedy, entitled, "The Chapter of Accidents," which was performed with considerable success. The profits enabled the two sisters to open a school at Bath, which they carried on for many years with high credit and prosperity. In 1782 Sophia Lee brought out her most popular novel, _The Recess_, which was followed by other tales, and by _Almayda, Queen of Grenada_, a tragedy, in which Mrs. Siddons acted. Soon after, Harriet Lee published the first five volumes of her _Canterbury Tales_. Two of the stories, _The Young Lady's Tale_, and the _The Clergyman's Tale_, were written by her sister Sophia; the rest by herself. One of these Canterbury Tales, by Harriet Lee, named _Kruitzner_, became afterwards famous for having formed the subject and the plot of Byron's gloomy tragedy of _Werner_. Harriet Lee's other principal works were the _Error of Innocence_, a novel; the _Mysterious Marriage_, a play; _Clara Lennox_, a novel; and a _New Peerage_, begun in 1787. The last days of the sisters were passed near Bristol, where Sophia died in 1824, and Harriet on the first of August, 1851.

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Dr. Julius, the author of an able work on the Prisons and Criminal Law in the United States, died about the end of July, in London. Dr. Julius was editor of the Berlin _Zeitungshalle_ during the revolution of 1848, and was greatly respected for his talents and courage. Kinkel pronounced a touching _oraison funebre_ over his grave.

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Rev Azariah Smith, M.D., missionary of A.B.C.F.M. to the Armenians, died at Aintab, Syria, in the early part of June, in the 35th year of his age.

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General Henry A. S. Dearborn, of Roxbury, died suddenly at Portland, Me., on the twenty-ninth of July. He was a native of New-Hampshire, and was born March 3d, 1783, and removed with his father to the county of Kennebec in Maine in 1784. His father having been twice elected to Congress from the Kennebec district, prior to 1801, and on the accession of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency, appointed Secretary of War, his son Henry was taken to Washington, and educated at the College of William and Mary in Virginia. In 1806 he established himself in the profession of law, in which he continued but few years, the excitements of public life having more attractions for him than the quiet pursuit of that profession. He took a prominent part in the politics, of the country, filled many important public stations, among which was the collectorship of Boston, in which he succeeded his father in 1812, and remained many years. He also distinguished himself in literature, and by efforts for the promotion of public improvements. He was a member of the Convention of Massachusetts for revising the constitution of that state, in 1821, a member of the Governor's Council in 1831, member of Congress in 1832, Adjutant-General of Massachusetts in 1835, and at the time of his death Mayor of Roxbury. He was a man of fine manners, cultivated mind, and liberal views. While he held the office of Collector of Boston, he improved the favorable opportunity to collect statistics relative to the commerce of the country, and particularly that to countries connected with the Mediterranean, which he embodied in a valuable work, entitled _The Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea_, in three volumes octavo. In 1839 he published a series of letters _To the Secretary of the State of Massachusetts, on the Internal Improvements and the Commerce of the West_, containing extremely valuable information on those subjects. He recently published a life of the _Apostle Elliot_, to aid in the construction of a monument in Roxbury to the memory of that celebrated missionary, and among his other published writings is a _Life of Commodore Bainbridge_. He left in MS. a work on Architecture, another on Flowers, and an extended Memoir of his Father, embodying all his journal in his expedition through Maine to Canada, his imprisonment in Quebec, and a vast deal of other Revolutionary matter. He was constantly throwing off essays in various periodicals, to promote the interests of society. Among other claims upon public gratitude, was his untiring zeal in the cause of horticultural and agricultural improvements. Few did more than he to elevate this important branch of industry. As a politician he was most prominent for his connection with the Native American party, by which he was nominated for the Vice Presidency of the United States.

