Chapter III: Front Matter (3)

Giving further consideration to the situation among the Indians, the legislature of Massachusetts passed in 1869 what is known as _An Act to Enfranchise the Indians of the Commonwealth_. By this measure practically all Indians in that State were made citizens entitled to all the rights, privileges, and immunities and subject to all the duties and liabilities to which other citizens were entitled or subject. The same provision was made in the acts of 1884, 1890, 1892 and 1893.[17] With a proviso exempting from attachment or seizure on execution for a debt or liability existing before the passage of the law this measure further declared all Indian lands "rightfully held by any Indian in severalty and all such lands which had been or may be set off to any Indian should be and become the property of such person and his heirs in fee simple."[18]

The Indians thereby became vested not only with the rights of any other citizen to sell or control his interest in property whether legal or equitable but were given similar rights in the common lands which were transferable. Prior to this legislation the common lands had been exploited by the State for the benefit of those Indians having the status of wards. Recognizing only equitable rights of ownership in the Indians, the commonwealth kept their property under public guardianship to protect them from the consequences of their own improvidence. Indians had the right immediately to have their share of the common lands of the tribe transferred to them or sold for their special benefit. They were granted also the right to have their share in any funds or other property held in trust for the tribe turned over to them.

The Indians of the Marshpee and Gay Head settlements, however, were made exceptions in this case for the reason that the improvement in their condition was not adequate to justify the extension to them of the same treatment given others; but they were given these same rights in 1870.[19] By the Act of 1870 the district of Marshpee was abolished as such and incorporated as a town by that name. To establish the claim to the rights and privileges guaranteed other Indians in the Act of 1869, the Superior Court of the State was given jurisdiction and a board of Selectmen was constituted as the authority for making such applications instead of any member of a tribe.

It would seem that this legislation of 1869 and 1870 solved the problem of the wardship of Indians and free persons of color on the reservations. It developed thereafter, however, that all members of these communities were not in a position to maintain themselves. In 1902, therefore, it was enacted that the State Board of Charity upon the application of the overseers of the poor of any town should make provision in the State hospital or elsewhere for the support of Indians who may be unable to support themselves and have not acquired a settlement in any town. Upon the application of an Indian who received aid from the commonwealth prior to the twenty-third day of July in the year 1869, the State Board was obligated to furnish him in the State hospital or elsewhere such aid as it might consider expedient.

The provisions in the law of 1870 for the sale of certain lands in the proceeds of which these persons would share led to further action. In 1870 the probate court appointed commissioners to make partition of the common lands of the Marshpee Indians referred to in the Act of 1869. These commissioners did not make their report until 1878. In 1870 there was presented to the Superior Court by the Selectmen of Marshpee a petition for the division of common lands among the persons entitled thereto. In spite of argument to the contrary the Supreme Court of Massachusetts held that the members of the Indian tribes mentioned in the Act of 1869 acquired both legal and equitable rights in tenants in common of the undivided lands of the tribe which were transferable. It was provided in 1878 that the proceeds from the sale of such lands should be divided among the persons entitled to the land in proportion to their interests.

In 1870 the Gay Head district also was abolished and incorporated as a town. The Indians were guaranteed the same rights to lands in severalty and the division of common lands as in the case of other Indian communities thus disestablished. The partition of these lands was to be made in the Probate Court on application of the Selectmen or ten resident owners of such land. An Indian feeling aggrieved because of an invasion of his rights could appeal his case, according to the provision set forth in chapter 117 of the General Statutes of Massachusetts.[20]

Some of these Negroes from the very beginning of their association with the Indians took high rank.[21] The most prominent Negro of all, however, to come out of the Indian plantations was the celebrated Paul Cuffe, well known in this country and Europe by his efforts in behalf of African colonization. He was a native of the tribe of Dartmouth Indians, of mixed African and white descent. His important achievement was that of exploring the western coast of Africa with ships which he owned and fitted out and commanded and which he used in the transportation of Negroes to Africa where he was the first to undertake the deportation of freedmen from the United States, preparing the way for the organization of the American Colonization Society. On one of his voyages he visited England where he was received with marked attention by the nobility and the royalty itself. Men who knew Cuffe considered him a man of great character and respected him because of his being able by dint of energy to accumulate sufficient property to place himself in circumstances of pecuniary independence. Some of his descendants remained in the vicinity of the original Dartmouth Indians but others moved to California.[22]

Several families of Negroes in Massachusetts trace their ancestry back to these Indians. According to the Attorney General of Massachusetts, there are no special records kept at present of Negroes or persons of color who had interbreeded with Indians as regards the receipts by them of pensions from the commonwealth given as the result of having been dispossessed of their lands. Some persons of color assert, however, that they are the direct descendants of King Philip and Massasoit. Because of this close connection with the Indians it was necessary for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on dispossessing the Indians of their lands to give these persons of color the benefits of the acts securing remuneration to the Indians. As these lands were disposed of regardless of the rights of the Indians, the State has assumed the obligation of satisfying these claims by pensioning the complainants.

Mr. William George Butler, of West Medford, Massachusetts, a man now sixty years of age, receives such a pension. Mr. Butler's father came to Boston from Baltimore about 1815 and married a woman of color with an infusion of Indian blood. In looking up her estate this connection was discovered and a petition was sent to the Massachusetts Legislature in her favor. Upon the investigation of her claim, which proved to be just, she was granted a pension of $250 a year, which Butler inherited.[23] In the following list of persons and tribes from which are descended all Indians who are at present receiving pensions from the Commonwealth, of Massachusetts, however, appear several Negroes or persons of color.[24] These are:

Lemuel D. and Anna Burr Ponkapoag
Fannie S. Butler Wampanoag
William G. Butler Wampanoag
James L. Cisco Hassanamisco
Delia L. Daley Oneida
Alice Gigger Hassanamisco
Elbridge G. Gigger Hassanamisco
Angela M. Leach Pegon and Dudley
Rebecca C. Hammond Algonquin
Teeweleema Mitchell Wampanoag {Descendants of King
Wontonekamuske Mitchell Wampanoag {Phillip and Massasoit
Sarah B. Pocknett Algonquin
Zeriah Robinson Wampanoag
Samantha Talbot Oneida

C. G. Woodson

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Documents printed by order of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts during the Session of the Grand Court_, 1861, No. 96, p. 10.

[2] The figures given by _The Centinel_ differed a little from these. According to its census in 1765, Barnstable had 516 Indians instead of 515; Bristol had 401 Negroes and 167 Indians; Essex 977 Negroes instead of 1,070; Middlesex 871 Negroes and 37 Indians; Nantucket 93 Indians instead of 149; Norfolk 420 Negroes instead of 414; Plymouth 223 Indians instead of 227; Suffolk 891 Negroes instead of 844; Worcester 304 Negroes instead of 267. See J. H. Benton's _Early Census making in Massachusetts_.

[3] _Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861_, No. 96, passim.

[4] _Documents printed by order of the Senate of Massachusetts, 1861_, No. 96, p. 84.

[5] _Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861_, No. 96, p. 10.

[6] _Ibid._, p. 34.

[7] The Laws of Massachusetts, 1811.

[8] _Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861_, No. 96, pp. 38-39.

