Chapter VI: Act 314: empowers the State Highway Commissioner to arrange with the (3)

We saw the men at work in the cane fields cutting, stripping and piling the cane for the trucks or wagons. The most interesting proposition was the huge and complete sugar refinery. How the canes in car loads and wagon loads were carried by the endless carriers to the huge crushers, and after triplicate crushing the dry residuum was discharged in the furnaces, how the juice in huge vats was subject to three chemical processes, how the purified syrup was then conveyed, all without hands, to the heated evaporators and centrifugal apparatus, and how the product in the form of hot granulated sugar, six hours from the time the canes entered the mill, was caught in barrels at the rate of 400 barrels daily, is a truthful fairy story whose details we cannot enter upon in this report. Penal Farms in Southern States have become very popular and successful. From the standpoint of the reformer, they furnish better opportunities than the closed prison or the stockade both with regard to health and morals. The negro problem is in the forefront in their institutions; still many of us were disposed to believe that the punishments meted out to those who disobey the rules are too severe and fail to accomplish the main object of imprisonment which is to endeavor to build up character not by brute force but by reasonable restraints.

SOUTHERN HOSPITALITY.

The good people of New Orleans fully exemplify that genial and gracious hospitality which appears to be indigenous to the Southland.

Courtesies were extended on every hand and there was an air of friendliness delightful and assuring to the visitors. Four features of their cordial hospitality deserve special mention.

1. A series of personally conducted walks to the French quarter and other places of interest.

2. Automobile tours of the city giving the delighted guests an opportunity to see the beautiful lawns and residences, the parks and the magnificent live oaks, the cemeteries where the dead repose above ground, Lake Pontchartrain and its handsome shore resorts, the splendid drives level as the floor.

3. A steamboat ride on the Mississippi bringing into view the immense lines of docks and the admirable shipping facilities.

4. A reception at the home of Mrs. G. R. Westfeldt, President of a Prisoners’ Aid Society. A delightful lunch was served by the ladies of this society. A picturesque aged turbaned mammy dispensed pralines. The old home, typically southern, with its wide verandas, central hall and spacious rooms, lent itself admirably to the occasion. The company was entertained by readings, Southern songs and negro impersonations. President Peyton concluded the entertainment by expressing the appreciation of the guests for these tokens of southern hospitality which they realized was neither mythical nor merely traditionary.

FINAL.

Archdeacon B. M. Spurr, Moundsville, W. Va., was elected President, and Joseph P. Byers, of Philadelphia, Secretary, for the next year.

Oklahoma City was selected as the place of meeting, and the time will be in whatever portion of October the Executive Committee may determine.

In this hastily prepared sketch the writer does not pretend that justice has been done to the many admirable features of the meetings of 1917 at New Orleans. Those who desire to have the full published account, containing the splendid papers read before the Association, will write to Joseph P. Byers, Secretary, Empire Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

ALBERT H. VOTAW,
_Delegate_.

[B]WHAT SHOULD BE THE AIM OF THE NATIONAL PRISONERS’ AID ASSOCIATION.

REV. JAMES PARSONS, NATIONAL SUPERINTENDENT SOCIETY FOR THE FRIENDLESS.

It is fitting at times to ask the questions: what is the reason for our being, and what should we strive to accomplish? Last year at our meeting, the speaker outlined informally one thing that seemed to be desirable and a first step. That was to find out as far as possible what is being done by the various organizations that comprise our membership, and report the results at this meeting. A survey of this kind should at least furnish a starting point for further investigation, and possibly lead to something along the line of standardizing the work and reports, so that it would be possible to estimate a little more satisfactorily the results that have been attained.

A statement of the nature of the investigation desired was placed in the hands of the Secretary and the assurance given by him that the necessary work would be done, but it was finally discovered that on account of local duties and the call to arms, our Secretary was unable to do as he had intended. The President therefore at a late date sent out a questionnaire to as many organizations as he knew, asking that the questions might be answered as fully as records would admit.

Up to the present date fourteen organizations have responded. The questionnaire did not cover all conceivable lines, but aimed to include some of the fundamental things that are being done by most organizations in the various lines of Prisoners’ Aid Work. These are Jail and Prison Work; Probation and Oversight; Relief Work, and the Department of Public Information.

