Chapter I: HAVE sometimes guffawed immeasurably, at the sharp cuts and thrusts (1)

not seldom indulged in by the current writers of our country, both in periodicals and newspapers. Not that I particularly affect the vapid abortions which appear in each department, as now and then they must inevitably do: but names and sources might readily be mentioned in both, whereat the general lip shall curl you a smile, as if by intuition. Our magazines have a goodly sprinkling of the cheerful; and in dull times, one can but wish that they even had more. There is a spirit--and I mentioned but now the name of its incarnate habitation--which has gone from among us, no more to return. Ah me!--that spirit! It was stored with sublunary lore; calm, philosophical, observant; a lens, through which the colors of a warm heart, full of genuine philanthropy and goodness, shone forth upon the world. It was sportive in its satire, and its very sadness was cheerful. Grasping and depicting the Great, it yet ennobled and beautified the Small. Its messengers of thought, winged and clothed with beautiful plumage, went forth in the world, to please by their changeableness, or to impress the eye of fancy with their enduring loveliness. Such was the spirit of SANDS, whose light was quenched forever, while 'inditing a good matter' for the very pages which now embody this feeble tribute to his genius. I well remember, when I first approached his native city, after his death, how thick-coming were the associations connected with his memory, which brought the tears into my eyes. The distant shades of Hoboken, where he so loved to wander; the spreading bay, whereon his 'rapt, inspired' eye has so often rested; the city, towering sleepily afar; the fairy hues of coming twilight, trembling over the glassy Hudson, sloop-bestrown; the half-silver, half-emerald shades, blending together under the heights of Weehawken--these, appealing to my eye, recalled the Lost to my side. I looked to the shore, and there

'The shadows of departed hours
Hung dim upon the early flowers;
Even in their sunshine seemed to brood
Something more deep than solitude.'

* * * * *

NO BARD, 'holy and true,' was ever more deeply imbued than SANDS with 'the spirit of song.' Sublimity, tenderness, description, all were his. But in his dissertations on all subjects, his struggling humor at last came uppermost. From classic stores, he could educe the novel _jeu d'esprit_; from fanciful premises, the most amusing conclusions. Having given a pleasant line or two from one of his happiest sketches, I feel irresistibly inclined to encompass the whole. It is necessary, beforehand, to discern the preamble of the argument. A fellow-minstrel has indited and published to the world a fanciful picture of the national eagle, in all his original wildness, surrounded with characteristic scenery. The picture is a grand one, but over-colored; and would seem to have been drawn according to the admitted principle of the writer in composition, that 'whatever he writes is either superlatively good, or sheer nonsense.' The former quality predominates; but there is enough of the latter in _all_ he has written. The minstrel just mentioned also gave birth to a midnight phantom, or the sketch of a most supernal steed; the burlesque presentment whereof is hereto annexed, together with certain allusions to the feathery emblem of the republic, which show that the limner knew how to kill two rare objects with one satirical 'fragment of granite:'

'A MISTY dream--and a flashy maze--
Of a sunshiny flush--and a moonshiny haze!
I lay asleep with my eyes open wide,
When a donkey came to my bedside,
And bade me forth to take a ride.
It was not a donkey of vulgar breed,
But a cloudy vision--a night-mare steed!
His ears were abroad like a warrior's plume--
From the bosom of darkness was borrowed the gloom
Of his dark, dark hide, and his coal black hair,
But his eyes like no earthly eyes they were!
Like the fields of heaven where none can see
The depths of their blue eternity!
Like the crest of a helmet taught proudly to nod,
And wave like a meteor's train abroad,
Was the long, long tail, that glorified
The glorious donkey's hinder side!
And his gait description's power surpasses--
'T was the beau ideal of all jack-asses.

'I strode o'er his back, and he took in his wind--
And he pranced before--and he kicked behind--
And he gave a snort, as when mutterings roll
Abroad from pole to answering pole--
While the storm-king sits on the hail-cloud's back,
And amuses himself with the thunder-crack!
Then off he went, like a bird with red wings,
That builds her nest where the cliff-flower springs--
Like a cloudy steed by the light of the moon,
When the night's muffled horn plays a windy tune;
And away I went, while my garment flew
Forth on the night breeze, with a snow-shiny hue--
Like a streak of white foam on a sea of blue.
Up-bristled then the night-charger's hair too,
Like a bayonet grove, at a 'shoulder-hoo!'

'Hurra! hurra! what a hurry we made!
My hairs rose too, but I was not afraid;
Like a stand of pikes they stood up all,
Each eye stood out like a cannon ball;
So rapt I looked, like the god of song;
As I shot and whizzed like a rocket along.
Thus through the trough of the air as we dash'd,
Goodly and glorious visions flash'd
Before my sight with a flashing and sparkling,
In whose blaze all earthly gems are darkling.
As the gushes of morning, the trappings of eve,
Or the myriad lights that will dance when you give
Yourself a clout on the orb of sight,
And see long ribands of rainbow light;
Such were the splendors, and so divine,
So rosy and starry, and fiëry and fine.

'Then eagle! then stars! and then rainbows! and all
That I saw at Niagara's tumbling fall,
Where I sung so divinely of them and their glories,
While mewed in vile durance, and kept by the tories;
Where the red cross flag was abroad on the blast,
I sat very mournful, but not downcast.
My harp on the willows I did not hang up,
Nor the winglets of fancy were suffered to droop,--
But I soared, and I swooped, like a bird with red wings,
Who mounts to the cloud-god, and soaringly sings.

