Chapter M: J. Harson (2)

Mr. Lodge is firmly convinced that the Puritan represents the
perfect type of man; that the history of the world began in 1620;
that the Puritan derived most of his excellence from being of
English blood; and that, while Puritans were Dutch, French, Scotch,
and even Irish, the lack of English blood somehow made them
incomplete. While the ordinary English Puritan was a wonderful
personage, the one who landed in Massachusetts was a genuine marvel,
but when he settled around Boston and Nahant, he began to ooze
genius and take on wings and halo. To this legend is added,
sometimes by direct statement and sometimes by implication, the
intelligence that all the great and good things that make this
republic different from and superior to other lands are due to the
miraculous powers of the Puritan. He is the creator of human
freedom, the father of religion, liberty, and tolerance, the founder
and originator of free schools, and the reputed author of so many
ideas totally at variance with his narrow creed that were he to rise
from his bed of clay in New England into the sunlight of to-day, he
wouldn’t know himself.

This is the school of historical incubation of which Mr. Lodge is
the high priest. Mr. Lodge has many admirable qualities; but his
mental vision is defective, strabismal, and his ancestral credulity
amazing. I am satisfied that Mr. Lodge would not _knowingly_ do an
unjust, intolerable, or dishonorable thing; but he is so en-webbed
in tradition and so steeped in myth and legend that his rôle of
historian is a decided misfit. How else can we account for the
absurd theories he has exploited and the conception of historic
events he has fathered in literature?

Anybody who has even read his history of the _Thirteen Colonies_
will learn that the success achieved in building them up was due to
the Puritans; and one is convinced that had some wandering vagabond
from Massachusetts been cast away on the coast of Spanish-America,
the Latin Republics south of us would now be the model governments
of the earth and probably be called “Anglo-Saxon” nations.
Everything that makes for success he attributes to the Puritan; and
he does it with such a solemn, awe-stricken lack of humor that the
irreverent are moved to Homeric mirth.

Now, as a matter of fact, the Puritan was a hard and fast bigot, who
hated and persecuted everybody who differed from him religiously,
and tolerated nobody; he was as priest-ridden as a Scotch
Presbyterian, and he set up a system of Church and State that
amounted almost to a theocracy. The climate and soil of New England
made him a hard worker; his environment and neighbors, a stout
fighter; but if his laws and records tell us any story, they say his
morals and practices were no better than they ought to have been.

New England in colonial days produced some shrewd and levelheaded
men, but if she ever produced a great one, I have failed to catch
his name. When the hour of her struggle came the same phenomenon was
exhibited in New England as elsewhere in the Colonies; her natural
leaders, the people of education and wealth, followed the fortunes
of the oppressor, and the common people took up the cause of
freedom. New England in the Revolution did her whole duty, but the
other Colonies did not shirk, and furnished not only men and money,
but the theater of war.

Mr. Lodge is now furnishing “The Story of the Revolution” for
_Scribner’s Magazine_, and already we can see his peculiar defects
of historical vision in what he has written. Here is a hint of his
ideas: “He [Washington] entered on the war with an army composed
wholly of New England men. He ended the Revolution with an army,
after seven years’ fighting, largely made up from the same New
England people.” He does not say so in so many words, but he leads
us to infer that the army between those two periods was made up of
New England men. This sort of writing is as absurd as it would be to
say New England did nothing. Has Mr. Lodge never heard of the 40,000
men on the Revolutionary rolls of New York? Has it ever occurred to
him that Pennsylvania, Virginia, and other Colonies furnished some
men, money, and leaders? Have his historical researches ever led him
far enough to learn that Yorktown might have been a waste of blood
but for the armies and navies of France? Does he know that the
soldiers of America’s ally were the regiments of a brigade
immortalized on every battlefield of Europe,—the Irish Brigade?

It is very doubtful. I sometimes wonder if Mr. Lodge knew what an
Irishman was before he went into politics.

In his account of Bunker Hill he hasn’t a word to say of Sullivan,
whose capture of Fort William and Mary with its supplies of precious
gunpowder made Bunker Hill possible; yet he has much to say of the
lack of powder during the siege of Boston.

He says the American soldiers engaged at Bunker Hill were “of almost
pure English blood, with a slight mingling of Scotch-Irish from
Londonderry.” I note among the dead killed there the following
“Scotch-Irish” names: Broderick, Collins, Dalton, Dillon, Doyle,
French, Haggett, McGrath; and Washington, desirous of recognizing
this “Scotch” element in his army made St. Patrick the countersign
on a certain evening during the siege. I recall that it was this
same class of Irishmen with the Scotch prefix, from the New
Hampshire town of Londonderry, called after an Irish town of that
name, and which was originally planted by English and Irish, who
insisted upon double rations of whiskey to celebrate St. Patrick’s
day before Ticonderoga.

Mr. Lodge should learn to call a spade a spade, an Irishman an
Irishman, for we will. The desire of a certain class of people to
call themselves “Scotch-Irish” may be passed by with a smile;
ignorance and weakness deserve pity rather than censure; but we must
insist that the dead of our race shall be neither miscalled nor
misrepresented, and that their laurels shall not be filched nor
their glory stolen by those who have neither pride nor scruples.

Whatever Irish came from New Hampshire—and the hills were full of
them—it would be a grave mistake to imagine that Massachusetts, so
English and so Puritan, did not have her share. The Puritan
Alva—Cromwell—and his villainous understrappers sent many a thousand
Irish victims to Massachusetts Bay as bondmen and women; and
voluntary immigration brought thousands of others. The town records
show this; and whole districts in western Massachusetts were settled
by them; and yet we are asked to believe that when men cease to be
Catholic Irishmen they become Scotch-Irishmen. I can find no other
excuse for the absurd title. Here are a few of the “Scotch-Irish”
names on the rolls of the minute men of the day:

Joseph Burke,
Richard Burke,
Daniel Carey,
Joseph Carey,
Peter Carey,
Patrick Carroll,
Joseph Carroll,
Cornelius Cockran,
Daniel Connors,
William Connors,
James Dempsey,
Philip Donahue,
Joseph Donnell,
John Donnelly,
Andrew Dunnigan,
John Farley,
Michael Farley,
John Flood,
William Flood,
John Foley,
Matthew Gilligen,
Richard Gilpatrick,
James Gleason,
Daniel Griffin,
Joseph Griffin,
John Hacket,
Joseph Hacket,
John Haley,
John Kelly,
Patrick Kelly,
Peter Kelly,
Richard Kelly,
Stephen Kelly,
Daniel Lary,
Michael McDonnell,
Henry McGonegal,
John McGrah,
Daniel McGuire,
Patrick McKeen,
John McMullen,
John Mullin,
John Madden,
Daniel Mahon,
James Mallone,
John Mahoney,
John Murphy,
Patrick Newjent,
Patrick O’Brien,
Richard O’Brien,
Daniel Shay,
John Shea,
John Walsh,
Joseph Walsh.

It is well to note that the English parliament of that day was
looking keenly at the causes that cost England her mighty empire on
this continent; and apparently they underrated the influence of Mr.
Lodge’s Puritan in that struggle, and bitterly blamed the plain
Irish without any Scotchery.

