Chapter XVI: Introduction: To the Second Part (8)

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INDEX

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INDEX

Aaron, high priest in Israel, 280, 284, 358.

Abbot, 294, 325.

Abel, 330, 363.

Abiathar, Hebrew priest, 46, 47, 333, 344, 347, 351–353, 363–365.

Abiram, Hebrew rebel, 279, 283.

Abishag, David’s wife, 344, 348–351.

Abishai, David’s companion, 335.

Abner, Hebrew captain, 346, 351.

Absalom, David’s son, 325, 338, 346, 347.

_Acrifolium_ (_aquifolium_), 107.

Adam, 252–257, 261, 266–273.

Adam von Bremen, 19 note.

“Address to the Norwegian People,” King Sverre’s, 39–46, 49, 58, 59.

Adonijah, David’s son, 46, 64, 341, 344, 345, 347–351.

Agag, king of Amalek, 326.

Ahasuerus, Persian king, 237–240, 244.

Ahimelech, Hebrew priest, 331–333, 362, 365.

Albertus Magnus, medieval schoolman, 2.

Ale-springs, 134.

Alexander Neckam, medieval scientist, 12, 18.

Alfonso the Wise, Spanish king, 31.

Amalek, Amalekites, 52, 279, 283, 319, 325, 326, 362.

Amasa, Hebrew captain, 346, 351.

Amorites, 319, 326.

Andenes, headland in Lofoten, 98.

Angels, 261–263, 309, 338, 360.

Ant, Habits of the, 92.

Apples, St. Kevin’s, 113;
of knowledge, 252, 253, 255, 264–266.

Apulia, Southern Italy, 96, 97.

Arctic, Marvels of the, 21, 105, 119–126, 135–141.

Armor, 217–220.

Arnamagnean collection, 65, 68.

Artaxerxes, Persian king, 237.

Arthurian legends, 2, 3.

Asp, serpent in Paradise, 264.

Athens, 309, 310, 312.

Augustine, Saint, 40.

_Aura_, 172.

Bacon, Roger, medieval scientist, 2.

Balances of justice, The, 306, 307.

Baleen whale, 120.

Basking sharks, 122 note.

Bathsheba, Uriah’s wife, 323–325, 344, 348–351;
_see_ Uriah.

Beaked whale, 120, 123.

Beams used in warfare, 216, 224, 225.

Beard, how trimmed and worn at court, 182.

Bearded seal, 140.

Bears in Greenland, 143.

Beasts, Instincts of, 91, 92, 111, 112.

Bede, medieval writer, 5, 16 note, 18, 20, 147 note, 257 note.

Beluga, a sort of whale, 120 note.

Benaiah, Hebrew captain, 344, 345, 351, 352.

Bengjerd (Berengaria), Danish queen, 31.

Bergen, 26, 46.

Bernard, Saint, 257 note.

Bethany, Hebrew town, 289.

Bethlehem, Hebrew town, 329.

Birchshanks, anti-clerical faction in Norway, 37, 52, 61, 63, 64.

Birds, Joy of, at coming of spring, 90, 91.

Birger, Swedish earl, 4, 30.

Birka, old Swedish town, 82 note.

Bishops, Political claims of, 36–38, 55;
hostile to the monarchy, 40, 47, 54;
subordinate to the king, 174, 175, 352, 353, 364–366;
authority of, 358, 359, 363–366;
mention of, 117, 178, 241, 280, 281, 291, 294, 325, 326, 331, 344,
345.

Bjarkey code, a municipal law, 81.

Bjarkudal bog, Norwegian marvel, 104.

Blandina (Slieve Bloom mountains in Iceland), 107.

Blom, Otto, Captain in Danish artillery, 32, 62, 63.

Blood fine, 61.

Blubber-cutters, 119.

“Bluemen” (negroes), 30.

Börnhoved, Battle of, 3.

Brattices, 222.

Breastplate, 219.

Breeches for mounted warriors, 219.

Breeding, Good, 227–229.