[9] Laws of Massachusetts, 1828.

[10] "Sixty-six out of the whole number of the tribe, at the time of the enumeration, were not residents of the District; but 52 of them were considered as retaining their rights in the tribe, and more than half of the 66 were understood to be only temporary residents abroad, expecting, at some time, to return to Marshpee, and make it their permanent place of residence. A few others, as a matter of personal convenience, are now residing just over the line, and are so returned, but they consider themselves as identified with the tribe in all respects, and are so considered by the tribe. Fourteen individuals, included in the above 66, whose names are in the 'Supplementary List,' own no land in the District, but have been gone so long from it, that they are not now recognized by residents as members of the tribe." _Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861_, No. 96, p. 40.

[11] _Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861_, No. 96, p. 47.

[12] _Ibid._, pp. 73-74.

[13] _Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861_, No. 96, p. 84.

[14] _Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861_, No. 96, p. 101.

[15] _Ibid._, p. 109.

[16] _Ibid._, pp. 131-132.

[17] _Massachusetts Acts of 1884, 1890, 1892, and 1893._

[18] _Massachusetts Acts of 1869_, Chapter 463.

[19] "A method was also provided through which his title might be established. This was through Commissioners which were to be appointed by the Probate Court who were to act under the direction of the Court and determine all necessary questions and make their report from which the Court could make its order or decrees. Any person who deemed himself aggrieved had the right to appeal to the Supreme Judicial Court. The right of the Indians became vested and forcible the moment the statute took effect." See a statement from the present Attorney General of Massachusetts, dated December 1, 1919.

[20] "Section 5, chapter 463 of the Acts of 1869 provided that the general agent of the board of state charities shall take charge of the house, and all property connected therewith, in the town of Webster, belonging to the Commonwealth and permission was given him to lease the same to persona heretofore known as members of the Dudley tribe of Indians, upon terms substantially like those upon which they have heretofore occupied it; or to sell the same at public auction under the direction of the state board of charities and pay the proceeds of such lease or sale into the Treasury of the Commonwealth." Statement of present Attorney General of Massachusetts, submitted December 1, 1919.

[21] Samuel A. Drake, _History of Middlesex County. Massachusetts_, pp. 194, 280.

[22] John W. Cromwell, _The Negro in American History_, 98-103.

[23] These facts were obtained from Mr. Butler himself.

[24] This list was obtained from the office of the Attorney General of Massachusetts.

DOCUMENTS

To meet the demand for an enlargement of the liberty granted the Indians and the mixed breeds living on the reservations, the Massachusetts Legislature enacted in 1861 the following measure intended to offer every ambitious one of these groups a way of escape from the wardship of the State and at the same time safeguarding the interests of those who objected to having turned loose upon society a large number of dependents who could not function as persons having a permanent attachment to the community and primarily concerned with the welfare of the body politic.

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.

IN THE YEAR ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND SIXTY-ONE.

AN ACT

CONCERNING THE INDIANS OF THE COMMONWEALTH

_Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in
General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as
follows:_--

Sect. 1. All Indians and descendants of Indians in this State are
hereby placed on the same legal footing as the other inhabitants
of the Commonwealth, excepting those who are supported, or have
been, in whole or in part, by the State, and excepting also,
those residing on the Indian plantations of the Chappequiddick,
Christiantown, Gay Head, Marshpee, Herring Pond, Fall River, and
Dudley tribes, or those whose homes are thereon and are only
temporarily absent.

Sect. 2. Any Indian or person of color, belonging to either of
the tribes before mentioned, and residing within the limits of
any town or city of this Commonwealth, to whom the right of
citizenship is not extended by the first section of this act but
who wishes to exercise that privilege, may certify the same in
writing to the clerk of the town or city where he resides, who
shall make record of the same: and upon paying a poll tax, he
shall become, to all intents and purposes, a citizen of the
State, and shall not, thenceforward, return to the legal
condition of an Indian. And settlement shall be required, by
those who become citizens, under the provisions of this act, in
the same manner they are acquired by other persons, under the
General Statutes of the Commonwealth.

Sect. 3. It shall be the duty of the governor, by and with the
advice and consent of the council, to appoint an able, discreet,
and suitable person, to be Indian commissioner, who shall hold
his office for the term of three years, unless sooner removed by
the governor and council. And the governor and council shall fill
all vacancies which shall happen in said office, by death,
resignation, expiration of said term, or otherwise. It shall be
the duty of said commissioner to exercise a careful supervision
over the affairs of all the Indians of the Commonwealth, not
endowed by the provisions of this act, with the rights of
citizenship, and to aid them, by advice, counsel, and whatever
other suitable means may be within his control, to promote their
welfare, to improve their general condition, and to qualify
themselves, judiciously, and with safety to themselves and
others, to be placed, at as early a time as may be, on the same
legal footing as the other inhabitants of the Commonwealth. He
shall exercise all the powers, perform all the duties, and be
subject to all the restrictions, responsibilities and
liabilities, which now by law appertain to the treasurer of
Marshpee, and to the guardians of other tribes except so far as
they may be charged or varied by the provisions of this act; and
he shall give bonds, to the satisfaction of the governor and
council, for the faithful performance of such trust.

Sect. 4. The said commissioner shall, as soon as is convenient,
after his appointment, cause a registration to be made, on the
basis of the general registration of the State, of all the
members of the several tribes, specifying the parentage and date
of the birth of each, as near as can be ascertained, and the date
of all marriages of parties now living, with all the particulars,
that are now required of town clerks, by the laws of the State,
and having completed the same, up to the time required by law for
the last preceding return to be made, he shall, thenceforward
make and keep a true registration of all the births, marriages,
and deaths, in each of the said tribes, and shall annually make
due return thereof, the whole to be done in the same manner as is
required of town clerks, and under the same liabilities and
conditions that are, by law, imposed upon them.

Sect. 5. The said commissioner shall, in concurrence with the
proper officers of the Gay Head tribe, cause a survey of all the
land held in severalty, by the members of said tribe, setting out
the same to each, by betes and bounds, and, when the survey is
complete, shall cause a record of the portion of each proprietor
to be made in the registry of deeds, of the county of Dukes
County, and thereupon, the legal title shall vest in the several
proprietors thereof, their heirs, and assigns, forever:
_provided, however_, that no land on the plantation shall ever be
alienated from the tribe or be held or possessed by any person
who is not a member thereof; and when ever the family of any
proprietor becomes extinct, the real estate of said proprietor
shall revert to said tribe and become the property thereof, in
common. And whenever, hereafter, any common land shall be taken
up to be occupied and possessed in severalty, by any member of
the tribe, having the concurrence of the tribe therein, the same
shall be surveyed, set forth, and recorded, under the supervision
of said commissioner, as is above provided; and no title to any
common land, to be held in severalty, on said plantation shall be
acquired in any other manner.

