Chapter XVI: Part II (5)

[255] In the crannogs of Cloonfinlough (2) there were found several bronze spear-heads; pins of great variety of form; a bowl hammered out of the solid (_ante_, p. 84); a fragment of another (_ante_, plate XVII., No. 3); two vessels composed of small pieces curiously rivetted together; a brooch of handsome workmanship (_ante_, p. 117); numerous bone pins and implements; combs of great artistic merit (_ante_, p. 113); discs and deer’s horns; knives, sickles, hatchets, swords, and spear-heads of iron; an implement made of sheet iron rivetted together, having in the centre a circular ornament with a cross, that evidently once had borne an arabesque pattern; many diminutive frying-pans; small whetstones; single and double bronze rings; a coin of the Emperor Hadrian; a Bulla of Pope Paul V.; several silver coins of the Edwards--one so late as James II.; also a silver coin, unfigured, it is stated, in any collection. From the same locality the following articles, purchased from Mrs. E. Devenish, Clonfinla House, Strokestown, are now in the British Museum:--A bronze dagger and brooch (_ante_, plate XXXV., Nos. 1 and 2); a plain brooch pin, 5¾ inches in length; fourteen bronze pins of varying size and shape; a cruciform object for attachment, diameter, 1⅞ inches; a harp pin, quatre-foil at one end, round at the other, which is pierced with a hole for the string, length, 2¾ inches; an iron bill-hook, penannular socket, one rivet-hole; a double axe (plate XXXV., No. 6); a spear-head much corroded, no rivet-hole, length, 7⅝ inches; an arrow-head (plate XXXV., No. 4); a knife with long handle, all of iron, length, 7¼ inches; a gouge and chisel combined, length, 9 inches; a gouge, 7⅛ inches; a pair of shears, length, 7¼ inches; a piece of iron with remains of loop handle, length, 4½ inches; a circular pan with straight handles, remains of a loop at the end, length, 7 inches; diameter, 3½ inches; a key, openwork handle, length, 2⅛ inches; a stone chessman (_ante_, p. 132); a sharpener, grey in colour, square in section, decreasing to each end, length, 4¾ inches; a flat bead of dark-grey shale, diameter, ½ inch; a bone scoop resembling No. 8, on plate VI., and having two rivet-holes at butt, ornamented with group of four dots, length, 5⅞ inches; a curved pin of bone, with flattened head, length, 4⅜ inches; a second pin about half that size; two needles of bone, varying in length from 3⅝ to 2⅞ inches; a ring of stag’s horn (plate XXXV., No. 5); draughtsmen of stag’s horn (p. 131, figs. 176, 177); a wooden peg, roughly cut, length, 2½ inches; a bucket stave, with marks of two bands on outside surface, and furrow for bottom on inside, length, 7⅝ inches; a single-piece leather shoe (plate XXXV., No. 7); a silver Scottish 20 shilling piece, _obv., crowned head of king_, to left in field XX--legend, CAR·D·G·MAG·BR·FR·ET·HIB·REX.--_R. crowned thistle_--legend, IVST·THRONVM·FIRMAT.

[256] The following “finds” from Ardakillen are deposited in the Museum, R. I. A.:--Numerous bone pins of various sizes and designs; twenty-two combs or fragments of same; a bone dart, six and a-half inches long; do., five and a-half inches long; do., four and three-quarter inches long; do., five inches long; a curved piece of deer’s horn, hollowed at the base, and another piece slightly longer; a tine of deer’s horn, hollowed at base; numerous harp-pins of bone (one is figured, _ante_, p. 125); a curious ovoid piece of bone, polished (_ante_, p. 105); the leg-bone of a deer, covered with carvings (plate XXXII.); a bronze brooch (_ante_, p. 117); a small slender torque-pattern ring (_ante_, p. 118); a bridle-bit (_ante_, p. 137); several whetstones; a very perfect, thin, narrow rapier-blade, double notches in handle-plate; beads of stone, bone, wood, porcelain, glass, and amber; numerous bronze pins; an oaken water-scoop, with a hollowed-out handle; a wooden mallet; some ogham-inscribed wooden objects.--_Journal Royal Hist. and Arch. Assoc. of Ireland_, vol. iii. (4th Series), p. 206.

[257] _Proceedings R. I. A._, vol. v., p. 214. _Cat. Mus., R. I. A._, p. 219.

[258] Unfortunately these remains in the Museum, R.I.A., cannot now be identified.

[259] The report on the skull has been most kindly furnished by A. W. Foot, M.D., Member, Royal Hist. and Arch. Association of Ireland.

[260] _Cat. Mus., R.I.A._, p. 110.

[261] _Proceedings, R.I.A._, vol. v., Appendix, lix. _Cat. Mus., R.I.A._, p. 552.

[262] Another name for Glencar lake. This crannog lies within the bounds of the Co. Leitrim. The more ancient name of Glencar, as used by the _Four Masters_, was _Cairthe Mulchean_, i.e. Mulchan’s Pillar-stone. _Gleann-a-Chairthe_, pronounced Glencarna, and _Glen Dallain_, signify the Glen of the Pillar-stone.

[263] _Irish Names of Places_ (2nd Series), p. 7. P. W. Joyce.

INDEX.

Aberdeenshire, crannogs in, 15, 32.

Achill Island, crannog in, 230-32.

Adze, iron, 67, 69, 176.

African tribes, pile dwellings of, 22-23.

Aghakilconnel Lough, crannog in, 243.

Aghaloughan Bog, crannog in, 163.

Aghnamullen, crannog of, 135, 193.

Ahoghill, crannog near, 165.

Amazon, pile dwellings on the, 22.

Amber beads, 118, 122, 195, 200 n., 201 n., 205 n., 233 n., 237 n.

Amulets, 116, 117, 177, 206, 207.

Amusements, 36: _see_ chess, counters, discs, games.

Anchors, canoe, 51.

Ancient forests cut down, 4, 189.

Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings: _see_ Munro.

Anderson, Professor, 174.

Ankle fetters, 238: _see_ fetters.

Annagh, crannog of, 212.

Annagh (Sligo), 248.

Annaghclone, 126.

Annaghcloy Point, crannog at, 246.

Antlers: _see_ deer.

Antrim, barony of, 173.

Antrim, county, 33, 35, 37, 44, 45, 48, 58, 110, 120, 121, 124,
141, 170.

Antrim, county, crannogs in, 152-3, 163-177.

Anvil, 166, 168.

Apamæan lake, pile dwellings on the, 18-19.

Arabesque pattern, 235 n.

_Archæologia_, VIII., 41 n.

Ardakillen, crannog of, 59, 60, 62, 90, 105, 118, 135, 137, 142,
154, 233, 236-39.

Ardbrin, crannog of, 126, 177.

Ardbrin, crannog of, trumpet from, 126.

Ardmach: _see_ Armagh.

Ardmore, crannog at, 29, 216-17.

Ardnahue, kitchen midden at, 74.

Argyleshire, crannogs in, 32, 89.

Armagh, county, crannogs in, 178.

Armagh, crannog near, 147.

Armagh, crannog near, attack on, 147-8.

Armillæ, 204 n.

Armour, 69, 72, 177, 196 n., 209 n.

Arran, Isles of, 36.

Arrow-heads, bone, 80, 237 n.

Arrow-heads, bronze, 196 n., 205 n., 242.

Arrow-heads, iron, 144, 179, 186, 235 n.

Arrow-heads, stone, 40, 45, 225 n., 227 n.

Arrow-heads, wooden, 200.

Arterial Drainage Commission, crannogs discovered by the, 77, 179,
193, 205, 207, 218, 233, 240.

Articles, miscellaneous, 163, 185 n., 204 n., 206 n.

Ash island, 227.

Ash spear-shafts, 174.

Ashes, 42, 43, 194, 196, 198, 214, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227 n.,
228, 236.

Attacks on crannogs, 36, 88 n., 147, 148-9, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 229, 244.

Aughamore, crannog of, 206.

Auglish, crannog of, 187.

Austria, lake dwellings in, resemble Irish, 11, 12-13.

Auvernier, 89.

Axe-heads, bone, 45, 59, 60, 191.

Axe-heads, bronze, 202 n.

Axe-heads, iron, 141, 144, 164, 168 n., 199 n., 204 n., 206 n.,
209, 210 n., 227 n., 233, 235 n.

Axe-heads, stone, 59, 167, 192.

Axis, stone, 142.

Ayrshire, crannogs in, 32, 104.