Mr. Lodge means well; but folklore and history are two distinct
affairs.

The imaginative school of history finds its best exemplar in a
gentleman from Tennessee, the home of the Cardiff giant, the
Giascutus, and the Scotch-Irishman. He is known as Judge Temple, and
has written a volume called _Covenanter, Cavalier, Puritan_,—a work
which has shaken the earth and spoiled the apple crop. The Judge is
original; he honors the Scotch-Irishman as he does all ghost
dancers, but he has discovered that all the might of the republic
sprang from the Covenanter. I know what a Covenanter used to be, but
I can’t solve this covenanter of Judge Temple. I can explain him as
he appears in this literary offspring of this intellectual Cardiff
giant. If an Irishman a few years ago did anything extraordinary,
wonderful, or notorious, he would have been a Scotch-Irishman; in
the Temple history he is a Covenanter; if he breaks a bank, or a
man’s head, or the Decalogue, he is merely an Irishman. Apply that
rule to all men and you have history as it is hatched out in
Tennessee. The Covenanter germ was born in Scotland and spread over
America, creating miracles. As the natives of North Britain are not
remarkable for national modesty and self-effacement, I am puzzled to
learn how this conversion of the world to freedom and civilization
has escaped the shrinking writers of Scotland. If Judge Temple is
not restrained by an injunction at an early date, Professor Burgess
and Senator Lodge will be compelled sorrowfully to march on
Washington, there to deposit in the National Museum the Teutonic
Genius and the Puritan Marvel; or they might be turned over to some
of the Yellow Sundays which specialize the exploitation of freaks.

Meantime we should keep our eye on Judge Temple, the young Lochinvar
of history, who has come out of the South.

In _Old Virginia and her Neighbors_, Vol. II, p. 391, Prof. John
Fiske says: “Until recent years little has been written of the
coming of the so-called Scotch-Irish to America, and yet it is an
event of scarcely less importance than the exodus of English
Puritans to New England and that of English Cavaliers to Virginia.
It is impossible to understand the drift which American history,
social and political, has taken since the time of Andrew Jackson,
without studying the early life of the Scotch-Irish population of
the Alleghany region, the pioneers of the American backwoods. I do
not mean to be understood as saying that the whole of that
population at the time of the Revolution was Scotch-Irish, for there
was a considerable German element in it, besides an infusion of
English moving inward from the coast. But the Scotch-Irish element
was more numerous and far more important than all the rest.

“Who were the people called by this rather awkward compound name
Scotch-Irish? The answer carries us back to the year 1611, when
James First began peopling Ulster with Colonists from Scotland and
the North of England. The plan was to put into Ireland a Protestant
population that might ultimately outnumber the Catholics and become
the controlling element in the country. _The settlers were picked
men and women of the most excellent sort._ By the middle of the
seventeenth century there were 300,000 of them in Ulster.

“That province had been the most neglected part of the island, a
wilderness of bogs and fens; they transformed it into a garden. They
also established manufactures of woolen and linens which have since
been famous throughout the world. By the beginning of the eighteenth
century their numbers had risen to nearly a million. Their social
condition was not that of peasants; they were intelligent yeomanry
and artisans. In a document, signed in 1718 by a miscellaneous group
of 319 men, only thirteen made their mark, while 306 wrote their
names in full. Nothing like that could have happened at that time in
any other part of the British empire, hardly even in New England.

“When these people began coming to America, those families that had
been longest in Ireland had dwelt there but for three generations,
and confusion of mind seems to lurk in any nomenclature which
couples them with the true Irish. The antipathy between the
Scotch-Irish as a group and the true Irish as a group is, perhaps,
unsurpassed for bitterness and intensity. On the other hand, since
love laughs at feuds and schisms, intermarriages between the
Colonists of Ulster and the native Irish were by no means unusual,
and instances occur of Murphys and McManuses of the Presbyterian
faith. It was common in Ulster to allude to Presbyterians as
‘Scotch,’ to Roman Catholics as ‘Irish,’ and to members of the
English Church as ‘Protestants,’ without much reference to pedigree.
From this point of view the term ‘Scotch’ may be defensible,
provided we do not let it conceal the fact that the people to whom
it applied are for the most part Lowland-Scotch Presbyterians, very
slightly hibernicized in blood.”

Again, “By 1719 this hope was torn away, and from that year until
the passage of the Toleration Act for Ireland in 1782, the people of
Ulster kept flocking to America. Of all the migrations to America
previous to the days of steamships this was far the largest in
volume. One week of 1727 landed six ship loads at Philadelphia. In
the two years 1773 and 1774 more than 30,000 came. In 1770 one-third
of the population of Pennsylvania was Scotch-Irish. Altogether
between 1730 and 1770, I think it probable that at least half a
million of souls were transferred from Ulster to the American
Colonies, making not less than one-sixth of our population at the
time of the Revolution.”

The merest examination of this will show that the writer is on
uncertain ground; he is begging the question; his own training and
education convince him that there is a false ring to the term
“Scotch-Irish”; the statements he makes, or quotes, show the
earmarks of that organized humbug the Scotch-Irish Society; and he
is reluctant to face the question squarely, and, by reversing the
conventional concealments, evasions, and falsifications which have
marked the writing of American history in the interest of the
English element, acknowledge the splendid work done by the Irish in
America.

Let us examine his statements in detail.

Relative to Ulster settlement he says: “The settlers were picked men
and women of the most excellent sort. By the middle of the
seventeenth century there were 300,000 of them in Ulster. The
province was a wilderness of bogs and fens; they transformed it into
a garden. They also established manufactures of woolens and linens;
... they were intelligent yeomanry and artisans.”

These extracts are the amusing myths of the Scotch-Irish Society. We
have an emigration from Scotland by, say 1650, of 300,000, with no
account of the English, French, Walloon, and German emigrants who
were introduced, and nothing said about the original settlers of
Ulster, the Irish. In 1659 Sir W. Petty, a government official in
Ulster, estimated the population as follows: Irish, 63,350; English,
Scotch, and other aliens, 40,571; a total of 103,921. It is very
possible that Sir W. Petty’s estimate was correct; that he would
find it very difficult to arrive at a correct estimate of the Irish;
and much more easy to get at the numbers of those who were naturally
the English supporters. It is well to recall that at the date of
this estimate Ireland had gone through the horrors of twelve years
of Civil War, marked by cruelty of the most ferocious kind; that the
Cromwellians had added deportation and slavery in the Americas to
their other crimes and abominations; that Cromwell had settled his
own soldiers on confiscated lands; and that he was not particularly
partial to the Scotch, whom he had fought and defeated, and whose
immigration he was not likely to encourage at a time when they were
parleying with the exiled Charles and plotting the downfall of the
Commonwealth.

Professor Fiske’s 300,000 seem to vanish in smoke.

The character of the population introduced into a country where the
natives are treated as outlaws and wild beasts by the government, is
not hard to guess. It is not at all likely that it is going to
consist of model farmers, expert artisans, pious, educated, peaceful
men and women; that kind of people usually remain at home. The
adventurer, the ne’er-do-well, the poor, the desperate, the
homeless; those are the kind willing to face the hazards of war and
fortune in a land where the natives are hard fighters and haters of
the government, even though exhausted by war.

