Chapter XXXIV: Introduction: To the Special Key Index

I stated in a letter to _The Academy_, August 1st, 1908, that "were it possible by application of a cipher code to discover the words 'Emily Brontë' in every sentence of _Wuthering Heights_, I could not even then say any one wrote the book but Charlotte Brontë." If people write before they think, then importance can be attached to clerical testimony and external associations to the disadvantage of internal and literal evidence. But inspiration, thought, and fact denote in questions of authorship, and therefore that is author of a work whose thoughts and words are expressed and inmost life revealed therein. _Wuthering Heights_, we now see, is Charlotte Brontë, and it matters not what amanuensis dealt with the relation--what sequence of complications resulted from her first day of handing over the work to her sister, and of conspiring to conceal her authorship.

Had not my own two sisters died, I might have been tempted to make them novelists: out of my bottom drawer I could have provided them with a novel each and one for a "follow-on," and yet have left myself some maturer works in hand. But _my_ sisters would have had to copy out the manuscripts for the printers from my first drafts, and in every way possible to merit and to establish association with the books as authors. And how indignant we would have been--nay, alarmed, had there been a "Newby arrangement," at some daring critic, like Lady Eastlake and Sydney Dobell, imputing they were the work of one mind! Would we not have appealed to clerical testimony? With a more practised hand Charlotte Brontë in her days of fame corrected and edited _Wuthering Heights_. Emily was dead. Well might Charlotte say the labour left her "prostrate and entombed." What memories had it recalled!--what a history! It is obvious to all who consider carefully the letter Charlotte Brontë penned Wordsworth, to which I refer in the footnote on page 17 of _The Key to the Brontë Works_, that she wrote her books rapidly; and a review of the fact that the Brontë school project was renounced in favour of literary projects suggests Currer Bell in 1845-46 revealed to her sisters the advantages of having a bottom drawer. Let any reader use what I have termed the Key Index to the works of Charlotte Brontë, and it will be perceived quite easily that _Wuthering Heights_ is irrefutably at one with Currer Bell and all her other books--that the works of Charlotte Brontë are all related to each other, to Charlotte Brontë, and to the facts and people of her life as seen and known by herself. The reader of a given Brontë work will glance down the list in the Key Index under the heading of the particular book in hand to find these very important and intensely interesting connections, now first shown to exist:--

THE KEY INDEX

TO THE LIFE AND WORKS OF CHARLOTTE BRONTË.

WUTHERING HEIGHTS.

Its relation to Charlotte Brontë's life, vii.-xi.[105], 16-19, 32-3,
37-53, 55-7, 69, 78-9, 83, 85-103, 106, 108-112, 114-8, 120-1,
126-9, 130-155, 156-8, 160-1, 168

In relation to Branwell Brontë, x., 18, 37-40, 52-3, 78-9, 93-5, 139

---- Tabby Aykroyd, x., 38, 40-1, 43-53, 77, 94-5, 147-8, 160, 168

---- M. Héger, viii., xi., 16, 17, 34, 56, 87, 89, 91-3, 96-103, 106,
111, 120-1, 128-9, 134-154, 157

---- Madame Héger, 106-7, 117

---- Taylor of Hunsworth, 83-9

---- Rev. Patrick Brontë, 49, 147;
the younger Cathy's father, 161

---- Maria Brontë, 37

---- Emily Brontë, viii., 17, 18, 40, 138, 146, 153, 156, 169

---- M. Sue, ix., 103-4, 106-112, 114, 121, 128, 132-142

---- Charlotte Brontë's _Poems_, 56, 97, 128, 132-7, 139, 140-5,
150-1, 157-8

---- Montagu, x., 17, 20-35, 55, 57-68, 71, 141-5

---- _Jane Eyre_, vii., viii., x., 18, 20, 22-56, 58-68, 71-2, 79, 83,
85-103, 106, 108-112, 114-119, 121, 128-9, 134-146, 151-4, 157,
168

---- _Shirley_, ix., 18-9, 41, 43, 55-6, 83, 85-9, 136, 146-153, 160-1

---- _The Professor_, ix., x., 53-6, 78-9, 84-9, 121, 127-9, 138-9,
145, 151

---- _Villette_, ix., 92, 96-7, 103, 111, 121, 128-9, 136-8, 143-5,
148-154, 161

---- Charlotte Brontë's Method I., viii.-x., 23-4, 25-31, 38, 40, 47,
97-103

---- ---- Method II., viii., 25-31, 38-9, 48-51, 53, 55

JANE EYRE.

Its relation to Charlotte Brontë's life, vii., viii., x.,[105] 15, 18,
21-2, 30, 37-56, 69-119, 121-154, 157, 168

In relation to Branwell Brontë, x., xi., 18, 37-40, 52-3, 78-9, 93-5,
106, 139

---- Tabby Aykroyd, x., 40, 43-53, 77-8, 94-5, 105, 128, 168

---- M. Héger, x., 14, 82-9, 92-3, 96-107, 111, 120, 126-9, 136-146,
148-154

---- Madame Héger, 106-7, 112, 117

---- Taylor of Hunsworth, 83-9

---- Rev. Patrick Brontë, xi., 70-2, 74-7, 81-2, 128, 136

---- Maria Brontë, xi., 24, 70-1, 80-1, 106, 108-110

---- Anne Brontë, xi., 70-4, 77-8, 81-2;
Elizabeth Brontë, xi., 72, 81, 106-7

---- Emily Brontë, xi., 70-4, 78, 81

---- Aunt Branwell, xi., 70-3, 77-81

---- Cousin Eliza Branwell, xi., 69, 70-2, 79-81

---- M. Sue, ix., x., 82-3, 103-121, 126-9, 135

---- Charlotte Brontë's _Poems_, 97, 128, 135-8, 140-5, 150-1, 157-8

---- Montagu, x., 20-36, 60-8, 71-2, 140-5

---- _Wuthering Heights_, same as opposite

---- _Shirley_, 81, 83-9, 136, 147-153

---- _The Professor_, 79, 83-9, 111, 127-9, 139-142, 145, 151

---- _Villette_, 42, 86, 89, 92, 103, 118-9, 126, 128-9, 132-154

---- Charlotte Brontë's Method I., x., 23-4, 25-31, 97-103, 105

---- ---- Method II., 25-31, 45, 48-51, 72, 74

SHIRLEY.