Sect. 6. The said commission shall cause a survey to be made of
the Indian plantation at Fall River and the bounds thereof to be
renewed, agreeably to the surveys made by order of the State in
one thousand seven hundred and sixty-three. He shall ascertain to
whom the several lots belong by hereditary descent from the
proprietors to whom they belonged in one thousand seven hundred
and sixty-four, so far as descendants of said proprietors still
remain, and shall designate the same by the numbers of the lots
respectively; and in the same manner, he shall designate the
several lots, if such there be, of which the families of the
former proprietors have become extinct, and shall make return of
the same to the governor and council, for the use of the
legislature, and shall report such other facts connected
therewith as may be useful to them, and shall recommend such
disposition of the land remaining in common, as in his judgment,
shall be most conducive to the welfare of the Indians, and of the
State.

Sect. 7. The said commissioner shall, as soon as the performance
of the duties of his office shall have made him sufficiently
acquainted with the necessities and wants of the Indians, and
with the other facts necessary to qualify him for the service,
prepare a bill embodying a system for governing, managing, and
regulating the affairs of the several tribes, as nearly uniform
in its provision respecting them severally, as the circumstances
of the different tribes will permit, as a substitute for the
present laws on that subject, and report the same to the governor
and council for the consideration of the legislature, accompanied
by the reasons on which the several provisions therein
recommended are sustained.

Sect. 8. The Indians and people of color on Gay Head, and the
officers by them appointed for the purpose, shall have the same
powers in the management of their municipal affairs, and in
relation to the employment of teachers, and the making and
enforcing of all rules for the regulation and government of their
schools, that by law are exercised by the inhabitants and
corresponding officers of the several towns of the Commonwealth:
_provided, however_, that this shall not be construed to
authorize the alienation of any of the territory of the
plantation: and _provided, further_, that no person shall be
authorized to vote in municipal affairs, except natives of the
Gay Head tribe, natives of other Indian tribes of this State
married or having been married to a Gay Head woman and resident
on the plantation, or such other person resident on the
plantation and married or having been married to a Gay Head
woman, as shall have the right conferred on him by a vote of
two-thirds of the voters of the plantation.

Sect. 9. All acts and parts of acts heretofore passed, so far as
they conflict with the provisions of this act, are hereby
repealed.

Sect. 10. This act shall take effect from and after its passage.

If the legislature should decide not to authorize the appointment
of a single commissioner for the State, I would propose the
passage of the same Bill with the following amendments:--

Strike out the whole of section 3.

Strike out in section 4 the words "said commissioner shall, as
soon as is convenient after his appointment," and insert the
words--clerks of Marshpee, the guardians of the several
plantation tribes, and the clerk of Gay Head shall.

In section 5, strike out the words "said commissioner," and
insert the words--guardians of the Chappequiddick and
Christiantown tribes. Also, in the latter portion of the same
section, strike out the word "commissioner" and insert the
word--guardian.

In section 6, strike out the words "said commissioner," and
insert the words--guardian of the Troy or Fall River tribe.

Strike out section 7, entire.

Alter the numbering of the sections after 2, to correspond to the
changes.

Insert the following section after section 8:--

Sect. --. No person shall be entitled to support by any tribe in
the State, of whose parents, one only was an Indian, and whose
residence was not on the plantation of the tribe at the time of
his birth, unless the rights of himself or parents as members of
the tribe, shall have been subsequently recognized by the tribe.

SOME NEGRO MEMBERS OF RECONSTRUCTION CONVENTIONS AND LEGISLATURES AND OF CONGRESS[1]

No systematic effort has hitherto been made to save the records of the Negro during the Reconstruction period. American public opinion has been so prejudiced against the Negroes because of their elevation to prominence in southern politics that it has been considered sufficient to destroy their regime and forget it. As future historians will seek for facts beyond those compiled by biased investigators now writing monographs in this field, a few persons realizing the importance of preserving the records in which the actual facts are set forth, are now directing the attention of the country to this neglected aspect of our history. These lists of suggestive names of the men who figured conspicuously in this recent drama will be decidedly useful in the collection of facts adequate to the presentation of both sides of the question. These lists are far from being complete. This is but a step in the right direction and persons in possession of such facts are earnestly urged to cooeperate in collecting them.

It has been extremely difficult to determine the race of the members of the various Reconstruction bodies. The lists of members as published in the Journals of the legislatures do not indicate the race. This has to be determined by contemporary information. The methods used by other persons and agencies in identifying the race have been various. The Negro members of the North Carolina General Assembly, for example, were indicated by the figure 37 in the State Manual listing all persons who had been in the Assembly. Where no such information could be obtained from printed matter, it has been necessary to rely upon information obtained from individuals who participated in the Reconstruction.

NEGRO MEMBERS OF THE ALABAMA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, 1867[2]

District Name County
1st John Carraway Mobile
Ovide Gregory Mobile
6th Thomas Diggs Barbour
7th B. F. Royal Bullock
13th Washington Johnson Russell
15th Peyton Finley Montgomery
16th H. Stokes Dallas
J. Hatcher Dallas
17th J. Wright McLeod Marengo
18th Benjamin Inge Sumter
19th Samuel Blanden Lee
21st Thomas Lee Perry
22nd J. K. Greene Hale
B. F. Alexander Greene
42nd Lafayette Robinson Madison
C. Jones Madison
43rd J. T. Rapier Lauderdale

NEGRO MEMBERS OF THE ALABAMA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, 1875[2]

District Name County
H. A. Carson Lowndes
25th A. H. Curtis Perry
21st G. S. W. Lewis Perry

_Senate_[3]

Session 1872-1874

Name County
Jeremiah Haralson Dallas
J. W. Jones Lowndes
Lloyd Leftwich Greene
B F. Royal Bullock

Session 1874-1875 and 1875-1876

Name County
A. A. Curtis Perry
J. K. Greene Hale
Jeremiah Haralson[4] Dallas
J. W. Jones Lowndes
Lloyd Leftwich Greene
B. F. Royal Bullock

_House_

Session 1868 and 1869-1870

Name County
Benjamin Alexander Greene
J. H. Alston Macon
Matt Avery Perry
Samuel Blandon Lee
N. A. Brewington Lowndes
John Carraway (Speaker of House) Mobile
George Cox Montgomery
Thomas Diggs Barbour
Joseph Draun Dallas
J. K. Greene Hale
Ovide Gregory Mobile
George Houston Sumter
Benjamin Inge Sumter
C. Jones Madison
G. S. W. Lewis Perry
David Law Barbour
Jeff McCally Madison
H. W. W. Rice Talladega
James Shaw Mobile
Lawrence S. Speed Bullock
Holland Thompson Montgomery
William V. Turner Elmore
Latty J. Williams Montgomery
Henry Young Lowndes

Session 1870-1871 and 1871-1872

Name County
H. Craig Montgomery
A. H. Curtis Perry
Thomas Diggs Barbour
John Dozier Perry
William D. Gaskins Lowndes
Ned Gee Dallas
J. K. Greene Hale
Jeremiah Haralson Dallas
R. L. Johnson Dallas
Lawrence S. Speed Bullock
Henry St. Clair Macon
Holland Thompson Montgomery
Mansfield Tyler Lowndes
Latty J. Williams Montgomery