Aztecs, pile dwellings of the, 19.

Baccinums, 204.

Baiæ, bay of, 217.

Baile-an-locha, crannog of, 152.

Baked clay pot-cover, 94.

Balhu, ogham name of, 134-5.

Ballaghmore, crannog of, 186.

Ballinacarriga, crannog of, 136, 206.

Ballinafad, crannog of, 34, 229.

Ballinahinch, crannog of, 28, 34, 229.

Ballinakill, parish of, 221.

Ballinamallard, crannog near, 81, 87.

Ballinderry, crannog of, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 75, 108, 109, 114, 133,
139, 142, 146, 207.

Ballinderry crannog, unique pins from, 106-8, 109, 110, 111.

Ballindoon, crannogs near, 245-6.

Ballinlough, crannogs in, 32, 73, 150, 221-4, 234.

Ballintlea, glass beads from, 124.

Ballintoy, crannog in, 153.

Ballintoy, sand-hills of, 177.

Ballyalbanagh, wooden roadway in, 44.

Ballybetagh, 6.

Ballybollen, crannog near, 167.

Ballydoolough, crannog of, 37, 92, 95, 96, 132, 133, 181, 183,
188, 190.

Ballydoolough crannog, pottery at, 89, 95, 96, 97.

Ballydoolough crannog, pottery resembling a sepulchral urn, 102.

Ballydoolough crannog, wooden vessels from, 102.

Ballygawley, crannog of, 246-8.

Ballyhoe Lake, crannogs in, 193, 195, 207.

Ballykeine Bog, 102.

Ballykillen Bog, 45, 60.

Ballykinler, crannog of, 177-178.

Ballylough, crannog of, 152.

Ballymena, crannog near, 142, 169.

Ballymote, the Book of, 104.

Ballynamintra, cave of, 234.

Ballywillen Lough, crannog in, 154.

Ballywoolen, crannog of, 178.

Balls of stone, 183.

Banagh, barony of, 180.

Band, iron, 183 n.

Bann, river, 135, 155, 165, 170.

Barnes, pile-dwellings at, 18.

Barton, 169.

Barton Mere, pile-dwellings at, 18.

Basket-work: _see_ wicker-work.

Bavaria, lake dwellings in, 11.

Bead, lead, 123.

Beads, amber, 118, 122-3, 195, 200 n., 201 n., 205 n., 233 n., 237 n.

Beads, bone, 122, 199 n., 207, 237 n.

Beads, earthenware, 122-3.

Beads, glass, 124, 164, 168 n., 195, 201 n., 205 n., 237 n.

Beads, jet, 122, 205 n.

Beads of various materials, 122-4, 168 n.

Beads, porcelain, 205 n., 237 n.

Beads, stone, 122, 235 n., 237 n.

Beads, wood, 122, 237 n.

Beams, mortised, radial, stretcher, etc., 163, 166, 178, 181, 183,
184, 187, 192, 198, 207, 208, 214, 223, 224, 226, 231, 233, 241,
245, 247.

Bede, 36.

Bedell, bishop, 203.

Belfast Field-club, 173.

Belfast Museum, 142, 164, 173, 219.

Bell, circular, 196 n.

Ben-Bulben, 243-4.

Bench, stone, 225.

Benn Collection, 142.

Benn, E., 142, 168.

Begerin, 44.

Belcoo, crannog near, 188.

Bellarush, 246.

Bighorn: _see Megaceros_.

Bilberry, 231.

Billy, parish of, 152.

Bird-headed ornamentation, 67, 118.

Bits, bridle, 136-7, 181, 237 n.

Bittern, 8.

Blackberries, 73 n.

Black Sea, 10.

Blake Island, 225.

Boar, 4, 73, 74, 168 n., 178 n., 182, 185 n., 190, 199 n., 204,
225 n., 226, 233 n., 241, 245, 246.

Boat lough: _see_ Pad-lough.

Bodkins, 164, 205 n., 206 n.

Bogs of Ireland, 4.

Bohermeen, crannog of, 81, 171, 204.

Boho, 187.

Bolts, bronze, 81, 206 n.

Bone implements, 59, 60, 80, 188, 219, 337 n.

Bone Island, 89, 184, 185 n.

Bone, spatula-shaped, 206 n.

Bone spoon, 140.

Bones, 88, 172, 182, 184, 187, 188, 190, 199, 205, 208, 214, 222,
223, 224, 225 n., 228, 232, 234, 236, 241, 244, 245, 248.

Bones, broken for the marrow, 46, 187.

Bones, calcined, 201, 225, 248.

Bones, immense quantities of sold as manure, 46, 205, 236.

Borris-in-Ossory, 70, 77.

_Bos frontosus_, 204.

_Bos longifrons_, 70, 66, 182, 190, 204, 234, 245, 246, 248:
_see_ Oxen.

Bosphorus, pile-dwellings on the, 19.

Boss-like objects, 177, 196 n.

Bowl, bronze, 85, 204 n., 234 n., 235 n.

Bowl, wooden, 168.

Box, rude, 208.

Bracelets, 121, 123, 191, 200 n., 201 n.

_Brachi cephalic_ crania, 238.

Brandenburg, lake dwellings in, 11.

Breagho, crannog of, 4, 82, 187, 234.

Brian Borumha, 27, 156-7.

Brick, 218 n.

Britain, lake dwellings in, 15.

British Museum, crannog objects in, 143-4, 218, 235 n.

British Museum, register of, 177.

Brittas, crannog near, 210.

_Bro_: _see_ Querns.

_Brochs_ of Scotland, 174.

Bronze age, 30, 55-6, 160.

Bronze age, animal ornamentation rare in, 113.

Bronze age, chronology undetermined, 30.

Bronze age, overlapping of the, 160.

Bronze and iron age, 174.

Bronze objects, 116, 119, 142, 177, 183, 196 n., 201 n.

Brooch, bronze, shape unchanged for ages, 143.

Brooch, of mixed metal, 183.

Brooch, silver, 121, 164.

Brooches, bronze, 117, 118, 143, 206 n., 235 n., 237 n.

Broughderg, 87.

Broughshane, Canon Grainger’s Museum at, 82, 173.

Brute force, sway of, 3.

Buckets, 231, 232, 235 n.

Buckle, bronze, 233 n.

Bulla, 235 n.

Buried cities, legends of, 28-9, 193, 225, 248, 249.

Burnisher: _see_ Polishing-stone.

Burt, crannog near, 181.

Buteshire, crannogs in, 32, 44.

Butter, bog, 79.

Button, bronze, 141.

Butts of spear-shafts, 63-4, 173, 196 n., 233 n.

Cable pattern, 121, 195.

Cæsar, 18, 57.

_Caislen-na-caillighe_, 33, 34, 229.

Caledonian forests, 9.

Caledonians and Romans, wars of the, 3, 171.

Camlough, crannog in, 178.

Cangort Park, crannog near, 213.

Canoes, 46, 67, 126, 163, 166, 167, 168, 172, 173, 178, 183, 183 n.,
186, 193, 203, 204, 206, 228, 234, 237, 240, 242.

Canoes at Ardagh, 49.

Canoes at Ardakillen, 43, 50 n., 237.

Canoes at Ballinderry, 50 n., 206.

Canoes at Ballydoolough, 183 n.

Canoes at Cahore, 48-49.

Canoes at Cornagall, 48, 50 n., 76.

Canoes at Derryhollagh, 48, 50 n., 163.

Canoes at Drumdarragh, 50 n., 183.

Canoes at Drumgay, 50 n., 183.

Canoes at Drumkeery, 50 n., 201.

Canoes at Drumaleague, 50 n., 240.

Canoes at Kilnock, 50 n., 167.

Canoes at Lough Annagh, 50, 210.

Canoes at Lough Erne, 49, 50.

Canoes at Lough Eyes, 50 n.

Canoes at Lough Faughan, 50 n., 178.

Canoes at Lough Mourne, 50, 172-3.

Canoes at Lough Owel, 47, 48, 50 n.

Canoes at Loughrea, 50 n., 228.

Canoes at Lough Rinn, 50 n., 242.

Canoes at Lough Rossole, 49.

Canoes at Loughtamand, 50 n., 193.

Canoes at Miracles, 50 n., 193.

Canoes at Moinenoe, 50 n., 193.

Canoes at Moynalty, 48, 50 n., 195.

Canoes at Randalstown, 50, 168.

Canoes at Sligo, 50 n.