It was not expected that all organizations would have records to exactly fit into the outline of questions. The replies showed that no organization had kept records so as to answer all the questions, and yet each one reporting was able to answer most of them from records kept, which showed that the things counted fundamental by most organizations had been included in the questionnaire.

As was to be expected some had kept very few records. Some had neglected to record facts that seemed to be considered most important by others. In fact, one officer said distinctly that it had been the policy of his organization not to keep records of anything except financial matters, as they did not wish the left hand to know what the right hand was doing. It is manifest on the whole, however, that there is an honest attempt to keep a record of the vital things.

The following will give you the list of questions asked, together with a summary of figures returned:

1. JAIL AND PRISON WORK.

Number of Prisoners Assisted 10656
Number of Religious Services held 10955
Number of Prisoners in Audiences 672166
Number of Prisoners Interviewed 86810
Number of Cases Followed Up With Special Assistance 1838
Number of Books and Pamphlets Distributed 129928

2. DEPARTMENT OF PROBATION AND OVERSIGHT.

Number of Prisoners Placed in Employment 2992
Number Replaced in Employment 687
Number of Visits to Discharged and Paroled Prisoners 9527

3. DEPARTMENT OF RELIEF WORK.

Number of Lodgings and Meals Furnished 48584
Number of Families Cared For 1480
Number of Garments Distributed 10501

4. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INFORMATION.

Number of Addresses Delivered 2525
Number of People Reached by Public Addresses 875653
Number of Papers and Leaflets Distributed 369554
Number of Letters Written in Connection with all Depts. 33715

It must be remembered that we have not been able to secure a complete statement of results. Only a fragmentary report could be given of the work of one of the larger organizations, and many others have failed to report. Then, too, scattered up and down the land are individuals and groups of faithful men and women who do a very large amount of work for those who have yielded to temptation and become inmates of jails and prisons. No account of such work could be secured, and yet no one can fail to be impressed by the fact that a very great work is being done. A casual glance at the figures must cause one to realize the magnitude of accomplishments, and a careful study of this summary shows plainly that a tremendous amount of personal effort has been put forth.

In view of present tendencies, it seems a fitting time to determine the place such organizations as make up the National Prisoners’ Aid Association, should fill in the field of delinquency, and what should be the aim of our Association.

The work being carried on today in the field of delinquency is complex. In the first place it was largely a matter of ameliorating the severities that attended the life of the prisoner. The rule was that those who had the care of criminals were brutal. No one can read the history of prison life in past days, without being impressed with this fact. In a general way such treatment was considered the proper thing. Men had violated the law; they were criminals and should suffer the severities of punishment.

All this has changed as the result of the light thrown on the injustice of such a course by men who gave the matter serious thought. They showed that instead of deterring the wrongdoer from future crime, such a course aroused in him all his latent possibilities for evil and caused him to become brutalized and a sworn enemy to society.

It is a long road from the terrible things of the past to the present day conditions. Every step has been contested by the advocates of the _status quo_. Every step forward has come as the result of insistence on the part of the advocates of progress. Gradually punishment became less severe, the brutality of keepers was checked, filth and unsanitary conditions were outlawed, food became a matter for consideration, reformation a serious consideration, allowance for good behavior, thereby shortening the imprisonment, was introduced. The indeterminate sentence came into being, parole for prisoners and probation for first offenders followed. As one looks back it is a long road that has been traveled.

At first it was the reformer, the enthusiast who led the way in advocating these things. Now it is the enlightened judge, the state officer, the prison warden and many others in official capacity, as well as the philanthropist and social worker who champion them. In view of this condition, is there any place for such organizations as we represent? We answer emphatically “YES.”

In the _first place_ it is essential that there be agencies at work to stimulate the public to measure up to its responsibility for delinquency and the delinquent.

Experience teaches that men as a rule are likely to be content with present attainment. Our organizations are composed largely of men who are interpreters of conditions.

The careful study then of facts and conditions that relate to crime and the criminal, the discovery of the forces at work, which develop delinquency, and wrongdoing, and the faithful presentation of these facts and forces to the public, are some of the important functions of a local organization.