Its relation to Charlotte Brontë's life, vii., ix., 41, 43, 69, 75,
81, 83-4, 87-9, 120, 136, 146-153, 156-7, 159, 160, 163

In relation to Tabby Aykroyd, 43, 160

---- M. Héger, ix., 69, 81, 83-4, 120, 136, 146-153, 163

---- Taylor of Hunsworth, 83-9;
Martha and Mary, 83-4

---- Rev. Patrick Brontë, 41, 75, 159-161;
Mrs. Brontë, 41, 159-161;
Emily Brontë, 69, 81, 156-7

---- Rev. A. B. Nicholls, 160;
M. Sue, 163;
Miss Wooler, 160

---- Charlotte Brontë's _Poems_, 136

---- _Wuthering Heights._ See Key Index for that work

---- _Jane Eyre._ " " "

---- _The Professor_, 83-9, 150-3

---- _Villette_, 41, 86, 89, 136-142, 146-154, 160-1

THE PROFESSOR.

Its relation to Charlotte Brontë's life, vii., ix., 16, 18, 53-5, 63,
71, 79, 83-9, 111, 120-9, 138-9, 145, 150-2, 160

In relation to M. Héger, ix., 16, 63, 83-9, 111, 120-9, 138-9, 145,
150-2, 160, 164

---- Madame Héger, 16, 111, 122-8, 131-3

---- Taylor of Hunsworth, 83-9

---- M. Sue, ix., 63, 84, 104, 107, 111, 120-9

---- Branwell Brontë, 79

---- Montagu, 63, 71

---- Charlotte Brontë's _Poems_, 63, 71, 128, 139, 151, 158

---- _Wuthering Heights_, _Jane Eyre_, and _Shirley_. See Key Index
for those works

---- _Villette_, ix., 86, 107, 111, 126-9, 139, 144-5, 149-151, 160

---- Charlotte Brontë's Method I., ix., 121, 127-8, 131

VILLETTE.

Its relation to Charlotte Brontë's life, vii., ix., 41, 47, 86, 89,
92, 97, 103, 107, 111, 118, 126, 128-9, 132-7, 140, 144-5,
148-154, 160-1, 166-7

In relation to M. Héger, ix., 70, 86, 89, 92, 97, 103, 111, 118, 126,
128-9, 132-40, 145, 150-4, 166

---- Madame Héger, 106, 118, 133

---- Taylor of Hunsworth, 89

---- M. Sue, ix., 103-4, 111, 118, 120-9, 130-5

---- Lady Ritchie, xi., 165-8

---- Mr. George Smith, 69, 160-1, 166-8; Mrs. Smith, 161, 166-8

---- Thackeray, 70, 165-8

---- Rev. Patrick Brontë, 77, 136, 161

---- Rev. A. B. Nicholls, 69, 86, 161

---- Charlotte Brontë's _Poems_, 128, 132-7, 140-5, 149-152

---- _Wuthering Heights_, _Jane Eyre_, _Shirley_, and _The Professor_.
See Key Index for those works

END OF THE KEY INDEX TO CHARLOTTE BRONTË'S WORKS.

WUTHERING HEIGHTS.

Brontë, Charlotte, her life:--37-53, 93-103, 138-9, 153, 169;
_Frances_ and Catherine, 133-4;
throughout the work of, 18, 40;
drawn by her from Montagu, 22-36, 57-68, 141-2;
_Tale of a Foundling_, 33;
_Alembert_, 65;
as the younger Catherine, viii., 46, 161;
as the two Cathys, 16, 17, 34, 106-118, 161;
Authoritative evidence of her Methods I. and II.:--viii., 25-6,
98-103, and of Key Index to the Brontë Works, 169, 170;
gives it Emily, 17, 18, 169;
offers it publishers, 17;
story of a sad Night, 17;
why she disavowed authorship of, 143-6;
unable to admit authorship of, 18, 146, 153, 169;
preface to, 142, 145;
rainy day in her childhood, 37-42;
fit of frenzy, 48-51;
spectral writing, 42;
phantom hag, 42;
her childhood reading, 41;
Rev. Jabez Bunting, 41;
her cold, wailing child apparition, 28-30, 52-6;
cloven tree, 96-7;
and Heathcliffe's hypochondria, 16, 55-6, 87-8, 144;
Isabella's rival, 106, 117-8;
as Catherine of Malham, 23, 57-68;
her mood in writing, 150-3;
fears publisher, 18-9, 153, 169

Brontë, Emily,
unimportance of her corrected copy of, and implication, 17, 169,
170;
purporting to be by, 18, 138, 153, 169;
_Wuthering Heights_, no internal evidence of, viii., 169, 170

Brontë, Branwell, and authorship of, 40;
as Hindley, 18, 37-40, 52-3, 69;
carving knife incident, 39