Canoes at Toomebar, 48, 50 n., 172-173.

Canoes, dock for, 201.

Canoes, fleet of, 46 n., 218.

Canoes, perforated with holes, 48, 173.

Canoes, portable, 49 n., 50.

Canoes, various form of, 47.

Canoes, wanton destruction of, 50, 183 n., 237.

Cappagh, cave of, 5.

_Capra hircus_: _see_ Goat.

Carbonate of lime, 248.

Cargaghoge, crannog of, 36, 42, 43, 195.

Cargin’s Lough, crannog in, 154.

Carlingwark Loch, 29.

Carlow, county, 74.

Caroline Islands, pile-dwellings in the, 20.

Carrickfergus, 171.

Carrickmacross, 42, 193, 196.

Carved bones, 205 n., 237 n.

Castleblakeney, 54.

Castleconnell, 44.

Castleforbes, crannog near, 33, 206.

Castlefore Lough, crannog in, 243.

Castles, antipathy of the Irish to, 146.

Castles, erected on crannogs, 33-4, 203.

Cattle kept in crannogs, 79.

Cauldrons, 82, 166, 187.

Causeways to crannogs, 166, 167, 172, 190, 193, 194, 199, 207,
224, 226.

Cavan, 203.

Cavan, county, 35, 48, 67, 69, 73, 154, 155, 157, 197, 203.

Cavancarragh, 100.

Celebes, pile-dwellings in the, 20.

Celtic, trumpet pattern, 117.

Celts, bronze, 181, 195, 106 n.

Celts, iron, 163.

Celts, stone, 59, 164, 169, 181, 192, 195, 196, 219 n., 227.

_Cervus alces_, 6.

_Cervus elaphus_: _see_ Deer, red.

_Cervus tarandus_, 6.

Chanter Hill: _see_ Moinenoe.

Charcoal, 172, 184, 187, 188, 201, 216, 207, 248.

Charms, 172, 245.

Cherry Island, 184.

Cherry stones, 73, 223.

Chert spear-heads, 194, 225 n.

Chess, 128-132.

Chess, a favourite amusement, 128.

Chess, anecdotes of, 129.

Chess-board of human bones, 130.

Chess, fight at, 128.

Chess in the Pagan age, 129.

Chessman, stone, 132, 235 n.

Chips of wood, 214, 232.

Chisel, bronze, 196 n.

Chisel, iron, 210 n., 235 n.

Chisel, stone, 192.

Circlets, bronze, 119, 177.

Civilization, crannog, progressive, 160.

Clare co., crannogs in, 43, 219-220.

Cleveragh, 249.

Climatic changes, 6.

Cloch-Oughter Castle, 155, 203.

Clogher, barony of, 155.

Clogherny, crannog of, 179-80.

Cloneygonnel, crannog of, 104, 140, 197-199.

Cloonbo Lough, crannog in, 243.

Cloonboniagh Lough, 243.

Cloonfinnan Lough, crannog in, 243.

Cloonfree, crannog of, 82, 233.

Cloonfinlough, crannog of, 5, 82, 84, 89, 90, 113, 135, 143, 144,
233, 236.

Cloonloch, crannog of, 154.

Cloonturk Lough, crannog in, 243.

Clothing of lake dwellers, 53.

Cloughwater, 169.

Coffee-pot shaped utensil, 33.

Coins, 135, 167, 194, 196, 207, 235 n., 236, 243.

Cold Ash Common, 18.

Coleraine, barony of, 178.

Colkitto, birthplace of, 153.

Colouring matter in Irish lake dwellings, 104, 223, 226 n.

Colouring matter in Scottish and Yorkshire lake dwellings, 104, 223,
226 n.

Combs, 113, 114, 179, 195, 199 n., 205 n., 206 n., 207 n., 235 n.

Combs, Irish, Swiss, and Roman, with dot and circle pattern, 113.

_Conmaicue Moyrein_, crannog in, 242.

Connaught, province of, great numbers of crannogs in, 145, 221-249.

Connaught, islands of, 157.

Coolcranoge, 28, 218.

Coolistown, barony of, 45.

Coolyermer, crannog of, 183.

Corcreevy, crannog of, 155-6, 179: _see_ Loch Laighaire.

Corduroy road, 44, 209.

Cornagall, crannog of, 67-8, 200.

Corn, burnt, 196 n.

Corn-crusher: _see_ querns.

Coulter, stone, 199 n.

Counters: _see_ Discs.

Craigs, parish of, 164-5.

Craigywarren, crannog of, 110, 177.

Coral, 245.

Crania: _see_ human remains.

Crannog, a modern term, 26.

Crannog, a townland name, 27.

Crannog, attempt to flood a, 149, 223-4.

Crannog-boy, crannog of, 28, 179, 180.

Crannog builders bound by no conventional engineering rule, 30.

Crannog, derivation of, 26.

Crannog fictilia, resemble mortuary, 99.

Crannog, first discovery of an Irish, 23.

Crannog Island, 28, 188, 243.

Crannog-na-n-Duini: _see_ Mevagh.

Crannog of Lough Leisi, 154.

Crannog of Mac Clancy, 154.

Crannog of Mac Gauran, 154.

Crannog of Mac Navin, 149-50, 229.

Crannog of O’Raighilligh, 155, 342.

Crannog sites unidentified, 177, 179, 193, 205, 207, 218.

Crannog, townland of, 28.

Crannoge, townland of, 150.

Crannogs, a list of, but of temporary value, 145.

Crannogs are of all ages, 30.

Crannogs, buoyant tendency of, 178, 180.

Crannogs, burnt, list of, 35.

Crannogs connected by causeways: _see_ causeways.

Crannogs damaged by tempests, 36, 154.

Crannogs, favourite sites for, 30.

Crannogs, greatest number in Ulster, 32.

Crannogs, highest development of, 145.

Crannogs, historical occupancy of, traced, 145-160.

Crannogs, numbers discovered in 1857, 26.

Crannogs, numbers discovered in 1885, 249.

Crannogs, mode of construction of, 30-31.

Crannogs occur in groups, 35, 172, 190.

Crannogs preferred to castles, 146.

Crannogs, submarine, 29, 215-217.

Crannogs, subsidence of, 31, 215-217, 224.

Crannogs, Wilde on the age of, 26.

Cranny, townland of, 179.

Creidné, the bronze worker, 174.

Cremorne, barony of, 151.

Croker, Crofton, 130, 150.

Cross, figure of the, 87, 89, 90, 126, 185, 202 n., 235 n.

Cross, wooden, 112.

Crossmaglen, crannog near, 178.

Crow Island, 246.

Crozier, bronze, 227 n.

Crucibles, 120, 141, 168, 172, 183, 192, 198, 200 n., 202 n., 227.

Crystal ornament, 195.

Cullina, crannog at, 110-111.

Curach, description of a, 51-53.

Dabaybe, tribe of, 19.

Daggers, bone, 65, 188.

Daggers, bronze, 65, 143, 163, 171, 196 n., 205, 206 n., 219 n., 235 n.

Daggers, iron, 65, 195, 210 n.

Dalaradia, 165.

Dalrieda, 165.

Danes and Irish, encounters between, 194.

Danes destroy crannogs, 57, 155-57.

Danish tobacco pipes, 200 n.

Dartry, barony of, 156.

Dawson’s, Dean, collection, 235.

Day, Alderman, 136.

Day, Robert, 169.

Deal forest age, 7.

De Boot, 120.

Deel river, crannog in, 205.

Deer, fallow, 234.

Deer, red, 74-75, 168 n., 178 n., 182, 185 n., 190, 199, 204, 205,
205 n., 219, 221, 226, 227 n., 235 n., 234, 237, 241, 244, 245,
246.

Denmark, lake dwellings in, 11.

Denudation of a crannog, 216.

Derreen Lake, crannog in, 233.

Derreskit Lough, crannog in, 203.

Derry, co., 103, 152, 169, 178, 181.

Derrygonnelly, crannogs near, 186.

Derryhollagh: _see_ Lough Ravel.

Desertmartin, 148.

Designs on bones, 138-140.

Designs on bones, their purpose problematical, 138-140.

Devenish, 90.

Discs, bone, 130-132, 235 n.

Discs, bronze, 71, 177.

Discs, flat earthenware, 190.

Discs, stone, 183 n., 199 n.

Discs, with dot and circle pattern, 130-131.

Dish, bronze, 166, 168 n.

Dish, wooden, 102, 163.

Distillation, crannogs used for illicit, 191, 224.

