Chapter XXII (1)

Harley L'Estrange is seated beside Helen at the lattice-window in the cottage at Norwood. The bloom of reviving health is on the child's face, and she is listening with a smile, for Harley is speaking of Leonard with praise, and of Leonard's future with hope. "And thus," he continued, "secure from his former trials, happy in his occupation, and pursuing the career he has chosen, we must be content, my dear child, to leave him."

"Leave him!" exclaimed Helen, and the rose on her cheek faded.

Harley was not displeased to see her emotion. He would have been disappointed in her heart if it had been less susceptible to affection.

"It is hard on you, Helen," said he, "to separate you from one who has been to you as a brother. Do not hate me for doing so. But I consider myself your guardian, and your home as yet must be mine. We are going from this land of cloud and mist, going as into the world of summer. Well, that does not content you. You weep, my child; you mourn your own friend, but do not forget your father's. I am alone, and often sad, Helen; will you not comfort me? You press my hand, but you must learn to smile on me also. You are born to be the Comforter. Comforters are not egotists; they are always cheerful when they console."

The voice of Harley was so sweet, and his words went so home to the child's heart, that she looked up and smiled in his face as he kissed her ingenuous brow. But then she thought of Leonard, and felt so solitary--so bereft--that tears burst forth again. Before these were dried, Leonard himself entered, and obeying an irresistible impulse, she sprang to his arms, and, leaning her head on his shoulder, sobbed out, "I am going from you, brother--do not grieve--do not miss me."

Harley was much moved: he folded his arms, and contemplated them both silently--and his own eyes were moist, "This heart," thought he, "will be worth the winning!"

He drew aside Leonard, and whispered, "Soothe but encourage and support her. I leave you together; come to me in the garden later."

It was nearly an hour before Leonard joined Harley.

"She was not weeping when you left her?" asked L'Estrange.

"No; she has more fortitude than we might suppose. Heaven knows how that fortitude has supported mine. I have promised to write to her often."

Harley took two strides across the lawn, and then, coming back to Leonard, said, "Keep your promise, and write often for the first year. I would then ask you to let the correspondence drop gradually."

"Drop!--Ah, my lord!"

"Look you, my young friend, I wish to lead this fair mind wholly from the sorrows of the Past. I wish Helen to enter, not abruptly, but step by step, into a new life. You love each other now as do two children--as brother and sister. But later, if encouraged, would the love be the same? And is it not better for both of you, that youth should open upon the world with youth's natural affections free and unforestalled?"

"True! and she is so above me," said Leonard, mournfully.

"No one is above him who succeeds in your ambition, Leonard. It is not _that_, believe me!"

Leonard shook his head.

"Perhaps," said Harley, with a smile, "I rather feel that you are above me. For what vantage-ground is so high as youth? Perhaps I may become jealous of you. It is well that she should learn to like one who is to be henceforth her guardian and protector. Yet, how can she like me as she ought, if her heart is to be full of you?"

The boy bowed his head; and Harley hastened to change the subject, and speak of letters and of glory. His words were eloquent, and his voice kindling; for he had been an enthusiast for fame in his boyhood; and in Leonard's his own seemed to him to revive. But the poet's heart gave back no echo--suddenly it seemed void and desolate. Yet when Leonard walked back by the moonlight, he muttered to himself, "Strange--strange--so mere a child, this cannot be love! Still what else to love is there left to me?"

And so he paused upon the bridge where he had so often stood with Helen, and on which he had found the protector that had given to her a home--to himself a career. And life seemed very long, and fame but a dreary phantom. Courage, still, Leonard! These are the sorrows of the heart that teach thee more than all the precepts of sage and critic.

Another day, and Helen had left the shores of England, with her fanciful and dreaming guardian. Years will pass before our tale reopens. Life in all the forms we have seen it travels on. And the Squire farms and hunts; and the Parson preaches and chides and soothes. And Riccabocca reads his Machiavelli, and sighs and smiles as he moralizes on Men and States. And Violante's dark eyes grow deeper and more spiritual in their lustre; and her beauty takes thought from solitary dreams. And Mr. Richard Avenel has his house in London, and the honorable Mrs. Avenel her opera box; and hard and dire is their struggle into fashion, and hotly does the new man, scorning the aristocracy, to pant become aristocrat. And Audley Egerton goes from the office to the Parliament, and drudges, and debates, and helps to govern the empire in which the sun never sets. Poor Sun, how tired he must be--but none more tired than the Government! And Randal Leslie has an excellent place in the bureau of a minister, and is looking to the time when he shall resign it to come into Parliament, and on that large arena turn knowledge into power. And meanwhile, he is much where he was with Audley Egerton; but he has established intimacy with the Squire, and visited Hazeldean twice, and examined the house and the map of the property--and very nearly fallen a second time into the Ha-ha, and the Squire believes that Randal Leslie alone can keep Frank out of mischief, and has spoken rough words to his Harry about Frank's continued extravagance. And Frank does continue to pursue pleasure, and is very miserable, and horribly in debt. And Madame di Negra has gone from London to Paris, and taken a tour into Switzerland, and come back to London again, and has grown very intimate with Randal Leslie; and Randal has introduced Frank to her; and Frank thinks her the loveliest woman in the world, and grossly slandered by certain evil tongues. And the brother of Madame di Negra is expected in England at least; and what with his repute for beauty and for wealth, people anticipate a sensation; and Leonard, and Harley, and Helen? Patience--they will all reappear.