Brontë, Rev. Patrick, as Mr. Linton, 49, 147, 161

Aykroyd, Tabitha, as Mrs. Dean, 43-51, 59, 69, 72, 78, 81, 160, 168;
her old songs, 46-7;
her fairy tales, 44-5;
as Joseph, 38, 40, 47-8

Héger, M., in, 16, 17, 34. Also, see Key Index for foregoing names

Earnshaw, Catherine, and Heathcliffe, as Jane and Rochester, 93-103,
139

Heathcliffe, as Rochester, 89-92, 138-9, 153;
as "that ghoul," 140-6;
and Taylor, 83-9;
return of the runaway, 93, 97-103;
expression of eyes, 90-1;
the foundling, 22;
origin of name, 22, 142

Hareton, origin of name, 22-3, 60, 64, 66;
and M. Héger, viii.-x., 120-1

Joseph, original of, 23;
as Poole of _Jane Eyre_ and Montagu's uncouth servant, 23-8, 30-1

Lockwood as Montagu, 23-32, 57-60, 66;
his boy guide, 60, 66

Newby, Mr. Thomas, publisher of, 19, 146, 153, 169

Malham as Gimmerton, and Gimmerden;
Malhamdale as the valley of Gimmerton, 22-3, 57-68, 71;
Glens, 58, 66, 68;
Peniston Crags, 22-3, 59, 60, 65-6;
Fairy Cave, 22-3, 59-66;
Chapel, 22, 66-8, and Briar Chapel of _Shirley_, 41;
Kirk in the lonely valley, 22, 64, 66-8;
Fair, 22, 66-7;
mists, 68;
stream, 22, 68;
sough, 66-68;
Heights, 22, 66-7;
Catherine, of, 23, 71

Montagu and, 20;
Airton, 22-3;
Airton, Robert, 60, 64, 71;
Mrs., 60;
lonely house of mystery and uncouth servant, 17, 23-32;
cuckoo story or foundling "plot," 22-3, 33-4, 87;
a night's repose and the candle-bearing bedside apparition, 21-32,
30-2

Brunty foundling controversy, 13;
the key chapter, 40;
origin of title, 56-7, 148-152;
Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, the abodes--originals not
known, 159;
Lady Eastlake and Dobell, 138-9, 153-4

Published later than _Jane Eyre_, 118, 138, 169

JANE EYRE.

Brontë, Charlotte,
her life, 37-53, 69-103, 106-119, 123-155, 168, 169-170;
her second work based on Montagu, 23-36, 60-6, 68-72, 140-2;
Rivers family, 23, 69-82;
Burns, Helen, 23-4, 69-71, 80,
and Charles I., 64,
as Agnes Jones (death of), 106-110,
and M. Sue, 108-110.
"Rivers," origin of suggestion, 23, 71-2, 141-2,
Diana and Mary, 70-8, 81-2,
St. John as Mr. Brontë, 70-8, 81-2,
as Charlotte's Brussels priest, 77, 132, 136-7,
not Rev. Mr. Nussey, 77;
Hannah, and Bessie (Tabitha Aykroyd), 40, 43-53, 69-73, 78, 81,
fairy tales and old songs, 44-7;
Reed, name (and Keeldar), 23, 81;
aunt, 38, 70-1;
John (and Hindley), 37-40, 52-3, 71, 79, 113;
Eliza and Georgiana, 69, 79-82;
Severn Julia, 23, 81, 107;
Lowood school, 18, 21-2;
fever, etc., at, 106-110, 117;
Miss Temple of, 81, 110-1;
Brocklehurst, 21, 81, 115;
Morton (Haworth), Moor House, 70-82, 105;
Charlotte as Jane Eyre and Catherine Earnshaw (also see Key Index),
37-42, 93-103, 150-2;
rainy day in her childhood, 37-42;
fit of frenzy, 48-51;
spectral writing, 42;
phantom hag, 42;
cold, wailing child apparition, 28-30, 52-6, 151;
cloven tree, 96-7;
the Sidgwicks, 78;
Gateshead Hall, 37-9, 45;
her Thornfield, 72, 127-8;
as Jane Eyre and Lucia Snowe, 148-152;
as Jane Eyre, and Crimsworth of _The Professor_, ix.-x., 127-8;
as Janet Aire or Jane Eyre of Malham, 22-3, 60-6, 70-2, 142;
"Jane," a secondary adaptation, 71;
Fairy Janet, Queen of the Malhamdale Elves, 23, 60-4;
no views on lunacy, 34-6;
Rochester's song, 140-2;
the miraculous voice, 136-7;
nymph and satyr, 141-2;
missionary life and priest, 136-7;
the runaway, 93, 97-103, 129;
hen-killing figure in _Wuthering Heights_ and, ix.-x;
"Rydings," "Norton Conyers," and "Thornfield," 35, 159;
Wycollar Hall, 159

---- Rochester (see Key Index for M. Héger and the Taylors), x., 14,
145, and _Wildfell Hall_, 161;
_Jane Eyre_ the surpassing of all Brontë biographies, 82;
"Key to _Jane Eyre_" The, xi., 20, 68, 153

Malham or Gimmerton, background of _Jane Eyre_, 22-3, 58-68;
source of river Aire or Ayre, 23, 60-71;
Jane of, 22-3, 60-6, 70-2;
see Fairy Janet Aire or Eyre of Malham

Montagu, and opening of _Jane Eyre_, 21-2;
lonely house of mystery, and uncouth servant (Grace Poole and
Joseph), 17, 23-32
--Jane Eyre's and Lockwood's two dreams in, 28-30
--a night's repose and candle-bearing apparition in, 21, 23-32;
origin of plot of insane lady, and of the white veil
scene (Shelley), 24, 34-6;
insane lady a secondary suggestion; suggests names, Aire or Eyre,
Burns, Rivers, Reed, Keeldar, Broughton, Eshton, Georgiana,
Helen, Ingram, Lowood, Lynn, Mason, Millcote, Poole, recalling
perhaps a Rev. Mr. Pool, and Currer Bell, 21, 23-4

SHIRLEY.