Divergent spiral ornamentation, 111.

Dixon, Rev. R. V., 179.

Dock for canoe, 201.

Dog, bones of, 168 n., 178 n., 204, 227, 234.

_Dolicho cephalic_ crania, 238.

Donagh, parish of, 151.

Donegal, co., 33, 39, 150, 151, 154, 80.

Doogort, crannog near, 230-232.

Door-bolt, iron, 210 n.

Dorei, pile-dwellings in, 20.

Dot and circle pattern, 106-7, 113-4, 115, 130-1, 206 n.

Dowalton, settlement of, 15-16.

Down, co., 92, 97, 126, 177, 178, 140, 141.

Dowris metal, 171 n.

Dowth, 87.

Draughtsmen: _see_ discs, chess.

Drinking-cup, 205 n.

_Drom-adharach_: _see_ oxen.

Dross, metallic, 198.

Droughtville, crannog near, 207.

Drowned, chief going to a crannog, 152.

Drowned, guards, 154.

Drowned island, 28.

Drumaleague Lake, crannogs in, 36, 240-1.

Drumdarragh, crannog of, 59, 100, 183.

Drumgay, crannog of, 80, 87, 89, 90, 93, 184-186, 188, 190.

Drumkeelin, crannog at, 39, 180.

Drumkeery Lough, crannogs in, 35, 91, 200-202.

Drummaul, 167.

Drumskimley, crannogs at, 100, 186.

Drumsloe, crannogs of, 59, 82, 87, 186.

Dug-outs: _see_ canoes.

Dumfries, crannogs in, 32.

Dun Ængus, 36.

Dunboe, parish of, 178.

Duncan’s flow bog, 44.

Dungannon, 6, 88.

Dunn, Right Hon. General, 210.

Dunshaughlin: _see_ Lagore.

Dwellings: _see_ huts.

Dyaks, pile-dwellings of the, 21.

Dyeing, the art of, 104.

_Eamhain_, 81, 232.

Early allusion to crannogs, 157-9.

Earthenware: _see_ pottery.

East Omagh, barony of, 179.

Eel spears, 144-45.

Effernan, crannog near, 43, 219-220.

_Elephas primigenius_, 6, 54-55.

Elizabeth, Queen, repulse of her troops from a crannog, 36, 147-8.

Elk, Irish: _see_ Megaceros.

Elk hole, 5.

_Emania_: _see_ Eamhain.

Enamel, 66, 119, 137-8.

Enamel, Irish resembles British, 138.

Enamel, Philostratus on, 138.

Enamelled iron, 138, 205.

Enniskillen, 69, 183, 184, 186, 187, 187 n., 188.

Enniskillen Castle, remains of a crannog near, 151.

Enniskillen, Earl of, 182 n., 183.

_Eo_: _see_ brooch.

_Equus asinus_: _see_ ass.

_Equus cabalus_: _see_ horse.

Erin, first dwellers in, 3, 250.

Erny Lough: _see_ Glaslough.

Esker of Goig, 44.

Euphrates, pile dwellings on the, 11.

Fæces of cattle, 78.

Fairy mill-stones: _see_ whorls.

Fastening, dress, 141-142.

Feenagh, townland of, 164.

Fermanagh, county, 37, 70, 73, 81, 82, 87, 88, 94, 100, 146, 181, 194.

Ferrule, 199 n., 218, 219 n.

Fettered captives, 238.

Fetters, gilt, 238.

Fetters, iron and bronze, 61, 179, 204 n., 237, 238, 242.

Fibulæ, 118, 164, 181, 193, 196, 199 n., 205.

Fictile ware: _see_ pottery.

_Fidh-inis_, 4.

Fillet, bronze, 183.

_Findruin_, 206 n., 207.

Fireplaces: _see_ hearths.

Fireplaces on shores of lakes, 90, 191, 202.

Fir platter, 102.

Fishing implements, 80-81, 144-145, 195.

Flax, 105.

Fleet of canoes, 46, 228.

Flesh-fork, iron, 83.

Flint arrow-heads, 40, 45, 100, 194, 195.

Flint cores, 58, 170, 233.

Flint flakes, 42, 172, 192.

Flint implements, 58-9, 101, 194, 195.

Flooding crannogs, 149, 223-4.

Flooring, 32, 198, 223-4, 234, 241.

Foote, A. W., M.D., 238-9, 248.

Forests, 6-7, 188, 189, 244, 247.

Forests, submerged, 194, 220.

Forfar, crannogs in, 32.

Fork, bone, 206 n.

Fomorians, 173, 174.

Fort Lough, crannog of, XXII., 181.

Fossils, 172, 245.

Fowl, bones of, 233 n.

Fox, 75, 204.

France, lake dwellings in, 11.

Funshinagh Lough, crannog in, 243.

_Fusus antiquus_, 204.

Galbally, crannog of, 60-61, 180.

Gallagh, 54.

Galway, barony of, 217.

Galway, county, 33, 36, 54, 103, 122, 150, 221.

Games: _see_ chess, discs.

Gangways to crannogs, 43-45, 190, 220, 234.

Gangways, various forms of, 44-45.

Garvogue river, 248.

_Gearr-adharach_: _see_ oxen.

Gocktscha lake, pile-dwellings in the, 11.

Geometrical decoration, 89.

Geographical distribution of Irish lake-dwellings, 161, 250.

Gilding, 196 n., 238.

Gillespie, Dr., 83.

Gillistown, 167.

Glaslough, crannog in, 151, 195.

Glass beads, 122, 124, 125, 164, 177, 194, 195, 201 n., 205 n.

Glass beads of all colours, 122.

Glass beads of native manufacture, 125.

Glass, lumps of, found, 125.

Glass, ornamental, 168 n.

Glencar, crannogs of, 104, 153-4, 243-245.

Glyde river, 193, 207.

Goat, 75, 168 n., 178 n., 185 n., 190, 204, 219 n., 234.

Goibniu the smith, 173-4.

Gold, bronze spear ornamented with, 218.

Gold in crannogs, 157.

Gold ornaments, 120, 166.

Golden age, 55.

Golden bronze, 117, 232, 237.

Goose, bones of, 225 n.

Goromna Island, 33.

Gortacarnam, townland of, 224.

Gortalough, crannog of, 37, 186.

Gouges, 196 n., 235 n.

Grain, 73, 196 n.: _see_ Corn.

Grainger, Canon, Museum of, 64, 173.

Granite, object of, 141.

Granard, crannog near, 206.

Grantstown, crannog at, 208.

Graves, Rev. James, 71, 108, 116, 173, 174, 209, 212.

Greybeard, 196 n.

Grinding stones: _see_ whetstones.

Green Lough, crannog in, 152.

Grosses Island, 106.

Gun-barrels, 195, 228.

Gypsum, 208.

Hadrian, coin of, the Emperor, 135, 235 n.

Hafts, sword, 60, 61, 62, 174-5 n.

Hag’s Castle, 33-34.

Hair-pins, bronze, 196 n.

Hair-pins, wooden, 111-112.

Halbert, iron, 210 n.

Hall, Mr. and Mrs. J. C., 181 n.

Hammer-headed pins, 110-111.

Hammer stones, 58, 73, 179, 192, 194.

Hammers, iron, 67, 166, 199 n.

Handles, bone, 206 n., 219 n.

Handles, stone, 168 n.

Handles, wooden, 50, 196 n., 219 n.

Handmills: _see_ querns.

Harkness, Professor, 200.

Harp-pins, 125, 126, 196, 235 n., 237 n.

Harps, 125-6, 206.

Hatchets: _see_ axes.

Hazel nuts, 73, 214, 223, 224, 225 n., 227 n., 228, 248.

Hazel rods, 214, 223, 224, 248.

Hearths, 31, 163, 172, 178, 186, 187, 196, 197, 220, 225, 226 n.,
227 n., 240, 241.

Heath Lodge, crannog near, 203.

Herodotus, on lake dwellings, 10-11.

Hippocrates, on lake dwellings, 10.

Historical notices of crannogs, 23, 27, 145-160, 202, 236, 238, 241,
242, 244, 248.

Holderness, lake dwellings in, 17.

Holland, lake dwellings in, 159.

Holly Island, 187 n.

Hones, 69, 196 n., 227 n., 228.

_Horæ Ferales_, 174.

Horse, bones of the, 75, 204, 234.

Horse furniture, 136-8, 183 n., 196 n., 233.

Horse-shoes, 168 n., 183 n., 233 n.

