Chapter I: Preface

The sub-title of this little volume indicates that practically
all the processes involved in the cultivation of jute plants,
the extraction of the fibre, and the transformation of the fibre
into useful commodities, have been considered. In addition, every
important branch of this wide industry is liberally illustrated,
and the description, although not severely technical, is
sufficiently so to enable students, or those with no previous
knowledge of the subject, to follow the operations intelligently,
and to become more or less acquainted with the general routine
of jute manufacture. As a matter of fact, the work forms a medium
of study for textile students, and a suitable introduction to the
more detailed literature by the authors on these textile subjects.

T. WOODHOUSE.
P. KILGOUR.

March, 1921.

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CONTENTS

CHAP.
PREFACE
I. INTRODUCTORY
II. CULTIVATION
III. RETTING
IV. ASSORTING AND BALING JUTE FIBRE.
V. MILL OPERATIONS
VI. BATCHING
VII. CARDING
VIII. DRAWING AND DRAWING FRAMES
IX. THE ROVING FRAME
X. SPINNING
XI. TWISTING AND REELING.
XII. WINDING: ROLLS AND COPS
XIII. WARPING, BEAMING AND DRESSING.
XIV. TYING-ON, DRAWING-IN AND WEAVING
XV. FINISHING
INDEX

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ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.
1. NATIVES PLOUGHING THE GROUND
2. BREAKING UP THE SOIL OR "LADDERING"
3. PHOTOMICROGRAPHS OF CROSS-SECTIONS OF A JUTE PLANT
4. NATIVES CARRYING SMALL BALES OF JUTE FIBRE
FROM BOAT TO PRESS-HOUSE
5. NATIVES BAILING JUTE FIBRE IN A
WATSON-FAWCETT CYCLONE PRESS
6. VESSEL LADEN WITH JUTE AT QUAY-SIDE
ADJOINING JUTE SEEDS IN DUNDEE HARBOUR
7. HARBOUR PORTERS REMOVING BALES OF JUTE
FROM VESSEL SHOWN IN FIG. 6
8. BALE OPENER (MESSRS. URQUHART, LINDSAY & CO., LTD.)
9. BALE OPENER (MESSRS. CHARLES PARKER, SONS & CO., LTD)
10. HAND-BATCHING DEPARTMENT WITH UNPREPARED
AND PREPARED FIBRE
11. SOFTENING MACHINE WITHOUT BATCHING APPARATUS
12. BATCHING APPARATUS
13. SOFTENING MACHINE WITH BATCHING APPARATUS
14. MODERN BREAKER CARD
15. FINISHER CARD WITH DRAWING HEAD
16. WASTE TEAZER
17. PUSH-BAR DRAWING FRAME
18. ROVING FRAME
19. FAIRBAIRN'S ROVING FRAME IN WORK
20. AN INDIAN SPINNING FLAT
21. A LINE OF SPINNING FRAMES
22. BOBBIN WINDING MACHINE (FROM HANKS)
23. ROLL WINDER FOR LARGE ROLLS
24. ROLL WINDING MACHINE (FROM HANKS)
25. COP WINDING MACHINE (MESSRS. DOUGLAS FRASER & SONS, LTD.)
26. COP WINDING MACHINE (MESSRS URQUHART, LINDSAY & CO., LTD.)
27. A ROW OF MODERN WARPING MILLS.
28. POWER CHAIN OR WARP LINKING MACHINE
29. WINDING-ON OR DRY BEAMING MACHINE
30. A MODERN YARN--DRESSING MACHINE WITH SIX STEAM-HEATED CYLINDERS
31. DRESSING MACHINE FOR PREPARING TWO WARPS SIMULTANEOUSLY
32, SIX DISTINCT KINDS OF TYPICAL JUTE FABRICS
33. POINT-PAPER DESIGNS SHOWING WEAVES FOR VARIOUS CLOTHS.
34. DIAGRAMMATIC VIEWS OF THE STRUCTURE OF PLAIN CLOTH
35. WEAVING SHED WITH BELT-DRIVEN LOOMS.
36. LOOMS DRIVEN WITH INDIVIDUAL MOTORS
37. BOBBY LOOM
38. BRUSSELS AND WILTON CARPET LOOM
39. THE OLD WAY
40. THE NEW WAY
41. CROPPING MACHINE AT WORK
42. DOUBLE CROPPING MACHINE
43. DAMPING MACHINE
44. CALENDER
45. HYDRAULIC MANGLE
46. FOLDING, LAPPING OR PLEATING MACHINE
47. CRISPING, CREASING OR RIGGING MACHINE
48, SEMI-MECHANICAL BAG OR SACK CUTTING MACHINE
49. OVERHEAD (LAING) SACK SEWING MACHINE.
50. SACK PRINTING MACHINE.

THE JUTE INDUSTRY

FROM SEED TO FINISHED CLOTH