Brontë, Charlotte,
as Shirley Keeldar, 81, 120;
as Caroline Helstone (and Catherine Earnshaw), 41, 146-8, 152;
her home the Rectory, 159;
childhood reading, 41-2;
Keeldar, name, 23;
Shirley as Emily Brontë, 69, 156-7.
Helstone, Mr., 86;
original of, 75, 159-161;
name, 41;
and Rev. H. Roberson, 86, 159-160.
Héger, M., and the Moores, 89, 146-8;
Louis, 163;
Robert, 152.
Cartwright, Mr., 89, 160.
Mr. Macarthey, 160.
Mrs. Pryor, 147-8;
a composite character, 160;
and Mrs. Dean and Tabby, 43;
Miss Wooler, 160.
Yorke (Taylor), Hiram, 83-4;
Matthew, 83;
Rose, 83-4;
Jessie, death of, 84

Birstall, Batley, 159;
"Briarmains," 83;
"Field Head," 159;
The Red House, Gomersall, 83, 159;
Oakwell House, 159.
Hartshead, Brighouse, 160;
Nunnwood, Nunnerly and church, Robin Hood, Kirklees Park,
Priory, 160;
Hollows Mill, 160;
Whinbury (Dewsbury), 160.
Published in 1849

THE PROFESSOR.

Brontë, Charlotte, as Henri Frances Evans, 71, 122;
as Crimsworth, ix., 127-8;
Fairy Janet, 63, 71;
wailing child apparition, 53-5;
Lucia, 86, 151

Héger, M., as Crimsworth, 63, 127, 138;
Hunsden, 83-9, 151;
origin of name, 84;
Pelet, 16, 84, 139, 145

Héger, Madame, as Mdlle. Reuter, 111, 122

Offered to publishers, 17;
published, 160

VILLETTE.

Brontë, Charlotte, as Lucy Snowe, 86, 131, 144, 120, 148-152;
origin of name, 22, 56, 149, 151;
childhood reading, 41;
and Father Confessor, 77, 132, 136-7;
as Paulina, 47, 120,
and Cathy Linton, 161;
Paulina and Mr. Home--Charlotte and Rev. Patrick Brontë, 161;
final words in, 129

Bretton, Dr. John, Paulina's lover, 69, 161;
as Mr. George Smith and Rev. A. B. Nicholls, 69, 86, 145, 160-1.
Mrs. Bretton, 166

Héger, M., as Paul Emanuel, 42, 96-7, 126, 131, 145;
his harshness, 85-6;
and Thackeray, 70

Héger, Madame, as Madame Beck, 118, 133

Ritchie, Lady, and green dress, xi., 165-8

Villette as London and Brussels, 160-1

Published, 19;
inception, 166

_Agnes Grey_ and _Wildfell Hall_, 17, 161.

GENERAL INDEX.

Aire, or Ayre, Malham, source of the, 23, 60-1, 71

Armytage, Bart., Sir Geo. J., 160

Aykroyd, Tabby. See Brontë servants

Branwell, Maria, of Penzance, marries Patrick Brontë, 75;
death of, 14, 159-161

---- Aunt (Elizabeth), and the Hégers, 113-4;
Branwell Brontë her favourite, 37, 78-9;
in mourning for, 72-3

---- Cousin Eliza, 68, 80

Brontë, Annie or Anne (Acton Bell),
as understudy to Charlotte, 17, 169;
_Gondal Chronicles_, 17;
_Agnes Grey_ and _Wildfell Hall_, 17, 161;
appearance and life, 70-4, 77-8, 81-2;
Poems, 156-8;
death of, 161-5