FOOTNOTES:

[7] Continued from page 386.

FRAGMENTS FROM A VOLUME OF POEMS

BY THOMAS LOVELL BEDDOES.

[Just Published in London.]

NOTHING ALONE.

All round and through the spaces of creation
No hiding-place of the least air, or earth,
Or sea, invisible, untrod, unrained on,
Contains a thing alone. Not e'en the bird,
That can go up the labyrinthine winds
Between its pinions, and pursues the summer,--
Not even the great serpent of the billows,
Who winds him thrice around this planet's waist,--
Is by itself in joy or suffering.

LOVE.

O that sweet influence of thoughts and looks!
That change of being, which, to one who lives,
Is nothing less divine than divine life
To the unmade! Love? Do I love? I walk
Within the brilliance of another's thought,
As in a glory.

INNOCENT WELCOME TO EVIL.

How thou art like the daisy in Noah's meadow,
On which the foremost drop of rain fell warm
And soft at evening; so the little flower
Wrapped up its leaves, and shut the treacherous water
Close to the golden welcome of its breast,--
Delighting in the touch of that which led
The shower of oceans, in whose billowy drops
Tritons and lions of the sea were warring.

THE IMPARTIAL BANQUET.

The unfashionable worm,
Respectless of crown-illumined brow,
To cheek's bewitchment, or the sceptred clench,
With no more eyes than Love, creeps courtier-like,
On his thin belly, to his food,--no matter
How clad or nicknamed it might strut above,
What age or sex,--it is his dinner-time.

ARGUMENT FOR MERCY.

I have a plea,
As dewy piteous as the gentle ghost's
That sits alone upon a forest-grave
Thinking of no revenge: I have a mandate,
As magical and potent as e'er ran
Silently through a battle's myriad veins,
Undid their fingers from the hanging steel,
And drew them up in prayer: I AM A WOMAN.
O motherly-remembered be the name,
And, with the thought of loves and sisters, sweet
And comforting!

INTERCESSION BETWEEN A FATHER AND A SON.

There stands before you
The youth and golden top of your existence,
Another life of yours: for, think your morning
Not lost, but given, passed from your hand to his
The same except in place. Be then to him
As was the former tenant of your age,
When you were in the prologue of your time,
And he lay hid in you unconsciously
Under his life. And thou, my younger master,
Remember there's a kind of God in him;
And, after heaven, the next of thy religion.
Thy second fears of God, thy first of man,
Are his, who was creation's delegate,
And made this world for thee in making thee.

Authors and Books.

CARL IMMERMAN'S _Theater-Briefe_ (Letters on the Theatre), says a German critic, "is interesting not only as a history of a German theatre, but as an excellent addition to the literature of aesthetic criticism. This work refers more especially to the years 1833-37, during which time, as is well known, Immerman attempted to establish in Duesseldorf an _ideal_ theatre, somewhat in the style of that at Weimar." We have frequently, in conversation with a gentleman who held an appointment in this Duesseldorf _Ideal Theatre_, received amusing and interesting accounts of Immerman's style of management. That his plan did not succeed is undoubtedly for the sake of Art to be regretted; yet we can by no means unconditionally approve of the ideas upon which Immerman based his theories. He was certainly right in endeavoring to form a unity of style in dramatic representations; but how he could have deemed such an unity possible, when grounded upon such diametrically opposed aesthetic bases as those of Shakespeare and Calderon, is to us unintelligible. The remarks on the most convenient and practical style of executing certain pieces--for example, Hamlet--are worthy of attention, as also a few explanations relative to Immerman's own dramatic conceptions.

* * * * *

KOHL, whose innumerable and well-known books of travel have caused him to be cited even in book-making Germany as an instance of _Ausserordentlichen Fruchtbarkeit_, or extraordinary fertility, has published, through Kuntze of Dresden, yet another work, entitled _Sketches of Nature and Popular Life_, which is however said to be inferior to the average of his works--principally, we imagine, from his falling into the besetting sin of German writers since the late revolutions, namely, of talking politics when he should have quoted poetry. We should not be surprised to find some day a treatise on qualitative chemistry, commencing with an analysis of the Prussian constitution, or an anatomical work, concluding with a dissection of Germany in general. Kohl possesses, however, great faculties of observation, is an accurate describer, and has, perhaps, done as much as any man of the age towards making different countries acquainted with each other.

* * * * *

The friends of the Italian language and literature, will do well to cast an occasional kindly glance on _L'Eco d'Italia_ (The Echo of Italy), an excellent weekly paper published by Signor SECCHI DE CASALI, in this city, at number 289 Broadway. Many admirable poems find their way from time to time into this periodical, while its foreign correspondence is of a high order of merit.

* * * * *

The Polish authoress NARCISA ZWICHOWSKA, well known to all who are acquainted with the literature of that country, has received from the Russian authorities an order to enter a convent, and no longer to occupy herself with literature, but with labors of a manual kind, which are more becoming to women. She is to receive from the treasury a silver ruble, or about sixty-two and a half cents a day for her support.

