Chapter VI: Vacations, Athletics, Scouting, Camping, Photography (1)

The boy of to-day is at a real disadvantage in his struggle for health and happiness. He is always a primitive at heart, surging in the direction of direct physical expression, showing almost on the surface the simplicity of savage instincts, to live close to the earth, be outdoors, perform feats of strength and skill, hunt, fish, camp and play at doing the essential acts of life. Through succeeding generations society has perfected a veneer of convention which glosses over the crudities of childish abandon, and as they (children) grow, the polish becomes thicker and more lasting, even so as to make the individual a "ready-to-wear" being. But at intervals, even in adults, one finds the periodic plunge into camp and field. That vacations do not always supply the benefit which doctors would, but cannot, is rather the fault of brevity than of the outings themselves. Boys can, as a rule, enjoy vacations without responsibilities, they can have ample scope for the close acquaintanceship with the simplicities of outdoor living. One of the first true signs of summer is the tents and crude shelters in backyards of our suburban villages. It is the nearest approach to a normal, sane existence the child can make. No proper child omits to play "Indian" or "hunter" in his early years, and no youth ever quite outgrows the keen pleasure of sleeping in the open, companioned by the sighing of the night. One recent experience of the writer, camping among the giant redwoods of California, where one could before going to sleep have a last look at the stars framed by the wondrous trees, and drift to unconsciousness to water music in the gorge way down below, was a time never to be forgotten. It is such experiences as these in the open which both keep and restore one's mental balance; they breed cheerfulness and optimism, develop friendships. And the boy is not so very particular about the place, provided there is water and woods, some companions, and things to do. He loves to swim and should learn. He wants to be of some account and have a part in the camp, learn how to make camp, protect things, prepare for weather, engineer the routine of camp life. Probably no institution outside formal educational institutions is likely to have more vital influence on boys of the future than the Boy Scouts, already mentioned, a marvelous scheme to organize this play spirit. It takes hold of the most primitive instincts in child life, develops them to the highest pitch of efficiency, and turns the enormous energy generated thereby into useful channels by the simplest of devices--service. But be it noted, service for which the need is perfectly plain. The boy gets the finest of physical training imaginable and readily cultivates moral virtues which have been the despair of teachers and parents.

In general, the vacation cannot be more profitably spent elsewhere than outdoors. If a boy cannot actually go into the woods, away from home and the restrictions which modern living must of necessity impose, then the next best thing is pastime or amusement which requires outdoors for a setting. There is much to be said for each and every one of the sports common at the present time, baseball, tennis, football, golf, boating, riding--they are all good--and every healthy child will take part in one or more. Now a book about sport can never teach a boy or girl how to become skilful; it cannot explain the mystery of the golf stroke or pitched curve, but it can and does awaken the spirit of trial and test. It suggests that there is possibly a right way to do things; to play even, if one would succeed. The book may tell of the necessity for team work and organization, for system and regular living, and observance of rules made by others. In other words, the book acts through suggestion, very seldom directly; and for the same reason that one gives children books on mechanics, sewing, pets and gardening, that they may learn of the dignity and worth of these occupations, so also does one recommend books of sport and games, which surely are the more valuable when taken in all seriousness. It is through their games, involving dependence upon the confidence in others, that children acquire the best traits of character.

Aside from the inherent return in physical well-being derived from amusement in the open air--one can use this kind of medicine twelve months in the year--such pastime possesses a second quality of no mean importance; it brings one, ofttimes unconsciously, into communication or hailing distance at least of that nature which is so charming. It is easy to see the beauties of birds and flowers and skies, in camp; and the dynamic loveliness of crisp fall weather, even in a great city, is evidenced out of doors by the animation of passersby. But one cannot read about the beauties of beneficent nature; one must enjoy them personally, and is led on to do so through those pastimes which take place in the open. Several of these have been mentioned, and there is one other: photography.

Photography has almost ceased to be a science; it is a habit. One goes to the store, invests in a comfortably small parcel and a book of instructions which says "press here," and that is about all. The fine succeeding details are minor matters. Whether one merely "presses the button" or goes the whole road and really makes the picture, photography has come to be a regular accessory to sport and enjoyment. No doubt it is evidence of human vanity, but it takes so mild a form and is the source of so much pleasure that the world needs it, to preserve the thousand and one scenes and incidents which comprise the background of life.