---- Charlotte, birthplace, 14;
birthday, 14, 106;
appearance, 118, 131, 165, 168.
Childhood:
a rainy day, 18, 37-42, 78;
curtain incident, 38;
Branwell as "tyrant" makes her head ache, 18, 37-42;
"volume-hurling," 38-9, 78;
Methodist literature, 40-2;
writings and Mrs. Gaskell, 14;
Tabby, 38, 40-1, 43-51, 168
--her homily, 40
--old songs and fairy tales (Charlotte's love of Scottish
ballads), 47, 149, 150;
the locked chamber, 48-51;
passionateness, 45-6, 48-51, 116.
Elfish imagination, 23;
schools, 14, 16, 18, 21-2, 81, 104, 106-117
--Clergy Daughters' School, 18, 21-2, 81, 106-117,
Roe Head, 14, 16, 83,
Héger _pension_, 16, 18, 72, 104;
drawings, 82;
her life from childhood to womanhood, 93-103;
no psychical reciprocity with friends, 14;
Wordsworth and her facility in writing novels, 17, 169;
at Brussels (the Hégers),
teacher and pupil, viii.-x., 63, 82, 120-2, 131, 138,
dejection at, 120-1, 124;
M. Héger, viii.-xi., 14-17, 93, 96-107, 111-2, 120-154, 162-8,
and her literary secrets, 104, 162;
Madame Héger, 16, 104-7, 111-2, 117-9, 122-7, 133,
forbids corresponding, 16;
Charlotte as Mdlle., 105,
as M. Sue's Mdlle. Lagrange and Miss Mary, ix., 82, 103-132, 163;
_Imitation of Christ_, ix., 121-2;
her priest, 77, 132-8;
departure from Brussels, 16, 127;
flight from temptation, 105, 141-2, 122-9, 151-2;
the fiery ordeal, 154;
parting with the Hégers, 122-132;
origin of her works, vii., 15, 20-36, 138;
Montagu, see Key Index for _Wuthering Heights_ and _Jane Eyre_;
_Alembert_, 64-5;
Currer Bell, 17, 21-2;
perpetuates drama of her life, vii., 15, 16, 154;
Branwell, 18,
and his aunt, 79;
at Haworth Parsonage, 69-82;
school project given up, 16, 169.
Poems publishing, 17:
"Apostasy" and "Regret," 96-7, 133-7;
"Frances," 132, 134, 144, 150-1;
"Gilbert," 139, 143-4;
"The Letter," 105;
"Mementos," 150;
"Apostasy," 133-7;
"Preference," 132;
"Passion," 157.
Her hypochondria, 16, 87-8;
"Puir Mary Lee," 45, 149, 150;
the storm, 16, 17, 130-154, 157-8;
vindictiveness against M. Héger, 16, 17, 143-6, 152;
Ghoul and Satyr notion, 140-6;
Héger and her heroes (see also the Taylors, 83-9), 83-92;
heaven undesired by lover, 97, 133-4, 139;
elective affinities, cloven tree, and "twin-soul," 96-7, 147-8;
supernatural "way" to "twin-soul" lover (and the haunted wind),
55-6, 136-7, 140, 147-8;
eerie signal against lattice, 28-30, 53-6, 147-8;
dual portraiture, 69, 70, 77, 83-9, 120, 159, 160, 161;
ice-cold wailing child apparition, 28-30, 52-6, 151;
her two dreams preface to "bedside apparition," 28-30;
name selection method, 22, 68;
chronological sequences in her works, 161;
character of her correspondence, 14, 15;
Héger portrait of, in National Portrait Gallery, xi., 162-8;
Richmond Portrait in N.P.G., 168;
_Wuthering Heights_ complications (conspires to accredit and sustain
Emily as author), 17, 146, 169;
her fear of Mr. Newby, 19, 153, 169;
limitations of Mrs. Gaskell's _Life_, 15
--disappointment of, 104;
last survivor of the young Brontës, 19, 161;
Introduction to her sisters' poems, 156-7;
Miss Austen, 15;
Rev. A. B. Nicholls, marriage with, 19, 96-7, 161
--Catherine Winkworth on, 96;
_Wildfell Hall_, 17, 161;
at Thackeray's and the Smiths', xi., 166-8;
dedicates _Jane Eyre_ to Thackeray, xi.;
Greenwood Dyson and, 164.
Last days:
father and daughter, 161;
her resting-place, 19;
her Message and high rank of her genius, 16, 155.
Also see the Key Index to her works

---- Elizabeth, 18, 71-2, 106-7

---- Emily (Ellis Bell), as understudy to Charlotte, 17, 169;
conspires with her to sustain rôle of author of _Wuthering Heights_,
17, 138, 146, 169;
no internal evidence of her in _Wuthering Heights_, viii.;
her life contrasted with Charlotte's, 17, 18, 156-7;
relations with Branwell, 18, 39, 40, 139;
appearance and life, 17, 72-4, 78, 81-2, 156-7;
Poems, "Old Stoic," "Last Lines," 157;
her literary limitations, 17, 156-7;
death of, 161-5.
See Key Index of _Shirley_

---- Maria (Helen Burns), 18, 41, 71.
See Key Index; also M. Sue

---- Patrick Branwell, appearance, 79;
artist, 18, 165-6;
his verse, 158;
enjoys the hearth, 37-8;
a sign of trouble for, 52-3;
evil days, 39, 78-9, 158;
and Aunt Branwell, 78-9;
and M. Sue, 106, 110.
As Hindley and John Reed, x., 18, 37-8, 52-3, 69, 78-9, 139.
See also Key Index for _Wuthering Heights_, _Jane Eyre_, and
_The Professor_

---- Rev. Patrick, parents, Hugh Brunty and Alice M'Clory, 13;
at Ballynaskeagh and Drumballyroney, 13;
at Cambridge, 13, 74-5;
Wethersfield, 75, and Mary Burder;
Dewsbury, 75;
Vicar of Hartshead, 160;
marries Maria Branwell, 18, 75, 159-161;
Vicar of Thornton, 14;
of Haworth, 13;
appearance and life, 13, 70-7, 82, 147, 159-161, 167-8;
verse, 13, 158;
and Mrs. Gaskell's Life, 15.
Also see Key Index

---- Poems, 156-8;
Aylott and Jones, 17, 105, 160

---- servants:
Aykroyd Tabitha, x.;
as Nelly Dean and Bessie, 43-53, 168;
does not understand Charlotte Brontë, 43, 45-6;
and old songs, 45-7;
also, 72, 77-8, 147-8, 160, 168;
her homily, 40;
her gift of narrative and fairy tales, 44-5;
death of, 19, 96-7.
Also see Key Index for _Wuthering Heights_, _Jane Eyre_, and
_Shirley_.
Brown, Martha, 47, 96, 161;
Brown, Tabitha (Mrs. Ratcliffe), and Charlotte Brontë's married
life, 96;
Garrs, Nancy, and sister, 47, 159