Brendan, Irish saint, 125 note.

Brenner, Otto, editor of _Speculum Regale_, 69.

“Briar,” weapon for defense, 223.

British Isles, 29.

Broadax, 215.

Caaing whale, 119.

Caesar, Christ’s submission to, 43, 248, 249.

Cain, 330, 363.

Caltrop, device used in warfare, 215.

Cap, hat, or coif, When not to wear a, 182, 184, 227.

Capella, Martianus, encyclopedist, 5, 147 note.

Cassiodorus, encyclopedist, 5.

Castles, Weapons for attacking or defending, 220–226.

Cat, siege engine, 221, 222.

_Chansons de geste_, 2.

Cherubim, 270.

Chess, 83, 228.

Christiania, 68.

Christiania edition of the _King’s Mirror_, 62, 68, 69, 71.

Christina, Norwegian princess, 31.

Christopher, Danish king, 30.

Church, The, relation of, to the monarchy, 35–38, 55, 357–366;
ambitions of, 36, 37;
opposed by King Sverre, 40.

Claussön, Peder, Norwegian writer, 65.

Climate of Iceland and Greenland, 15, 96, 143, 148, 149, 153;
of Ireland, 23, 24, 105, 106;
affected by changes in the sun’s course, 96–99.

Cloena (Clonmacnois), Irish borough, 116, 117.

Clothes, 181, 182, 219, 227, 254, 271.

Coal, Use of, in warfare, 215.

Cologne, 28.

Conduct, Rules of, 80–83, 85, 182–189, 205–211, 227, 228.

Constantine, 240–244.

Conversation, Rules governing, 186–191, 209, 210, 227.

Copenhagen, 66, 67, 68.

“Corse seal,” 139.

Cosmas, Egyptian monk and writer, 18 note.

Court, The royal, customs of, 73, 173, 176–179, 183, 208–211;
promotion at, 169;
fashions at, 181–186;
speech and conversation at, 186, 187;
habits suitable to life at, 208–210.

Courtesy, Rules of, 11, 227, 228;
_see_ Court.

Crafts and professions, 73, 78.

Craton, Roman philosopher, 242–245.

Crossbow, 215, 220.

Croziermen, clerical faction in Norway, 37, 38, 54, 56.

Crusades, Importance of, for the spread of culture, 27, 32, 33.

Culture in the medieval North, 26–31.

Curtain, a type of fortification, 222.

Cyrus, 237.

Daae, Ludvig, Norwegian historian, 44, 57, 62.

Dagmar (Dragomir), Danish queen, 31.

Dante, 49.

Dart, 215.

Dathan, Hebrew rebel, 279, 283.

David, king of Israel, 42, 46, 52, 249, 275, 276, 278, 281, 284, 290,
291, 317, 320–342, 344–352, 361, 365.

Dearth and failure of crops and morals, 33, 193–204.

Death penalty, 318–321.

_Defensor Pacis_, 49.

_De Monarchia_, 49.

Denmark, 3, 30, 38, 67.

_Dialogs_ of Gregory the Great, 127, 130.

Dice, Warning against, 83, 228.

Diermicius, Irish saint, 111.

Dirk, 219.

_Disciplina Clericalis_, 9, 10, 26.

Disobedience, Sin of, 52, 53, 325, 326.

Divine right of kings, 41–45, 49, 59, 246–250, 357, 358, 360, 364–366.

Dooms, _see_ Judgments and Penalties.

Dorph, Chr., translator of the _King’s Mirror_, 70 note.

Dragons, 103.

Drunkenness, Warning against, 83, 207, 210.

Earth, Shape and constitution of the, 12–15, 97, 128, 148, 300.

Earthquakes, 17, 18, 20, 21, 126, 129.

Egypt, 235, 236, 240, 243, 279, 286.

Einersen, Halfdan, editor of the _King’s Mirror_, 66, 67.

Elgesæter, Monastery of, 48, 52, 64.

Elks, 29.

Ell, 119 note.