* * * * *

Cooking is no doubt a great science, and its chief prophet is undeniably EUGENE BARON BAERST. This gentleman, who is well known in Germany and elsewhere for his gallant services in Spain, in the army of Don Carlos, has just brought out a work in two volumes, of some six hundred and fifty pages each, entitled _Gastrosophie, oder die Lehre von den Freuden der Tafel_ (Gastrosophy, or the Doctrine of the Delights of the Table). In this he evinces a thoroughness of knowledge and a fire of enthusiasm well calculated to astonish the reader, who has probably not before been aware of the grandeur of the subjects discussed. He begins with the very elements of his theme. "The man," he exclaims in his preface, "who undertakes to write a cook-book, must begin by teaching the mason how to build a fire-place, so as not merely to produce heat from above or below, but from both at once; he must teach the butcher how to cut his meat, and above all the baker how to make bread, and especially the _semmel_ (a sort of small loaves with caraway or anise seed, much liked in Germany), which are often very like leather and perfectly indigestible. It is true that in Psalm CIV. verse 15, we are told that bread strengthens the heart of man, but the semmel sort does no such thing; and when Linguet affirms,--and it is one of the greatest paradoxes I know of,--that bread is a noxious article of food, he must be thinking of just that kind. Further, it is necessary to instruct the gardener, the vegetable woman, the cattle dealer and feeder, and a hundred other people down to the scullion, who must learn to chop the spinage very fine and rub and tie it well, and also not to wash the salad, &c. And this is all the more necessary, because bad workmen,--and their name is legion,--love no sort of instruction, but fancy that they already know every thing better than anybody else." To this extensive and thankless work of instruction, the Baron declares that he has devoted himself, and that the iron will necessary to its accomplishment is his. The iron health is however wanting, and accordingly he can do nothing better for "the fatherland's artists in eating" than the present work. At the last advices, the valiant Baron was dangerously ill.

* * * * *

Works on natural history and philosophy seldom possess much interest for the uninitiated in "the physically practical." An exception to this may however be found in the beautiful _Schmetterlingsbuch_, or _Butterfly book_, recently published by Hoffman of Stuttgart, containing eleven hundred colored illustrations of these "winged flowers," as the Chinese poetically term them. Equally attractive to every lover of exquisite works of scientific art, is the recent American _Pomology_, edited by Dr. BRINCKLE of Philadelphia, and published by Hoffy of that city. This, we state on the authority of the Philadelphia Art-Union Reporter, is the most splendid work of the kind ever published in this country or Europe, with a single exception, which was issued under royal patronage.

* * * * *

A valuable and useful book in these times is STEIN'S _Geschichte der socialen Bewegung in Frankreich von 1789 bis auf unsere Tage_ (History of the Social Movement in France from 1789 to our day). It is in three volumes, published at Leipzig. The _Socialismus und Communismus_ of the same author has given him a wide reputation for impartiality and thoroughness, which the present work must confirm and extend. We do not coincide in all his views, historical or critical, but cordially recommend him to the study of all who desire to inform themselves as to one of the most important phases of modern history.

* * * * *

An interesting work entitled _Die Macht des Kleinen_, or _The power of the Little, as shown in the formation of the crust of our earth-ball_, has recently been translated from the Dutch of _Schwartzkopt_, by Dr. SCHLEIDEN of Leipzig. This book treats entirely of the works and wonders effected by that "invisible brotherhood" of architects, the _animalculae_, and shows how greatly the organic world is indebted to coral insects, _foraminiferae_, polypi, and other cryptic beings, for its existence and progress. The illustrations are truly admirable.

* * * * *

Among the recent publications at Halle, is a heavy octavo by Dr. J. H. KRAUSE, on the _History of Education, Instruction and Culture among the Greeks, Etruscans and Romans_. It is drawn from the original sources, and is the result of a most studious and thorough investigation of the subject.

* * * * *

A very intelligent young priest, by name JOSEPH LUTZ, has recently published by Laupp of Tuebingen, a _Handbook of Catholic Pulpit Eloquence_. This work will be found highly interesting to those desirous of investigating the history and theories of modern eloquence. We were already aware that in New-England smoking and whistling are regarded as vices, but first learned from the prospectus of this work that, according to Theremin, eloquence is a _virtue_!

* * * * *

A collection of the popular songs of Southern Russia is now being published at Moscow by Mr. MAKSIMOWITSCH, who for twenty years has been in the Ukraine, engaged in taking down and preserving these interesting products of the early life of his people in that region. This is not the first contribution of the kind that he has made to Russian literature; in 1827 he published the _Songs of Little Russia_, consisting of one hundred and thirty pieces for male and female voices; in 1834 the _Popular Songs of the Ukraine_, consisting of one hundred and thirteen songs for men; and in the same year the _Voices of Ukraine Song_, twenty-five pieces with music. The present work is called by way of distinction _Collectaneum of Ukraine Popular Songs_; it is to be in six parts, containing about two thousand national poems. Each part is to be accompanied with explanatory notes, and the last volume will contain an essay on Russian popular poetry in general, as well as on that of the Ukraine in particular. One volume has already appeared; it is in two divisions: the first of Ukraine _Dumy_, the second of cradle songs and lullabys. The _Dumy_ are a particular sort of poems peculiar to the Ukraine. They are in a most irregular measure, varying from four to twelve syllables, with the cadence varying in each line. The only requirement is that they should rhyme, and frequently several successive lines are made to do so. These poems are the production of the _Vandurists_, or bards of the country, who are even yet found on the southern shore of the Dnieper. These singers, usually blind old men, chant their _Dumy_ and their songs to the people, accompanying themselves with both hands on the many-stringed _vandura_. The _Dumy_ flourished most in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. There are some existing composed by Mazeppa after the battle of Pultowa, and one or two other poets have left a _Dumy_ of the eighteenth, but they are not equal to those of more primitive times. Since then there have been no new compositions in the way of popular songs and ballads, but the older works have been repeated with variations and to new melodies. The most frequent subjects of these ballads were, of course, historic personages and warlike deeds; but often they sung of domestic matters and feelings, winding up with a moral for the benefit of the young. In this volume of Mr. Maksimowitsch, are twenty _Dumy_; their subjects are such as these: Fight of the Cossack with the Tartar, the Three Brothers, On the Victory of Gorgsun (1648). He reckons the number in existence at thirty. Of these he publishes, four have not before been known.