_House_

Session 1872-1873 and 1873-1874

Name County
W. E. Carson Lowndes
T. J. Clark Barbour
Mentor Dotson Sumter
John Dozier Perry
Hale Ellsworth Montgomery
Samuel Fantroy Barbour
J. H. Goldsby Dallas
J. K. Green Hale
R. L. Johnson Dallas
Reuben Jones Madison
G. S. W. Lewis Perry
Perry Matthews Bullock
January Maul Lowndes
G. R. Miller Russell
Willis Merriweather Wilcox
S. J. Patterson Autauga
George Patterson Macon
Robert Reid Sumter
Bristo W. Reese Hale
Lawrence S. Speed Bullock
Henry St. Clair Macon
Lawson Stelle Montgomery
F. H. Threat Marengo
J. R. Treadwell Russell
Thomas Walker Dallas
E. A. Williams Barbour
Latty J. Williams Montgomery
William V. Turner, _Assistant Clerk_ Elmore
Phillip Joseph, _Engrossing Clerk_ Mobile
W. H. Council, _Assistant Engrossing Clerk_ Madison
C. O. Harris, _Assistant Enrolling Clerk_ Montgomery
Stephen Russell, _Page_ Montgomery

_House_

Session 1874-1875 and 1875-1876

Name County
Elijah Baldwin Wilcox
W. H. Blevins Dallas
Matt Boyd Perry
H. V. Cashin Montgomery
Elijah Cook Montgomery
Charles Fagan Montgomery
W. D. Gaskin[5] Lowndes
Captain Gilmer Montgomery
C. E. Harris Dallas
A. W. Johnson Macon
Samuel Lee Lowndes
G. S. W. Lewis Perry
Jacob Martin Dallas
P. Matthews Bullock
G. W. Allen Bullock
Willis Merriweather Wilcox
George Patterson Macon
Bristo W. Reese Hale
Robert Reid Sumter
C. S. Smith Bullock
Manly Wynne Hale
H. A. Carson[6] Lowndes
E. W. Locke[6] Wilcox

NEGRO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM ALABAMA

Year Name County Congress
1871-1873 Benjamin F. Turner Dallas 43rd
1873-1875 James T. Rapier Lauderdale 43rd
1875-1877 Jeremiah Haralson Dallas 44th

James H. Alston was a member of the Alabama Legislature for Macon County, 1868 and 1869-79. He was a shoemaker by trade and had formerly been a slave. It was reported that before the war there was a Military Company in the town of Tuskegee. The members of this company desired to have a drummer, and for this purpose they sent to South Carolina and bought James H. Alston. It was thought that he came from Charleston.

Henry Young was a member of the Alabama Legislature about 1868 and 1869-70. He was a slave who could read and write, having been taught by his master's children. He would, somewhat like Frederick Douglass, spell out the words on letters that he was called upon to deliver or to get from the post office, and in this way he also increased his ability to read.

CONWAY, ARK.,--October 14, 1916.

NEGROES IN POLITICS IN ARKANSAS DURING RECONSTRUCTION

In the constitutional convention of 1868, there were 8 Negro delegates, that is, J. W. Mason, Richard Samuels, William Murphy, Monroe Hawkins, William Grey, James T. White, Henry Rector and Thomas P. Johnson. (_Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of 1868_, pages 2 to 5.)

Negroes in the Arkansas Legislature: Session April 2 to July 23, 1869, and session November 17, 1868, to April 10, 1869, were seven Negro members of whom J. W. Mason, the leading Negro in the Senate; W. H. Grey, leading Negro in the House. (_Daily Republican_, Oct. 1, 1868).

In the Legislature of January 2 to March 25, 1871, there were eleven Negro members: J. W. Mason and J. T. White in the Senate: J. M. Alexander, Austin Barrow, Conway Barbour, John Webb, Adam Johnson, Jeff Haskins, A. Mays, William Young, Carl Pope, A. J. Robinson, E. A. Fulton in the House. (_Daily Republican_, March 25, 1871.)

In the 19th session, January 6 to April 25, 1873, the last session before Baxter called his special session, something less than one fifth of all the members were Negroes. I have been unable to ascertain the exact number in this session, but from the standpoint of numbers, I would judge that there is no great difference between this session and the previous one. _The Arkansas Gazette_ of January 12, 1873, says of the Negro members: "There are a few men among these colored members who are bright and intelligent, and much superior to some white members, but as a rule, this is not the case."

(Signed) THOMAS S. STAPLES,
Hendrix College
Conway, Arkansas

NEGRO MEMBERS OF THE FLORIDA LEGISLATURE DURING RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD AND AFTER

_Senate_

Year Name County
1880-1888 H. W. Chandler Marion
1881 T. V. Gibbs Duval
80's Joseph E. Lee Duval
.... Thomas W. Long Marion
1881 Robert Meacham Jefferson
1881-1865 Daniel C. Martin Alachua
.... G. W. Proctor Jefferson
1863 John E. Proctor Leon
80's Egbert C. Sammis Duval
.... John Wallace Leon

_Representatives_

Year Name County
1885 Edward I. Alexander[7] Madison
.... Josiah Armstrong Columbia
.... Henry Black Jefferson
1879 Kellis B. Bonner Marion
.... James Dean Bryant Monroe
.... William Bradwell Duval
1881-83 Joseph N. Clinton Alachua
1881 Wallace B. Carr Leon
.... Lucian Fisher Leon
.... John Ford Leon
.... Samuel Frazier Leon
.... Robert Gabriel Monroe
.... Alfred Grant Duval
1881 David E. Jacobs Marion
Before 1881 Isaac Jenkins Leon
.... A. J. Junius Jefferson
.... Thorns W. Long Marion
1889-91 George A. Lewis[8]
80's Joseph E. Lee Duval
.... Samuel Petty Nassau
1881-83 (about) A. B. Osgood
.... Charles H. Pierce Leon
80's Riley E. Robinson Nassau
.... Henry St. Clair Hernando
.... John R. Scott, Sr. Duval
.... I. E. Purcell Putnam

_Representatives_

Year Name County
1889-91 John R. Scott, Jr. Duval
.... Charles Shavers Monroe
.... Rev. Catherine B. Simmons Duval
80's Peter Okes Jefferson
.... W. G. Stewart Leon
Before 1881 John N. Stokes Leon
.... N. Trenton Alachua
.... Josiah T. Walls Alachua
Probably before 1881 R. W. Washington Jefferson
80's George W. Wetmore Duval
1881-83 W. A. Wilkinson Marion
.... George W. Witherspoon Escambia

Joseph N. Clinton was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 4, 1854, and was reared in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended the Institute For Colored Youth and then entered Lincoln University, where he was graduated in 1873. He then taught school in South Carolina, Maryland and Florida. In addition to being a member of the Florida Legislature, 1881-83, he was clerk in the United States Land Office of Florida. He was Inspector of Customs at Pensacola, and for fourteen years held the position of Internal Revenue Collector at Tampa.

H. W. Chandler was Senator, Marion County, 1880-1888. For sketch of early life, see Simmons' _Men of Mark_. He was delegate to the National Republican Convention 1884-1908. He was Inspector of Customs at Tampa from May 1908 to December 1913.

George H. Mays was marshal of Jacksonville. This was an elective office. The position made him head of police force with appointive powers.