_Elucidarium_, 10, 75 note, 131 note.

Embassies, 29–31, 172, 177, 178.

Emmanuel, _see_ Manuel.

Encyclopedists, 5, 6.

England, 2, 29, 58.

Erichsen, Jon, Icelandic scholar, 61, 67, 70.

Erik, Swedish duke, 65 note.

“Erken-seal,” 139.

Erling Skakke, Norwegian magnate, 36.

Esquimaux, 79 note.

Esther, queen of Persia, 238, 239, 244.

Ethical ideas of the _King’s Mirror_, 11, 77, 78, 80–83, 85, 205–207,
213, 214, 228–234.

Etna, Mount, 17.

Eve, the first woman, 252–255, 264–271.

Excommunication, 38, 40, 365, 366.

Eystein, Norwegian archbishop, 36, 38, 46.

Falcons, 31, 144.

Faroes, 4, 37.

Finns, 79 note, 173 note.

Finsen, Hans, Icelandic bishop, 61, 66, 67.

Fire, Source of, 129.

“Fish driver,” a sort of whale, 120, 121.

Fishes, Instincts of, 90.

Flemish towns, 2.

“Flett seal,” 139.

Flom, G. T., editor of the _King’s Mirror_, 25 note, 69, 70.

France (and French), 26, 28, 39, 54, 81.

Frederick II, emperor, 30, 44.

Galilee, 354.

Gambison, defensive covering, 212, 217–219.

Gardar, diocese in Greenland, 145 note.

Garth, King’s, 167.

Geelmuyden, Hans, Norwegian astronomer, 59.

“Gelts,” 116.

Geography of the _King’s Mirror_, 11–17, 20.

Germany, 27, 28, 33, 182.

Gests, a higher class in the king’s guard, 170, 171.

Geysers, 21, 128, 130, 131.

Giraldus Cambrensis, medieval writer, 22–24, 104 note, 106–110 notes.

Gjerset, Knut, historian, 168 note.

Glaciers, 21, 130, 131, 151.

Glass, molten, for defensive warfare, 224.

Glosses, 272–278.

Glumelaga (Glendalough), Irish abbey, 112.

Goliath, 329.

Göta River, 30.

Grampus, 119, 120.

Greenland, Geography and climate of, 4, 15, 16, 138, 139, 141–150, 152,
153, 155;
northern lights in, 18, 146, 149–152;
whales in the waters of, 18, 139, 140, 145;
marvels of, 21, 101, 105, 135–141;
products and resources of, 142–145, 149.

Greenland sharks, 122.

Greenland whale, 123, 124.

Gregory the Great, 17, 40, 127, 130.

Gregory VII, 36.

Grosseteste, English bishop, 257 note.

Guardsmen, King’s, 6, 26, 176;
_see_ Kingsmen, Hirdmen, and Housecarles.

Hair, how trimmed and worn at court, 182.

Hakon IV, Norwegian king, 4, 6, 22, 29–35, 48, 57, 58, 60, 64, 65.

Hakon V, Norwegian king, 65 note.

_Hakon’s Saga_, 30.

Halberd, 215.

Halogaland, district in northern Norway, 59, 98, 99.

Haman, magnate at the Persian court, 238–240, 245.

Hamburg, 36.

Hand sling, 213, 221.

Hansa, the German, 2, 27.

Hares in Greenland, 143.

Harold Gilchrist (Gille), 34, 37.

Hauberk, 219.

Hawks, 29, 297, 298;
_see_ Falcons.

Headward, 171.

Heavenly bodies, Course of the, 11, 83, 86;
_see_ Sun and Moon.

Hebrides, 4.

Hebron, 321.

“Hedgehog,” defensive weapon, 222, 223.

Heffermehl, A. V., Norwegian writer, 39 note, 57, 62.

Helena, mother of Constantine, 241, 244.

Hell, place of cold and heat, 131.

Helmet, 219.

Henry III, English king, 29, 58.

Herod, Jewish king, 354–356, 362.