In the _second place_ there should be agencies at work to encourage the State to do all it can through proper official agencies. In former days the State did little. The needed work, however, was too great for private agencies. Gradually the State has been encouraged to assume the burdens that rightfully belong to her, until we have great institutions, splendidly equipped and manned. But officials are only men and a very large percentage of them become set in their habits. A few have kept young and have made progress, but it has seemed necessary that a stick of dynamite such as Thomas Mott Osborne, should occasionally be thrown into the machine, to break the crust of fixed methods and start a new line of progress.

The progress made thus far by the State is commendable, but more encouragement along this line seems essential. The present interest in sanitation, employment, probation and parole is encouragement, but should not the State do more to develop the man while in the institution, so that he will be better fitted for a successful life when released? What is the present state of mind on this subject?

During the past year the University of California, at the suggestion of Calvin Derrick, an active member of this congress, sent out a questionnaire to all classes of institutions in the country, on the general subject of “Control and Correction.” The fundamental purpose of this study was to learn what institutional heads thought of the possibility of developing in boys and men the power of self-government that is so necessary for a man when released from custody.

One hundred answers were received, and when they had been carefully digested by thoughtful professors and Mr. Derrick, the following conclusions were reached:

1. “That there are a few people in institutions who thoroughly believe in the principles of democracy and their application to populations in custody.”

2. “That almost all the people in institutions are ignorant of the manner in which these principles should be applied, or could be applied.”

3. “That the rank and file of institution people are so prejudiced against the plan that they can not be induced to examine into it with an open mind.”

If this be a correct expression of fact, the State through her institutions surely still needs to be encouraged to put more thought upon developing boys and men along lines that will fit them for the duties of free citizenship.

In _third place_, it is essential that there should be agencies to co-operate with the State, as there is much work that can be done more successfully by private agencies than by State officers.

In caring for the prisoners and juvenile offender, there are many things to be considered. There is the matter of employment which is of first consideration. He must work to live. His health, social opportunity and religious life should be considered, and in some cases, especially among the young, his education should receive careful attention. Another factor that enters into many cases is likely to be overlooked. Prisoners have often come in contact with what they call a “raw deal” from public officials. They may be mistaken in many cases, but this does not change the man’s state of mind. He may still need help and counsel when discharged or released from parole, but he will have nothing to do with the public official. Such men will often come to the organization which works through motives of friendship. It does not solve the problem to say that such a condition should not exist. It is a self-evident fact that such cases do exist. We see a condition that corresponds to this in all departments of society. It is the same principle that causes us to have different sects in religion, different lodges, clubs, etc. The members of each group think that all others ought to be satisfied with their organization and way of doing things, but men differ and express their preference in choice.

We believe that the State should bear as large a portion of the burden as possible, but we are also convinced that there must be organizations which are not handicapped by official connection with the man’s conviction and imprisonment for a certain percentage of cases that need care.

In the _fourth place_, there should be the volunteer agency to furnish a channel through which the citizen may wisely express his spirit of Christian helpfulness.

The world needs men and women whose harmonious development of character fits them for the best service. To permit our noblest impulses to die for lack of expression is a very serious mistake. No surer way to kill our desire to lift up the unfortunate can be devised than to turn the whole matter over to the State.

The story is told that a friend gave a young minister’s family a cow in order that the new baby might have plenty of good milk. Some time later, when the giver of the cow inquired how she was doing, the good wife said, “Nicely, but for some reason she was drying up. She said she could not understand how it was as they were careful to use only as much milk as the baby needed.” Their fatal mistake was the failure to realize the nature of the cow. So we often fall into this same mistake and find the springs of sympathy and the milk of human kindness drying up because we are saving of the supply, and do not express the natural impulses of the heart to do good and minister to those in need. * * *

In view of the evident need of such organizations as compose this Association, what should be our aim? An extended statement is not needful. It is plain, however, that this Association should attempt, so far as possible, to standardize the work, and by a comparison of results develop the most effective methods in our chosen field.

This cannot be brought about at once, as the spirit and purpose of the various organizations vary to some extent and yet progress can be made if this thought is kept in mind. The result of the questionnaire shows that with a little effort, all organizations might present a fairly accurate report of many fundamental things.

The second aim would naturally follow. A standardized work with accurate reports would enable the members of our Association to have a fuller knowledge of the results accomplished by all. This knowledge of the greatness of our work would cause every worker to have a more profound respect for his own chosen task. It would also convince all men that we do not labor in vain in our effort to save the young from the pitfalls of crime and to redeem and reclaim those whose career has thus far proven a failure.