James Dean was County Judge, Monroe County in 1889, but served less than one year. He was impeached for issuing license to a colored Cuban man to marry a white Cuban woman. This a custom in Cuba. Dean was impeached on ground that he had issued license to Negro to marry a white woman. He was summarily removed without a hearing. This was said to have been a put-up job, as the man was secured to get a license. Dean did not have a trial. The only way to get case reviewed was to institute quo warranto proceedings. To do this, it was necessary to get the permission of the State's Attorney General to use the State's name. He was not able to do this.

Mitchell Chappelle was Negro Mayor of LaVilla. Formerly these were two adjoining towns, Jacksonville and LaVilla. The two are now Jacksonville.

Charles Dupont was reported as being sheriff of Monroe County about 27 years ago.

In 1887 Republicans went out of power in Florida. The Constitutional Convention put Negroes and Republicans out.

NEGRO MEMBERS OF THE GEORGIA LEGISLATURE, 1868-69

_Senate_

Year District Name
1868-68 ...... A. Alpeoria Bradley (expelled).
1868-69 2nd Tunis G. Campbell (unseated, 1868-69)[10]
reseated in 1870.
1868-69 20th George Wallace (unseated, 1868-69)[10]
reseated in 1870.

_House_

Year Name County

1868-69 T .M. Allen Jasper Unseated 1862-69, Reseated in 1870[10]
E. Barnes Hancock " " " "
T. G. Campbell McIntosh " " " "
G. H. Clower Monroe " " " "
A. Colby Greene " " " "
J. T. Costin Talbot " " " "
Monday Floyd Warren " " " "
S. Gardner Warren " " " "
W. A. Golden Liberty " " " "
W. H. Harrison Hancock " " " "
U. L. Houston Bryan " " " "
Philip Joiner Dougherty " " " "
George Linder Laurens " " " "
R. Lumpkin Macon Unseated 1862-69, Reseated in 1870[10]
Romulus Moore Columbia " " " "
Peter O 'Neal Baldwin " " " "
James Porter Chatham " " " "
A. Richardson Clarke " " " "
J. M. Sims Chatham " " " "
Abram Smith Muscogee " " " "
Alexander Stone Jefferson " " " "
H. M. Turner Bibb " " " "
J. Warren Glynn " " " "
Samuel Williams Burke " " " "
M. Claiborne Harris " " " "
R. B. Hall Burke " " " "
---- Beard[11] Richmond
Madison Davis[11] Clarke
---- Fyall[11] Macon

_House_

Year Name County
1871 James Blue[12] Glynn
1872 " " "
1873 " " "
1874 " " "
1874 " " "
1875 " " "
1876 " " "
1877 " " "
1878 Thomas M. Butler[12] Camden
1879 " " "
1884 A. Wilson[12] Camden
1885 " " "
1886 Lectured Crawford[12] McIntosh
1887 " " "
1890 " " "
John M. Holzendorf Camden
1891 Lectured Crawford McIntosh
John M. Holzendorf Camden
1900 Lectured Crawford McIntosh
H. A. McKay[12] Liberty
1901 Lectured Crawford McIntosh
H. A. McKay Liberty
1902 W. H. Rogers12] McIntosh
1903 " " " "
1904 " " " "
1905 " " " "
1906 " " " "
1907 " " " "
1908 " " " "

LIST OF NEGRO MEMBERS IN MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE--1870

_Senate_

Name County
Rev. H. R. Revels Adams
Rev. William Gray Washington
Rev. T. W. Stringer Warren
Charles Caldwell Hinds
Rubert Gleed Lowndes

_House_

Name County
Charles P. Head Warren
Peter Barrow Warren
Albert Johnson Warren
Henry Mayson Hinds
C. F. Norris Hinds
J. F. Bolden Lowndes
John R. Lynch Adams
H. P. Jacobs Adams
Edmund Scarborough Holmes
Cicero Mitchell Holmes
Dr. J. J. Spellman Madison
William Holmes Monroe
Isham Stewart Noxubee
Nathan McNeese Noxubee
A. R. Davis Noxubee
John Morgan Washington
Dr. Stiles Washington
W. H. Fonte Yazoo
Ambrose Henderson Chickasaw
M. T. Newsom Claiborne
Emanuel Handy Copiah
Merrimon Howard Jefferson
J. Aaron Moore Lauderdale
David Higgins Oktibbeha
C. A. Yancy Panola
J. H. Piles Panola
H. M. Faley Wilkinson
George W. White Wilkinson
C. M. Bowles Bolivar
Richard Griggs Issaquena
George Charles Lawrence

John R. Lynch elected speaker of the House.

H. R. Revels elected to United State Senate for the unexpired term.

--From J. M. Garner, _Reconstruction in Mississippi_, New York, 1901.

NEGROES ELECTED IN 1871[13]

Name County
Henry P. Jacobs Adams
Reuben Kendrick Amite
Joseph Smothers Claiborne
Thomas McCain DeSota
Monroe Bell Hinds
William Johnson Hinds
F. Stewart Holmes
Richard Griggs Issaquena
William Landers Jefferson
Alfred Handy Madison
Arthur Brooks Monroe
A. K. Davis Noxubee
Randle Nettles Oktibbeha
John Cocke Panola
H. C. Carter Warren
F. D. Shadd Warren
J. H. Morgan Washington
H. M. Foley Wilkinson
James M. Dixon Yazoo
R. W. Houston Issaquena
John R. Lynch Adams
G. W. Gayles Bolivar
Emanuel Handy Copiah
J. H. Johnson DeSota
Charles Reese Hinds
H. H. Truehart Holmes
Perry Howard Holmes
James D. Cessar Jefferson
James J. Spelman Madison
James Hill Marshall
William Holmes Monroe
Isham Stewart Noxubee
James H. Piles Panola
Gilbert Smith Tunica
W. H. Mallory Warren
Charles W. Bush Warren
John D. Webster Washington
George W. White Wilkinson
F. D. Wade Yazoo

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS FOR MISSISSIPPI

Josiah T. Settle was a member of the House from Panola in 1883-84.

G. W. Gayles was a member of the House 1873-77 and a member of the Senate 1877 to some time after 1886. He was the last Negro to be a member of the Mississippi Senate. For sketch of his career see Simmons' _Men of Mark_, 379-381.

Garner, _Reconstruction in Mississippi_, page 294, gives Negro members of the Mississippi Legislature for 1873 as Senate, 9; House, 55. On page 402, for 1876, Senate, 5; House, 16. Total membership, Senate, 37. Total membership, House, 116.

NEGRO MEMBERS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA RECONSTRUCTION CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS, 1868 AND 1875

Dates of the Conventions January 14-March 17, 1868, and September 6-October 11, 1875. Total members of each Convention 120. Negro members, 13 in Convention of 1868, and 5 in Convention of 1875.