Hertzberg, Ebbe, Norwegian historian, 36 note.

Hezekiah, king of Juda, 288, 289.

Hirdmen, Honored position of, 171, 174–176;
duties of, 177;
habits and diversions of, 207–213.

_Historia Scholastica_, 6, 10.

Hiterdale, place in Iceland, 134.

“Hog whale,” 120, 123.

Holar, town in Iceland, 66.

Holly, holm, 107.

Holstein, 27.

Holy Spirit, Office and gifts of the, 275, 292, 294.

Honorius of Autun, medieval theologian, 10, 75 note, 131 note, 147
note.

Horn bow, 220.

Horse, Equipment of the, in war, 217, 218.

“Horse whale,” 122, 123.

Housecarle fine, 169, 171.

Housecarles, King’s, 167, 170–175.

Household, The king’s, organization and customs of, 11, 26, 29, 165,
166, 178;
how to gain admission to, 179–184.

Houses, God’s two, on earth, 358–360, 363, 364.

Hudson, Henry, 136 note.

Hugh of St. Victor, medieval theologian, 257 note.

Humpback, a sort of whale, 123.

Hundred, The two reckonings of, 94.

Hungary, 33.

Husbandmen, 6, 73, 92, 291.

Icebergs, ice floes, 101, 126, 138, 139.

Iceland, Norwegian colony, 4;
climate of, 15, 96, 126;
marvels of, 21, 101, 126–134;
volcanic fires in, 17, 126–131;
geysers in, 128;
mineral springs in, 134.

Idols, Worship of, 189.

Illinois, University of, 69.

India, 11, 101, 102, 244.

Inge, Norwegian king, 46, 58.

Ingeborg, Swedish duchess, 65 note.

Inhisgluer (Inishglory), island in Ireland, 108.

Inisclodran, island in Ireland, 111.

Innocent III, 38, 45.

Interdict, 38.

“Invisible Society,” The, 66.

Ireland, Norwegian colony in, 4, 22;
marvels of, 11, 23, 101, 106–118;
climate and inhabitants of, 105, 106.

_Irish Nennius_, 24.

Iron ore found in Iceland, 134.

Isaiah, Hebrew prophet, 288, 289.

Ishbosheth, king of Israel, 320, 321.

Isidore of Seville, encyclopedist, 5, 13, 15 note, 18, 147.

Island, Floating, 107, 108;
where bodies cannot decay, 108, 109;
where none can die, 109;
occupied by demons, 109, 110;
where no female is allowed, 111, 112.

Israel, Land and people of, 46, 238, 239, 279, 280, 286, 317.

Italian cities, 2.

Ivar Bodde, Norwegian priest, 57–59, 62.

Javelins, 215.

Jericho, 279, 283.

Jerome, Saint, 40.

Jerusalem, 96, 97, 166, 338.

Jesse, father of King David, 329.

Jesus Christ recognized kingship, 42, 43, 247–249;
showed mercy to the woman taken in adultery, 281, 282;
forgave Peter and the thief on the cross, 282;
raised Lazarus, 289.

Jesus, son of Sirach, Hebrew writer, 303.

Joab, Hebrew captain, 47, 48, 64, 341, 344, 346, 350–353, 357–359, 363.

Job, 132, 133.

John, Norwegian archbishop, 46.

John the Baptist, 354.

John, English king, 29, 58.

John of Paris, medieval writer, 49.

Joint kingship, Theory and evils of, 33–35, 60, 63, 198–201, 203 note.

Jonah, Hebrew prophet, 287.

Jonathan, Saul’s son, 330.

Joseph, 235, 236, 240, 243, 244.

Joshua, Hebrew chieftain, 279.

Judas, 279, 284, 285.

Judgments of God to serve as examples, 251–258, 277–289;
of a king at times to be lenient and at times severe, 251, 259, 278,
279, 313–321;
diverse character of, 283–285;
reasons for modifying, 285–289;
of a king to be carefully thought out, 304–313;
king’s responsibility for, 363–366;
of the bishops, 364–366.