* * * * *

A new edition of Hogarth's Works is in process of republication at Goettingen in a diminished size. There are to be twelve parts at fifty cents each; the third part has been published.

* * * * *

Of DR. ANDREE'S great work on _America_, whose commencement we noticed some months since, the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth parts have just reached us. The German savan continues to justify the high encomiums we passed upon the earlier portions of his work. He has used with the utmost industry and conscientiousness all the best sources of information on every subject he treats. Gallatin, Morton and Squier he frequently quotes as authorities. These four parts are devoted to the conclusion of the essay on the origin and history of the American race. In this he calls attention to the fact that all the developments of American civilization took place on high plain lands and not in the rich vallies of the great rivers--a fact by the way which confirms Mr. Carey's theory of the first settlement and culture of land, though to this Dr. Andree does not refer. He then treats of Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, the Bermudas and the United States. The leading facts in the geography, history, the sources of population, the political constitution, the geological structure, soil, climate, industry, resources, and prospects of these countries are given with admirable succinctness, thoroughness and justice. As a book of ordinary reference, none could be more convenient or reliable. The most difficult questions are considered with a genuine German cosmopolitan impartiality of judgment. The predominant influence in the formation of the American democratic institutions Dr. Andree considers to be English, or more strictly speaking Teutonic. Other races and nations have contributed to the mass of the people, but only the Teutonic has laid the foundation and built the structure of the state. It is a great blessing in the history of the continent that the French did not succeed in their plans of colonization, for they would everywhere have founded not democratic but feudal institutions. The slavery question he treats more in the interest of the south than in the spirit of the abolitionists, whose course he condemns with considerable plainness of expression. On the mode of finally solving this question, he offers no speculations, but contents himself with showing the great difficulties attending colonization and emancipation upon the soil. The former he thinks impossible, the latter can only produce war between the two races, in which the latter must be exterminated. This mode of viewing this subject we can testify is frequent among well-educated Germans. The statistics relating to the United States, Dr. Andree has collected in a most lucid manner; we do not know where they are better or more conveniently arranged. Products, imports, exports, debt of federal and state governments, taxation, shipping, railroads, canals, schools, are all given; nothing escapes the vigilance of this most exemplary ethnographer. His style is no less clear and vivid in these four parts than in those preceding. The remainder will follow regularly. The work may be found at Westermann's, corner of Broadway and Reade street, by whose house in Brunswick, Germany, it is published.

* * * * *

M. ALEXANDER DUVAL has a long article in the _Journal des Debats_ entitled, _Studies upon German Love_, taking his text from Bettina von Arnim's famous correspondence with Goethe, and from the _Book of Love_, in which the same sentimentalist has recorded her relations with the unfortunate Guenderode. M. Duval finds that in his intercourse with Bettina, Goethe played a part which was honorable neither to his mind nor his heart. In the _Book of Love_, says M. Duval, there is a little of every thing--of physics, of metaphysics, of poetry, of natural history, of biographical anecdotes, the history of the first kiss, of the second kiss, and of the third kiss received by Mlle. Bettina, mixed up with apostrophes to the stars, to the ocean, to the mountains, and above all, to the moon, which she loves so much that she never leaves it in peace. In fact, she has such a passion for whatever is lunatic, that the moon above is not sufficient, and she invents another, an interior and metaphysical moon, which enlightens the world of our thoughts. About this she writes to Goethe: "When thou art about to go to sleep, confide thyself to the inward moon, sleep in the light of the moon of thy own nature." French literature was never disgraced by a girl's making a god of its most illustrious representative, and his allowing the silly incense to be burned for years upon his altars; but the evil is getting into France as well. Rousseau did not dare to publish his confessions, but Lamartine has had the courage, and has served up to the public his own letters and the portraits of his mistresses. Madame Sand's _Memoirs_ are also advertised; another step that way and Germany need no longer envy the country of Montesquieu and Voltaire, of good sense and action.

* * * * *

Readable and instructive is HASE'S _Neue Propheten_ (New Prophets), just published in Germany. The new prophets are Joan d'Arc, Savonarola, and the Anabaptists of Muenster. They are treated historically and philosophically, in a style whose simplicity, animation, and clearness, differ most gratefully from the crabbed and long-winded sentences of the earlier German writers, in the study of whom we dug our way into some imperfect acquaintance with that rich and flexible tongue. The book is worthy of translation.

* * * * *

A new book on a subject which has latterly become prominent among the themes of European observation and thought is called _Suedslavische Wanderwagen im Sommer 1850_ (Wandering in Southern Slavonia in the Summer of 1850). It is a series of vivid and interesting pictures of one of the most remarkable races and regions of Europe.