County Year Name
Bertie 1868 P. D. Robbins
Bryant Lee
Caswell 1868 Wilson Cary
Caswell 1875 Wilson Cary
Craven 1868 C. D. Pierson
Duplin 1868 J. W. Petterson
Samuel Highsmith
Edgcombe 1868 Henry C. Cherry
Edgcombe 1875 W. P. Mabson
Franklin 1868 John H. Williamson
Halifax 1868 Henry Epps
W. J. T. Hayes
Halifax 1875 J E. O'Hara
New Hanover 1868 A. H. Galloway
New Hanover 1875 J. H. Smythe
Wake 1868 James H. Harris
Warren 1868 John Hyman
Warren 1875 J. O. Crosby

NEGRO MEMBERS OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA DURING RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD AND AFTER[15]

County Year Senatorial Senators Representatives
District
Bertie 1868 ... ... Parker D. Robbins
Bertie 1870 ... Parker D. Robbins
Bertie 1876 3rd George A. Mebane ...
Bertie 1881 ... Augustus Robbins
Bertie 1883 3rd George A. Mebane ...
Bladen 1874 ... John Newell
Bladen 1879 ... John Newell
Bladen 1881 ... John Newell
Bladen 1883 ... John Newell
Caswell 1868 ... Wilson Cary
Caswell 1870 24th Wilson Cary ...
Caswell 1874 ... Wilson Cary
Caswell 1876 ... Wilson Cary
Caswell 1879 ... Wilson Cary
Caswell 1883 ... James W. Poe
Caswell 1889 ... Wilson Cary
Chowan 1870 ... John R. Page
Chowan 1874 ... Richard Elliott
Craven 1868 ... A. W. Stevens
B. W. Morris
Craven 1870 ... R. Tucker
E. R. Dudley
G. B. Willis
Craven 1872 ... I. B. Abbott
E. R. Dudley
Craven 1874 8th Richard Tucker John R. Good
Edward H. Hill
Craven 1879 ... Willis D. Pettipher
Craven 1881 ... J. (Geo.) H. White
Craven 1885 8th George H. White John E. Hussey
Craven 1887 8th Charles C. Clark John E. Hussey
Craven 1889 ... John E. Hussey
Craven 1899 ... Isaac H. Smith
Cumberland 1868 ... John S. Leary
Isham Sweat
Edgecombe 1868 ... Henry C. Cherry
Edgecombe 1870 ... Willis Bunn
R. M. Johnson
Edgecombe 1872 7th Henry Eppes Willis Bunn
Edgecombe 1874 5th W. P. Mabson Willis Bunn
Edgecombe 1876 5th W. P. Mabson Willis Bunn
Edgecombe 1883 5th Robert R. Gray A. R. Bridgers
Edgecombe 1885 5th R. S. Taylor B. W. Thorpe
Edgecombe 1887 5th R. S. Taylor
Franklin 1868 ... John H. Williamson
Franklin 1870 ... John H. Williamson
Franklin 1872 ... John H. Williamson
Franklin 1876 ... John H. Williamson
Franklin 1887 ... John H. Williamson
Granville 1868 ... Cuffie Mayo
A. A. Crawford
Granville 1870 ... W. H. Reavis
Granville 1872 ... H. T. Hughes
Granville 1874 ... W. H. Crews
H. T. Hughes
Granville 1876 21st Hanson T. Hughes W. H. Crews
Granville 1893 ... W. H. Crews
Halifax 1868 6th Henry Epps H. T. J. Hayes
Ivey Hutchings
Halifax 1870 6th Henry Epps John R. Bryant
Halifax 1872 4th Henry Epps John R. Bryant
Halifax 1874 4th John R. Bryant J. A. Jones
John A. White
Halifax 1876 4th John R. Bryant John A. White
Halifax 1879 4th Henry Eppes John A. White
Halifax 1887 4th Henry Eppes John A. White
Hertford 1870 ... W. D. Newsom
New Hanover 1868 13th A. H. Galloway George W. Price
John S. W. Eagle
New Hanover 1870 13th G. W. Price, Jr. G. L. Mabson
New Hanover 1872 12th George L. Mabson Wm. H. McLaurin
Alfred Lloyd
New Hanover 1874 ... H. Brewington
W. H. Moore
Alfred Lloyd
New Hanover 1876 12th W. H. Moore J. C. Hill
New Hanover 1879 ... H. E. Scott
New Hanover 1881 12th H. E. Scott ...
New Hanover 1883 12th H. E. Scott ...
Northampton 1883 ... Wiley Baker
Wake 1868 ... James H. Harris
Wake 1870 ... Willis Morgan
Stewart Ellison
Wake 1872 18th James H. Harris Stewart Ellison
Wake 1879 ... Stewart Ellison
Wake 1883 ... James H. Harris
Wake 1895 ... James H. Young
Wake 1897 ... James H. Young
Warren 1868 20th John A. Hyman William Cawthorn
Richard Falkner
Warren 1870 20th John A. Hyman William Cawthorn
Richard Falkner
Warren 1872 19th John A. Hyman J. W.H. Paschall
Warren 1874 19th John M. Paschall
Warren 1879 19th Isaac Alston
Warren 1891 19th Isaac Alston
Washington 1881 ... Alexander Hicks

NUMBER WHITE AND NEGRO MEMBERS EACH SESSION OF THE ASSEMBLY IN WHICH THERE WERE NEGRO MEMBERS

(Number Senators in Assembly, 50; Representatives, 120)

Year White Negro

1868 Senators 47 3
Representatives 102 18
1870 Senators 46 4
Representatives 101 19
1872 Senators 45 5
Representatives 108 12
1874 Senators 45 4
Representatives 107 13
1876 Senators 45 5
Representatives 113 7
1879 Senators 48 2
Representatives 114 6
1881 Senators 49 1
Representatives 116 4
1883 Senators 47 3
Representatives 115 5
1885 Senators 48 2
Representatives 118 2
1887 Senators 47 3
Representatives 117 3
1889 Senators 50 -
Representatives 118 2
1891 Senators 49 1
Representatives 120 -
1893 Senators 50 -
Representatives 119 1
1895 Senators 50 -
Representatives 119 1
1897 Senators 50 -
Representatives 119 1
1899 Senators 49 1
Representatives 119 1

DELEGATES TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION[16] HELD AT CHARLESTON, JANUARY 14 TO MARCH 18, 1868[17]

Abbeville--John A. Hunter, B. Milford, white; H. J. Lomax, W. N. Joiner, Thomas Williamson, colored.

Anderson--William Perry, N. J. Newall, white; Samuel Johnson, colored.

Berkeley--M. F. Becker, D. H. Chamberlain, Timothy Hurley, Joseph H. Jenks, A. C. Richmond, white; William Jervey, Benjamin Byas, W. H. W. Gray, George Lee, colored.

Beaufort--J. D. Bell, R. G. Holmes, white; F. E. Wilder, L. S. Langley, W. J. Whipper, Robert Smalls, J. J. Wright, colored.

Barnwell--C. P. Leslie, Niles G. Parker, white; James N. Hayne, A. Middleton, C. D. Hayne, Julius Mayer, colored.

Charleston--A. G. Mackey, C. C. Bowen, Gilbert Pillsbury, white; F. L. Cardozo, William McKinlay, R. H. Cain, R. C. DeLarge, A. J. Ransier, colored.

Chester--Purvis Alexander, Barney Burton, Sancho Sanders, colored.

Chesterfield--R. J. Donaldson, white; H. L. Shrewsbury, colored.

Clarendon--Elias E. Dickson, white; William Nelson, colored.

Colleton--J. S. Craig, white; William M. Thomas, William Driffle, W. M. Vinery, colored.