'But the phantom steed in his whirlwind course,
Galloped along like Beelzebub's horse,
Till we came to a bank, dark, craggy, and wild,
Where no rock-flowers blushed, no verdure smiled--
But sparse from the thunder-cliffs bleak and bare,
Like the plumage of ravens that warrior helms wear.
And below very far was a gulf profound,
Where tumbling and rumbling, at distance resound
Billowy clouds--o'er whose bottomless bed
The curtain of night its volumes spread--
But a rushing of fire was revealing the gloom,
Where convulsions had birth, and the thunders a home.

'You may put out the eyes of the sun at mid-day--
You may hold a young cherubim fast by the tail--
You may steal from night's angel his blanket away--
Or the song of the bard at its flood-tide may stay,
But that cloud-phantom donkey to stop you would fail!

'He plunged in the gulf--'t was a great way to go,
Ere we lit mid the darkness and flashings below;
And I looked--as I hung o'er that sulphurous light--
Like a warrior of flame!--on a courser of night!
But what I beheld in that dark ocean's roar,
I have partly described in a poem before,
And the rest I reserve for a measure more strong,
When my heart shall be heaving and bursting with song!

'But I saw, as he sailed 'mid the dusky air,
A bird that I thought I knew every where,
A fierce gray bird with a terrible beak,
With a glittering eye, and peculiar shriek:
'Proud Bird of the Cliff!' I addressed him then--
'How my heart swells high thus to meet thee again!
Thou whose bare bosom for rest is laid
On pillows of night by the thunder-cloud made!
With a rushing of wings and a screaming of praise,
Who in ecstacy soar'st in the red-hot blaze!
Who dancest in heaven to the song of the trump,
To the fife's acclaim, and bass-drum's thump!
Whence com'st thou,' I cried, 'and goest whither?'
As I gently detained him by his tail-feather.
He replied, 'Mr. N.----! Mr. N.----! let me loose!
I am not an eagle, but only a goose!
Your optics are weak, and the weather is hazy--
And excuse the remark, but I think you are crazy.''

SANDS was a lover of nature, with an affection 'passing the love of women;' and he entered into the very heart of her mysteries. Lately, I made a pilgrimage to a scene which he has depainted, in one of those quiet, rich, and noble sketches, which have gained such celebrity to his pen. It was the CATSKILLS.

* * * * *

IT fell on a day, when the guns and thunder of artillery proclaimed, according to the Fourth-of-July orators,'the birth-day of freedom,' that we made our way from the crowded city, to the majestic craft that was to convey us up the Hudson. What a contrast did the embarkation scene present to the tranquil Delaware, and the calm, sweet city of fraternal affection! Thousands of garish pennons were abroad on the gale; the winds, as they surged along on their viewless wings, were heavy with the sound of cannon, the rolling of chariot-wheels, and the shouts of multitudes. To me, it is an edifying and a thought-inspiring sight, to look from the promenade-deck of a receding steamer upon a city, as it glides into distance. The airy heights, dwelling-crowned, around; the craft going to and fro; the thousand destinations of the throngs that fill them; the hopes and fears that impel them. Some are on errands of business; some, on those of pleasure:

'For every man hath business, and desire,
Such as it is.'

Yonder a gay ship, her sails filled with air and sunshine, hastens through the Narrows. She is a packet, outward bound. We see her as she goes. Within her are hearts sighing to leave their native land; from tearful eyes there extends the level of the telescope which brings the distant near; and at some upper casement in the town, a trembling hand waves the white 'kerchief, still descried; at last it trembles into a glimmer; the ocean haze rises between, and the bosom which it cheered goes below to heave with the _nausea marina_, and feel the benefits of an attentive steward.

* * * * *

IT is beautiful to ascend the Hudson, on, the birth-day christened as aforesaid. On every green point where the breeze rustles the foliage, and around which the crystal waters roll, you may see the grim ordnance, belching forth its thunder-clap and grass-wadding; the brave officers and 'marshals of the day,' sporting their emblems of immortal glory; the urchins, with chequered pantaloons, and collars turned over their coats, their tender hearts and warm imaginations excited and wild with the grandeur of the scene; and as you pass some beautiful town, you may see the stars and stripes waving from an eminence, near the meeting-house or town-hall; and as you pass the line of a street which tends to the river, you may eke observe 'the orator of the day,' with his roll of patriotism and eloquence in his hand, marching sublimely onward, behind prancing chargers, heroes in gay attire, meditating death to any possible foes of the country, on any future battailous emergency; and sustained and soothed (he, the orator,) by the brattling of brass horns, and the roll of the stirring drums behind him; the ladies, meanwhile--God bless them!--looking neat and cheerful at the windows, or in the streets. Then for the tourist to see the places in such a transit, hallowed in his country's history; the old head-quarters of WASHINGTON, as at Newburgh, above whose humble roof, near which one tall and solitary Lombard waved and whispered mournfully in the air, there streamed a faded red banner, that had caught the roll of the war-drum in the revolution, and rustled its folds more quickly at the gun-peals that sent an iron storm into invading breasts! And then, to think that millions on millions, in 'many a lovely valley out of sight,' in states, and territories stretching to the flowery prairies, and where the setting sun flames along the far mountains of the west, the same anthems were ascending; the same glorious love of country inculcated; it is a train of thought ennobling--pure--imperishable! Then it is, that the mind has visions which no vocabulary can clothe and wreak upon expression; when the faculties ache with that indescribable blending of love, hope, and pride, such as was faintly shadowed by the minstrel, when he sang:

'Breathes there a man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
This is my own, my native land!'