* * * * *

A singular work has recently been published by Decker of Berlin, entitled _Monasticus Irenaeus, von Jerusalem, nach Bethlehem_ (or Irenaeus Monasticus: a public message to the noble Lady Ida, Countess of Hahn-Hahn: for the profit and piety of all newly converted Catholics.) In this work we find much talent, deep learning, and abundance of Schleiermachian philosophy; but remark on the other hand the following weak points: Firstly, that the author cuts down a gnat with a scimitar, or in other words overrates the talent and abilities of his adversary; and, secondly, that he affects to assume the tone and style in which her work was written, even in the title. (The reader will remember that the work of the Countess was entitled "_From Jerusalem_," and bore the motto, "SOLI DEO GLORIA.") In other respects also is this work, if not decidedly wrong, at least quite indifferent.

* * * * *

LAMARTINE'S History of the Restoration is reviewed at length in the _Journal des Debats_, by M. Cuvillier-Fleury. It is a very severe piece of criticism. Lamartine is charged with injustice, confusion, and even a systematic perversion of the truth, especially toward Napoleon. The account of the Emperor's last days at Fontainebleau, is pronounced a tragi-comedy, full of grimaces, of explosions, of puerile hesitations, of impossible exaggerations. Men and facts are judged without reflection, by prejudice, by blind passion, by a sort of fated and involuntary partiality. The method of the book runs into declamation, turgidity, and redundancy; he does not narrate, he discourses or expounds; he falls into mere gossip or is lost in analysis; instead of portraits he paints miniatures, and does not conceive an historical picture without a fancy vignette. His descriptive lyricism, instead of imparting a grandeur to his subject, diminishes it; instead of refining it, renders it petty. Besides, in his overstrained and exaggerated style, he is guilty of writing bad French; M. Cuvillier-Fleury quotes several striking examples of this. The article concludes by saying that the historian writes without ballast, and goes at the impulse of every breeze which swells his sails, and with no other care than the inspiration of the moment. His subject carries him off by all the perspectives it opens to his imagination or his memory. He is like a ship moving out of port with streamers floating from every mast, its poop crowned with flowers, and every sail set, but without a rudder. In spite of all criticism, however, this history has a large sale in France: the first edition is already exhausted. The practice of pirating, usual at Brussels and Leipzic, with reference to French works of importance, has been prevented, in this case, by the preparation of cheap editions for Belgium and Germany, which were issued there cotemporaneously with the publication at Paris.

* * * * *

The second part of the third volume of HUMBOLDT'S _Kosmos_ is nearly completed, and will soon appear. A fourth volume is to be added, in which the geological studies of the venerable author will be set forth. He is now nearly eighty-one years old, and is as vigorous and youthful in feeling as ever. The first part of the third volume of _Kosmos_ appeared in German and English several months ago.

* * * * *

A History of Polish Literature, from the remotest antiquity to 1830, is now being published at Warsaw, by Mr. MACIEJOWKI, a writer thoroughly acquainted with the subject. Three parts of the first volume have appeared, bringing the history down to the first half of the seventeenth century. One more part will complete the volume, and three volumes will complete the work.

* * * * *

The study of Russian archaeology and history is prosecuted in that country with a degree of activity and thoroughness that other nations are not aware of, and publications of importance are made constantly. Within the present year the fifth part of the complete collection of _Russian Chronicles_ has appeared, the fourth of the collection of public documents relating to the history of Western Russia, and the beginning of a new collection of foreign historians of Russia.

* * * * *

A curious contrast of light and shade is exhibited in the titles of two works recently published in Vienna. SIEGFRIED WEISS (or _white_) puts forth a book, _On the present state and trade policy of Germany_, while in the next paragraph of the same list N. SCHWARTZ (or _black_) appears as the author of _The situation of Austria as regards her trade policy_. This latter we should judge to be an excellent illustration of the old phrase, "_nomen et omen!_"

* * * * *

Periodical literature is making its way into Asia. A literary monthly has made its appearance at Tiflis, in the Georgian language. It will discuss Georgian literature, furnish translations from foreign tongues, and treat of the arts and sciences, and of agriculture. What oriental students will find most interesting in this magazine, will be its specimens of the popular literature of the country. A new Armenian periodical has also been commenced in the Trans-Caucasian country.

* * * * *

A German version of HAWTHORNE'S _Scarlet Letter_ has been executed by one DU BOIS, and published by Velliagen & Klasing of Nielefeld.

* * * * *

OTTO HUBNER, the industrious German economist, is about to publish at Leipsic a collection of the tariffs of all nations.

* * * * *

A work on Freemasonic medals has been published by Dr. MERZDORF, superintendent of the Grand Ducal Library of Oldenburg: with plates.

* * * * *

The German Universities are well off for teachers. In the twenty-seven institutions of the kind at the last summer term, there were engaged 1586 teachers, viz.: 816 ordinary, 330 extraordinary, and 37 honorary professors, with 403 private tutors, exclusive of 134 masters of languages, gymnastics, fencing and dancing. Muenster has the fewest teachers, numbering only 18, Olmuetz 22, Innsbruck, 26, Gratz 22, Berne and Basle each 33, Rostock, 38; on the other hand Berlin has 167, Munich 102, Leipzic and Goettingen each 100, Prague 92, Bonn 90, Breslau 84, Heidelberg 81, Tuebingen 77, Halle 75, Jena 74. The whole number of students in the last term was 16,074; Berlin counting 2199, Munich 1817, Prague 1204, Bonn 1026, Leipzic 846, Breslau 831, Tuebingen 768, Goettingen 691, Wuerzburg 684, Halle 646, Heidelberg 624, Gratz 611, Jena 434, Giessen 409, Freiburg 403, Erlangen 402, Olmuetz 396, Koenigsberg 332, Muenster 323, Marburg 272, Innsbruck 257, Greifswald 208, Zuerich 201, Berne 184, Rostock 122, Kiel 119, Basel 65.