FOOTNOTES:

[B] Address of the President of the National Prisoners’ Aid Association at New Orleans November 18, 1917.

A TEXAS PRISON FARM.

“The city of Dallas has been repaid for every cent it has spent in establishing the municipal prison farm,” said Finance Commissioner William Doran, after he had visited the place at White Rock. His reason for making that statement, he said, was the moral effect the farm has had on the prisoners.

When city prisoners were worked on the streets under most outrageous conditions, they ran at every chance and often attempted to escape from the city jail.

Since being taken to the municipal farm, not an attempt has been made to escape. Three shotguns purchased by the city for guards have never been unwrapped. When the men start to work they work hard, and when they stop for a short rest they return to their work without being told.

“It is a remarkable sight to see the change in the men,” said Mr. Doran; “I have watched their improvement from day to day, and it is wonderful.”

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Maud Ballington Booth (1909) New York City.
Judge Ben B. Lindsey (1909) Denver, Colo.
[†]Frederick Howard Wines (1909)
Judge McKenzie Cleland (1909) Chicago, Ill.
[†]Gen. R. Brinkerhoff (1909)
Z. R. Brockway (1909) Elmira, N. Y.
[†]Prof. Charles Richmond Henderson (1910)
Dr. Hastings H. Hart (1914) New York City.
James A. Leonard (1914) Mansfield, Ohio.
Timothy Nicholson (1915) Richmond, Ind.
Amos W. Butler (1915) Indianapolis, Ind.

LIFE MEMBERS.

[†]Ashmead, Henry B.,
[†]Bailey, Joel J.,
[†]Baily, Joshua L.,
[†]Bartol, B. H.,
[†]Benson, E. N.,
[†]Bergdoll, Louis,
[†]Betts, Richard K.,
Bonham, Eleanor M.,
[†]Brown, Alexander,
[†]Bonsall, E. H.,
[†]Brooke, F. M.,
[†]Brown, T. Wistar,
Brush, C. H.,
Buckley, Daniel,
Carter, John E.,
[†]Cattell, Henry S.,
[†]Childs, George W.,
Coles, Miss Mary,
[†]Collins, Alfred M.,
Coxe, Eckley B., Jr.,
[†]Downing, Richard H.,
[†]Dreer, Edw. G.,
Dreer, Ferd. J.,
[†]Douredore, B. L.,
[†]Duhring, D. D., Rev. H. L.,
Duncan, John A.,
[†]Elkinton, Joseph S.,
Elwyn, Alfred,
[†]Elwyn, Mrs. Helen M.,
[†]Fotterall, Stephen G.,
Frazer, Dr. John,
Frazier, W. W.,
[†]Goodwin, M. H.,
Grigg, Mary S.,
[†]Hall, George W.,
Harrison, Alfred C.,
Harrison, Chas. C.,
[†]Hockley, Thomas,
Ingram, Wm. S.,
[†]Jeans, Joshua T.,
Jenks, John Story,
[†]Jones, Mary T.,
[†]Jordan, John, Jr.,
[†]Justice, W. W.,
[†]Kinke, J.,
[†]Knight, Reeve L.,
[†]Laing, Anna T.,
[†]Laing, Henry M.,
Lea, M. Carey,
[†]Leaming, J. Fisher,
Leeds, Deborah C.,
[†]Lewis, F. Mortimer,
[†]Lewis, Howard W.,
Lewis, Mrs. Sarah A.,
Longstreth, W. W.,
[†]Love, Alfred H.,
[†]Lytle, John J.,
[†]Maginnis, Edw. I.,
[†]Manderson, James,
[†]Milne, Caleb J.,
[†]McAllister, Jas. W.,
[†]Nicholson, Robert P.,
[†]Osborne, Hon. F. W.,
Patterson, Robert,
[†]Pennock, George,
[†]Perot, Joseph,
Perot, T. Morris, Jr.,
Pooley, Fred. J.,
[†]Potter, Thomas,
[†]Powers, Thomas H.,
[†]Price, Thomas W.,
Randolph, Miss Anna,
Rhoads, Joseph R.,
[†]Roach, Joseph H.,
[†]Saul, Rev. James,
[†]Santee, Charles,
[†]Seybert, Henry,
[†]Sharpless, Townsend,
[†]Steedman, Rosa,
Stephens, Emily J. I., M. D.,
[†]Stokes, Wm. C.,
[†]Sulzberger, David,
[†]Thomas, Geo. C.,
Thompson, Emma L.,
[†]Tracey, Charles A.,
[†]Townsend, Henry T.,
Votaw, Albert H.,
[†]Waln, L. Morris,
[†]Walk, Jas. V., M. D.,
Warren, E. Burgess,
[†]Watson, Jas. V.,
Way, John,
[†]Weightman, William,
[†]Weston, Harry,
Wetherell, William Henry,
Whelen, Emily,
[†]Whelen, Mary S.,
[†]Williams, Henry J.,
[†]Williamson, I. V.,
[†]Willits, Jeremiah,
[†]Willits, Jeremiah, Jr.,
Wistar, Edward M.,
Wood, Walter.