* * * * *

PRESUPPOSING that a man is possessed of a soul, it is my belief that he cannot traverse the Hudson, even if it be for the hundredth time, without new and delicious sensations. The noble shores, now broken into sweet and solemn vistas, until they become steeped in romance--the capacious bays--the swelling sails--the craft of all sorts, hastening to and fro--all are impressive and beautiful. You have such a variety of steamer-life about you, too--that is the best of it--odd congregations of character. Yonder stands, looking at the shores, and now and then at his watch, a man who, by his look, should be a divine. He hath a white cravat around his neck, tied behind, with extreme closeness, at 'the precise point betwixt ornament and strangulation.' He proceedeth to the bow of the boat to look to his luggage. Such an one I saw; and he was accosted, somewhat abruptly, by a clock-pedlar, who had been whittling a pine shrub, near the taffrail, (and whistling the _sublime_ national song of Yankee Doodle--that most _dignified_ effusion)--and who bespake him thus: 'Square, you don't know nawthing about that youg woman, yender, do ye?--with that lay-lock dress on to her--do ye?' 'No,' replied the ambassador for the high court above, 'I do not; and I wonder at your asking _me_ such a question.'

'Why, I axed you, 'cause I seen you a-looking at her yourself; and 'cause I think she's blamenation elegint!'

'That's enough, my friend; you had better run along,' was the august reply; and the colloquy ended.

* * * * *

PAUSED for a moment at Rhinebeck, to release a passenger in a small boat, let down amid the agitated foam at the steamer's side. How sad, that the beauty of a landscape should be stained by the memories of death! Here once lived, drinking the spirit of golden youthful hours, and rejoicing in existence, a warm and devoted friend, now alas! no more--JOHN RUDOLPH SUTERMEISTER. The pestilence, for such it was, swept him from being, in the pride of his intellect, and the full flush of his manhood. As I surveyed the place where he had embarked for the last time for the metropolis, in whose romantic suburbs his bones were so soon to lie, the illusion, as it were of a dream, came over me, and I almost fancied I could see him coming on board. I thought of the many pleasant hours we had consumed together, in walks where romance and early friendship sanctified the groves, as the red sun, tinting the lake, and closing the flowers, and beautifying the tender woodlands of spring, went down behind the cedars of the west, in a sea of gold, and crimson, and purple. Those were blessed hours; moments when the enthusiasm, the glowing hopes, the far-reaching thoughts, which take to themselves the wings of the eagle, and soar into the mysteries of unborn years, coloring the future from the gorgeous prism of the imagination, all were ours. How, at that point of reminiscence, did they throng back to my experience and my view! I fancied that my friend was by my side, his arm in mine; and a voice, like the tones of a spirit, seemed breathing in my ear:

'Yet what binds us, friend to friend,
But that soul with soul can blend?
Soul-like were those hours of yore--
Let us walk in soul once more.'

Poor Shade! He seemed ever to have a presentiment of his coming and early doom; and his prophetic vision often pierced the future, in lines akin to the solemn stanzas which close his beautiful 'Night Thoughts:'

'When high in heaven the moon careers,
She lights the fountain of young tears;
Her ray plays on the fevered brow;
Plays on the cheek now bright no more--
Plays on the withered almond bough,
Which once the man of sorrow wore!

* * * * *

'Behold this elm on which I lean,
Meet emblem of my cruel fate;
But yestermorn, its leaves were green--
Now it lies low and desolate!
The dew which bathes each faded leaf,
Doth also bathe my brow of grief.
Alas! the dews of DEATH too soon
Will gather o'er my dreamless sleep;
And thou wilt beam, O pensive moon,
Where love should mourn, and friends should weep!'

But he was translated to an early paradise, by the kind fiat of a benevolent GOD. Pure in heart, fresh and warm in his affections, he loved to live, because he lived to love; and he is now in that better country,

'Where light doth glance on many a crown,
From suns that never more go down.'

He had a languid but not unpleasing melancholy about his life, which entered into his verse, and moaned from every vibration of his excelling lyre. How beautiful--how touching--how mournful, are these bodings in his song:

'Give not to me the wreath of green--
The blooming vase of flowers;
They breathe of joy that once hath been--
Of gone and faded hours.
I cannot love the rose; though rich,
Its beauty will not last;
Give me, oh! give the bloom, o'er which
The early blight hath passed:
The yellow buds--give them to rest
On my cold brow and joyless breast,
Where life is failing fast.

'Take far from me the wine-cup bright,
In hours of revelry;
It suits glad brows, and bosoms light--
It is not meet for me;
Oh! I can pledge the heart no more,
I pledged in days gone by;
Sorrow hath touch'd my bosom's core,
And I am left to die:
Give me to drink of Lethe's wave--
Give me the lone and silent grave,
O'er which the night-winds sigh!

'Wake not, upon my tuneless ear,
Soft music's stealing strain:
It cannot soothe, it cannot cheer,
This anguish'd heart again:
But place th' æolian harp upon
The tomb of her I love;
There, when heaven shrouds the dying sun,
My weary steps will rove;
As o'er its chords night pours its breath,
To list the serenade of death,
Her silent bourne above!