Brookfield, Mrs., 167-8

Carlisle, William, 167

Carus-Wilson, Rev. Mr., 115

Casterton Hall, 23;
Clergy Daughters' School, 18, 81, 106, 108-111, 114-117

Cornwall, Barry, 34

Courtney, William Leonard, xi., 104

Cust, Lionel, 162

Devonshire, Duke of, 20

Dewsbury, 14, 83, 160;
Hartshead, 81, 160

Dobell, Sydney, 153-4, 169

Dyson, Greenwood, and Charlotte Brontë, 164

Elf, of Craven, The, 60, 141-2

Evans, Miss (Miss Temple), 110, 114

Fairy Cave, The, and Fairy Janet: see Malham

Gaskell, Mrs., and M. Héger, 15, 96, 104;
Madame Héger, 163;
West Indian girl mystery, 108

---- Misses, 165

Hathersage, 70-1, 77

Haworth, 68, 70, 138, 164;
Church, 13, 19, 164;
Parsonage, 69, 72-82, 159, 161, 164

Héger, M., as Charlotte Brontë's pupil, viii.-x., 120, 122;
original of her chief heroes, 14, 16-17, 83-6, 89-93, 96-7, etc.;
not secretive, 111, 162;
and Roman Catholic Church, 16, 132, 138;
a great and religious personality, 121, 124, 126-9, 132-3, 137-8,
154, 166;
Charlotte Brontë's harsh portrayals of, 143-6;
facial metamorphoses, 85;
the bitterness of his life, 128-9, 130-2;
"Paul," 162-6;
as M. de Morville, 82, 104-6, 120-9, 132, 163.
See Key Index for M. Héger

---- Madame, 16;
her jealousy, 104, 112, 117-8, 122-3, 121-2;
appearance of, 106;
as Madame de Morville, 106-133.
See Key Index for Madame Héger

Hawke, E. G., 163

Hodge, Harold, xi., 153

Holloway, Laura C., 77

Holmes, Professor Charles J., 165

Holroyd, Kt., Sir Charles, vii.

Kendal, 106;
Kendall Institution, 114-7

Kirkby Malham Church, 64, 66-8

Lagrange's Manuscript "Catherine Bell," 104-119

Lambert family, 64

Lucan's "Pharsalia," 14

Lytton, Lord, 163

M'Clory, Alice, 13

Malham, original of Gimmerton of _Wuthering Heights_:
home of Catherine Earnshaw, and of Janet Aire of _Jane Eyre_, 22-3,
57-68, 71;
source of the Aire or Ayre, 71.
See Key Index of _Wuthering Heights_ and _Jane Eyre_ for Malham in
Montagu

Malham, or Malam, origin of family, 67

Malham and _Kalderworth_, 67

Malhamdale, enchanted land, 60, 71

Montagu or Mountagu, Admiral, and Charles II., 20, 64;
De Ruyter, 20

Montagu, Basil, 20-1

Montagu, Frederic, his _Gleanings in Craven_ provides the Malham
background, and the plots of _Wuthering Heights_ and _Jane
Eyre_, and Charlotte Brontë's _nom de guerre_, Currer Bell,
20-36, 57-68, 141-2, 145. See Montagu in the Key Index for
those works

Montagu, John, fourth Earl of Sandwich, 20

Morville de, M., Alphonsine, and Gérard, see M. Héger;
Madame, see Madame Héger

National Portrait Gallery,
and Héger Portrait of Charlotte Brontë, xi., 162-8;
Thomas Baylis, 163;
and Richmond portrait, 168

Newby, Thomas, 19, 153, 169

Nicholls, Rev. A. B., see Charlotte Brontë;
also Key Index for _Villette_

Nussey, Ellen or Nelly, 14, 45, 71, 77, 160, 168;
Rev. Henry, 77

Procter, Mrs., and Miss Perry, 167

Rigby, Miss (Lady Eastlake), 138-9, 153, 169

Ripon, K.G., Marquis of, xii.

Ritchie, Lady, xi., 165-8

Shorter, Clement K., viii., 22, 77, 83, 147, 162, 164

Smith, George, xi., 86, 160-1, 166-8;
Mrs. Smith, 166-7.
See Key Index for _Villette_;
Reginald John, K.C., 162;
Smith Elder & Co., 161-2, 168

Sue, Eugène, ix., 16, 103-129.
See Key Index to the Brontë works.

Taylor family of Hunsworth, 83-9 (see Key Index);
Mary and Martha, 83-4

Thackeray, W. M., xi., 34, 167-8.
See Key Index, _Villette_

Welch, Catherine Galbraith, xi.

West Indian Girl, mystery of, 106-8, 112

Winkworth, Catherine, 96

Wise, Thomas J., 64

Wooler, Margaret, 18, 160

Yates, W. W., 75

WORKS.

_Key to the Brontë Works_, John Malham-Dembleby:--
Its place and importance, vii.-xii., 15, 17-19, 25, 58, 64, 80-2,
104, 108, 146, 154.
Importance of its Key Index, 169-171

_Life of Charlotte Brontë_, Mrs. Gaskell, 15, 22, 43-4, 52, 72, 83,
118, 123, 149, 161, 168;
cause of its sombreness, 82;
disappointment, and limitations, of, 15, 104;
and Branwell Brontë, 121.
Haworth Edition, 14, 17, 85, 121

_Life of Charlotte Brontë_, Augustine Birrell, 75

_Brontës: Life and Letters_, Clement K. Shorter, 14, 73, 80, 87

_Charlotte Brontë and Her Circle_, Clement K. Shorter, 17, 135

_Charlotte Brontë and Her Sisters_, Clement K. Shorter, viii., 22, 77,
147, 159, 164