[† Deceased]

ANNUAL MEMBERS.

Allen, Clara Hodges,
Allen, H. Percival,
Baggs, Nicholas,
Baily, Albert L.,
Baird, John E.,
Barakat, Layyah,
Barnes, Rev. R. Heber,
Beatty, Robert L.,
Beiswenger, Rev. F.,
Beiswenger, Paul F.,
Belfield, T. Broom,
Biddle, Samuel,
Biddle, William,
Boggs, Samuel R.,
Booth, Henry R.,
Brink, Fred Swarts,
Brinton, Joseph Hill,
Burnham, William,
Butz, J. Treichler, M. D.,
Byers, Joseph P.,
Cassel, Henry C.,
Clark, E. W., Mr. & Mrs.,
Clark, Frederick L.,
Collins, Henry H.,
Collins, Henry H., Jr.,
Colton, Mary R.,
Colton, S. W., Jr.,
Colton, Mrs. S. W., Jr.,
Comfort, Henry W.,
Conard, C. Wilfred,
Cope, Eliza M.,
de Benedetto, Rev. A.,
d’Invilliers, Charles E.,
de Long, Mrs. Mary,
Dewees, J. Harvey,
Dewees, Watson W.,
Dripps, Robert Dunning,
Edmonds, Franklin S.,
Elkinton, Joseph,
Emlen, Samuel,
Fassitt, Mrs. Horace,
Fernberger, Henry,
Fleisher, Samuel S.,
Franklin, Melvin M., M. D.,
Frick, Esther,
Galenbeck, Louis C.,
Garges, Anna K.,
Garrett, Elizabeth N.,
Gerhard, Arthur H.,
Gerhard, Mrs. Arthur H.,
Gerhard, Luther,
Greene, Sallie H.,
Hackenburg, William B.,
Haines, Robert B., Jr.,
Haney, Rein G.,
Hallowell, William S.,
Harding, Miss M. W.,
Harris, Rev. J. Andrew,
Harris, J. Linn,
Hastings, Charles P.,
Heller, Clyde A.,
Hoffman, Jacob,
Kane, Florence Bayard,
Kaufman, John G.,
Kehler, Dr. B. Frank,
Kennedy, Harry,
Koelle, William,
Landis, Dr. H. R. M.,
Lamartine, Rev. Philip,
Latimer, Emilie T.,
Latimer, George A.,
Latimer, Rebecca P.,
Latimer, Rev. Thomas,
Leeds, Austin C.,
Lewis, William Draper,
Longshore, Frank H.,
Lovett, Louisa D.,
Maier, Paul D. I.,
Mallery, Otto T.,
Marshall, Bertha K. C.,
Martin, Hon. J. Willis,
Mayer, Mrs. Henry C.,
McCord, Rufus,
McDole, Charles,
McFedries, Annie,
Miller, Isaac P.,
Minnich, Rev. M. Reed,
Morris, Anna Wharton,
Morris, C.C.,
Morris, Marriott C.,
Morris, William,
Mullowney, John J., M. D.,
Newkirk, John B.,
Newlin, Sarah,
Niles, Henry C.,
Noblit, Joseph C.,
Obermayer, Leon J.,
Oetinger, Albert,
Ohl, Rev. J. F.,
Paisley, Harry,
Platt, Miss L. N.,
Randolph, Mrs. Evan,
Reeves, Francis B.,
Roberts, Owen J.,
Roberts, Chas. W.,
Robinson, Anthony W.,
Rosengarten, Joseph G.,
Roser, William B.,
Schaeffer, Paul N.,
Schoch, Mrs. Parke,
Schwarz, G. A.,
Scott, Norris J.,
Senft, Rev. F. H.,
Shoemaker, Comly B.,
Simmington, Charles C.,
Smallzell, John,
Snellenburg, Samuel,
Spangler, Mrs. M. G.,
Steele, Jos. M.,
Steere, Alfred G.,
Stewart, Henry C.,
Stone, Virginia G.,
Tatum, Jos. W.,
Thesen, Oluf,
Thomas, Mrs. George C.,
Tomkins, Rev. Floyd W.,
Tyler, W. Graham,
Walton, Harrison,
Warren, William C.,
Wallace, Mrs. Anabel,
Wentz, Catharine A.,
Wetherell, George S.,
Wetherell, Mary S.,
Wetherill, Rev. Francis Macomb,
White, Elias H.,
White, Elizabeth Wilson,
Wilkins, George W.,
Williams, Charles,
Yarnall, Wm. S.,
Ziegler, J. W.