'Give me to seek that lonely tomb,
Where sleeps the sainted dead.
Now the pale night-fall throws its gloom
Upon her narrow bed;
There, while the winds which sweep along
O'er the harp-strings are driven,
And the funereal soul of song
Upon the air is given,
Oh! let my faint and parting breath
Be mingled with that song of death,
And flee with it to heaven!'

* * * * *

ONE picks up a marvellous degree of gratuitous and most novel information, from the miscellaneous people who pass hither and thither in steam-craft. Bits of knowledge strike you unaware; and if you believe it, you will be a much wiser man, when you greet the morrow morn after a day's travel. For example, when we had passed the shadowy highlands, and the Catskills were seen heaving their broad blue shoulders against the brilliant horizon, a man with a pot-belly, in a round-about, with a bell-crowned hat, over which was drawn a green oil-skin, shading his tallowy cheeks, and most rubicund nose, approached my side, and interrupted my reverie, by volunteering some intelligence. 'Them is very respectable mountains,' he said, 'but a man don't know nothin' about articles of that kind, unless he sees the tower of Scotland. I am not, as you may likely be about to inquire, a natyve of that country; but I have saw friends which has been there; and furthermore, the mountains there was all named after relations of mine, by the mother's side. At present, all them elewated sections of country is nick-named. Now the name of Ben. Lomond has been curtailed into an abbreviation. That hill was named after an uncle of my grandfather's, Benjamin Lomond. Ben. Nevis was a brother of my grandmother's, who had the same given name; and a better man than Benjamin Nevis never broke bread, or got up in the morning. From all accounts, he was consid'rable wealthy, at one time; though I've hear'n tell since, that he was a busted man. But just to think of all them perversions! Isn't it 'orrid?' With this and other information did this glorious volunteer in history break in upon my musings; and when he turned upon his heel, and clattered away, he left me with an impression of his visage in my mind akin to that which the fat knight entertained of Bardolph: 'Thou art our admiral; thou bearest the lantern in the nose of thee; thou art the knight of the burning lamp. I never see thy face, but I think of hell-fire, and Dives, that lived in purple; for there he is in his robes, burning, burning.'

* * * * *

YOU would scarcely think, arrived at Catskill Landing, on the Hudson, just before you enter the coach which conveys you to the mountain, that any extraordinary prospect was about to open upon your vision. True, as when on the water, the great cloud Presence looms afar; yet there is a long level country between it and you; and it is too early in the day to drink in the grandeur of the scene. You are content with watching the complex operations of that aquatic and equestrian mystery, a horse-boat, which plies from the humble tavern at the water's edge to the other shore of the Hudson. The animals give a consumptive wheeze, as they start, stretching out their long necks, indulging in faint recollections of that happy juvenescence, when they wasted the hours of their colthood in pastures of clover, and moving with a kind of unambitious sprawl, as if they cared but little whether they stood or fell; a turn of mind which induces them to stir their forward legs more glibly than those in the opposite quarter, quickening the former from pride, and 'contracting the latter from motives of decency.' This is said to be their philosophy; and they act upon it with a religious devotion, 'worthy a better cause.'

* * * * *

AS you move along from the landing, by pleasant and quiet waters, and through scenes of pastoral tranquillity, you seem to be threading a road which leads through a peaceful and variegated plain. You lose the memory of the highlands and the river, in the thought that you are taking a journey into a country as level as the lowliest land in Jersey. Sometimes, the mountains, as you turn a point of the road, appear afar; but 'are they clouds, or are they not?' By the mass, you shall hardly tell. Meantime, you are a _plain_-traveller--a quiet man. All at once you are wheeled upon a vernal theatre, some five or six miles in width, at whose extremity the bases of the Catskills 'gin to rise. How impressive the westering sunshine, sifting itself down the mighty ravines and hollows, and tinting the far-off summits with aërial light! How majestic yet soft the gradations from the ponderous grandeur of the formation, up--up--to the giddy and delicate shadowings, which dimly veil and sanctify their tops, as 'sacristies of nature,' where the cedar rocks to the wind, and the screaming eagle snaps his mandibles, as he sweeps a circuit of miles with one full impulse of his glorious wing! Contrasting the roughness of the basis with the printed beauty of the iris-hued and skïey ultimatum, I could not but deem that the bard of 'Thanatopsis' had well applied to the Catskills those happy lines wherein he apostrophizes the famous heights of Europe:

'Your peaks are beautiful, ye Appenines,
In the soft light of your serenest skies;
From the broad highland region, dark with pines,
Fair as the hills of paradise, ye rise!'

* * * * *

BE not too eager, as you take the first stage of the mountain, to look about you; especially, be not anxious to look _afar_. Now and then, it is true, as the coach turns, you cannot choose but see a landscape, to the south and east, _farther off_ than you ever saw one before, broken up into a thousand vistas; but look you at them with a sleepy, sidelong eye, to the end that you may finally receive from _the Platform_ the full glory of the final view. In the mean time, there is enough directly about you to employ all your eyes, if you had the ocular endowments of an Argus. Huge rocks, that might have been sent from warring Titans, decked with moss, overhung with rugged shrubbery, and cooling the springs that trickle from beneath them gloom beside the way; vast chasms, which your coach shall sometimes seem to overhang, yawn on the left; the pine and cedar-scented air comes freely and sweetly from the brown bosom of the woods; until, one high ascent attained, a level for a while succeeds, and your smoking horses rest, while, with expanding nostril, you drink in the rarer and yet rarer air; a stillness like the peace of Eden, (broken only by the whisper of leaves, the faint chant of embowered birds, or the distant notes that come 'mellowed and mingling from the vale below,') hangs at the portal of your ear. It is a time to be still--to be contemplative--to hear no voice but your own ejaculations, or those of one who will share and heighten your enjoyment, by partaking it in peace, and as one with you, yet alone.