_Brontë Country_, Dr. Erskine Stuart, 35

_Life of Emily Brontë_, Miss Mary Robinson, 39;
character of work, 57

_Brontë Family_, Francis Leyland, 39-40, 158

_Brontës, Fact and Fiction_, Rev. Angus Mackay, 13, 41, 132, 144

_Brontë Homeland_, J. Ramsden, 13

_Brontës in Ireland_, Dr. William Wright, 13

_Charlotte Brontë: Monograph_, Sir T. Wemyss Reid, 14

_Father of the Brontës_, W. W. Yates, 75

_Rev. Patrick Brontë's Collected Works_, Horsfall Turner, 13, 158

_Thornton and the Brontës_, William Scruton, 161

_Chapters from Some Memories_, Lady Ritchie, 167

_Craven Highlands_, Harry Speight, 60

_Dictionary of National Biography_, Leslie Stephen, 21, 159

_English Dialect Dictionary_, Dr. Joseph Wright, 68, 149

_Gleanings in Craven_, Frederic Montagu, 20-36, 57-68; 141-2, 145;
Leeds and Skipton, 20;
dedicated to Duke of Devonshire, printed by A. Pickard, published by
Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 20. Also see under _Wuthering Heights_
and _Jane Eyre_, for Malham and Montagu, and Key Index to those
works

_Kalderworth, or Lawyer Vavasor's Secret_, John Malham-Dembleby,
Malham background of, 67;
when written, and origin of title, 67;
published by Joseph Cooke, Sir Edward Russell, Kt., and A. G.
Jeans, 67

_Memorials of Two Sisters: Susanna and Catherine Winkworth_, 96

_Miss Mary ou L'Institutrice_, Eugène Sue, 82, 84, 105-6, 120, 126-7,
130, 163. See Key Index for M. Sue

_Mrs. Brookfield and Her Circle_, 167

_Sydney Dobell's Life and Letters_, 153-4

_Woman's Work in English Fiction_, Clara H. Whitmore, A.M., viii.

MAGAZINES, ETC.

_Academy_, 169

_Cornhill Magazine_, 162

_Dundee Advertiser_, xi.

_Fortnightly Review_, xi., 39, 70, 104, 125, 162-3

_Liverpool Post_, 67

_London and Paris Courier_, G. W. MacArthur Reynolds and M. Sue, 105

_London Journal_; _Weekly Times_, 105

_New York Times Saturday Review_, xi.

_Outlook_, xi.

_Palladium_, 153-4, 169

_Quarterly Review_, 138-9, 153, 169

_Saturday Review_, xi., xii., 20, 68, 153

_Sheffield Independent_, 67

_Spectator_, xi., 125

_Times_, 162, 164

_Tribune_, 162-5

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Clement Shorter in _Charlotte Brontë and her Sisters_, p. 236; 1905.

[2] Clara H. Whitmore, A.M., in _Woman's Work in English Fiction_; 1910.

[3] _The Saturday Review_, September 6, 1902. A correspondence followed.

[4] _The Fortnightly Review_, March 1907.

[5] _The Brontës in Ireland_, by Dr. William Wright, 1893, and _The Brontë Homeland_, by J. Ramsden, 1897, though they conflict, deal interestingly with Patrick Brunty's, or Brontë's, relations. "Patrick ... after being a linen weaver secured the post of teacher in the Glascar School, Ballynaskeagh, then that of teacher at Drumballyroney." Eventually he got a scholarship and entered St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated and took Holy Orders. His father was a Hugh Brunty, who married a Roman Catholic, Alice McClory, or M'Clory. She is said to have become a Protestant, as was her husband. Of this marriage there were ten children, the eldest being Charlotte Brontë's father, who early took to "larnin'," to quote the Irish hearsay. _The Brontës in Ireland_ has been challenged as presenting many statements impossible of verification. The assertion that an Irish Brunty foundling story suggested the foundling of _Wuthering Heights_ raised a harsh and voluminous controversy. The Rev. Angus Mackay, in his little brochure _The Brontës--Fact and Fiction_, 1897, controverted Dr. Wright, as did others elsewhere. The matter is summed up succinctly by Mr. Horsfall Turner, the Yorkshire genealogist, in _The Rev. Patrick Brontë's Collected Works_, 1898, where, speaking of the Irish Brontës and the foundling story, he says:--"The only one who could transmit this story was Hugh Brunty, and not one of his descendants ever heard of it before Dr. Wright's book was issued, not even the vaguest tradition."

[6] The "wild, weird writings" of her childhood, which awed homely Mrs. Gaskell, were merely badly, or I may say, childishly, assimilated fragments from English adaptations found in Dryden, Rowe, etc., of Lucan (Pharsalia, lib. 1, 73), and of other ancient writers.

[7] Her correspondence is given in Sir Wemyss Reid's _Monograph on Charlotte Brontë_, in Mrs. Gaskell's _Life of Charlotte Brontë_, Haworth Edition, and in Mr. Clement Shorter's _The Brontës: Life and Letters_, 1908.

[8] _Charlotte Brontë and Her Circle_, by Clement Shorter.

[9] Charlotte Brontë, upon the other hand, was a most fluent writer of prose. She sent Wordsworth a story in 1840, and spoke of her facility in writing novels. (Mrs. Gaskell's _Life of Charlotte Brontë_, pages 189-190, Haworth Edition.) It is said Emily corrected misprints, etc., in her printed volume of _Wuthering Heights_; but whether or not she did this at Charlotte Brontë's instigation is of little interest and no importance in view of the literal evidence in _The Key to the Brontë Works_. It may be Emily turned Charlotte's amanuensis; and it would not be difficult to show Anne Brontë also had been Charlotte's understudy. See my remarks on _Wildfell Hall_ in Appendix.