Household economy, 81-105.

Houses, stone, on crannogs, 36, 165.

Human race, duration of, 1.

Human remains, 90, 204, 234, 237-239.

Hungary, lake dwellings in, 11.

Huts, crannog, 23, 36-37, 167, 172, 181-182, 186, 192, 210-11,
223, 231.

Iar Connaught, 122.

Implements, bone and iron, 169, 226 n., 227 n., 235 n.

Implements, bronze, 169.

Implements, stone, 214.

Implements, stone and iron, found together, 169.

Importance of crannogs, 157.

_Inis-an-Lochain_, crannog of, 152.

Inis Floinn burnt, 152.

Inish, 28.

Inishee, 188.

Inishrush, crannog of, 181.

Iniskeel, parish of, 180.

Iniskeen, 158, 207.

_Inis-Lachain_, crannog of, 155.

_Inis-Laodhachain_, crannog of, 155.

_Inis-locha-Burrann_, crannog of, 153.

_Inis-locha-Leithinnsi_, crannog of, 153.

_Inis-Mic-David_, 152.

_Inis-Muinremhar_, crannog of, 157.

_Inis-na-ghaill-dubh_, 156.

_Inis-o-Lynn_: _see_ Lough Shillen.

_Inis-ua-Fhloinne_: _see_ Lough Shillen.

Inscribed stone, 183.

_Insula fortificata_, 30, 163, 164 n., 165, 167.

Interlacing tracery, not antecedent to Christianity, 116.

Inver, parish of, 39, 180.

Irish beads resemble Scottish, 124.

Irish lake dwellings, continuous use of, 145.

Irish prefer crannogs to castles, 146.

Iron age, 144, 174.

Iron age, articles of the, 83, 112, 141, 142, 193, 195, 199 n.

Iron age, form of brooches in the, 144.

Iron, cross on, 89.

Iron lamp, 142.

Iron ore, pieces of, 202 n.

Iron pins, 105, 111, 141, 233 n.

Iron shears: _see_ shears.

Iron vessels, 81, 166.

Island Lough, 207.

Island M’Coo, 228.

Japan, pile-dwellings in, 21.

Jasper, 120, 199 n.

Javelins: _see_ spears.

Jet, articles of, 121, 122, 123, 142, 169, 177, 191, 201 n., 205 n.

Jetties on crannogs, 46, 201, 233.

Jewelled ornament, 195.

Joristown, crannog at, 205.

Joyce, Irish names of places, 27, 134, 135 n., 157, 158, 249.

Jupiter Serapis, Temple of, 217.

Kamtschatka, pile-dwellings in, 21.

Keller, Dr. F., 13, 18, 49 n., 81, 124.

Kemble, 174.

Kew, pile-dwellings at, 18.

Keys, iron, 210 n., 233, 235 n.

Kilbride, Rev. W., 26, 217.

Kilcumreragh, parish of, 205.

Kilglass, crannog of, 233.

Killeevan, parish of, 83, 151.

Killeigh, 207 n.

Killucan, parish of, 205.

Killukin, parish of, 154.

Killynure, crannog of, 187.

Kilmean, parish of, 154.

Kilmore Lake, crannogs in, 169.

Kilmore, parish of, 197.

Kilnamaddo, crannog of, 37-39, 192.

Kilnock, crannog of, 37, 45, 166-167.

Kiltubrid Castle, 207.

Kimmage-coal rings, 200 n.

Kinmay lough, crannog of, 229.

Kinahan, G. H., 7, 27, 150, 215, 216, 217, 221, 224, 225, 229.

King’s Co., 45, 207, 208, 212.

Kinnegad river, 237.

Kircudbright, crannogs in, 32.

Kitchen middens, 38, 45, 46, 71, 178 n., 182, 201, 204, 217, 225,
241, 248.

Kitchen middens, mines of antiquities, 46.

Knives, bone, 59, 206 n., 235 n.

Knives, bronze, 65, 142, 169, 196 n.

Knives, iron, 83, 141, 168 n., 183 n., 199 n., 204 n., 227, 234, 235.

Knockany, crannog of, 156, 218.

Knockmore, 87.

Knowles, W. J., 125.

Lacustrine period? was there a purely, 159.

Ladle, bronze, 82, 210 n.

Ladle, iron, 84, 85, 204 n.

Lagan river, 193.

Lagore, crannog of, 23-5, 35, 46, 56-7, 59, 63, 65, 68, 75, 78, 83,
84, 85, 90, 110, 204, 205 n., 238.

Lagore, crannog of, derivation of name, 157.

Lagore, crannog of, destroyed by fire, 25, 35, 157.

Lagore, crannog of, first discovery of, 23-25.

Lagore, crannog of, mass of bones from, 24.

Lagore, crannog of, objects, use unknown, 143.

Lagore, crannog of, undiscovered sites at, 157.

Lagore, crannog of, weapons from, 24, 61, 63, 112.

Lake country: _see_ Fermanagh.

Lake dwellings, age of, VII., 9, 250.

Lake dwellings, area of, 145-146, 249-250.

Lake dwellings, classical writers on, 11.

Lake dwellings, of all countries, 10-23.

Lake dwellings, Swiss, Scottish, and Irish, identity of, 11-15, 73 n.

Lake Moyhrga, pile dwellings in, 22-23.

Lake Prasias, pile dwellings in, 10-11.

Lake Rossole, crannog in, 193.

Lakes, contraction and expansion of, 7-9.

Lamps, 142, 168, 235.

Lanark, crannogs in, 32.

Landing stages: _see_ jetties.

Langrishe, R., 208.

Lankhill, crannog of, 187-88.

_Lapis Hibernicus_, 120.

_Lapis Lydius_, 120.

Lead, articles of, 123, 193, 194, 195.

Leather cloaks, 54, 129.

Lecale, barony of, 178.

Leesborough Lake, crannog in, 196.

Leinster, crannogs in, 204-211, 249.

Leitrim, county, crannogs in, 36, 48, 72, 150, 152, 153, 134,
238, 240-2.

Leitrim, barony of, 221.

Lenaghan, crannog of, 188.

Lestar, 100.

Lett, H. W., 178 n.

Letters, ancient, on crannogs, 146-8, 152.

Letterbreen, 183.

Lettered cave, 87.

Leucophibia, 16.

Limerick, county, 44, 71, 74, 83, 156, 218-219.

Limpets, 204.

Lindisfarn, bishop of, 36.

Linen, 105.

Linlithgow, crannogs in, 32.

Lisanisk, crannog of, 151, 195.

Lisbellaw, crannog near, 134-135, 188-191.

Lisnacroghera, crannog of, 33, 58, 60, 63, 65, 68, 71, 84, 104,
109, 116, 119, 173-177.

Llangorse Lake, pile-dwelling in, 18.

Loch-an-Scuir: _see_ Lough Scur.

Loch Cairgin, 154.

Loch Crannoige, 154.

Loch-da-Damh, 158, 203.

Loch Dowalton, 15-16.

Loch Kinord, 15.

Loch Laodhachain, 155.

Loch Laighaire, 155-156.

Loch-n-Uaithne: _see_ Lough Ooney.

Loch-na-Cloyduff, 87.

Loch-na-Cula, 238.

Loch of Forfar, 130.

Loch Quien, 44 n.

Loch Ruidhe, 155.

Loch Saiglend, 156.

Lochan Eilean, 15.

Lochanacrannog, 27-28, 246.

Lochinadorb, 15.

Lochlea, 104, 155-156.

Lockwood, W. T., 172.

Log houses: _see_ huts.

London, pile dwellings in, 17, 250.

Londonderry, 148.

Longford, co., 33, 206.

Loops, bronze, 177, 232.

Lorony, pile dwellings at, 20.

Lough Aconnick, crannog in, 203.

Lough Acrussil, crannog in, 187.

Lough Annagh, crannogs in, 23, 69, 208-210.

Lough Arrow, crannogs in, 245-246.

Lough Betha: _see_ Lough Veagh.

Lough Bola, 34, 229.

Lough Cam, 35, 229.

Lough Cend, 156.

Lough Cimbe, 36, 157, 229.

Lough Crannagh, 28, 177.

Lough Crannog, 203.

Lough Derg, 212.

Lough Erne, 184, 187 n.

Lough Eyes, crannogs in, 59, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 99, 100, 123,
135, 188-191.

Lough Falcon, or Faughan, crannog in, 92, 137, 178.

Lough Fea, crannog in, 193.