Justice, divine virgin, 252, 254, 256–259, 278, 279, 281, 283, 285,
287, 324, 328.

Justin, priest, 309–312.

Kertinagh, island in Ireland, 109, 110.

Kevinus, Irish saint, 112, 113.

Keyser, Rudolf, Norwegian historian, 6 note, 68.

King, The, authority and power of, 35, 40–45, 52, 75, 174, 175, 246,
247, 298, 299;
relation of, to the church, 35, 36, 46–48, 363–366;
holds his title from God, 40–43, 49, 246–251, 290;
judicial duties of, 114, 115, 251, 290, 304–308, 314, 358–360;
customs to be observed in presence of, 179–192, 227, 228;
cap and mantle not to be worn in presence of, 182, 184–186;
rules of speech in presence of, 183, 186–191;
if unwise or young may bring ruin upon the land, 197–203;
diversions of, 208, 209, 297, 298;
business of, during the day, 246, 250, 298;
to give thought to the realm at night, 250;
needs to be well informed, 251;
prayer of, 290–296;
should attend the services of the church, 290, 297;
should meditate on the source of wisdom, 299.

King’s Crag, Norwegian borough, 30.

Kingship, Joint, _see_ Joint kingship.

Kingship, Norwegian theory of, 33–35, 39–44.

Kingsmen, 78, 79, 85, 164;
advantages of being, 167–172, 175;
classes of, 170–173, 176;
how to become, 179–184.
duties of, 207–213.

_King’s Mirror_, The, plan and purpose of, 6–8, 72–76;
author of, 8, 9, 54–60, 77, 79;
relation of, to other works, 8–10, 19, 20, 22–26;
scientific notions of, 11–21, 83, 87, 91–99, 126–132, 145, 146;
date of composition of, 32, 35, 55, 60–64;
political theories of, 39–48;
ethical and theological ideas of, 49–52;
modern characteristics of, 53, 54;
place of composition of, 59, 60;
manuscripts of, 65, 66, 68–70;
editions and translations of, 66–71;
mention of, 39, 44, 46–49, 52–54, 61, 68, 71, 74;
_see Speculum Regale_.

Kiranus, Irish saint, 117.

Klefsan, Irish clown, 118.

Knee pieces, 219.

Knights, 178, 322.

Knowledge, Tree of, 252, 253, 255, 264, 265.

_Kongespegelen_, 70.

Kraken, The, 22, 125.

Ladders, Scaling, 221, 225.

Lakes, Miracle working, 106–110.

Landedmen, holders of fiefs in Norway, 172, 175.

Langton, Stephen, English archbishop, 257 note.

Languages, Study of, encouraged, 81.

Latin language, Importance of the, 39, 54, 81.

Law, Study of, 81.

Lawrence, Saint, 309–313.

Lazarus, 289.

Lead, Molten, useful in defensive warfare, 224.

Leap year, 94.

Levites, 51.

Liberal arts, The seven, 303.

Licentiousness, to be avoided, 83, 206, 228.

Lightning, Source of, 129.

Lofoten, 59, 98 note.

Logechag (Lough Neagh?), lake in Ireland, 106, 107.

Logherne (Lough Erne or Lough Owel), lake in Ireland, 109, 110.

Logri (Loch Cré or Loch Ree), lake in Ireland, 109, 111.

Longbow, 215.

Louis IX, French king, 31.

Low Countries, 28.

Loycha, lake in Ireland, 107, 108.

Lucifer, 259, 262–268, 271.

Lund, Swedish cathedral town, 36.

Macrobius, 15, 147 note, 154 note.

Magnus Bareleg, Norwegian king, 34.

Magnus the Blind, Norwegian king, 34.

Magnus Erlingsson, Norwegian king, 36, 37, 55.

Magnus Lawmender, Norwegian king, 44, 61.

Magnussen, Arne, antiquarian, 65.

Mail hose, 219.

Mainz, 28.

Man, Isle of, 4, 22.