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In another part of this magazine we have given a sketch of the late Dr. MOIR, from the pen of Mr. Gilfillan. The deceased physician and litterateur died at Dumfries, on the 6th of July, in the fifty-third year of his age, having left his home in Musselburg, near Edinburgh, to visit in Dumfries his friend, Mr. Aird. Of the poems of "Delta," Professor Wilson says: "Delicacy and grace characterize his happiest composition; some of them are beautiful, in a cheerful spirit that has only to look on nature to be happy, and others breathe to simplest and purest pathos." Similar praise was given him by Lord Jeffrey. We do not think so highly of his abilities. In verse, Dr. Moir had the fatal gift of facility, and he cultivated it at the ordinary penalty. His poetry is not made to survive him. He was a man, however, of varied accomplishments; and is the author, besides his considerable body of verse, of a prose narrative, _Mansie Wauch, Tailor of Dalkieth_, a very excellent book of _Outlines of the Ancient History of Medicine_, being a View of the Progress of the _Healing Art among the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Arabians_, and of _Sketches of the Poetical Literature of the past Half Century, in Six Lectures_, a work which has the sketchy character and incompleteness common to its class. The _Legend of Genevieve, with other Tales and Poems_, and _Domestic Verses_, are the two poetical volumes of his which have been published in a collected form.

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General Sir Roger H. Sheaffe, Bart., died on the 17th July, at Edinburgh, at the advanced age of 88 years. He entered the army in 1778. In 1798 he became a lieut. colonel, and the next year served in Holland. He served in the expedition to the Baltic in 1801 under Sir Hyde Parker and Lord Nelson. He also served in North America, and, in 1812, the Americans having invaded Upper Canada, at Queenston, when General Brock, commanding in the province, fell in an effort to oppose the enemy, they posted themselves on a woody height above Queenston. Major-General Sheaffe, upon whom the command devolved, assembled some regular troops and militia, with a few Indians, and on the same day attacked and completely defeated the Americans, their general delivering his sword to Major-General Sheaffe, and surrendering the surviving troops on the field of battle, their number far exceeding the assailants. For these brilliant services Sir Roger Sheaffe was created a baronet of the United Kingdom.

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Louis Jacques Maude Daguerre, whose name is for ever associated with the photographic process, of which he was the discoverer, died on the tenth of July, in Paris, in the sixty-second year of his age. He was a man of extreme modesty and great personal worth, and was devoted to art. He was favorably known to the world before the announcement of his discovery of the Daguerreotype. His attempts to improve panoramic painting, and the production of dioramic effects, were crowned with the most eminent success. Among his pictures, which attracted much attention at the time of their exhibition were, The Midnight Mass, Land-slip in the Valley of Goldau, The Temple of Solomon, and The Cathedral of Sainte Marie de Montreal. In these the alternate effects of night and day, and storm and sunshine, were beautifully produced. To these effects of light were added others, from the decomposition of form, by means of which, for example, in The Midnight Mass, figures appeared where the spectators had just beheld seats, altars, &c., and again, as in The Valley of Goldau, in which rocks tumbling from the mountains replaced the prospect of a smiling valley. The methods adopted in these pictures were published at the same time with the process of the Daguerreotype, by order of the French Government, who awarded an annual pension of ten thousand francs to Daguerre and M. Niepce, jr., whose father had contributed towards the discovery of the Daguerreotype. Daguerre was led to experiments on chemical changes by solar radiations, with the hope of being able to apply the phenomena to the production of effects in his dioramic paintings. As the question of the part taken by him in the process to which he has given his name, has been discussed sometimes to his disadvantage, it appears important that his position should be correctly determined. In 1802, Wedgwood, of Etruria, the celebrated potter, made the first recorded experiments in photography; and these, with some additional ones by Sir Humphrey Davy, were published in the journals of the royal institution. In 1814, Mr. Joseph Nicephore Niepce was engaged in experiments to determine the possibility of fixing the images obtained in the camera obscura; but there does not appear any evidence of publication of any kind previously to 1827, when Niepce was in England. He there wrote several letters to Mr. Bauer, the microscopic observer, which are preserved and printed in Hunt's _Researches on Light_. He also sent specimens of results obtained to the Royal Society, and furnished some to the cabinets of the curious, a few of which are yet in existence. These were pictures on metallic plates covered with a fine film of resin. In 1824 Daguerre commenced his researches, starting at that point at which Wedgwood left the process. He soon abandoned the employment of the nitrate and chloride of silver, and proceeded with his inquiry, using plates of metal and glass to receive his sensitive coatings. In 1829 M. Vincent Chevalier brought Niepce and Daguerre together, when they entered into partnership to prosecute the subject in common. For a long time they appear to have used the resinous surfaces only, when the contrast between the resin and the metal plates not being sufficiently great to give a good picture, endeavors were made to blacken that part of the plate from which the resin was removed in the process of _heliography_ (sun-drawing), as it was most happily called. Amongst other materials, iodine was employed; and Daguerre certainly was the first to notice the property possessed by the iodine coating of changing under the influence of the sun's rays. The following letter from Niepce to Daguerre is on this subject:

"81, LOUP DE VARENNES, June 23, 1831.