The Rev. Andrew Stewart, Presbyterian pastor of Donaghadee from 1645
to 1671, who was born and raised in Ulster, leaves this record of
Professor Fiske’s selected yeomanry and artisans:

“From Scotland came many, and from England not a few; yet all of
them generally the scum of both nations, who for debt, or breaking,
or fleeing from justice, or seeking shelter, came hither, hoping to
be without fear of man’s justice in a land where there was nothing,
or but little as yet, of the fear of God.”

Such were the selected yeomanry; selected evidently by the king’s
writ, by the beggarly planters who received the stolen lands from a
beggarly king, and by the London guides whose gold went into the
king’s pocket.

The reverend gentleman gives us a further hint of the people who
came thus running from the sheriff and the heavy hand of the law. He
says: “In a few years there flocked such a multitude of people from
Scotland that the Counties of Down, Antrim, Londonderry, etc., were
in a good measure planted; yet most of the people made up a body—and
it is strange—of different names, nations, dialects, tempers, and
breeding, all void of Godliness, who seemed rather to flee God in
this enterprise, than to follow their mercy; albeit at first it must
be remembered that they cared little for any church.”

People of many nations and dialects coming out of Scotland needs an
explanation. Mr. Motley, in his history of the Dutch Republic,
throws a great light on this subject. He says in effect that the
religious wars of Protestant and Catholic, and the persecutions
growing out of them of the ever-increasing sectaries, drove shoals
of artisans from Germany, Holland, and France to England. Elizabeth
of England had troubles of her own; and while she quarreled with the
Pope and disputed his headship, she was jealously insistent of her
own leadership of her state church and had no use for the pugnacious
sectaries from across the Channel. In time, owing to the English
jealousy of foreigners and rival manufacturers and the Queen’s
abhorrence of rebels against divinely selected kings, Elizabeth shut
down on the refugees and refused them asylum. In those days it was a
much graver offense to insult the majesty of earth than heaven.
Scotland, then in the throes of religious squabbles and the game of
church plundering and under the practical guidance of the amiable
John Knox, gave them a welcome as kindred spirits. When other days
came, when Mary’s head had rolled from the block at Fotheringay,
when her wretched son was enthroned, the foreign element found
Scotland a poor land to live in. The settlement of Ulster gave them
their chance, and they flocked there with Scotchmen and Englishmen,
to settle down and intermarry and become—as all before them had
become at that Irish crucible—Irish.

The forms of religious dissent driven out of Europe to Great
Britain, like Presbyterianism, had a common basis of agreement in
their common Calvinism, and the foreigners naturally drifted into
that form of ecclesiastical organization. Few went into the Anglican
State Church, and many of that faith drifted away from it to
Catholicity and Presbyterianism; and it was a special subject of
reproach later that the state-beneficed clergy caused such a state
of affairs by their indifference and greed.

But it remains for American historians to find the terms race and
religion synonymous, and to advise an astonished world that when an
Irishman, Frenchman, Englishman, Dutchman, or Walloon, adopts
Presbyterianism as his religious faith, he is at once transformed
into that hyphenated hybrid, a Scotch-Irishman.

This is one of the marvels of this inventive age.

Before Professor Fiske—for whose talent and industry I have a very
great respect—gives us his promised views on the Scotch-Irishman in
his forthcoming work, _The Dutch and Quaker Settlements in America_,
let me propound a question or two to him.

If, as is pretended, a certain number of Lowland Scotchmen of the
Presbyterian religion accomplished so much in Ulster and America,
why have not the great majority of the same people accomplished as
much in their own land and elsewhere, when all the conditions were
in their favor? And again, if so much was accomplished by an Irish
environment and an Irish racial admixture, and so little achieved by
the pure Scot under more favorable circumstances, is it not a
reasonable deduction that the Irish element was the responsible
factor in the achievement? If not, why not?

GEN. A. G. MALLOY
TEXAS
]

TIMOTHY P. SULLIVAN
NEW HAMPSHIRE
]

VICE-PRESIDENTS

ANDREW ATHY
WORCESTER, MASS.
]

CAPT. JOHN DRUM, U. S. A.
]

That invader and invaded should hate each other bitterly is not of
any particular importance as bearing on nationality; it is the
experience of all lands and races. Presbyterian Murphys and
McManuses are no argument for Scotch Murphys and McManuses; it may
indicate intermarriage and change of religious faith; it can’t
indicate a change of blood. The transformation of bogs and fens into
gardens is merely a fairy story; the bogs and fens are in Ulster
to-day. The fertile valleys of Ulster, ready to be entered on, were
the bait to catch settlers, for the defeated and disheartened native
Irish had been driven to the barren hills and bogs. Men as a rule
don’t risk life and fortune for the privilege of transforming bogs
into gardens in a hostile country; and, moreover, Motley says
England and Scotland in that age had the rudest system of
agriculture in Europe. The higher system of agriculture, as well as
the woolen and linen industries, came with the skilled exiles from
Holland and France; and even as great a plunderer as Wentworth was
wise enough to foster them. And I might ask, why didn’t these
marvelous Scots make their own country famous for woolen and linen
industries, when they made their own laws and could snap their
fingers at English jealousy?

Finally, if these people were Scotch “slightly hibernicized,” why
did they on their arrival in America organize “Irish societies”? Why
did they name towns and rivers with Irish names? Why did they
celebrate St. Patrick’s day rather than St. Andrew’s?

It will pay Professor Fiske to examine into the Irish emigration of
the eighteenth century and learn, as less erudite people have done,
that as much of this stream flowed from Limerick, Cork, Waterford,
Dublin, and English Bristol as from Ulster; and that Leinster and
Munster poured in nearly as many Irish to Colonial America as did
the northern provinces. What he is unwittingly doing is settling up
the abhorrent dividing lines of religion and marking off our race
into “Irish-Irish” and “Scotch-Irish” upon the lines of Catholicity
and Protestantism. I as one of the Protestant Irish most strenuously
object; the name Irish was good enough for my fathers; their son is
proud to wear it as they did; and we must all insist that the Irish,
without prefixes, without hyphens, without any qualification, all
children of a common and well-loved motherland, shall be given their
full measure of credit for the splendid work done by the race in
America.

If Professor Fiske is true to himself and the principles and canons
of his calling, he will find the truth and tell it, and waste no
valuable time chasing myths and will-o’-the-wisps.

As an indication of the great interest of the occasion it may be remarked that the exercises were not brought to a close until 2.30 o’clock the next morning. Before adjourning, resolutions of condolence on the loss of the U. S. S. _Maine_ were adopted by a standing vote, and the Secretary-General was instructed to transmit a copy of the resolutions to the President of the United States and to the Secretary of the Navy.