[10] See my remarks, page 39.

[11] When King Charles II. was crowned, Montagu carried the sceptre. A historian states that the Admiral--who, I may say, had been a great friend of Richard Cromwell--perished in the sea-fight with De Ruyter, because he would not leave his ship by a piece of obstinate courage, provoked by a reflection that he took care more of himself than of the king's honour.

[12] For Basil Montagu see _Dictionary of National Biography_.

[13] On the other side of the same page Montagu concluded the narration of his "A Night's Repose," with which I deal later.

[14] Clement Shorter's _Charlotte Brontë and Her Sisters_, p. 164.

[15] See my observations on the name of Lucy Snowe.

[16] The name of "Helen Burns," that saintly sister of Charlotte Brontë, may have been suggested by the St. Helen's Well which Montagu states was near Miss Currer's home, Eshton Hall.

[17] _The Brontë Country_, by Dr. Erskine Stuart.

[18] A recognizable idiosyncrasy of Charlotte Brontë's genius is the vivid minuteness with which she paints and records apparently unimportant details and happenings connected with her early childhood. (See footnote on page 41.)

[19] See footnote page 47.

[20] _Emily Brontë_, Miss Mary Robinson; 1883.

[21] Angus Mackay, in _The Brontës: Fact and Fiction_ (1897), identifies Miss Brontë with Caroline Helstone. Charlotte Brontë's mother was a native of Penzance, near Helston.

[22] Catherine's diary was written on the margin of a printed sermon by the Rev. Jabes Branderham. Lockwood's "dream" in the connection was evidently a travesty on a sermon of the famous Rev. Jabes Bunting, a Wesleyan Methodist, and the zealousness of his hearers, concerning which preacher stories were possibly gathered by Charlotte Brontë from old Tabitha, who doubtless did occasional service as the old dialect-speaking Joseph. The Rev. Jabes Bunting was on the Halifax Circuit in the eighteen-twenties, and his sermons were printed in pamphlet form. Note the extract I have given from _Villette_ on Lucy Snowe's having read as a child certain Wesleyan Methodist tracts.

[23] "Lee" may have been suggested by the name of the heroine of "Puir Mary Lee," a Scottish ballad, which I find influenced Charlotte Brontë greatly when she began to write _Wuthering Heights_.

[24] Called Nelly or Ellen Dean, perhaps because of Charlotte Brontë's affection for her friend Nelly or Ellen Nussey.

[25] Of course Tabitha Aykroyd was twenty years younger when Charlotte was a child. Thus the early references to the more active Ellen Dean and Bessie in the main imply Tabby in the eighteen-twenties; those to her as the sedate and glum Mrs. Dean and Hannah, as Tabby in the eighteen-forties. We see Tabby quite in the caricature of Joseph in Charlotte's half-humorous references to her in the diary-like descriptions of the Brontë kitchen fireside life of her childhood in 1829, etc.--of which the rainy day incident in the childhood of little Catherine and Jane is so reminiscent--quoted by Mrs. Gaskell in the Brontë _Life_:--

"June the 21st, 1829.

"One night, about the time when the cold sleet of November [is]
succeeded by the snowstorms and the high, piercing night winds
of winter, we were all sitting round the warm, blazing kitchen
fire, having just concluded a quarrel with Tabby concerning
the propriety of lighting a candle, from which she came off
victorious, no candle having been produced. A long pause
succeeded, which was at last broken by Branwell saying, in a lazy
manner, 'I don't know what to do.' This was echoed by Emily and
Anne.

"Tabby: 'Wha ya may go t' bed.'

"Charlotte: 'Why are you so glum to-night, Tabby?'"

As time progressed Charlotte Brontë viewed more sentimentally the associations of her early childhood. Whenever Tabby was "Joseph" of _Wuthering Heights_ Charlotte humorously caricatured her.

[26] See footnote on page 37.

[27] A remarkably recognizable idiosyncrasy of this child-phantom of Charlotte Brontë's brain is the part the little hands of the child play. In Charlotte Brontë's child-phantom of _Wuthering Heights_, Chapter III., the hand of the child takes a principal part, as in her above two versions.

[28] See note on "the hand" of Charlotte Brontë's child-phantom, page 53.

[29] See the chapters on "The Recoil" for the origin of the title of _Wuthering Heights_, and of the name Lucy Snowe; also my remarks on Charlotte Brontë's poem "Apostasy."

[30] "The breeze was sweet with scent of heath and rush, ... the hills shut us quite in; for the glen towards its head wound to their very core."--_Jane Eyre_, Chapter XXXIV.

[31] I have known for many years the wife and children of this Robert Airton. His father was, I believe, parish clerk for Coniston. Mrs. Airton once told me that when she first met her husband he was playing a violin in the entrance of a cave, under a crag in Malhamdale.

[32] It will be observed that in Chapter XXIII. of _The Professor_ Charlotte Brontë practically calls Frances the heroine, "Jane." Of course she is the elf Janet (see Chapter XXV. of _The Professor_), and this sprite was also Jane Eyre--Charlotte Brontë herself. Read the verses in Chapter XXIII. in the light of my writing on "Eugène Sue and Charlotte Brontë's Brussels Life" and "The Recoil."

[33] Mr. Thomas J. Wise has published and edited a valuable edition of this story, 1896.

[34] "I like Charles the First," says Helen Burns in _Jane Eyre_,