* * * * *

PASSING the ravine, where the immortal Rip Van Winkle played his game of nine-pins with the wizards of that neighborhood, and quaffed huge draughts of those bewildering flagons, which made him sleep for years, I flung myself impatiently from the 'quarter-deck' of the postillion whose place I had shared; I grasped that goodly globe of gold and ivory which heads my customary cane--the present of 'My Hon. friend' S----, and which once drew into itself the sustenance of life from that hallowed mound which guards the dust of WASHINGTON--and pushed gaily on, determined to pause not, until my weary feet stood on the Platform. The road was smooth and good; the air refreshing and pure, beyond description. The lungs play there without an effort; it is a luxury to breathe. How holy was the stillness! Not a sound invaded the solemn air; it was like inhaling the sanctity of the empyrean. The forest tops soon began to stir with a mighty wind. I looked, and on both sides of the road there were trees whose branches had been broken, as if by the wings of some rushing tempest. It was the havoc of winter snows.

* * * * *

THERE is a wonderful deception in the approach to the Mountain-House, which, when discovered, will strike the traveller with amazement. At one point of the road, where the mansion which is to terminate your pilgrimage heaves its white form in view, (you have seen it from the river for nearly half a day,) it seems not farther than a hundred rods, and hangs apparently on the verge of a stupendous crag over your head; the road turns again, it is out of sight, and the summits, near its _locus in quo_, are nearly three miles off. The effect is wonderful. The mountain is _growing upon you_.

I continued to ascend, slowly, but with patient steps, and with a flow of spirit which I cannot describe. Looking occasionally to the east, I saw a line of such parti-colored clouds, (as then I deemed them,) yellow, green, and purple, silver-laced, and violet-bordered, that it meseemed I never viewed the like kaleidoscopic presentments. All this time, I wondered that I had seen no land for many a weary mile.

Hill after hill, mere ridges of the mountain, was attained--summit after summit surmounted--and yet it seemed to me that the house was as far off as ever. Finally it appeared, and a-nigh; to me the 'earth's one sanctuary.' I reached it; my name was on the book; the queries of the publican, as to 'how many coach-loads were behind,' (symptoms of a yearning for the almighty dollar, even in this holy of nature's holies) were answered, and I stood on the Platform.

* * * * *

GOOD READER!--expect me not to describe the indescribable. I feel now, while memory is busy in my brain, in the silence of my library, calling up that vision to my mind, much as I did when I leaned upon my staff before that omnipotent picture, and looked abroad upon its God-written magnitude. It was a vast and changeful, a majestic, an _interminable_ landscape; a fairy, grand, and delicately-colored scene, with rivers for its lines of reflection; with highlands and the vales of _states_ for its shadowings, and far-off mountains for its frame. Those parti-colored and varying clouds I fancied I had seen as I ascended, were but portions of the scene. All colors of the rainbow--all softness of harvest-field, and forest, and distant cities, and the towns that simply dotted the Hudson--and far beyond where that noble river, diminished to a brooklet, rolled its waters, there opened mountain after mountain, vale after vale, state after state, heaved against the horizon, to the north-east and south, in impressive and sublime confusion; while _still beyond_, in undulating ridges, filled with all hues of light and shade, coquetting with the cloud, rolled the rock-ribbed and ancient frame of this dim diorama. As the sun went down, the houses and cities diminished to dots; the evening guns of the national anniversary came booming up from the valley of the Hudson; the bonfires blazed along the peaks of distant mountains, and from the suburbs of countless villages along the river; while in the dim twilight,

'From coast to coast, and from town to town,
You could see all the white sails gleaming down.'

The steam-boats, hastening to and fro, vomited their fires upon the air, and the circuit of unnumbered miles sent up its sights and sounds, from the region below, over which the vast shadows of the mountains were stealing.

Just before the sun dropped behind the west, his slant beams poured over the south mountain, and fell upon a wide sea of feathery clouds, which were sweeping midway along its form, obscuring the vale below. I sought an eminence in the neighborhood, and with the sun at my back, saw a giant form depicted in a misty halo on the clouds below. He was identified--insubstantial but extensive Shape! I stretched forth my hand, and the giant spectre waved his shadowy arm over the whole county of Dutchess, through the misty atmosphere; while just at his supernatural coat-tail, a shower of light played upon the highlands, verging toward West Point, on the river, which are to the eye, from the Mountain-House, level slips of shore, that seem scarce so gross as knolls of the smallest size.

* * * * *

OF the grandeur of the Catskills at sunrise; of the patriotic blazon which our bonfire made on the Fourth, at evening; of the Falls, and certain pecuniary trickeries connected with their grim majesty, and a general digest of the stupendous scene, shall these not be discoursed hereafter, and in truthful wise? Yea, reader, verily, and from the note-book of thine, faithful to the end,

OLLAPOD.

TO THE NEW MOON.