Manners, Personal, 32, 164–166, 169, 173, 176–187, 192, 193, 227, 228;
_see also_ Court, Household, and King.

Mantle, When not to wear a, 181, 182, 184–186, 227.

Manuel Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, 60, 101 note.

Marble in Greenland, 144.

Mark, measure of value, 168 note, 172.

Marsiglio of Padua, medieval political theorist, 49.

Martianus Capella, _see_ Capella.

Marvels, _see_ Arctic, Greenland, Iceland, India, Ireland, and Norway.

Mary, The Virgin, 85.

Matthew, an envoy from the imperial court, 30.

Matthew Paris, English monk and historian, 31.

Melchisedek, 361.

Merchants and the mercantile profession, 6, 11, 28, 73, 78, 79–86,
92–94, 163, 164, 173.

Mercy, divine virgin, 252, 254, 256–259, 279–281, 283, 285, 287, 324,
328.

_Meregarto_, German poem, 19 note.

Mermaid, 22, 136, 137.

Merman, 22, 135, 136.

Meyer, Kuno, 25, 109 note, 116 note, 117 note.

Military art and engines, 11, 32, 62, 63, 211–226.

Mineral springs in Iceland, 21, 134, 135.

Mines in warfare, 225.

Minorities, 35, 60, 197, 203 note.

“Mirrors of Princes,” 7 note.

Missiles used in warfare, 224, 225.

Monsters, 101, 105, 110, 115, 125, 135–137.

Moon, The, and its influence on the ocean, 92–94, 300.

Mordecai, Hebrew magnate at the Persian court, 238–240, 245.

Möre, Norwegian shire, 104.

Moses, 51, 52, 280, 281, 283, 285–287, 290, 317, 318, 358, 361.

Munch, Peter Andreas, Norwegian historian, 68.

Munster, 107 note.

Namdalen, district in Norway, 9 note, 59, 60.

Nansen, Fridtjof, 20, 21.

Narwhal, 122, 123.

Nathan, Hebrew prophet, 322, 324, 328, 344, 345, 347.

_Natural History_ of the Elder Pliny, 18.

Navigation, Rules and information relating to, 83–85, 90, 100, 156–162.

Nero, 362.

Nibelungs, Tales of the, 3.

Nicholas Petersson, Norwegian bishop, 46.

Nicholas Sæmundarson, Norwegian abbot, 28 note.

Nidaros, 9 note, 36, 48;
_see_ Trondhjem.

Night and day, Changes of, 94, 98, 104.

Nineveh, 287.

Nob, city in Israel, 331, 332, 347, 352, 362, 365.

Nordland, northern Norway, 98 note.

Northern lights, 18, 19, 101, 146, 149–152.

Norway, Colonies of, 4;
literature of, in the middle ages, 4–6;
marvels of, 18, 19, 21, 99–101, 103–105;
trade of, 29;
factional warfare in, 35, 52;
mention of, 28, 59, 65, 68, 138 note.

Occam, William, medieval schoolman, 49.

Olaf, Norwegian saint and king, 36.

Ordeal, Harold Gilchrist’s, 34.

“Ore-marvel” in Iceland, 134.

Orkneys, 4.

_Ostenta_, _ostensa_, minutes of time, 16, 20, 95.

Paradise, 252, 255, 261, 263.

Parmenides of Ela, 15 note.

Patrick, Saint, 110 note, 115.

Paul, Norwegian bishop, 46.

Paul, Saint, 275.

Peace, divine virgin, 252, 254, 256–259, 279–281, 283, 285, 287.

Peasants, yeomen, 73, 78, 172, 174;
_see_ Husbandmen.

Penalties, 318–322, 324, 325, 327, 328.

Penance, Theory of, 51, 52, 318, 319, 321, 343, 346.

Pens, Sören, Icelandic merchant, 66.

Persia, 244 note.

Peter, Saint, 42, 248, 249, 282, 284, 285.

Peter, Skule’s son, 48.

Petrifying waters, 104, 105, 107, 128.