* * * * *

Among the last poetical issues of the German press we notice _Poetis che Schriften_, by A. HENSEL (Vienna, 2 vols.), are exaggerated, almost insane expression of Austrian loyalty running through sonnets, lyrics, ballads and romances; _Friedrichsehre_ (Honor to Frederick), by an anonymous author (Posen), a new wreath for the weather-beaten old brows of Frederick the Great; _Erwachen_ (Waking), seven poems by Hugo le Juge (Berlin), a book with talent in it; _Lebensfruehling_, by Paul Eslin (Liepsic), the second edition of a collection of neat and pleasing poems for children.

* * * * *

The Russian government has published some book-making statistics of Poland in 1850. In the course of the year, 359 manuscript works were submitted to the censorship, being 19 more than in 1849. Almost all were scientific, the greater part treating of theology, jurisprudence, and medicine; 327 were licensed to be printed, 4 rejected, and 15 returned to their authors for modification; upon 13 no decision has been given. In 1850, there were imported into the kingdom 15,986 works, in 58,141 volumes; this was 749 works less, and 1,027 volumes more than in 1849.

* * * * *

A new work on Russia is appearing at Paris with the title of _Etudes sur les Forces Productives de la Russie_. Its author is Mr. L. DE TEGOBORSKI, a Russian privy councillor. The first volume, a stout octavo, has been issued. It treats of the geographical situation and extent of Russia, the climate, fertility and configuration of the soil; population; productions of the earth and their gross value; vegetable, animal and mineral productions; agriculture; raising of domestic animals. The whole work will consist of three volumes; the second is in press.

* * * * *

Notices in the later numbers of the _Europa_, of KARL QUENTIN in America, and _The Art Journal_, are not without interest. The Grenzboten also contains interesting articles on THOMAS MOORE, and OERSTED.

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Of Ritter's great work, the _History of Philosophy_, of which only earlier volumes have appeared in English, a tenth volume is shortly to be published.

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A new and compendious history of philosophy has been published at Leipzic in two octavo volumes, called _Das Buch der Weltweisheit_. It gives in the most succinct form a statement of the doctrines of the leading philosophical thinkers of all times, and is designed for the cultivated among the German people. Men of other nations are however not forbidden to derive from it what advantage they can.

* * * * *

DE FLOTTE, whose election to the French Assembly made such a stir a year since, has lately published a thick volume entitled _De la Souverainete du Peuple_. It is a series of essays in which he discusses with great penetration and remarkable power of abstract thought, the spirit, ends, and present results of the great general revolution, of which all the special revolutions that have hitherto occurred, are merely incidents and phases. De Flotte considers that humanity is advancing toward liberty absolute and universal, in politics, religion, industry, and every department of life. "One thing," he says, "has ever astonished me; this is that some men presume to accuse the revolution of denying tradition, because they think only of one age, or of one dynasty, while we think of all sovereigns and of all ages; they oppose, with a curious good faith, the history of a single epoch or a single party, to the history of all epochs and of all men. Strange ignorance and singular forgetfulness! Why do they fail to do in space, what they do in time, in geography what they do in history? Why do they not deny the existence of negroes and of the Chinese because none of them come to France? The reason is that life in space strikes the bodily eye, while life in time strikes the eye of the mind, and theirs is blinded!"

* * * * *

In France, 78,000 francs have been voted by the National Assembly for excavations at Nineveh. Mr. LAYARD, without further means for the prosecution of his researches there, is in England, and we are sorry to learn, in ill health. His new book, _Fresh Discoveries in Nineveh_, will soon be published by Mr. Putnam. Dr. H. WEISSENBORN has printed in Stuttgart, _Nineveh and its Territory, in respect to the latest excavations in the valley of the Tigris_. Some specimens of the exhumed sculptures of Nineveh have been sent to New-York by Rev. D. W. Marsh, of the American mission at Mosul.

* * * * *

A second series of EUGENE SUE's _Mysteres du Peuple_ is announced as about to commence at Paris. This is an attempt to set forth the history of the French people, or working classes, the form of a modern story being merely a frame in which to set the author's pictures of former times. The first series completes the history of the early Gauls and of Roman domination; the second will treat of feudalism and of the introduction of modern social castes and distinctions. Sue has published a preamble in the form of an address to his readers, in which he draws the outline of the subject he is about to treat, and establishes his main historical positions by reference to a great variety of learned authorities.

The same author is now publishing in _La Presse_ a new novel called _Fernand Duplessis, or Memoirs of a Husband_. We have seen some eight or ten numbers of it; so far it is comparatively free from the clap-trap romance machinery in which French writers in general, and Sue in particular, are apt to indulge, while it is otherwise less unobjectionable than the mass of his stories.

* * * * *

The historian MICHELET has published a new part of his _Revolution Francaise_. It is devoted to the Girondists. The conclusions of the author are that these unfortunate politicians of a terrible epoch were personally innocent, that they never thought of dismembering France, and had no understanding with the enemy, but that the policy they pursued in the early part of '93, was blind and impotent, and if followed out could only have resulted in the destruction of the republic, and the triumph of the royalists. The whole is treated in the Micheletian manner, in distinct chapters, each elucidating some mind.