Lough Foyle, 151.

Lough Gill, 248-249.

Lough Guile, crannog in, 141-2, 169.

Lough Gur, crannog in, 6, 25, 27, 63, 69, 74, 78, 150, 156.

Lough Gur, crannog in, repaired, 27.

Lough Gur, crannog in, siege of, 150.

Lough Gur, discovery in, 25.

Lough Hackett, crannog in, 36, 157, 229.

Lough Hilbert, 33.

Lough-inis-olyn: _see_ Lough Shillen.

Lough Leisi, crannog in, 154.

Lough Lynch, crannog in, 152, 177.

Lough Lynch, birthplace of Colkitto, 153.

Lough Mac Hugh, crannogs in, 243.

Lough Macnean, crannogs in, 28, 188.

Lough Mask, 33.

Lough Melvin, crannog in, 154.

Lough Monnachin, crannog in, 151, 195.

Lough Mourne, crannogs in, 171, 173.

Lough Mucknoe, crannog in, 151, 195.

Lough-na-Glack, crannog in, 81, 195.

Lough Nahinch, crannog in, 32, 35, 44, 73, 212, 215.

Lough Naneevin, crannog in, 32, 224-225.

Lough Neagh, 28, 169.

Lough Neagh, islands of, 157.

Lough Ooney, crannog in, 156, 193.

Lough Oughter, crannogs in, 155, 203.

Lough Owel, crannog in, 47-8, 206.

Lough Ramor, crannogs in, 73, 157, 202.

Lough Ravel, crannog in, 46, 58, 118, 124, 163-4, 177.

Lough Rinn, crannog of, 242.

Lough Ronel, crannog of, 177.

Lough Ross, crannog of, 178.

Lough Rouskey, crannog of, 151.

Lough Sallagh, 242.

Lough Scur, crannog of, 72, 240, 241-2.

Lough Shillen, crannog of, 148-9, 181.

Lough Shillen, crannog of, attack on the, 148-9.

Lough Swilly, 181.

Lough Veagh, crannog in, 154, 180.

Lough Yoan, crannog in, 187.

Loughan Island, 67, 136-7, 152, 155, 181.

Loughannaderriga, crannog in, 230-232.

Loughavarra, crannog in, 153, 177.

Loughavilly, crannog in, 37, 191-2.

Loughernegilly, crannog in, 167.

Loughinchefeaghny, crannog in, 164.

Loughinsholin, crannog in, 148, 152.

Loughlea, crannog in, 233.

Loughmagarry, crannog in, 164-5.

Loughran: _see_ Loughan.

Loughrea, crannogs in, 32-3, 157,
225-229.

Loughrea, town of, 228, 229.

Loughspouts, 104.

Loughtamand, Loughtarmin, or Loughtoman, crannog of, 33, 120, 142,
165, 166.

Loughtee, lower, 195.

Loughtown crannog, 243.

Louth, co., 158.

Lubbock, Sir T., 3, 5, 6, 11, 113.

Luchtiné, 174.

Lydian stone, 120, 194.

Lyell, Sir C., 217.

MacClancy, crannog of, 154.

MacGauran, crannog of, 154.

MacHenry, Alexander, grant to, for crannog exploration, 177.

MacNavin, crannog of, 149-150, 229.

MacQuillan, crannog of, 33, 153, 165.

MacRaighnaill, crannog of, 242.

Madder: _see_ mether.

Madagascar, pile dwellings in, 23.

Mafar, pile dwellings of, 20.

Magh-gabhlin: _see_ Mongavlin.

Magh Ross, parish of, 50.

Malachy, King, destroys a crannog, 202.

Malahone, tougher of, 209.

Malcomson, Dr., 197.

Mallets, 104, 237 n.

Mammalia, crannog, 74-79.

Mammoth: see _Elephas primigenius_.

Manacles: _see_ fetters.

Manorhamilton, crannog near, 243.

_Maol_: _see_ oxen, various breeds of.

Maori pah, 36.

Maricaibo, pile dwellings of, 19-22.

Marlacoo Lough, crannog of, 178.

Maryborough, crannog near, 220.

Mausniam, pile dwellings of, 20.

Mayo, co., 33, 230-232.

Meader: _see_ mether.

Meath, co., 56, 82, 90, 171, 193, 194, 204.

Mecklenberg, pile dwellings in, 11.

_Megaceros Hibernicus_, contemporaneity of with man, 4, 5, 6, 71,
75, 187, 217, 222, 227, 234.

_Megaceros Hibernicus_, worked bones of, 187.

Melon-shaped beads, 123.

Mether, 103, 226 n.

Mevagh, crannog in, 150.

Mexican MS., 219.

Mexico, pile dwellings of, 19, 250.

Milligan, Seaton, on crannogs, 203.

Millstones: _see_ querns.

Mineral tallow, 79.

Miscellaneous articles, 138-145, 176-177, 231-232, 234, 243, 244.

Moate, crannog near, 136, 205.

Model of a crannog, 40, 242.

Modern period, crannogs inhabited to a, 149-150.

Moinenoe, crannog of, 186.

Monaghan, co., 35, 36, 42, 79, 81, 83, 135, 151, 156, 193-196.

Monaincha, crannog of, 212.

Monalty, crannog of, 195-6.

Monea, crannog of, 69-70, 191.

Money: _see_ coins.

Mongavlin, crannog of, 151.

Morant, G., 39, 42, 193, 195.

Moray, crannogs in, 15, 32.

Mortar, stone, 199 n.

Mortise: _see_ beams.

Moulds, stone, 72-3, 199 n., 202, 206, 218, 219, 242.

Moycullen, barony of, 224.

Moytirra, 99, 173.

Muckenagh Lough, crannog in, 154, 233.

Muddy Lake, crannog in, 207.

Mudge, Capt. W. S., R. N., crannog hut discovered by, 37, 39, 40-41.

Muinter Eolius, crannog in, 152, 243.

Mummy, Irish, 54.

Munro, Dr. R., 15, 100, 104, 113, 123, 130.

Munster, crannogs in, 146, 212-220, 249.

Murders in crannogs, 151, 154, 155, 237, 239, 242.

Museum, R. H. A. A. I., 182 n., 183.

Music, 125-128.

Nails, iron, 25, 208.

Navan Rath: _see_ Eamhain.

Needles, bone, 142, 195, 205 n., 235 n.

Needles, bronze, 142, 164, 168 n., 196.

Needles, iron, 141, 142, 168.

Neolithic period, 160.

Net floats, 53, 200 n.

Net weights, 50, 164 n., 199 n.

Nets, fishing, 80, 81.

New Guinea, pile dwellings in, 20.

Newry Magazine, 126.

New Zealand, 36.

_Niello_, 66.

Nodule, ornamented, 115-16.

Noggin: _see_ mether.

Nore, river, 70.

Norman Baron, crannog erected by a, 155.

Norrys, Sir D. J., 127-8 n.

Northmen, crannog erected by, 155.

Nuts: _see_ hazel.

Oak, block of, 189, 190, 192.

Oak bowl, 82.

Oak forest age, 7.

Oak trough, 211.

Oak vessel, 187, 192.

Ober Meilen, pile dwellings at, 11-12.

Ocean, inbreak of the, 217.

O’Curry, Eugene, 129, 134.

O’Flaherty, 34, 122.

Ogham, 132-5, 237 n.

Ogham, definition of, 133.

Ogham found in crannogs, 133-135.

Ogham, how used, 134.

Ogham-like inscriptions undecipherable, 107-8.

Ogham stone, 134.

_Oilean-na-prechaun_, 246.

O’Lynn’s Island, 148-9.

O’Neill, Sir Phelim, takes refuge in a crannog, 88 n., 148.

_Opus Hibernicum_, 137.

O’Raighilligh, crannog of, 155.

Oriel, crannog in, 158.

Orinoco, pile dwellings on the, 22.

Ornament, 205 n., 210 n.

Ornamentation, bird-headed, 121.

Ornamentation, cross-like, 89, 219.

Ornamentation, difference in, may imply difference in race, 113.

Ornamentation on sword, 219.

_Osmunda regalis_, 231.

Oval stone, 196 n., 199 n.

Overlapping of stone, bronze, and iron ages, 160, 174.

Ovoid bone, 237 n.

Owen, Professor Richard, 5, 182.

Oxen, bones of, 168 n., 178 n., 185 n., 205, 225, 226, 245, 246, 248.

Oxen, various breeds of, 75-79.