Petrus Alfonsus, 9, 26.

Petrus Comestor, 6, 10.

Pharaoh, 236, 244, 278, 283, 305.

Philistines, 329.

Pilgrims and pilgrimages, 3, 19, 27, 28.

Pitch, Use of, in defensive warfare, 225.

Pliny the Elder, 18.

Plural and singular terms, Proper use of, 187–190.

Polo, Marco, 2.

Pope, 175, 241, 294.

Porpoise, 119.

Portugal, 31.

“Praise of Divine Wisdom,” Alexander Neckam’s, 12.

Prester John, 11, 101 note.

Pretenders to the Norwegian throne, 34, 35, 48.

Promises, _see_ Vows.

Proper names, Irish, 25.

“Prow-boar,” device used in naval warfare, 216.

Psalter, 276.

Ptolemaic theory of the universe, 12–14.

Purgatory of Saint Patrick, 110 note.

Rabanus, Maurus, medieval scholar and writer, 20, 95 note, 147 note.

Ram, siege engine, 221, 222.

“Raven whale,” 120.

“Red comb,” a sort of whale, 122, 123.

Reindeer in Greenland, 145.

Rhine River, 27, 28.

Riant, Count, 19.

Right whale, 121, 123 note.

Rome, 27, 28, 241.

Rorqual, 124.

“Running wheel,” device used in defending castles, 223.

_Sachsenspiegel_, 8.

Saddle for use in warfare, 218, 219.

Saddleback, a sort of seal, 140.

Saint Edmundsbury, 38.

Salmon, 109.

Samuel, Hebrew prophet, 326, 328, 329.

Sanctuary, Right of, 48, 64, 348, 351–353, 357, 358, 363.

Satan, 132, 133.

Saul, king of Israel, 42, 52, 53, 279, 283, 317, 319–322, 325–337, 339, 340, 344, 347, 357, 362.

Saxon lands, 27, 28.

Scarlet, 181.

Scherer, W., 257 note.

Schöning, Gerhard, Norwegian scholar, 66, 67.

Scythes for use in warfare, 215.

“Sea hedges,” sea quakes, 21, 101, 137, 138.

Seals, 21, 139, 140, 142, 145.

Self-control, The virtue of, 231–233.

Serpent, The, in Paradise, 252, 253, 255, 261, 266–270, 272.

Shabrack, covering for war horse, 218.

Shetlands, 4.

Shield-giant, military contrivance, 226.

“Shield whale,” 120.

Shimei, Biblical character, 341–343, 346, 353.

Ships, Care of, 83–85;
defense of, 215–217.

“Short seal,” 140.

“Shot wagon,” device for defending castles, 223, 224.

Sicily, 17, 30, 127, 130.

Siege warfare, 220–226.

Sigurd Jerusalemfarer, Norwegian king, 28 note, 34.

Sinai, Mount, 285.

Skis, Running on, 103, 104.

Skule, Norwegian earl and duke, 31, 35, 48, 52, 63, 64.

Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study, The, 70.

Solinus, 19 note.

Solomon, Hebrew king, 46, 47, 64, 303, 340–354, 357, 358, 363–365.

“Song of the High One,” Eddic poem, 50.

Sorö, Danish city, 66, 67.

Sorö edition of the _King’s Mirror_, 61, 65–68, 70, 120 note.

Spain, 31.

“Spear whale,” 120.

_Speculum Ecclesiae_, 7.

_Speculum Majus_, 6.

_Speculum Naturale_, 7.

_Speculum Perfectionis_, 7.

_Speculum Regale_, 6–9, 17, 19, 22, 25, 43, 45, 49, 50, 56, 59, 61, 66,
68–70, 74, 101 note;
_see King’s Mirror_.

_Speculum Regis_, 8.

_Speculum Regum_, 8.

_Speculum Stultorum_, 7.

Sperm, 124.

Sperm whale, 121.

Springs, Marvelous, 107.

Staff slings, 213, 215, 221.