On Friday afternoon the members of the society were given a reception by Hon. John D. Crimmins, at his home, 40 East 68th Street. It was a most charming occasion. About forty gentlemen attended, including Dr. Emmet and his son; General O’Beirne and Captain McCrystal, of New York; and P. J. Flatley, of Boston; Thomas Hamilton Murray, of Rhode Island; J. F. Swords, of Hartford; O’Meagher Condon, of Washington, D. C.; Joseph Smith, of Lowell, Mass.; James Jeffrey Roche, Thomas B. Lawler, Michael Brennan, and many others.

The company first inspected Mr. Crimmins’s fine library and were shown many books and manuscripts, some of them of great rarity and value. A lunch was then served, after which the visitors were shown the magnificent collection of paintings for which Mr. Crimmins is so well known among lovers of art.

THE AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

_When and where Founded._

The American-Irish Historical Society was founded on the evening of Jan. 20, 1897, at a meeting called for that purpose, and held in the Revere House, Boston, Mass. Over forty gentlemen were present. The Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, of Boston, presided. Thomas Hamilton Murray, then editor of the _Daily Sun_, Lawrence, Mass., was secretary of the meeting. The provisional committee that had attended to the preliminary work included Mr. Murray, just mentioned; Mr. James Jeffrey Roche, editor of the Boston _Pilot_; Mr. Joseph Smith, Secretary of the Police Commission, Lowell, Mass.; Mr. Thomas B. Lawler, of the publishing house, Ginn & Company, Boston, Mass.; and Hon. John C. Linehan, State Insurance Commissioner, Concord, N. H. Four states—Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island—were represented among those in attendance. Letters conveying good wishes were received from Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and the District of Columbia.

_Objects and Purposes._

The society is organized for the special study of the Irish element in the composition of the American people; to investigate and record the influence of this element in the up-building of the nation, and to collect and publish facts relating to and illustrating that influence. People of Irish blood have been coming to this continent, voluntarily and otherwise, since the date of its earliest settlements. While they have been a valuable addition to colony and republic in all departments of human activity, their work and contributions have received but scant recognition from chroniclers of American history. Whether this omission springs from carelessness, ignorance, indifference, or design is now of little moment. The fact that such a condition does exist makes it imperative that it should be remedied. The society purposes to remedy it.

_More in Detail._

Speaking more in detail, it may be stated that the objects and purposes of the society are: The study of American history generally; to investigate, specially, the Irish immigration to this country, determine its numbers, examine the sources, learn the places of its settlement, and estimate its influence on contemporary events in war, legislation, religion, education, and other departments of activity; to examine records of every character, wherever found, calculated to throw light on the work of the Irish element in this broad land; to endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted, and false views of history, where they are known, and to substitute therefor the truth of history, based on documentary evidence and the best and most reasonable tradition in relation to the Irish in America; to place the result of its historical investigations and researches in acceptable literary form; to print, publish, and distribute its documents to libraries, institutions of learning, and among its members, in order that the widest dissemination of historical truth may be obtained; to do its work without passion or prejudice; to view accomplished facts in the true scientific historical spirit, and having reached the truth to give it to the world.

_Membership Requirements._

Any person of good moral character who is interested in the special work of the society shall be deemed eligible for membership in the same. No tests other than that of character and devotion to the society’s objects shall be applied to membership. The society comprises life members and annual members and may also elect honorary and corresponding members.

_The Mode of Admission._

The society believes that for the present as little red tape as possible should prevail in the admission of applicants. A large membership is desired. Consequently, a request to be enrolled, addressed to the Secretary-General, to any of the members of the Executive Council, or to a member of the society who is located in the neighborhood of the applicant, will generally be sufficient to effect the desired result.

_Non-Sectarian and Non-Political._

The society is constructed on a broad and liberal basis. It is non-sectarian and non-political. Being an American organization in spirit and principle, it greets and welcomes to its ranks Americans of whatever race descent and of whatever creed who take an interest in the special line of work for which the society is organized. It at present includes Roman Catholics, Protestant Episcopalians, Methodists, Presbyterians, Unitarians, and members of other denominations. Catholic priests and Protestant ministers are on its roll. Republicans, Democrats, and men of no political party affiliations are numbered among its members.

_The Fees of Members._

Life members pay fifty dollars in advance at one time; they are exempt from further membership dues. Annual members pay three dollars per year each. For the present no initiation fee is required. Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia are already represented in the list of life members. The membership roll also contains the names of gentlemen of the seventh, eighth, and ninth American generations.

_The Society’s Officers._

The officers comprise a President-General, a Secretary-General, a Treasurer-General, a Librarian and Archivist, an Historiographer (not yet elected), and an Executive Council. The constitution also provides for a Vice-President for each state and territory and for the District of Columbia. It is proposed to eventually organize state and city chapters of the society. A list of the present officers will be found contained herein.

_The First President-General._

The first President-General of the society was Richard Worsam Meade, 3d, Rear-Admiral, U. S. N. (retired). He was born in New York City, Oct. 9, 1837, at the home of his maternal grandfather, Judge Henry Meigs, which family has given many officers to the United States Navy. He was the oldest son of the late Capt. Richard Worsam Meade, 2d, U. S. N., and was a nephew of the late Gen. George Gordon Meade, who for two years commanded the Army of the Potomac. President-General Meade died in Washington, D. C., May 4, 1897. His obsequies took place in that city. The Society contributed a floral harp. Among the mourners there were present from the society: Messrs. Edward A. Moseley, J. R. Carmody, J. D. O’Connell, and Capt. John M. Tobin. The honorary bearers were: Rear-Admiral John G. Walker, Commodore Charles S. Norton, Admiral George Dewey, Commodore Norman H. Farquhar, Commodore Winfield S. Schley, Capt. A. S. Crowinshield, Capt. Charles O’Neil, U. S. N., and Col. Charles Heywood, United States Marine Corps. Eight stalwart seamen bore the body. A battalion of marines from the Washington barracks, under command of Capt. E. B. Robinson, and a delegation from Lafayette Post of New York City, escorted the body to Arlington, preceded by the United States Marine Band.

_Meetings and Field Day._

Provision is made for quarterly meetings of the society and monthly meetings of the Executive Council. As far as possible, each meeting, especially those of the Council, is held in a city or state different from the one where the preceding meeting was held. This prevents the society from becoming merely local to any one state or city, and makes it what its founders intended it to be—a national body. A general field day of the organization is held annually in the summer or fall. The annual meeting for the election of officers is held in January.

_Diploma of Membership._

Each member will be entitled to a diploma of membership, bearing the name of the society, the date of his admission, and such other appropriate matter as may be decided upon. These certificates will be signed by the President-General, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer-General, and one or two other officers, and will be suitable for display in office, library, or study.

_The Society’s Publications._

The publications of the society consist of two classes—regular and special. A copy of every regular publication will be supplied free to each member. Special publications will be supplied at the actual cost price. Both classes of publications will contain a record of the society’s proceedings, papers contributed by the members as the result of original research, extracts from old documents bearing upon the Irish in this country, or similar matter of interest, much of it, indeed, of priceless value for preservation and reference. These publications will be thoroughly indexed.

THE SOCIETY’S OFFICERS.

President-General,
=Edward A. Moseley=,
Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington, D. C.

Secretary-General,
=Thomas Hamilton Murray=,
Editor, 1 Beechwood Avenue, Pawtucket, R. I.