INDEX

Acting Committee, Report of, 6

American Prison Association, 93

Annual Meeting, Minutes of, 5

Bequests, 25

Bilibid, 80

Capital Punishment, 52

Commission to Revise Penal Administration, 50

County Prisons, 15

Criminal Code of Pennsylvania, 89

Dietary at Penal Institutions, 56

Employment of Prisoners, 48, 55, 81, 84

Feast of Reason and a Flow of Soul, A, 82

Fines, 48

General Agent, Report of, 14

Honor System, The, 94

Indeterminate Sentence, The, 53, 98

Indiana Penal Farms, 85

Industrial Farm Law, The, 38

Members of The Pennsylvania Prison Society, List of, 109-11

Michigan State Prison, 74

National Prisoners’ Aid Association, Address of President, 103

New Jersey Prison Inquiry Commission, Report of, 79

New York Prison Association, Report of, 78

Offender, The, Review of, 77

Officers and Committees of the Society, List of, 3

Penal Farms, 85, 108

Penal Legislation of 1917 in the Commonwealth of Penna., 38

Prison and the Prisoner, The, Review of, 76

Road-making by Prisoners, 55

Texas Prison Farm, A Municipal, 108

Treasurer, Report of, 13

Trustees of Industrial Farms in Pennsylvania, 47

Utilization of Prison Labor, 84

Wardens’ Meeting, 26

The Pennsylvania Prison Society was founded under the name “Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons,” May 8, 1787.

It was incorporated under same name April 6, 1833.

The objects named in the Charter were three:

1. Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons.

2. Improvement of Prison Discipline.

3. Relief of Discharged Prisoners.

By order of the Court, the corporate title was changed January 27, 1886, to “THE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY.”

* * * * *

Copies of this JOURNAL will be forwarded on request to any address without charge.

Financial contributions are needed to carry on the work of this Society.

All correspondence and contributions should be addressed to The Pennsylvania Prison Society at 119 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

* * * * *

Transcriber’s note

Minor punctuation errors have been changed without notice. Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized. The following printer errors have been changed.

=CHANGED= =FROM= =TO=
Page i: “Soceity for Alleviating” “Society for Alleviating”
Page 2: “Pennslvania Prison Society” “Pennsylvania Prison Society”
Page 4: “Mrs. Mary Ella deLong” “Mrs. Mary Ella de Long”
Page 4: “Mrs. Mary Ella DeLong” “Mrs. Mary Ella de Long”
Page 9: “improved accomodations” “improved accommodations”
Page 15: “The men now eat in a” “The women now eat in a”
Page 42: “dipsomania and anasthetic” “dipsomania and anesthetic”
Page 53: “88, under present law” “86, under present law”
Page 55: “on the public higthways” “on the public highways”
Page 80: “practical achievments of” “practical achievements of”
Page 81: “6. “We are convinced” “5. “We are convinced”
Page 82: “The Acting Committe of” “The Acting Committee of”
Page 102: “ground, Lake Ponchartrain” “ground, Lake Pontchartrain”
Page 105: “present day conditons” “present day conditions”
Page 108: “so far as posible” “so far as possible”