Paddles, canoe, 50-51, 126, 141, 144, 168, 183, 186, 193, 231, 243.

Pad Lough, crannog of, 191.

Pagan age, scenes laid in the, 129.

Palæolithic period, overlapping of the, 160.

Palisades: _see_ stockades.

Pan, iron, 84, 85, 235 n.

Partitions: _see_ wicker-work.

Pass Bridge, 207.

Patch on dish, 183.

Patina, 232.

Patterson, W. H., 121.

Paul V., Pope, Bulla of, 235 n.

Pavements, superincumbent, 32, 234.

Peat, preservative, property of, 54.

Peat, time required for formation of, 6-7, 46, 101.

Peg holes, 231, 247.

Pegs, wooden, 104, 182, 235 n.

Penannular bracelets, 118.

Penannular rings, 118, 177.

Pendant, stone, 115.

Peninsula, crannog situated on a, 200-1.

Perforated stones, 142.

Personal adornment, articles of, 36, 105-125.

Perth, crannogs in, 32 n.

Pestle, stone, 207.

Petrie, Dr., 23, 24, 56, 82, 117, 129.

Petrie collection, 111, 117, 118, 122-3, 132, 137, 204.

Phasis, pile-dwellings in, 10.

Pictish axe, 62.

Picts’ houses, 82.

Piercer, bone, 199 n., 227 n.

Pig: _see_ boar.

Pile-dwellings of all countries, 10-23.

Piles, 163, 166, 167, 172, 177-8, 182, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
197, 200, 201, 205, 208, 209, 214, 216, 220, 222, 223, 224, 226,
227, 228, 231, 233, 236, 240, 243, 248.

Pins, bone, 105, 106, 109, 141, 168 n., 195, 199 n., 205, 206 n.,
208, 233 n., 235 n., 237 n.

Pins, bone, leading varieties of, 111-114.

Pins, bone, manner pendants were inserted, 108.

Pins, bronze, 88, 105, 141, 144, 168 n., 193, 195, 196, 196 n.,
199 n., 206 n., 207 n., 227 n., 232, 233, 234 n., 235 n., 237.

Pins, iron, 105, 111, 141, 233 n.

Pins, numerous in crannogs, 105.

Pins, wooden, 141, 168.

Pipe-clay, crucible, 120, 200 n.

Pipe, iron, 143, 204 n.

Pipes, bowls of, 200 n.

Piscatory implements, 80-1, 144-5, 195.

Pistols, 195, 210 n.

Planks: _see_ beams.

Platters, wooden, 102.

Plough coulters, iron, 195.

Ploughshare, flint, 178 n.

Plough sock, 168, 141, 178 n.

Polishing stones, 199 n., 235 n.

Polynesia, pile dwellings in, 20.

Pomerania, lake dwellings in, 11.

Pommel, sword, 66-7.

Portlenon, crannog near, 206.

Poteen: _see_ distillation.

Pottery, 42, 88, 89, 91, 96-9, 141, 164 n., 168 n., 169, 178, 181,
182, 185, 186, 188, 190, 191, 192, 196, 199 n., 202 n., 204 n.

Pottery, characteristic in style, 91.

Pottery, colour of, 102.

Pottery, hand-made, 102.

Pottery, Indian resembles Irish, 91.

Pottery, Irish, superior to British, 91.

Pottery, lids found with, 94-5.

Pottery, material of, 102.

Pottery not suggestive of Christian times, 98.

Pottery, resembles mortuary fictilia, 91, 99.

Pottery, well baked, 102.

Pounding instrument, 74, 192.

Prehistoric archæology, 2.

Prisoners kept in crannogs, 154.

Proverbs, Irish, 37, 46.

_Pteris aquilina_, 224.

Puzzuoli, 217.

Quarry island, 185.

Queen’s Co., crannogs in, 70, 124, 208-211.

“Queen’s people,” crannog taken from the, 150.

Querns, 42, 85, 86, 88, 90, 163, 178, 183, 183 n., 185 n., 186, 187,
190, 191, 196 n., 199 n., 209, 227 n., 241, 242.

Quern, cross inscribed, 88.

Querns, how worked, 86.

Querns, mentioned in scripture, 86.

Quern, pot, 86.

Quoit stone, 199 n.

Raghan, crannog of, 88 n., 148, 180.

Rahans lake, crannog in, 196.

Ramoi river, pile-dwellings in the, 20.

Randalstown, crannog of, 141, 163, 167-8.

Rangoon river, pile-dwellings on the, 19-20.

Raphoe, barony of, 180.

Rapier blade, bronze, 60, 61, 171 n., 203, 237 n.

Rapier dagger, bronze, 171 n.

Realgar, 104.

Red-deer: _see_ deer.

Redhaven, crannog near, 150.

Reed island, 225-226.

Reeves, Dr., 120, 152, 164, 165, 167.

Refining: _see_ crucibles.

Refuse-heaps: _see_ kitchen middens.

Rein-deer: _see_ _Cervus tarandus_.

Repulse of Sir Henry Sidney from a crannog, 36, 147-8.

Rhind lectures, 174.

Rings, bronze, 72, 109, 118, 196 n., 199 n., 233 n., 235 n., 237 n.

Rings, iron, 199 n.

Rings, stag’s horn, 235.

Rings, stone, 121, 201 n., 206 n.

Rinn Castle, 242.

Rise of the waters of lakes, 3, 214, 226, 229.

Rivers, General A. P., collection of, 218.

Rivets, bronze, 119, 173, 174, 177, 196.

Robenhausen, settlement of, 79.

Robe, river, 34.

Roman coins, 235 n., 236.

Roman origin of ladle, 83.

Roman origin of lamp, 235-6.

Rosario, pile-dwellings at, 22.

Roscavey, townland of, 179.

Roscommon co., 35, 82, 90, 113, 152, 154, 233-239.

Roscrea, crannog near, 212.

Ross, crannogs in, 32.

Ross-Guill: _see_ Mevagh.

Roughan: _see_ Raghan.

Rouskey, crannog of, 83, 151, 195.

Rubbing-stone, 192, 227 n.

Saddle, 136.

Saint Columbkille alludes to a crannog, 158.

Saint John’s Lough, crannog in, 243.

Saint Johnstown, crannog near, 181.

Saint Lasser’s Cell, 38.

Saint Patrick, advent of, 56.

Saint Patrick, crannog mentioned in Life of, 158.

Salwatee, pile dwellings at, 20.

Sanas Cormaic, 174.

Sandals, leather, 40, 144, 235 n.

Savoy, lake dwellings in, 11.

Saws, iron, 84.

Scales, 142, 166.

Scenes of strife in crannogs, 147-159, 244.

Schlieman, discoveries of, 41 n., 90.

Scoop, bone, 59, 235 n.

Scoop, wooden water, 141, 168 n., 237 n.

Scoring on pins, 106-9.

Scotland, crannogs of, 32.

Scottish crannog, lease given of, 31 n.

Scottish crannogs, 15, 16, 27, 31, 83, 104.

Scottish crannogs, colouring matter found in, 104.

Scottish crannogs, identical with the Irish, 31, 249-250.

Scottish crannogs, number discovered, 31.

Sculptured stone, 186.

Scythes, bronze, 178.

Seal-like articles, 112.

Sea pebbles, 228, 232.

Sea shells, 204, 225 n.

Shancloon, rath of, 197.

Shannon, river, 81, 106, 159, 212.

Sharpeners: _see_ whetstones.

Shears, iron, 112, 168 n., 206 n., 227 n.,235 n.

Sheep, bones of, 75, 168 n., 178 n., 185 n., 190, 204, 205, 219,
225-26, 234.

Sheephaven, 150.

Shell marl, deposit of, over crannogs, 223, 224.

Shell mounds, 73.

Shield, bronze, 69, 71, 219 n.

Shield, bronze boss of, 196 n.

Shoe: _see_ sandal.

Shore Island, 226.

Siberia, 54.

Sickles, iron, 176, 235 n.

Siculus, Diodorus, 128.

Sidney, Lord Deputy, 36, 147-8.

Silver, bronze inlaid with, 227 n.

Silver brooch, 164.

Silver coins: _see_ coins.

Silver ornaments, 120, 121.

Silurian grit, artificially worked, 214, 227.

Similarity of “finds” in Irish and Scottish lake dwellings, 83, 249-50.

Singapore, pile dwellings at, 21.

Sink-stones: _see_ net weights.

Skeans: _see_ knives.

Skeletons: _see_ human remains.