Treasurer-General,
=John C. Linehan=,
State Insurance Commissioner, Concord, N. H.

Librarian and Archivist,
=Thomas B. Lawler=, Worcester, Mass.
(With Ginn & Company, Publishers, Boston, New York, Chicago, London.)

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.

The foregoing and

=James Jeffrey Roche=, Editor _The Pilot_, Boston, Mass. =Maurice F. Egan=, Catholic University, Washington, D. C. =Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien=, New York City. =Hon. John D. Crimmins=, New York City. =Thomas J. Gargan=, of the law firm, Gargan & Keating, Boston, Mass. =Joseph Smith=, Secretary of the Board of Police, Lowell, Mass. =Hon. James S. Coleman=, New York City. =Robert Ellis Thompson=, President Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa. =Frank C. Travers=, New York City. =Hon. Thomas Dunn English=, Newark, N. J. =Stephen J. Geoghegan=, New York City. =T. Russell Sullivan=, a descendant of Gov. James Sullivan of Massachusetts, Boston. =Francis Higgins=, New York City. =Augustus St. Gaudens=, New York City. =Joseph F. Swords=, Hartford, Ct.

STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Maine—=James Cunningham=, Portland. New Hampshire—=Timothy P. Sullivan=, Concord. Vermont—=T. W. Moloney=, Rutland. Massachusetts—=Osborne Howes=, Boston. Rhode Island—=M. Joseph Harson=, Providence. Connecticut—=Hon. Thomas M. Waller=, former Governor of Connecticut. New York—=Gen. James R. O’Beirne=, New York City. New Jersey—=Hon. William McAdoo=, Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Cleveland, Washington, D. C. Pennsylvania—=Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland=, Philadelphia. Virginia—=Hon. Joseph T. Lawless=, Richmond. West Virginia—=O’Brien Moore=, Charleston. South Carolina—=Ex-U. S. Senator M. C. Butler=, Edgefield. Georgia—=Ex-U. S. Senator Patrick Walsh=, Augusta. Ohio—=Rev. George W. Pepper=, Cleveland. Indiana—=Very Rev. Andrew Morrissey=, Notre Dame. Missouri—=Julius L. Foy=, Esq. Michigan—=Hon. T. A. E. Weadock=, Detroit. Colorado—=Dr. James E. Lowery=, Sopris. Utah—=Joseph Geoghegan=, Salt Lake City. Texas—=Gen. A. G. Malloy=, El Paso. District of Columbia—=J. D. O’Connell=, Washington.

MEMBERSHIP ROLL,
AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

=Abbott, F. J.=, 8 I Street, South Boston, Mass.

=Ackland, Thomas J.=, editorial department, _The Pilot_, 630
Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

=Ahern, John=, 5 Highland Street, Concord, N. H.

=Ahern, William J.=, 64 Franklin Street, Concord, N. H.; has served
as a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire.

=Alley, John R.= (life member of the society), 123 Heath Street,
Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

=Armstrong, Col. James=, Charleston, S. C.; Board of Harbor
Commissioners.

=Arundel, Edward L.=, ex-member City Council, Lawrence, Mass.

=Aspell, Dr. John=, 357 West 56th Street, New York City.

=Aylward, James F.=, 347 Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

=Barnes, James=, Players’ Club, New York City; grandnephew of
Commodore Jack Barry.

=Barrett, David L.=, Englewood, N. J.

=Barrett, Dr. Thomas J.=, 41 Wellington Street, Worcester, Mass.;
member State Board of Dental Registration.

=Barry, H. Nason=, _The Pilot_ Office, 630 Washington Street,
Boston, Mass.

=Barry, Very Rev. John E.=, Vicar-General Roman Catholic Diocese of
Manchester, N. H.; residence, Concord, N. H.

=Bennett, Joseph M.= (M. D.), 186 Broad Street, Providence, R. I.; a
brother of Secretary of State Bennett of Rhode Island.

=Betts, Rev. George C.=, Rector St. James’s Protestant Episcopal
Church, Goshen, N. Y.

=Birmingham, Robert M.= (M. D.), South Lawrence, Mass.

=Bodfish, Rev. Joshua P.=, Rector St. John’s Roman Catholic Church,
Canton, Mass.

=Boland, Michael J.=, Biddeford, Me.

=Bolton, Rev. J. Gray= (D. D.) (Presbyterian), 1906 Pine Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

=Boyle, Hon. Patrick J.=, Mayor of Newport, R. I.

=Boyle, Thomas H.=, 25 Merrimack Street, Lowell, Mass.

=Bradley, Richard E.=, 122 Monument Street, Portland, Me.

=Bradley, William J.=, lawyer, Central Building, Lawrence, Mass.

=Brady, Col. James D.=, Kellogg Building, Washington, D. C.;
ex-Member of Congress from Virginia; during the war joined the
37th N. Y. Volunteers (Irish Rifles), of which he was adjutant;
transferred to the 69th N. Y. Volunteers (of the Irish Brigade),
which he subsequently commanded.

=Brady, Rev. Cyrus Townsend=, Protestant Episcopal Archdeacon of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

=Brandon, Edward J.=, City Clerk, Cambridge, Mass.

=Brannigan, Felix=, Assistant Attorney-General, Department of
Justice, Washington, D. C.

=Bree, Jr., James P.=, 820 Chapel Street, New Haven, Ct.

=Breen, Hon. John=, Lawrence, Mass.; vice-chairman of the School
Board; served three terms as Mayor of Lawrence.

=Brennan, James F.=, attorney and counsellor-at-law, Peterborough,
N. H.; delivered an address on the early Irish settlers at the
150th anniversary of Peterborough.

=Brennan, Michael=, 2 West 75th Street, New York City; proprietor of
the Hotel San Remo, 74th and 75th Streets and Central Park West.

=Brennan, Thomas S.=, 353 West 56th Street, New York City.

=Broderick, James A.=, Opera Block, Manchester, N. H.

=Broderick, Rev. Thos. W.=, Hartford, Ct.

=Broe, James A.=, 478 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

=Brophy, John P.= (Ph.D., LL.D.), 321 West 137th Street, New York
City.

=Brosnahan, Rev. Timothy=, Rector St. Mary’s Church, Waltham, Mass.

=Brown, Col. William L.=, _Daily News_, New York City.

=Bryson, John=, 677 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

=Buckley, Dennis T.=, 19 Bacon Street, Biddeford, Me.

=Bucklin, Hon. Elisha W.=, Pawtucket, R. I.; ex-State Auditor of
Rhode Island.

=Butler, Hon. Matthew C.=, ex-United States Senator, Edgefield, S.
C.

=Butler, Rev. Thomas F.=, Lewiston, Me.

=Burke, J. E.=, Superintendent of Public Schools, Lawrence, Mass.

=Burke, Robert E.=, recently City Solicitor, Newburyport, Mass.

=Burke, Tobias A.=, _Argus_ Office, Portland, Me.

=Byrne, John=, 45 Wall Street, New York City.

=Cahill, M. J.=, dry-goods merchant, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

=Callaghan, Lawrence=, manufacturer, 95 Locke Street, Haverhill,
Mass.