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A work _On the Fabrication of Porcelain in China, with its History from Antiquity to the present Day_, that is to say, from 583 to 1821, has just been translated from Chinese into French by STANISLAS JULIEN, and published at Paris. It puts the European manufacturer perfectly in possession of the secrets of Chinese workmen, their methods, and the substances they employ. M. Julien has previously translated a Chinese essay on education of silkworms, and the culture of the mulberry. He is one of the most learned sinologues in Europe.

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A French archaeeologist, M. FELIX DE VERNEILH, has published an elaborate essay on the Cologne Cathedral, in which he denies to Germany the credit of inventing the purest model of the pointed arch, and demonstrates that this Cathedral was not planned at the beginning of the most brilliant period of Christian art, but was the climax thereof, and that instead of having served as the archetype in construction of other edifices, it shows the influence of them, and especially of the Cathedral of Amiens.

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An interesting and instructive little work has been published at Paris on the Workingmen's Associations of that city and country. It is by M. ANDRE COCHUT, one of the editors of _Le National_. It gives the history of each of the more important of these establishments, with their mode of organization, number of members, and pecuniary and social results. The title is _Les Associations Ouvrieres; Histoire et Theorie des Centatives de Reorganisation Industrielle depuis la Revolution de 1848_.

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A complete edition of the works of GEORGE SAND is now publishing at Paris, in parts, with illustrations by Tony Johannot. It is to be elegant, yet cheap, the whole only costing about $5. There will be some six hundred illustrations. The first part contains _La Mare au Diable_ and _Andre_, with a new preface to the former, in which the author contradicts the notion that it was intended by her as the beginning of a new order of literature, or was attempted as a new style of writing. Other authors are to follow in the same manner.

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The new volume of THIER's _History of the Consulate and the Empire_ is regarded as the most able and most interesting of the series. There is to be one other volume.

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ALEXANDER DUMAS has written the following letter to the _Presse_:

"Sir,--I understand that a publisher who at second hand
is the owner of a book of mine called "The History of
Louis Philippe," intends to issue the work under the
title of "Mysteries of a Royal Family." I have written
the history of Louis Philippe, just as I have written
the histories of Louis XIV., and Louis XV., and Louis
XVI., the history of the revolution, and the history of
the empire. I have sold this series of historical works
to a single publisher, M. Dufour. I never had the
intention to provoke the scandal indicated by the title
with which I am threatened in substitution for the one
that I had given to the work. In the life of Louis
Philippe and the royal family there is nothing
mysterious. A fatal obstinacy in a course leading to an
abyss: there's for the king. For the queen there is
goodness, self-sacrifice, charity, religion, virtue.
For the deceased royal prince and his living brothers,
there is courage, loyalty, gallantry, intelligence,
patriotism. You see in all this there is nothing
mysterious. If he persists in giving to my book a title
which I regard as infamous, the courts of justice shall
decide between me and the publisher. May God keep me
from invoking aught but historical truth with regard to
a man who touched my hand when a king, and my heart,
when an exile.

"ALEX. DUMAS."

Conduct of this sort--the changing of titles, in violation of the wishes of authors, or any change in a book, by a publisher--is atrocious crime, for the punishment of which a revival of the whipping-post would not be inappropriate. There have been many such cases in this country, and to some of them we may hereafter call particular attention.

* * * * *

One of the most truly successful of the younger living French writers is ALFRED DE MUSSET. His works are principally poetic and dramatic. He originated a style of pieces called _Caprices_, which have become exceedingly popular not only from their own point and spirit, but from the incomparable manner in which they are rendered on the stage of the _Theatre Francais_. M. de Musset's reputation has been achieved since the revolution of July. The last number of the _Grenzboten_ devotes a long leading article to the discussion of his works and his position in the world of letters. We translate the following paragraph: "We find in him an elegance of language, a truth of views, even though they be true only for him individually, a sensibility to all the problems of the soul and heart, and a freedom from the usual French prejudices, which lay a strong claim to our attention. He never falls into that shallow pathos with which Victor Hugo in his 'greatest moments' sometimes covers an intolerable triviality; phrases never run away with him as they do so often with the king of the romanticists, whose profoundest monologues not seldom turn out to be empty jingle. In clearness, delicacy and grace, he can be compared, among the modern romanticists, with only Prosper Merimee and Charles de Bernard. They also resemble him in the fear of being led away by general modes of expression and reflection. They strive only for _individual_ truth; but he differs from them in the breadth and multiformity of his perspectives, and in a singular power of assimilation which is based on extensive reading. In fact, the combinations of his wit and fancy often go so into the distant and boundless, that we think we are reading a German author." The critic then compares De Musset with Byron; the latter is more original and spontaneous, the former richer and more comprehensive. The questions Byron discusses have forced themselves upon him; those of De Musset are of his own invention. For the rest he has been greatly influenced by Heine and Hoffmann, as well as by the Faust of Goethe. The more important of his works are: _Contes d'Espagne et d'Italie_ (1830); _Un Spectacle dans un Fauteuil_ (1833); _Poesies Nouvelles_ (1835-40); the same (1840-49); _Les Comedies Injouables_, a collection of small dramatic pieces (1838); _Louis, ou il faut qu'une porte soit ouverte ou fermee_, _Les deux Martiesses_, _Emmeline_, _Le Seuet de Javatte_, _Le Fils de Titien_, _Les Adventures de Laagon_, _La Confession d'un Enfant du Siecle_; romances published between 1830-40. De Musset is still a young man. A good deal has been said at sundry times about his admission to the French Academy, but the vacancies have been filled without him.