FAIR gem on the dark brow of night,
Fancy springs up, exulting, to greet thee;
But purer than thine is the light
Of the eye smiling gladly to meet me.

It is glowing--thy crescent, late pale,
Is glowing, like spray on the ocean:
But lovelier far, through its veil,
Steals the light of Love's secret emotion.

_New-York, August, 1837._ JAMES F. OTIS.

LITERARY NOTICES.

MEMOIRS, CORRESPONDENCE, AND MANUSCRIPTS, OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE.
Published by his Family. Volume One. pp. 552. With a Portrait.
New-York: SAUNDERS AND OTLEY.

WE gather from an advertisement of the American editor of this large and beautiful volume, WILLIAM A. DUER, Esq., that it was the desire of LAFAYETTE that it should be considered as a legacy to the American people. In carrying his wishes into effect, therefore, his representatives have furnished a separate edition for this country, in which are inserted many letters that will not appear in the London and Paris editions, together with numerous details relating to the American revolution. The letters referred to, were written by LAFAYETTE, in the course of his first residence in America, when he was little accustomed to write in the English language, and are given exactly as they came from his pen. We need not add, that they are replete with interest.

The general history of the great Apostle of Liberty is familiar to the American people. In a brief notice of the volume before us, therefore, we shall select a few only of such passages as have more particularly impressed us, in a desultory perusal. The annexed paragraph, from the opening of the memoir, is characteristic. The writer, though indulging a secret project of arming and despatching a vessel to this country, to aid the struggling colonies, is nevertheless obliged, the better to conceal his designs, to take a journey to England:

"I could not refuse to go, without risking the discovery of my
secret, and by consenting to take this journey, I knew I could
better conceal my preparations for a greater one. This last
measure was also thought most expedient by MM. Franklin and
Deane; for the doctor himself was then in France; and although
I did not venture to go to his home, for fear of being seen,
I corresponded with him through M. Carmichael, an American
less generally known. I arrived in London with M. de Poix;
and I first paid my respects to Bancroft, the American, and
afterwards to his British Majesty. A youth of nineteen may
be, perhaps, too fond of playing a trick upon the king he is
going to fight with--of dancing at the house of Lord Germain,
minister for the English colonies, and at the house of Lord
Rawdon, who had just returned from New-York--and of seeing
at the opera that Clinton whom he was afterwards to meet at
Monmouth. But whilst I concealed my intentions, I openly avowed
my sentiments; I often defended the Americans; I rejoiced at
their success at Trenton; and my spirit of opposition obtained
for me an invitation to breakfast with Lord Shelbourne. I
refused the offers made me to visit the sea-ports, the vessels
fitting out against the _rebels_, and every thing that might
be construed into an abuse of confidence. At the end of three
weeks, when it became necessary for me to return home, whilst
refusing my uncle, the ambassador, to accompany him to court,
I confided to him my strong desire to take a trip to Paris. He
proposed saying that I was ill during my absence, I should not
have made use of this stratagem myself, but I did not object to
his doing so."

In reading, from his own pen, the account of his leaving France--the violent and peremptory letters from his family and government, denouncing his purpose, and demanding its relinquishment--the grief of his lovely wife, soon to become a mother--we are reminded of that forcible tribute of SPRAGUE to this lofty disinterestedness, than which nothing in the English language is more touching and felicitous. Though doubtless familiar to many of our readers, we cannot resist the inclination to quote a single appropriate passage: 'He left,' says he, 'the blushing vine-hills of his delightful France. The people whom he came to succour were not _his_ people; he knew them only in the wicked story of their wrongs. He was no mercenary wretch, striving for the spoils of the vanquished; he ranked among nobles, and looked unawed upon kings. He was no nameless outcast, seeking for a grave to hide his cold heart; his children were about him--his wife was before him. Yet from all these he turned away, and came. As the lofty tree shakes down its green glories to battle with the winter storm, he threw aside the trappings of pride and place, to crusade for freedom in Freedom's holy land. He came, not in the day of successful rebellion, when the newly-risen star of independence had burst the cloud of time, and careered to its place in the heavens; but he came when darkness curtained the hills, and the tempest was abroad in its anger; when the plough stood still in the field of promise, and briars cumbered the garden of beauty; when the wife was binding up the gashed bosom of her husband, and the maiden was wiping the death-damp from the brow of her lover; and when the pious began to doubt the favor of God.'

In the intervals of that heart destroying malady, sea-sickness, Lafayette employed his time, during the voyage, in acquiring some knowledge of the English language; and when at last he arrived on our coast, he found it swarming with hostile vessels, and landed at midnight at Georgetown, South Carolina. He soon started for Philadelphia, which he reached after a month's toilsome journey of nine hundred miles, on horseback. Even here he was met, at first, with coldness; for, although arriving at an important moment to the common cause, it was at a period peculiarly unfavorable to strangers:

"The Americans were displeased with the pretensions, and
disgusted with the conduct, of many Frenchmen; the imprudent
selections they had in some cases made, the extreme boldness of
some foreign adventurers, the jealousy of the army, and strong
national prejudices, all contributed to confound disinterested
zeal with private ambition, and talents with quackery.
Supported by the promises which had been given by Mr. Deane,
a numerous band of foreigners besieged the Congress; their
chief was a clever but very imprudent man, and although a good
officer, his excessive vanity amounted almost to madness. With
M. de Lafayette, Mr. Deane had sent out a fresh detachment, and
every day such crowds arrived, that the Congress had finally
adopted the plan of not listening to any stranger. The coldness
with which M. de Lafayette was received, might have been taken
as a dismissal; but, without appearing disconcerted by the
manner in which the deputies addressed him, he entreated them
to return to Congress, and read the following note:

"'After the sacrifices I have made, I have the right to exact
two favors: one is, to serve at my own expense--the other is,
to serve at first as volunteer.'"