=Callahan, John A.=, School Principal, 79 Lincoln Street, Holyoke,
Mass.

=Callahan, John F.=, 202–206 Lincoln Street, Boston, Mass.

=Callanan, E. J.=, of Marlier, Callanan & Co., 172 Tremont Street,
Boston, Mass.

=Calnin, James=, 101–107 Lakeview Avenue, Lowell, Mass.

=Campbell, James P.=, lawyer, 20 West 70th Street, New York City.

=Cannon, James N.=, 240 Hamilton Street, New Haven, Ct.

=Cantwell, John J.=, Brookline, Mass.

=Canty, T. W.=, Chicopee, Mass.

=Carey, Jeremiah J.=, office the _Sunday Star_, Lawrence, Mass.

=Carmichael, James H.=, Lowell, Mass.

=Carmody, John R.=, Paymaster U. S. N.; Washington Loan and Trust
Co., 1220 Sixteenth Street, Washington, D. C.

=Carney, Matthew J.=, of M. Carney & Co., Lawrence, Mass.

=Carney, Michael=, of M. Carney & Co., Lawrence, Mass.

=Carroll, Edward=, Cashier Leavenworth National Bank, Leavenworth,
Kansas.

=Carroll, Hon. Hugh J.=, Pawtucket, R. I., ex-Member of the Rhode
Island General Assembly; ex-Mayor of Pawtucket.

=Carroll, James B.=, lawyer, 50 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Carroll, Thomas=, director of the Public Library, Peabody, Mass.

=Carter, Richard A.=, proprietor of the Central House, Lawrence,
Mass.

=Casey, Stephen J.=, lawyer, Providence, R. I.

=Casey, William J.=, Palm Street, Bangor, Me.

=Cashman, John=, 30 Church Street, Manchester, N. H.

=Casman, John P.=, 34 Howard Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Cavanagh, Michael=, 1159 Fourth Street, N. E., Washington, D. C.

=Cavanaugh, John B.=, 924 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

=Cavanaugh, Thomas Jeffrey=, 54 Stark Corporation, Manchester, N. H.

=Chaplin, Heman W.=, a descendant of the Revolutionary O’Briens of
Machias, Me.; attorney-at-law, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass.

=Clare, William F.=, 39 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

=Clark, Joseph H.=, 13 Adam Street, Lowell, Mass.

=Clark, Rev. James F.=, New Bedford, Mass.

=Clarke, Rev. Michael=, Rector Church of the Sacred Heart, East
Boston, Mass.

=Clary, Charles H.=, Hallowell, Me.; a descendant of “John Clary of
Newcastle, province of New Hampshire, who was published to Jane
Mahoney of Georgetown, Me., 1750.” John settled in Georgetown,
presumably about the time of his marriage. Four children were born
before 1760.

=Clifford, James=, El Paso, Texas.

=Clune, John H.=, Postmaster, Springfield, Mass.

=Coakley, Daniel H.=, 77 Arlington Street, Brighton (Boston), Mass.;
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1892–94;
has a law office in Pemberton Square, Boston.

=Coffey, John J.=, Neponset, Mass.

=Cogan, D. S.=, 320 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

=Cohalan, Daniel F.=, lawyer, 271 Broadway, New York City.

=Coleman, Cornelius F.=, 162–164 Middle Street, Portland, Me.

=Coleman, James S.=, 38 East 69th Street, New York City.

=Collins, Hon. Patrick A.=, ex-Member of Congress; late United
States Consul-General to London, England; Tremont Building,
Boston, Mass.

=Collins, James M.=, 6 Sexton Avenue, South Main Street, Concord, N.
H.

=Collins, Rev. Charles W.=, the Cathedral, Portland, Me.

=Collins, Stephen J.=, 212 Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Collins, William D.= (M. D.), 170 Winter Street, Haverhill, Mass.

=Collison, Harvey N.=, member Massachusetts Legislature, 1887–88;
has also served on Boston School Board and Metropolitan Sewerage
Commission; lawyer, 5 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.

=Conaty, Rt. Rev. Thomas J.= (D. D.), Rector of the Catholic
University, Washington, D. C.

=Concannon, John S.=, 19 Crystal Cove Avenue, Winthrop, Mass., or
City Hall, Boston, Mass.

=Condon, Edward O’Meagher=, office U. S. Supervising Architect,
Washington, D. C.

=Coney, Patrick H.=, attorney-at-law, Topeka, Kansas.

=Conley, Henry=, 7 Winthrop Street, Portland, Me.

=Conley, John E.=, 87 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.; ex-Clerk
of the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

=Conlin, Michael=, 59 South Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

=Conlon, Michael=, 15 Pool Street, Biddeford, Me.

=Connellan, James A.=, 98 Exchange Street, Portland, Me.

=Conner, John E.=, City Marshal, Chicopee, Mass.

=Conners, Edward=, 31 Hammond Street, Bangor, Me.; has been a member
of the Board of Aldermen, of the Police Examining Board, and has
filled other municipal offices.

=Connery, William P.=, Pleasant Street, Lynn, Mass.

=Connolly, James=, Coronado, Cal.

=Connolly, Michael J.=, Trustee of the Public Library, Waltham,
Mass.

=Connolly, Rev. Arthur T.=, Rector Church of the Blessed Sacrament,
Center and Creighton Streets, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

=Connolly, Richard=, 132 Boston Street, Salem, Mass.

=Connolly, Thomas G.=, 147 L Street, South Boston, Mass.

=Connor, J. F.=, of Connor & Tracy, Peabody, Mass.

=Connor, John J.=, _Sunday Register_ Office, Essex Street, Lawrence,
Mass.

=Connor, John W.=, 93 Main Street, Nashua, N. H.

=Connor, Michael=, 509 Beach Street, Manchester, N. H.

=Conroy, Philip F.=, Newport Gaslight Co., Newport, R. I.

=Corcoran, C. J.=, City Clerk, Lawrence, Mass.

=Corcoran, Dr. Luke=, Springfield, Mass.

=Corcoran, Hon. John W.=, recently a Judge of the Superior Court;
Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

=Corr, Bernard=, Chamber of Commerce Building, Boston, Mass.

=Corrigan, J. P.= (M. D.), Benedict House, Pawtucket, R. I.

=Costello, Frederick H.=, Bangor, Me.; a native of that city and
great-grandson of an Irishman.

=Costello, J. C.=, Washington and Warren Streets, Newark, N. J.

=Costello, John H.=, 40 East Brookline Street, Boston, Mass.

=Coughlin, J. A.=, Manager, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

=Coughlin, John=, 177 Water Street, Augusta, Me.

=Coyle, Rev. James=, Taunton, Mass.

=Crane, Hon. M. W.=, Attorney-General, Austin, Texas.

=Crane, John=, 307 West 103d Street, New York City.

=Cranitch, William=, 841 West End Avenue, New York City.

=Crimmins, John D.=, capitalist (life member), 50 East 59th Street,
New York City.

=Cronin, Capt. William=, Rutland, Vt.

=Cronin, John H.=, druggist, 317 Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

=Cronin, William J.=, 87 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.; member
of the Pawtucket School Board.