* * * * *

The London _Leader_ announces an abridged translation of AUGUSTE COMTE'S six volumes of _Positive Philosophy_, to appear as soon as is compatible with the exigencies of so important an undertaking. The _Leader_ says: "a very competent mind has long been engaged upon the task; and the growing desire in the public to hear more about this _Bacon_ of the nineteenth century, renders such a publication necessary." But we do not believe in the competence of any one who proposes an _abridgment_ of Comte: the idea is absurd. In this country, we believe, two full translations of the great Frenchman are in progress--one by Professor Gillespie, of which the Harpers have published the first volume, and another by one of the wisest and profoundest scholars of the time--a personal friend of Comte, thoroughly familiar with his system, and master of a style admirably suited for philosophical discussion.

* * * * *

JULES JANIN has published a new romance called _Gaite Champetre_. The preface has reached us in the feuilleton of the _Journal des Debats_. It is in the usual elaborate, learned, and fanciful, but most readable style of the author. He defends his calling as a mere man of letters, a student of form and style, in short an artist.

* * * * *

We mentioned not long ago (_International_, vol. iii. p. 214,) the pleasant letters of FERDINAND HILLER to a German Gazette, respecting his experiences among authors and artists in Paris. We see that Herr Hiller has been engaged by Mr. Lumley as musical director to Her Majesty's Theatre in London and the Italian Opera in Paris. He has filled the appointments of director to the Conservatoire and Maitre de Chapelle, at Cologne, for some considerable time. His post at the Conservatoire is to be occupied by M. Liszt. He will be an important accession to society as well as to the theatres in those cities.

* * * * *

DR. R. G. LATHAM, whose important works on _The Varieties of Man_, _The English Language_, _the Ethnology of the British Empire_, &c., are familiar to scholars, and have proved their author the most profound and sagacious writer, in a wide and difficult field of science, now living, has in press an edition of the _Germania_ of Tacitus, in which his philological acquisitions and his skill in conjectural history will have ample room for display.

* * * * *

MR. JAMES T. FIELDS was a passenger in the steamer Pacific, which left New-York on the 11th ult. for Liverpool. Mr. Fields will pass the coming winter in France and Italy.

* * * * *

We hear of four new histories of the war with Mexico, one of which will be in three large volumes, by an accomplished officer who served under General Scott.

* * * * *

MR. HORACE MANN is engaged on a work illustrating his ideas of the character, condition, and proper sphere of woman. He does not quite agree with Abby Kelly.

* * * * *

The old charge that

"Garth did not write his own Dispensary,"

has been revived with exquisite absurdity in the case of General Morris and the song of "Woodman, Spare that Tree!" We have not seen the original accusation which appeared in an obscure sheet in Boston, but we give place with pleasure to the letter of the poet. We can imagine nothing less "apt and of great credit," as Iago defines the requisites of a judicious calumny, than this figment. The characteristics of Morris's style are exceedingly marked, and are altogether different from those of Woodworth, who was an excellent songwriter and a most worthy man, but was as little like Morris in his literary manner as two men can be who write in the same age and country. There are among our living poets few fairer and purer literary reputations than that of General Morris; few that, in a covetous mood, one would be more disposed to envy. It lives not in the tumult of reckless criticism and the noisy dogmatism of friendly reviews, but in the sympathy and enjoyment of thousands of refined and feeling hearts. His calm, delicate, and simple genius has won its way quietly to an apprecient admiration that no assaults can disturb, and it may now look down upon most of its contemporaries without jealousy and without fear. It will shine in its clear brightness when many clamorous notorieties of the day are quenched in night and silence. The charge of the Boston editor is a mere buffoonery. He could not expect that so ridiculous a fabrication would be believed by any body. It is a device of common-place, stupid malice, designed only to annoy a very amiable man. Had we been of counsel with the poet we should have advised him to take no notice of the foolish slander; but as he has seen fit to write a very interesting note on the subject, we are happy to preserve it here. The gentleman to whom the note is addressed gives the following account of the circumstances:

"Some two or three months ago, the editor of the Boston
Sunday News, took General Morris's literary character
to task, and charged him with having obtained the
famous song of 'Woodman Spare that Tree,' from the late
Samuel Woodworth. In a word, he charged that the
General was not the author of a celebrated poem, which
has long been before the world in his name.

"As the editor in question was a friend of mine, and as
I knew that he had done General Morris great injustice,
I wrote him a long letter, in which I attempted to set
him right, and thus induce him if possible to render
unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's. In other words,
I hoped he would correct his misstatements. Instead of
complying with my expressed hope, he thanked me for my
letter--very kindly published it; but, in the very same
paper, repeated his original charge. In common justice
to General Morris, I beg leave to remark, in closing
this note, that I have known him intimately and well
the last thirty years, and that I never knew a poet or
author in any department of literature who was more
strictly original. He is incapable of the petty conduct
attributed to him, and would scorn to wear honors that
belong to another. A more honorable, high-minded
gentleman never lived."

HOME JOURNAL OFFICE, NEW-YORK, _September 22, 1851_.