Darlington--B. F. Whittemore, white; Isaac Brockenton, Jordan Lang, Richard Humbird, colored.

Edgefield--Frank Arnim, white; R. B. Elliott, Prince R. Rivers, John Bonum, David Harris, John Wooley, colored.

Fairfield--James M. Rutland, white; H. D. Edwards, Henry Jacob, colored.

Georgetown--Henry W. Webb, white; F. F. Miller, Joseph H. Rainey, colored.

Greenville--James M. Allen, J. M. Runion, white; Wilson Cook, W. B. Johnson, colored.

Horry--Henry Jones, A. R. Thompson, colored.

Kershaw--J. K. Jillson, S. G. W. Dill, white; John A. Chestnut, colored.

Lancaster--Albert Clinton, Charles Jones, colored.

Lexington--Lemanuel Boozer, Simeon Corley, white.

Laurens--Joseph Crews, Y. J. P. Owens, white; Harry McDaniels, Nelson Davis, colored.

Marion--W. S. Collins, white; J. W. Johnson, H. E. Hayne, B. A. Thompson, colored.

Marlboro--Calvin Stubbs, George Jackson, colored.

Newberry--B. O. Duncan, white; James Henderson, Lee Nance, colored.

Orangeburg--E. W. M. Mackey, white; E. J. Cain, W. J. McKinlay, T. K. Sasportas, B. F. Randolph, colored.

Pickens--M. Mauldin, Alexander Bryce, L. B. Johnson, white.

Richland--Thomas J. Robertson, white; W. B. Nash, S. B. Thompson, C. M. Wilder, colored.

Spartanburg--J. P. F. Camp, J. S. Gentry, white; Rice Foster, Coy Wingo, colored.

Sumter--T. J. Coghlan, F. J. Moses, Jr., white; W. E. Johnson, Samuel Lee, colored.

Union--J. H. Goss, white; Abram Dogan, Samuel Nuckles, colored.

Williamsburg--William Darrington, white; C. M. Olsen, S. A. Swails, colored.

York--J. L. Neagle, William E. Rose, white; J. W. Mead, J. H. White, colored.

Three of the delegates elected failed to attend,--F. A. Sawyer, white, Charleston; John K. Terry, white, Colleton; George D. Medis, colored, Edgefield.

Of the 124 delegates elected, forty-eight were white and seventy-six colored. The white men classed as Republicans were about equally divided as natives or newcomers--in the vernacular of the times, "scalawags" or "carpetbaggers."

The following table gives the previous residence of the delegates:

Whites Negroes

South Carolina 23 South Carolina 59
North Carolina 3 Pennsylvania 2
Georgia 1 Michigan 1
Massachusetts 7 Georgia 1
Connecticut 1 Tennessee 1
Rhode Island 1 Ohio 1
New York 1 North Carolina 1
Other Northern States 5 Virginia 1
England 2 Massachusetts 2
Ireland 1 Dutch Guiana 1
Prussia 1 Unknown 6
Denmark 1 ---
Unknown 1 76
---
48

SENATORS OF SOUTH CAROLINA--RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD[18]

*[19]---- Barber Fairfield Co.
---- Bird Fairfield Co.
R. H. Cain Charleston Co.
*Lawrence Cain Edgefield Co.
*Rev. H. Cardozo Kershaw Co.
F. A. Clinton Lancaster Co.
*S. E. Gaillard Charleston Co.
Samuel Green Beaufort Co. formerly of H. of Rep.
*C. D. Hayne Aiken Co.
H. E. Hayne Marion Co.
*W. R. Jervey Charleston Co.
*Rev. W. E. Johnson Sumter Co.
*W. H. Jones Georgetown Co.
*---- Jamison Orangeburg Co.
*John Lee Chester Co.
H. J. Maxwell Marlboro Co.
*W. F. Myers Colleton Co.
W. Beverley Nash Richland Co.
J. H. Rainey Georgetown Co.
Rev. B. F. Randolph Orangeburg Co.
*Robert Smalls Beaufort Co.
S. A. Swails Williamsburg Co.
*J. H. White York Co.
Rev. B. H. Williams Georgetown Co.
Lucius Wimbush Chester Co.
*Thomas E. Miller Beaufort Co.
R. E. Wall Kershaw Co.

MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF SOUTH CAROLINA DURING RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD[20]

*---- Bascomb Beaufort Co.
S. J. Bampfield Beaufort Co.
B. A. Bosemon Charleston Co.
Joseph D. Boston Newberry Co.
*J. A. Bowley Georgetown Co.
Benjamin Byas Berkley Co.
E. J. Cain Berkley Co.
*J. E. Clyde Charleston Co.
Wilson Cook Greenville Co.
*---- Davis Charleston Co.
*James Davis Richland Co.
R. C. DeLarge Charleston Co.
W. A. Driffle Colleton Co.
*Major M. R. Delaney Charleston Co.
*William Elliott Charleston Co.
R. B. Elliott Edgefield Co.
*---- Ellison Abbeville Co.
*---- Fraser Colleton Co.
*John Freeman Charleston Co.
*F. H. Frost Williamsburg Co.
*John Gilmore Richland Co.
*W. A. Grant Charleston Co.
*Adam Green Aiken Co.
Charles Green Georgetown Co.
*Samuel Green Beaufort Co.
Thomas Hamilton Beaufort Co.
David Harris Edgefield Co.
*H. E. Hayne Marion Co.
*Zachariah Hines Darlington Co.
*---- Howard Marion Co.
Richard Humbert Darlington Co.
Rev. H. H. Hunter Charleston Co.
*S. J. Keith Darlington Co.
S. J. Lee Edgefield Co.
Harry McDaniels Laurens Co.
*Thomas McDowell Georgetown Co.
John W. Mead York Co.
Thos. E. Miller Beaufort Co.
*A. Middleton Barnwell Co.
Chas. S. Minort Richland Co.
June Mobley Union Co.
*Wm. Moultrie Georgetown Co.
Nathaniel B. Myers Beaufort Co.
*---- Nehemiah Beaufort Co.
*Fred Nix, Jr. Barnwell Co.
Saml. Nuckles Union Co.
*Lee Nance Newberry Co.
R. J. Palmer Richland Co.
M. H. Priolean Charleston Co.
*J. H. Rainey Georgetown Co.
G. A. Reed Beaufort Co.
Prince Rivers Edgefield Co.
*John Rue Beaufort Co.
Sancho Saunders Chester Co.
H. L. Shrewsbury Chesterfield Co.
*---- Singleton Darlington Co.
*Paris Simpkins Edgefield Co.
Wm, Simmons Richland Co.
J. A. Smith Darlington Co.
*Butler Spears Sumter Co.
*Jas. A. Spencer Abbeville Co.
*Nath. T. Spencer Charleston Co.
D. A. Straker Orangeburg
W. H. Thomas Newberry Co.
Rev. W. M. Thomas Colleton Co.
S. B. Thompson Richland Co.
*Robert Turner Charleston Co.
James Wells Richland Co.
*Ellison Weston Richland Co.
W. J. Whipper Richland Co.
B. A. Thompson Marion Co.
*Isaac Brockenboro Darlington Co.
*T. Andrews Sumter Co.

Additional names by Bishop George W. Clinton.