=Croston, Dr. J. F.=, Emerson Street, Haverhill, Mass.

=Crowe, Edward J.=, Lamoille, Winona County, Minn.

=Crowell, Hon. Henry G.=, South Yarmouth, Mass.; a descendant of
David O’Killia (O’Kelly), who settled on Cape Cod as early as
1657, and who is mentioned in the old Yarmouth, Mass., records as
“the Irishman.” The records show that at the close of King
Philip’s War, O’Killia was assessed his proportionate part towards
defraying the expenses of that struggle.

=Crowley, Bartholomew=, manufacturer, Haverhill, Mass.

=Crowley, Jeremiah=, of the law firm, Crowley & O’Hearn, Lowell,
Mass.

=Crowley, John F.=, Standard Clothing Co., Bangor, Me.

=Culhane, Thomas A.=, Marietta, Lane County, Penn.

=Cummings, Dr. W. F.=, Rutland, Vt.

=Cummings, Matthew J.=, Overseer of the Poor, Providence, R. I.

=Cummins, Rev. John F.=, Roslindale, Mass.

=Cunningham, Christopher D.=, 178 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

=Cunningham, Francis W.=, 167 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

=Cunningham, James=, 277 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

=Cunningham, John E.=, Gardiner, Me.

=Curran, Bartley J.=, 72 Exchange Street, Portland, Me.

=Curran, James=, president the James Curran Mfg. Co., 512–514 West
36th Street, New York City.

=Curran, Maurice J.=, of the Curran & Joyce Co., Lawrence, Mass.

=Curran, William F.=, 38 Fern Street, Bangor, Me.; has served three
terms on the Board of Aldermen.

=Curry, Capt. P. S.=, 1 Box Place, Lynn, Mass.; superintendent of
construction for the new Federal Building in that city.

=Curtin, Jeremiah=, Bristol, Vt.; author of _Hero Tales of Ireland_,
_Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland_, _Myths and Folk Tales of the
Russians_, _Western Slavs and Magyars_; translator of works of
Henryk Sienkiewicz.

=Cusack, Peter=, 38 Washington Street, Newburyport, Mass.

=Cushnahan, Rev. P. M.=, Rector of St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic
Church, Ogden City, Utah.

=Dailey, Peter=, real estate, etc., 209 Washington Street, Boston,
Mass.

=Daly, Hon. Joseph F.=, Court House, Chambers Street, New York City;
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

=Daly, John=, South Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

=Daly, John J.=, Salt Lake City, Utah; one of the heaviest mine
owners in the state.

=Daly, Rev. Patrick J.=, Rector Church of St. Francis de Sales,
Vernon Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

=Danvers, Robert E.=, 17 West 65th Street, New York City.

=Dasey, Charles V.=, 7 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.

=Davidson, John A.=, Adjutant, 69th Regt. N. Y. V., 246 West 45th
Street, New York City.

=Davis, Dr. F. L.=, 253 Main Street, Biddeford, Me., City Physician.

=Davis, Hon. Robert T.=, Fall River, Mass.; ex-Mayor, ex-Member of
Congress.

=Davis, John J.=, Greenville, Pa.

=Day, Hon. William A.=, Washington, D. C.; recently second auditor
of the U. S. Treasury.

=DeCourcy, Charles A.=, of DeCourcy & Coulson, lawyers, Essex
Street, Lawrence, Mass.

=Dempsey, George C.=, Lowell, Mass.

=Dempsey, Henry L.=, Stillwater, R. I.; Postmaster; member
Smithfield Town Council.

=Dempsey, Patrick=, Market Street, Lowell, Mass.

=Dennison, Joseph A.=, of law firm, Coakley & Dennison, Pemberton
Square, Boston, Mass.

=Desmond, J. J.=, druggist, 565 Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

=Desmond, John F.=, civil engineer, 83 Merrimac Street, Haverhill,
Mass.

=Devine, P. A.=, 100 Central Street, Manchester, N. H.

=Dignam, M. A.= (D. D. S.), 295 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

=Dillon, Capt. Moses=, El Paso, Texas.

=Dillon, Thomas J.= (M. D.), 121 Vernon Street, Roxbury (Boston),
Mass.

=Doherty, James L.=, 131 Bowdoin Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Doherty, Philip J.=, 23 Court Street, Boston, Mass.; lawyer; has
served several terms in the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1886 was
nominee for Speaker of the House; in 1889 was appointed member of
the Boston Water Board.

=Dolan, Patrick J.=, 901 Garfield Building, Cleveland, O.

=Donahoe, D. J.=, of Donahoe Brothers, manufacturers, Lynn, Mass.

=Donahoe, Dan A.=, 285 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

=Donahoe, Dr. Florence=, 1134 Eighth Street, N. W., Washington, D.
C.

=Donahoe, John P.=, Wilmington, Del.; National Commander, Union
Veteran Legion; a member of the recent Constitutional Convention
of the state.

=Donahoe, Patrick=, publisher of _The Pilot_, Boston, Mass.

=Donahue, Frank P.=, 9 Pynchon Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Donahue, Hugh= (M. D.), 200 Winter Street, Haverhill, Mass.

=Donahue, John J.=, Keene, N. H.

=Donigan, Bernard E.=, of Donigan & O’Brien, clothiers, 322 Essex
Street, Lawrence, Mass.; formerly Postmaster at Orono, Me.

=Donnellan, Col. John W.=, banker, Salt Lake City, Utah.

=Donnelly, B. J.=, of Shea & Donnelly, granite workers and
contractors, Lynn, Mass.

=Donnelly, Hon. Ignatius=, Nininger, Minn.; upholder of the Baconian
theory regarding Shakespeare’s works; twice elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Minnesota; has been a Member of Congress.

=Donnelly, Hugh J.=, 100 Central Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Donoghoe, Dr. D. F.=, 240 Maple Street, Holyoke, member School
Board.

=Donovan, Col. Henry F.=, Chicago, Ill.; late Inspector-General
Illinois National Guard; served five terms as President of the
County Board of Education; proprietor of the _Chicago Eagle_.

=Donovan, Daniel=, 21 High Rock Street, Lynn, Mass.; an authority on
heraldry, armorial bearings, etc., particularly as the same relate
to Ireland.

=Donovan, Daniel A.=, of D. A. Donovan & Co., manufacturers, 47–51
Willow Street, Lynn, Mass.

=Donovan, Dr. James A.=, Lewiston, Me.

=Donovan, John J.=, lawyer, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

=Donovan, Joseph=, lawyer, Central Building, Lawrence, Mass.

=Donovan, M. F.=, of D. A. Donovan & Co., 47–51 Willow Street, Lynn,
Mass.

=Donovan, Michael R.= (M. D.), 128 South Common Street, Lynn, Mass.

=Donovan, Timothy=, of D. A. Donovan & Co., 47–51 Willow Street,
Lynn, Mass.

=Donovan, William H.=, Lawrence, Mass.

=Doogue, William=, Superintendent of public grounds, Boston, Mass.

=Doolittle, James G.=, Salt Lake City, Utah.