Skerry, parish of, 110, 173.

Slag, iron, 70, 183 n., 184, 187, 188, 192, 199.

Slate, article of, 199.

Slieve Dæane, 246.

Sligo, co., 104, 131, 152, 153, 243, 249.

Sligo river, 248-9.

Sling-stones, 73, 179, 205 n., 227 n., 232.

Society, disturbed state of, 159.

Solinus on the Irish, 174 n.

Southwark, remains of pile dwellings at, 17.

Spades, 168, 210 n.

Spatula-shaped bone, 140.

Spear butts, bronze, 63-5, 174, 177.

Spear handle, bronze, 171.

Spear heads, bone, 233 n., 235 n.

Spear heads, bronze, 88, 163, 171, 179, 196 n., 203, 205, 210 n.,
218, 219 n., 228, 234 n., 237, 242.

Spear heads, iron, 62, 63, 174, 176, 178, 179, 186, 204 n.

Spear heads, stone, 194, 225 n.

Spear shafts, 63-64.

Speke, Captain, 47.

Spike, bone, 233.

Spike, iron, 181, 233 n.

Spike, wooden, 205 n.

Spindle whorls: _see_ whorls.

Spiral ornamentation, 206 n.

Spoon, bone, 140, 199 n.

Stag’s horn ring, 144.

Stakes: _see_ piles.

Stanley, T., 208, 209.

Staves, 183, 232, 235.

Steel age, 55.

Stirling, crannogs in, 32.

Stirrup: _see_ horse furniture.

Stockades, 30, 36, 200, 233, 234, 241.

Stone age, antiquities of, 170.

Stone age, late, animal ornamentation rare in, 113.

Stone age, late, geometrical pattern characteristic of, 113.

Stone, bronze, and iron ages, 55-6.

Stone, carved, 164 n., 206 n., 207.

Stone, perforated, 172, 199 n.

Stone implements no proof of barbarous society, 160.

Stone lake dwellings, 33-4, 155, 203.

Stones, worked, 169, 199 n., 201 n., 205 n.

Story’s history, 209 n.

Strange medley, antiquities found in, 56.

Strathspey, crannog in, 15.

Street cuttings, antiquities found in, 111.

Stretcher: _see_ beams.

Strife, crannogs scenes of, 147-159.

Strokestown, crannogs near, 33, 113, 132, 133, 144-5, 237.

Stud, bronze, 119, 177.

Submarine crannogs, 29-30, 215-217.

Subsidence of crannogs, 189, 215, 217.

Sulphuret, yellow, 104.

Sunken island, 245.

Supposed origin of Scottish crannogs, 18.

_Sus scrofa_: _see_ boar.

Swastica, 89, 116.

Swine: _see_ boar.

Swiss fascine dwellings resemble Irish, 12-13.

Switzerland, lake dwellings in, 11-15.

Swords, bronze, 60-61, 170-171, 203, 237 n.

Swords, hafts of, 60, 66-7, 174-5, 233 n.

Swords, iron, 60, 65, 166, 173, 174, 175, 204 n., 206, 210 n., 211,
218-19, 225.

Swords, sheaths of, 65, 66, 173, 175.

Taughboyne, parish of, 151, 180.

Tchakash, city of, built on piles, 19.

Teeth of ruminants: _see_ bones.

Tempest, crannogs damaged by a, 154, 157.

Tempo, crannogs near, 187.

Thames, ancient pile dwellings on the, 17-18, 250.

The Island, 163.

The Miracles, crannog of, 37, 73, 192-193.

“The old crannog,” 206.

Tigearnmas, the monarch, 104.

Tinnehinch, barony of, 208.

Timahoe, glass bead from, 124.

Tines: _see_ deer.

Tipperary, co., 35, 44, 212-215.

Tireragh, barony of, 246.

Tobernasoul, 188.

Toilet, articles of the, 105-125.

Tonymore: _see_ Cloneygonnel.

Tondano, pile dwellings at, 20.

Tongs, 168.

Tools, iron, 67-68.

Tools, transition from to weapons, 57.

Toomebar, crannog settlement of, 35, 169-171.

Toomebridge, 169.

Toome Castle, 170.

Toome, Lower, barony of, 164, 165.

Topped Mountain, 191.

Torque pattern, 118, 237.

Touchstones: _see_ jasper.

Trappings, horse, 136-138.

Trap rock, celts of, 170.

Traps for catching game, 90-91.

Triangular iron pot, 243.

Trillick: _see_ Drumdarragh.

Tripod, iron, 25, 83.

Trowel, iron, 210 n.

Troy, 41.

Trumpets, bronze, 126.

Tuatha de Danann, 173, 174.

Tullamore, 207 n., 209.

Tulsk, 154.

Tweezers, bronze, 115, 206 n., 233 n., 244.

Tyrone, county, 60, 87, 88, 100, 179, 180.

Ulster, circumstances favoured lake dwellings in, 33, 145, 146.

Ulster inquisitions, 30, 163, 164, 165, 166.

_Ulster Journal of Archæology_, 118, 133-134.

Ulster, lake dwellings in, 163-203, 229.

Ulster, scientific frontier of, 146.

Ulster, staple industry of, traced back to crannogs, 105.

Ulster, the chosen home of the lake dweller, 146.

Umbo, bronze, 72.

Unshin, River, 246.

Usher, R. J., 216-217.

Utensils, culinary, 25, 81, 83, 84, 191, 202.

Vegetable remains, 73: _see_ corn, grain, hazel.

Venezuela, pile dwellings in, 19, 21-22.

Venice, a pile settlement, 19, 250.

Vessels, bronze, 183, 184, 187, 191, 202.

Vessels, iron, 85, 166, 243.

Vessels, wooden, 100, 141, 183, 187, 190, 192, 232, 236, 237.

Vikings, strange customs of the, 130.

Wakefield’s _Ireland_, 213.

Wakeman, W. F., 23, 24, 25, 33, 52, 82, 97, 104, 116, 119, 123,
124, 129, 134, 183, 187, 191 n., 193 n., 212, 220.

Walnuts, 73.

Water, districts covered by, 8.

Water levels, variety of, 8, 165, 167, 169, 171, 181, 192, 195,
202, 205, 216, 219-20, 236, 245, 248.

Waterford, co., 29-30, 215-217, 234.

Weapons, ancient account of fabrication of, 173-174.

Weapons: _see_ swords, spears, daggers, knives, axes.

Weaving, bone utilized in, 105.

Weaving, block utilized in, or as net float, 200 n.

Weaving in crannogs, 105.

Web polishers, 199 n.

Westmeath, co., 47, 126, 136.

Wexford, co., 40, 44.

Wheel-shaped objects, 112, 142.

Whet-stones, 69, 164 n., 168 n., 183 n., 185 n., 187 n., 190, 191,
192, 194 n., 195, 199, 205 n., 226 n., 232 n., 233, 235 n., 237.

White bronze: _see_ findruin.

Whorls, 130-132, 142, 164 n., 169, 196 n., 199 n., 210 n.

Whorls, cross-marked, 90.

Whorls, great numbers of, 104.

Whorls, in classic sculptures, 105.

Wicker-work, 32, 33, 214, 223, 224, 225-226, 228.

Wigtonshire, crannogs in, 32, 40 n.

Wild animals, 4-6, 250.

Wild fruit, 73.

Wilde, Sir W., 23, 126, 139, 140, 206, 237.

Willow platter, 102, 227.

Wilson’s _Prehistoric Annals of Scotland_, 124.

Wolf-hound, 75.

Wolf Loch, crannog in, 191.

Wolves, 4, 75, 250.

Wood, enduring properties of, 41.

Wooded country, 3-4.

Wooden articles from Lagore, 205 n.

Wooden buildings, earliest form of, 43.

Wooden cross, 112.

Wooden hair-pins, 111-112.

Wooden handle of celt, 59.

Wooden objects, 104, 192, 231-232.

Wooden sword, 40-41.

Wooden vessels, 82, 100-102, 112, 183.

Wray, Albert, 87, 97.

Wurtemberg, lake dwellings in, 11.

Yellow glass, 125.

Yellow sulphuret, 104.

Yew case, 117.

Yokes, oxen, 79.

Yorkshire, lake dwellings in, 15.

Yorkshire lake-dwellings, colouring-matter found in, 104.

Zaphrentis, 245.

Zurich, pile dwellings near, 11.

THE END.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Lake Dwellings of Ireland, by W. G. Wood-Martin