Aaron Logan
Nelson Davis, York
Allen Hudson, Lancaster
Alfred M. Moore, Fairfield
Samuel P. Coker.

See Reynold's _Reconstruction_, p. 505.

MEMBERS OF SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 1868[22]

_Senators_

*Anderson--John H. Reid, white.
Barnwell--C. P. Leslie, white.
Beaufort--J. J. Wright, colored.
Charleston--D. T. Corbin, white; R. H. Cain, colored.
Chester--Lewis Wimbush, colored.
Chesterfield--R. J. Donaldson, white.
Clarendon--E. E. Dickson, white.
Colleton--William R. Hoyt, colored.
Darlington--B. F. Whittemore, white.
Edgefield--Frank Arnim, white.
Fairfield--James M. Rutland, white.
Georgetown--Joseph H. Rainey, colored.
Greenville--James M. Allen, white.
*Horry--H. Buck, white.
Kershaw--J. K. Jillson, white.
*Lancaster--R. M. Sims, white.
Laurens--Y. J. P. Owens, white.
Lexington--E. S. J. Hayes, white.
Marlboro--H. J. Maxwell, colored.
Marion--Henry E. Hayne, colored.
Newberry--C. W. Montgomery, white.
*Oconee--D. Biemann, white.
Orangeburg--B. F. Randolph, colored,
succeeded by Joseph A. Greene, colored.
*Pickens--T. A. Rodgers, white.
Richland--W. B. Nash, colored.
*Spartanburg--Joel Foster, white.
Sumter--T. J. Coghlan, white.
Union--H. W. Duncan, colored.
Williamsburg--S. A. Swails, colored.
York--William E. Rose, white.

The number of white senators elected was twenty-one, and of colored, ten.

Representatives

Abbeville--George Dusenberry, T. B. Milford, James Martin, white; R. M. Valentine, W. J. Lomax, colored.

*Anderson--John B. Moore, B. Frank Sloan, John Wilson, all white.

Barnwell--B. F. Berry, W. J. Mixson, white; C. D. Hayne, James N. Hayne, Julius Mayer, R. B. Elliott, colored.

Beaufort--C. J. Stolbrand, Charles S. Kuh, white; W. J. Whipper, P. E. Ezekiel, Robert Smalls, G. A. Bennett, W. C. Morrison, colored.

Charleston--Reuben Tomlinson, Joseph H. Jenks, John B. Dennis, F. J. Moses, Jr., B. F. Jackson, white; R. C. DeLarge, A. J. Ransier, colored.

W. H. W. Gray, B. A. Bosemon, George Lee, William McKinlay, W. J. Brodie, John B. Wright, William R. Jervay, Abraham Smith, Samuel Johnson, Stephen Brown, Edward Mickey, colored.

The counties marked * were Democratic.

Chester--Barney Humphries, Sancho Sanders, Barney Burton, colored.

Chesterfield--H. L. Shrewsberry, D. I. J. Johnson, colored.

Clarendon--William Nelson, Powell Smyth, colored.

Colleton--George F. McIlntyre, white; W. B. Hoyt, W. M. Thomas, Wm. Driffle, colored.

Darlington--G. Holliman, white; Jordan Lang, John Boston, Alfred Rush, colored.

Edgefield--T. Root, white; David Harris, Samuel J. Lee, John Wooley, Prince R. Rivers, John Gardner, Lawrence Cain, colored.

Fairfield--L. W. Duvall, white; Henry Jacob, Henry Johnson, colored.

Georgetown--Henry W. Webb, white; F. F. Miller, W. H. Jones, colored.

Greenville--Samuel Tinsley, John B. Hyde, white; Wilson Cook, W. A. Bishop, colored.

*Horry--Zadock Bullock, W. W. Waller, white.

Kershaw, S. G. W. Dill, white; John A. Chestnut, J. W. Nash, colored.

*Lancaster--T. Frank Clyburn, W. G. Stewart, white.

Laurens--Joseph Crews, white; Griffin Johnson, Wade Perrin, Harry McDaniels, colored.

Lexington--G. A. Lewie, white; H. W. Purvis, colored.

Marlboro--T. B. Stubbs, white; John G. Grant, colored.

Marion--W. S. Collins, white; Evan Hayes, B. A. Thompson, colored.

Newberry--Joseph Boston, James Hutson, James Henderson, colored.

*Oconee--O. M. Doyle, W. C. Keith, white.

Orangeburg--W. J. McKinlay, T. K. Sasportas, F. DeMars, E. J. Cain, James P. Mays, colored.

*Pickens--W. T. Field, white.

Richland--S. B. Thompson, William Simmons, C. M. Wilder, Aesop Goodson, colored.

*Spartansburg--Samuel Littlejohn, Robert M. Smith, Javan Bryant, C. C. Turner, white.

Sumter--John H. Ferriter, white; W. E. Johnson, James Smiley, Burrell James, colored.

Union--Samuel Nuckles, Junius Mobley, Simon Farr, colored.

Williamsburg--C. H. Pettingill, white; R. F. Scott, Jefferson Pendergrass, colored.

York--P. J. O'Connell, John L. Neagle, white; J. H. White, John W. Mead, colored.

The number of white representatives was forty-six, and of colored seventy-eight. On joint ballot there were sixty-seven whites and eighty-eight colored--135 Republicans and twenty Democrats.

The counties marked * were Democratic.

SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES ELECTED TO SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN 1876[23]

*Aiken--Senator, A. P. Butler; Representatives, C. E. Sawyer, J. Woodward, L. M. Asbill, J. G. Guignard, all white.

*Abbeville--Senator, J. C. Maxwell; Representatives, W. K. Bradley, R. R. Hemphill, F. A. Connor, Wm. Hood, J. L. Moore, all white.

*Anderson--Representatives, H. R. Vandiver, R. W. Simpson, W. C. Brown, James L. Orr, all white.

*Barnwell--Senator, J. M. Williams; Representatives, I. S. Bamberg, John W. Holmes, L. W. Youmans, W. A. Rountree, Robert Aldrich, all white.

Beaufort--Senator, Samuel Green; Representatives, Thomas Hamilton, Hastings Gantt, Joseph Robinson, George Reed, N. B. Myers, Thomas E. Miller, all colored.

Charleston--Senator--W. M. Taft (white); Representatives, E. W. M. Mackey (white), J. J. Lesesne, B. F. Smalls, Robert Simmons, W. C. Glover, F. S. Edwards, Isaac Prioleau, John Vanderpool, William J. Brodie, J. S. Lazarus, S. C. Brown, Benjamin F. Capers, A. P. Ford, Richard Bryan, Julius C. Tingman, Abram Smith, W. G. Pinckney, colored.

Chester--Representatives, John Lee, Samuel Coleman, Purvis Alexander, all colored.

*Chesterfield--Representatives, J. C. Coit, D. T. Redfearn, all white.

Clarendon--Representatives, S. Melton, H. Boston, all colored.

*Colleton--Representatives, H. E. Bissell, J. M. Cummins, S. E. Parler, white; William Maree (colored), R. Jones (white).

Darlington--Representatives, R. H. Humbert, S. J. Keith, Z. Wines, J. A. Smith, all colored.