"This style, to which they were so little accustomed, awakened
their attention; the despatches from the envoys were read over,
and, in a very flattering resolution, the rank of major-general
was granted to M. de Lafayette."

Here Lafayette beheld, for the first time, the 'Father of his Country.' 'It was impossible,' says he, 'to mistake, for a moment, his majestic figure and deportment; nor was he less distinguished by his noble affability of manner.' The following is a picture of the American army, at this time stationed a few miles from Philadelphia:

"About eleven thousand men, ill armed, and still worse
clothed, presented a strange spectacle to the eye of the young
Frenchman: their clothes were parti-colored, and many of them
were almost naked; the best clad wore _hunting-shirts_, large
gray linen coats which were much used in Carolina. As to their
military tactics, it will be sufficient to say that, for a
regiment ranged in order of battle to move forward on the right
of its line, it was necessary for the left to make a continued
countermarch. They were always arranged in two lines, the
smallest men in the first line; no other distinction as to
height was ever observed. In spite of these disadvantages, the
soldiers were fine, and the officers zealous; virtue stood in
place of science, and each day added both to experience and
discipline. Lord Stirling, more courageous than judicious,
another general, who was often intoxicated, and Greene,
whose talents were only then known to his immediate friends,
commanded as majors-general. General Knox, who had changed
the profession of bookseller to that of artillery officer,
was there also, and had himself formed other officers, and
created an artillery. 'We must feel embarrassed,' said General
Washington, on his arrival, 'to exhibit ourselves before an
officer who has just quitted French troops.' 'It is to learn
and not to teach, that I come hither,' replied M. de Lafayette;
and that modest tone, which was not common in Europeans,
produced a very good effect."

What freeman can peruse the subjoined, and not feel his heart burn with a noble pride, that he is an AMERICAN--the offspring of those whom no temptation could corrupt, no suffering appal, no tyranny subdue:

"Notwithstanding the success in the north, the situation
of the Americans had never been more critical than at the
present moment. A paper money, without any certain foundation,
and unmixed with any specie, was both counterfeited by the
enemy, and discredited by their partizans. They feared to
establish taxes, and had still less the power of levying them.
The people, who had risen against the taxation of England,
were astonished at paying still heavier taxes now; and the
government was without any power to enforce them. On the other
side, New-York and Philadelphia were overstocked with gold and
various merchandizes; the threatened penalty of death could
not stop a communication that was but too easy. To refuse
the payment of taxes, to depreciate the paper currency, and
feed the enemy, was a certain method of attaining wealth;
privations and misery were only experienced by good citizens.
Each proclamation of the English was supported by their
seductions, their riches, and the intrigues of the tories.
Whilst a numerous garrison lived sumptuously at New-York,
some hundreds of men, ill-clothed and ill-fed, wandered upon
the shores of the Hudson. The army of Philadelphia, freshly
recruited from Europe, abundantly supplied with everything
they could require, consisted of eighteen thousand men: that
of Valley-Forge was successively reduced to five-thousand men;
and two marches on the fine Lancaster road, (on which road also
was a chain of magazines,) by establishing the English in the
rear of their right flank, would have rendered their position
untenable; from which, however, they had no means of retiring.
The unfortunate soldiers were in want of every thing; they had
neither coats, hats, shirts, nor shoes; their feet and legs
froze till they became black, and it was often necessary to
amputate them. From want of money, they could neither obtain
provisions nor any means of transport; the colonels were often
reduced to two rations, and sometimes even to one. The army
frequently remained whole days without provisions, and the
patient endurance of both soldiers and officers was a miracle
which each moment served to renew. But the sight of their
misery prevented new engagements: it was almost impossible to
levy recruits; it was easy to desert into the interior of the
country. The sacred fire of liberty was not extinguished, it
is true, and the majority of the citizens detested British
tyranny; but the triumph of the north, arid the tranquillity
of the south, had lulled to sleep two-thirds of the continent.
The remaining part was harassed by two armies; and, throughout
this revolution, the greatest difficulty was, that, in order
to conceal misfortunes from the enemy, it was necessary to
conceal them from the nation also; that by awakening the one,
information was likewise given to the other; and that fatal
blows would have been struck upon the weakest points, before
democratic tardiness could have been roused to support them. It
was from this cause that, during the whole war, the real force
of the army was always kept a profound secret; even Congress
was not apprized of it, and the generals were often themselves
deceived. General Washington never placed unlimited confidence
in any person, except in M. de Lafayette; because for him
alone, perhaps, confidence sprung from warm affection. As the
situation grew more critical, discipline became more necessary.
In the course of his nocturnal rounds, in the midst of heavy
snows, M. de Lafayette was obliged to break some negligent
officers. He adopted in every respect the American dress,
habits, and food. He wished to be more simple, frugal, and
austere than the Americans themselves. Brought up in the lap of
luxury, he suddenly changed his whole manner of living, and his
constitution bent itself to privation as well as to fatigue.
He always took the liberty of freely writing his ideas to
congress; or, in imitation of the prudence of the general, he
gave his opinion to some members of a corps or state assembly,
that, being adopted by them, it might be brought forward in the
deliberations of congress.