=Doran, John=, of the law firm, McGuinness & Doran, Weybosset
Street, Providence, R. I.

=Doran, Patrick L.=, Salt Lake City, Utah.

=Dowd, Frederick C.=, Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

=Dowd, Michael=, Tacoma, Wash.

=Dowd, Michael J.=, 31–39 Merrimack Street, Lowell, Mass.

=Dowd, Peter A.=, 95 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.

=Dowling, M. J.=, Renville, Minn.; Secretary of the National
Republican League.

=Dowling, Rev. Austin=, Editor _The Visitor_, Providence, R. I.

=Downey, Daniel=, 50 Piedmont Street, Worcester, Mass.

=Doyle, John F.=, 45 William Street, New York City.

=Driscoll, C. F.=, attorney-at-law, 157 Church Street, New Haven,
Conn.

=Driscoll, Florence F.=, 56 Adams Street, Portland, Me.

=Drummond, Michael J.=, 148 West 76th Street, New York City.

=Duff, Dr. John=, 5 Dexter Row, Charlestown (Boston), Mass.

=Duff, John=, 35 Purchase Street, New Bedford, Mass.

=Duffy, Arthur E.=, 39 Ash Street, New Bedford, Mass.

=Duggan, John T.= (M. D., A. M.), President Visiting Staff, St.
Vincent’s Hospital, Worcester, Mass.

=Dunn, Edward P.=, 12 Lincoln Street, Augusta, Me.

=Dunne, F. L.=, 328 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

=Dunnigan, D. G.=, publisher, New Bedford, Mass.

=Dwyer, Anthony=, Biddeford, Me.

=Dwyer, M. J.=, Superintendent Marcella Street Home, Boston, Mass.

=Dyer, Dr. William H.=, Dover, N. H.

=Dyer, Hon. Elisha=, Governor of Rhode Island.

=Early, James=, Deputy Sheriff, Worcester, Mass.

=Egan, James T.=, of the law firm, Gorman & Egan, Banigan Building,
Providence, R. I.

=Egan, Maurice F.= (LL.D.), Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

=Egan, Rev. M. H.=, Rector Church of the Sacred Heart, Lebanon, N.
H.

=Ellard, George W.=, 180 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, Me.

=Emmet, Dr. Thomas Addis=, New York City; grandnephew of Robert
Emmet, the Irish patriot.

=English, Hon. Thomas Dunn= (LL.D.), 57 State Street, Newark, N. J.;
ex-Member of Congress; a well-known and entertaining writer.

=Fagan, Thomas J.=, Sergeant of Police, Chicago, Ill.

=Fahey, M. J.=, P. O. box 893, New Haven, Conn.

=Fahey, Rev. John T.=, 15 Thomas Street, Fall River, Mass.

=Fallon, Hon. Joseph D.=, 789 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.

=Fallon, Michael F.= (M. D.), 9 Portland Street, Worcester, Mass.

=Farrell, Edward D.=, 329 West 50th Street, New York City.

=Farrell, Henry W.= (M. D.), 1913 Westminster Street, Providence, R.
I.

=Farrell, J. T.= (M. D.), 1913 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

=Farrell, John P.=, New Haven, Conn.

=Farrell, William=, Carnation Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

=Farrelly, Frank T.=, 424 Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Fay, Joseph H.= (M. D.), 1283 Pleasant Street, Fall River, Mass.

=Feehan, Rev. Daniel F.=, Fitchburg, Mass.

=Feeley, William J.=, treasurer of The W. J. Feeley Co.,
silversmiths and manufacturing jewelers, 185 Eddy Street,
Providence, R. I.

=Feenan, Bernard=, 85 Harbor Street, Salem, Mass.

=Field, John H.=, 27 High Street, Nashua, N. H.

=Finerty, Hon. John F.=, 69 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.; Editor
of _The Citizen_; ex-Member of Congress.

=Finn, Rev. Thomas J.=, St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Derby,
Conn.

=Finnigan, James C.=, 139 Broad Street, Bangor, Me.; proprietor of
the largest cracker manufactory in the state.

=Finnigan, Patrick J.= (M. D.), 361 Cambridge Street, East
Cambridge, Mass.

=Finnigan, Thomas J.=, 121 Somerset Street, Bangor, Me.; member of
the Park Commission.

=Fitzgerald, David E.=, 179 Church Street, New Haven, Conn.

=Fitzgerald, Patrick J.=, manufacturer, 44 Nichols Street,
Haverhill, Mass.

=Fitzgerald, Rev. E. J.=, Chicopee, Mass.

=Fitzgerald, William T.=, High Street, Nashua, N. H.

=Fitzmaurice, Charles R.=, Rossland, British Columbia.

=Fitzpatrick, Edward=, editorial department of _The Times_,
Louisville, Ky.

=Fitzpatrick, J. M.=, 120 West 59th Street, New York City.

=Fitzpatrick, John B.=, real estate, etc., 23 Court Street, Boston,
Mass.; has been deputy sheriff of Suffolk County, Mass.; was for
several years an officer of the Supreme Court.

=Fitzpatrick, Thomas B.=, of the wholesale dry goods firm of Brown,
Durrell & Co., Boston, Mass.

=Fitzsimons, Hon. James M.=, Chief Justice of the City Court, New
York.

=Flaherty, Thomas H.=, 62 Gray Street, Portland, Me.

=Flanagan, Dr. Andrew J.=, 29 George Street, Springfield, Mass.

=Flannery, Capt. John=, Savannah, Ga.; of John Flannery & Co.,
cotton factors and commission merchants.

=Flatley, Joseph P.=, 916 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

=Flatley, P. J.=, lawyer, Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

=Flatley, Rev. John=, Rector St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church,
Cambridge, Mass.

=Flynn, Hon. Joseph J.=, Opera House, Lawrence, Mass.; a State
Senator.

=Flynn, John C.=, _The Pilot_ Office, 630 Washington Street, Boston,
Mass.

=Flynn, Rev. James A.=, Biddeford, Me.

=Flynn, Thomas J.=, 18–20 Essex Street, Boston, Mass.

=Fogarty, James A.=, New Haven, Conn., Police Commissioner.

=Fogarty, Jeremiah W.=, assessors’ department, City Hall, Boston,
Mass.; Secretary of the Charitable Irish Society (founded 1737).

=Foley, Bernard=, 39 Edgewood Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

=Foley, Frank W.=, 284 Grand Avenue, New Haven, Conn.

=Foy, Julius L.=, lawyer, 408–409 Continental Bank Building, St.
Louis, Mo.

=Frawley, John P.=, 73 Main Street, Bangor, Me.

=Furlong, Joseph D.=, 75 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

=Gallagher, Cornelius J.=, 271 State Street, Bangor, Me.

=Gallagher, Hugh T.=, 11 Birch Street, Bangor, Me.

=Gallagher, Thomas F.=, Judge of the City Court, Fitchburg, Mass.

=Galligan, Edward F.= (M. D.), 63 Washington Street, Taunton, Mass.

=Gallivan, Maurice=, 58 Dracut Street, Dorchester, Mass.

=Galvin, John E.=, 14 Bailey Street, Dorchester, Mass.