Steenstrup, I. Japetus S., Danish scientist, 137 note.

Stephen, Athenian judge, 309–313.

Stockholm, 82 note.

Storm, Gustav, Norwegian historian, 62.

Strindsea, Battle of, 58.

Suibhne Geilt, Irish legendary character, 116 note.

Sulphur, Use of, in warfare, 215, 225.

Sun, The, office of, 87, 300;
effect of, on the winds, 87–89, 158–160;
changes in the course of, 92–99, 104, 149, 155, 156;
influence of, on climate, 96–99.

Surcingle, 218.

Sverre, Norwegian king, 34, 37–39, 47, 54–61.

Sweden, 3, 4, 30, 65.

Swords of kings and bishops, 364–366.

Sylvester, pope and saint, 241.

Table service and manners, 80, 210, 211, 227, 228.

Tar, Use of, in warfare, 225

Tara, 113 note;
_see_ Themar.

Tarquin, Roman citizen, 310, 311, 313, 314.

Thegn, King’s, 61.

Thegn money, 168, 171.

Themar, Irish borough, 113–115, 308, 312, 314.

Theodoric, 3.

Theodosius II, Roman emperor, 316 note.

Thieves, The two, at the crucifixion, 282, 285.

Thomas Aquinas, medieval philosopher and theologian, 2.

Tides, 12, 16, 17, 83, 86, 92–94.

Time, Divisions of, 11, 16, 93–95.

Tools for ship repairs, 84.

_Topographia Hibernica_ of Giraldus Cambrensis, 22, 23.

Torment, Places of, in Sicily and Iceland, 130, 131.

Towers for siege warfare, 215, 216, 221, 225.

Trebuckets, siege engines, 220, 222.

Trondhjem, 26, 46, 59, 64, 66;
_see_ Nidaros.

Truth, divine virgin, 252, 254, 255, 257–259, 278, 279, 281, 283, 285,
287, 324.

Tunis, 31.

Turnpikes for use in defensive warfare, 223.

Ulster, 107 note.

Unas, a Faroese, 37.

Unger, Carl R., editor of the _King’s Mirror_, 68.

Ur, Hebrew high priest, 280, 284.

Uriah, Hebrew warrior, 53, 281, 322–325, 328.

Utrecht, 28.

Vaag, fishing village in Lofoten, 98.

Valdemar the Victorious, Danish king, 3, 4, 31.

Valladolid, 31.

Vashti, Persian queen, 237, 238, 240, 243, 244.

Venomous animals unable to live in Ireland, 106.

Vincent of Beauvais, encyclopedist, 5.

Volcanic fires, 17, 21, 126–129, 130, 131.

Vows and promises, when to be kept and when broken, 353–357.

_Vulgate_, 9.

Wadmol, cloth for sail repair, 84.

Walrus, 21, 140, 141.

“War-beams,” 215.

Warfare, Private, 50, 231.

Weapons suitable for warfare on land, 213, 214, 217–226;
on board ships, 214–217.

Whalebone, 124.

Whales, 18, 21, 119–124, 139, 140, 145.

White bears, 143.

White whale, 120.

William, king’s chaplain, 29, 57.

William of Sabina, cardinal, 31, 55.

Willow, Miracle of the, 112, 113.

Winds, Covenant of the, 87–89, 158–161;
importance of, in navigation, 150, 160.

Wisdom, Source and beginning of, 77, 78, 230, 299, 300;
nature of, 229–234, 300, 302, 303;
speech of, 300–303.

Woden, 50.

Wolves, Men turned into, 115;
in Greenland, 143.

Woman taken in adultery, 281, 282.

Year, Divisions of the, 94.

Zadoc, Hebrew priest, 344–347.

Zenophilus, Roman prince, 242–245.

Zion (Gihon), 345.

Zones of heat and cold, 15, 16, 147, 148, 153–155, 162.

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● Transcriber’s Notes:
○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
○ Typographical errors were silently corrected.
○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only
when a predominant form was found in this book.
○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).