"In addition to the difficulties which lasted during the
whole of the war, the winter of Valley-Forge recalls others
still more painful. At Yorktown, behind the Susquehanhah,
congress was divided into two factions, which, in spite of
their distinction of south and east, did not the less occasion
a separation between members of the same state. The deputies
substituted their private intrigues for the wishes of the
nation. Several impartial men had retired; several states had
but one representative, and in some cases not even one. Party
spirit was so strong, that three years afterwards congress
still felt the effects of it. Any great event, however, would
awaken their patriotism; and when Burgoyne declared that his
treaty had been broken, means were found to stop the departure
of his troops, which every thing, even the few provisions for
the transports, had foolishly betrayed."

In his letter to his wife, written at this time, Lafayette speaks of American simplicity of manners, kindness of heart, and love of country. 'They are all,' says he, brethren of one family. The richest and the poorest man are completely on a level; and although there are some immense fortunes in this country, I may challenge any one to point out the slightest difference in their respective manner toward each other.' Would that this picture of republican character were a faithful transcript of the features of our time! We should be glad, did our limits permit, to collate numerous passages from his correspondence, to show how dear to the heart of this peer of the 'nobility of nature,' were those simple habits and manners, from which we have, as a nation, so widely departed. Thank heaven, he did not live to behold the great and increasing change.

The letters of Lafayette to General WASHINGTON, contained in the present volume, were penned in English, with which the marquis was but imperfectly acquainted, and are presented precisely as written. He does not, of course, overcome the troublesome idioms; but the reader will often be struck with the happy combinations of expressions, and pleasing involutions of sentences; while there is now and then to be met with a new-coined word, than which nothing could be more expressive. Such an one is contained in his objections to a military court-martial, wherein he asks General Washington if it is 'right forever to _ridiculize_ a man of respectable rank, simply for drinking two or three gills of rum.' We here segregate this word, and introduce it to the American reader, with the hope that it will speedily become nationalized. It is different from, and better than, 'ridiculed.'

The correspondence, contained in the volume under notice, is brought down to the year 1781. The letters to Madame Lafayette, while they breathe the tenderest affection, yet burn with that noble disinterestedness and devotion to the cause of freedom, which characterized the life of the writer; while his epistles to General Washington, whether detailing reverses, expressing fears, or announcing glad tidings, are full of the warmest expressions of friendship, which time only served to rivet into an attachment that waxed stronger and stronger until death. Two extracts from Washington's answers to the letters of his renowned compeer, must close our notice of this admirable book. The first is from an epistle written soon after the marquis's first return to France:

"It gave me infinite pleasure to hear from your sovereign,
and of the joy which your safe arrival in France had diffused
among your friends. I had no doubt that this would be the
case; to hear it from yourself, adds pleasure to the account;
and here my dear friend, let me congratulate you on your new,
honorable, and pleasing appointment in the army commanded by
the Count de Vaux, which I shall accompany with an assurance
that none can do it with more warmth of affection, or sincere
joy, than myself. Your forward zeal in the cause of liberty;
your singular attachment to this infant world; your ardent and
persevering efforts, not only in America, but since your return
to France, to serve the United States; your polite attention
to Americans, and your strict and uniform friendship for me,
have ripened the first impressions of esteem and attachment
which I imbibed for you, into such perfect love and gratitude,
as neither time nor absence can impair. This will warrant my
assuring you that, whether in the character of an officer at
the head of a corps of gallant Frenchmen, if circumstances
should require this; whether as a major-general, commanding a
division of the American army; or whether, after our swords and
spears have given place to the plough-share and pruning-hook, I
see you as a private gentleman, a friend and companion, I shall
welcome you with all the warmth of friendship to Columbia's
shores; and, in the latter case, to my rural cottage, where
homely fare and a cordial reception shall be substituted for
delicacies and costly living.

"I have a great pleasure in the visit which the Chevalier de la
Luzerne and Monsieur Marbois did me the honor to make at this
camp; concerning both of whom I have imbibed the most favorable
impressions, and I thank you for the honorable mention you made
of me to them. The chevalier, till he had announced himself
to congress, did not choose to be received in his public
character; if he had, except paying him military honors, it was
not my intention to depart from that plain and simple manner
of living which accords with the real interest and policy of
men struggling under every difficulty for the attainment of the
most inestimable blessing of life, _liberty_. The chevalier
was polite enough to approve my principle, and condescended to
appear pleased with our Spartan living. In a word, he made us
all exceedingly happy by his affability and good humor, while
he remained in camp.

"You are pleased, my dear marquis, to express an earnest
desire of seeing me in France, after the establishment of our
independency, and do me the honor to add, that you are not
singular in your request. Let me entreat you to be persuaded,
that, to meet you any where, after the final accomplishment of
so glorious an event, would contribute to my happiness; and
that to visit a country to whose generous aid we stand so much
indebted, would be an additional pleasure; but remember, my
good friend, that I am unacquainted with your language, that I
am too far advanced in years to acquire a knowledge of it, and
that to converse through the medium of an interpreter, upon
common occasions, especially with the ladies, must appear so
extremely awkward, insipid, and uncouth, that I can scarcely
bear it in idea. I will, therefore, hold myself disengaged for
the present; but when I see you in Virginia, we will talk of
this matter, and fix our plans.