"_Sir, and dear Partner_: I had long expected to hear from you with too much impatience not to receive and read with the greatest pleasure your letters of the tenth and twenty-first of last May. I shall confine myself in this reply to yours of the twenty-first, because, having been engaged ever since it reached me in your experiments on iodine, I hasten to communicate to you the results which I have obtained. I had given my attention to similar researches previous to our connection, but without hope of success, from the impossibility, or nearly so, in my opinion, of fixing in any durable manner the images received on iodine, even supposing the difficulty surmounted of replacing the lights and shadows in their natural order. My results in this respect have been entirely similar to those which the oxide of silver gave me; and promptitude of operation was the sole advantage which these substances appeared to offer. Nevertheless, last year, after you left this, I subjected iodine to new trials, but by a different mode of application. I informed you of the results, and your answer, not at all encouraging, decided me to carry these experiments no farther. It appears that you have since viewed the question under a less desperate aspect, and I do not hesitate to reply to the appeal which you have made.

"J. N. NIEPCE."

From this and other letters it is evident that Niepce had used iodine, and abandoned it on account of the difficulty of reversing the lights and shadows. Daguerre employed it also, and, as it appears, with far more promise of success than any obtained by M. Niepce. On the fifth of July, 1833, Niepce died; in 1837 Daguerre and Isodore Niepce, the son and heir of Nicephore Niepce, entered into a definite agreement; and in a letter written on the first November, 1837, to Daguerre, Isodore Niepce says, "What a difference, also, between the method which you employ and the one by which I toil on! While I require almost a whole day to make one design, you ask only four minutes! What an enormous advantage! It is so great, indeed, that no person, knowing both methods, would employ the old one." From this time it is established, that although both Niepce and Daguerre used iodine, the latter alone employed it with any degree of success, and the discovery of the use of mercurial vapor to produce the positive image clearly belongs to Daguerre. In January, 1839, the Daguerreotype pictures were first shown to the scientific and artistic public of Paris. The sensation they created was great, and the highest hopes of its utility were entertained. On the 15th June, M. Duchatel, Minister of the Interior, presented a bill to the Chamber of Deputies relative to the purchase of the process of M. Daguerre for fixing the images of the camera. A commission appointed by the Chamber, consisting of Arago, Etienne, Carl, Vatout, de Beaumont, Toursorer, Delessert (Francois), Combarel de Leyval, and Vitet, made their report on the third of July, and a special commission was appointed by the Chamber of Peers, composed of the following peers: Barons Athalin, Besson, Gay Lussac, the Marquis de Laplace, Vicomte Simeon, Baron Thenard, and the Comte de Noe, who reported favorably on the thirtieth July, 1839, and recommended unanimously that the "bill be adopted simply and without alteration." On the nineteenth of August the secret was for the first time publicly announced in the Institute by M. Arago, the English patent having been completed a few days before, in open defiance and contradiction of the statement of M. Duchatel to the Chamber of Deputies, who used these words, "Unfortunately for the authors of this beautiful discovery, it is impossible for them to bring their labor into the market, and thus indemnify themselves for the sacrifices incurred by so many attempts so long fruitless. This invention does not admit of being secured by patent." In conclusion, the Minister of the Interior said, "You will concur in a sentiment which has already awakened universal sympathy; you will never suffer us to leave to foreign nations the glory of endowing the world of science and of art with one of the most wonderful discoveries that honor our native land." Daguerre never did much towards the improvement of his process. The high degree of sensibility which has been attained has been due to the experiments of others.

Daguerre is said to have been always averse to sitting for his own picture, and there are but few photographs of him in existence. The one from which our engraving is copied was taken by Mr. Meade, of this city, and first appeared in the _Daguerrean Journal_, a monthly periodical conducted with marked ability by S. D. Humphrey and L. L. Hill, who are distinguished for their improvements upon Daguerre's process. We can refer to no more striking illustration of the advance of the beautiful art which the deceased discovered, than the existence of such a work, with more than two thousand subscribers among those who are occupied in the production of Daguerreotypes in this country.

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