INDEX

SYMBOLS USED

*--ILLUSTRATED

A--OUTDOOR WORK

B--MECHANICS, INDOORS AND OUT

C--CARPENTRY AND WOODWORK

D--HOME DECORATION

E--ELECTRICITY

G--GARDENING

H--HOUSEKEEPING

K--OUTDOOR SPORTS

M--WORKING IN METALS

N--NEEDLECRAFT

INDEX

PAGE

Accounts
balancing, H 90-91, 99
charge accounts, H 98
check book method, H 97
credits, recording, H 96
dairy accounts, A 242
debit and credit, H 90
department method of keeping, H 92-94
housekeeping, H 87-100
How to keep household accounts, by C. W. Haskins, recommended, H 99
personal expense account, specimen, H 92
poultry raising, A 168, 172
_See also_ Allowances; Income

Acorns, care of seed for planting, A 48

Aeronautics. _See_ Aeroplanes; Balloons; Flying machines; Kites

Aeroplanes, B 158-185*, C 67-83*
balance problem, B 169
biplane
making toy model, C 68-74*
principle of construction, B 173-175*
Bleriot monoplane, B 171-173*
engines, types used, B 173
construction principles in general, B 170-171
controlling direction of, B 168-169
gyroscope principle applied, B 169
making models, B 180-184*, C 67-83*
management not difficult, B 177
Maxim's aero-curve, B 166-167*
monoplane
making a model, B 180-184, C 75-83*
principle of construction, B 171-173*, 175-177
motive power for toy model, B 182-183, C 72, 81-83
planes
aspect ratio, B 167, 170
shape of, B 164-168
propeller blades
making for a model, B 182, C 70-72*
position on machine, B 169-170
Santos Dumont monoplane, B 175-177*
testing a model, B 183
triplane, B 180
Voisin biplane, B 173-175*
why aeroplanes fly, B 163-168, 195-197
wind velocity table, B 198
wireless telegraph control a possibility, B 169
_See also_ Balloons; Flying machines; Kites

Ageratum, planting, G 84
sowing and blossoming time, G 161

Agricultural clubs
book about, A 519
organizing, A 452-454

Agricultural pests. _See_ Insect pests

Agriculture. _See_ Dairying; Domestic Animals; Drainage; Fertilizers
and Manures; Flower gardening; Forestry; Fruit gardening;
Irrigation; Soils; Trees; Vegetable gardening; Vegetables

Alaska sable, skunk skin, A 484

Alcohol as a cleaning agent, H 124, 135, 359

Airships. _See_ Aeroplanes; Balloons

Alarm clocks, electric, E 302

Alfred, King
story of the burned cakes, H 16

Algae. _See_ Seaweed

Alligator wrench, making, M 276

Allowances
how to manage, H 80

Alloys
definition of, M 208

Almonds
food value, H 255

Alternating currents. _See_ Electric currents

Althea (Rose of Sharon)
characteristics, G 356

Aluminum
extraction from clay, E 263
utensils
advantages, H 202
care of, H 206

Ammeter, E 25-34*
construction, E 25-29
how it measures electricity, E 29-30, 32-33
shunt, use of, E 32-33

Ampere, Andre Marie
Ampere's rule, E 30-32

Amusements. _See_ Games; Sports

Andirons
forging, M 363-370*
how to use, H 225

Andrew, Saint
story of the loaves and fishes, H 32

Anemometer
making, C 162-165

Anemone
Japanese, characteristics, G 333, 365
wood anemone, G 343

Angora goat, A 109-110
book about, A 517

Animals
feeding motherless animals, A 268
tamed versus domesticated, K 177
training, A 248-270
fear versus kindness, A 256-257
wild animals, A 259-263
_See also_ Domestic animals; Pets; also names of animals,
e. g., Birds, Newts, Toads, etc.

Annealing
copper bowl, M 21
definition of, M 208
steel, M 307-309
tools for, M 11-12*

Annuals (Plants)
blooming after frost, G 330
climbing, G 331
definition of, G 160
for cut flowers: table, G 329
for heavy soils: table, G 329
for rocky places: table, G 332
for sandy soils: table, G 328
for shady places: table, G 331
for sunny places: table, G 332
fragrant: table, G 330
self sowing, G 331
value of, G 316, 359
what to plant, G 322

Annunciators, Electric, E 68-71*

Antique furniture. _See_ Furniture

Ants
development from the egg, A 393-395
garden pest, G 283
habits, K 147
household pests, H 361

Anvil
metal workers' tool, M 10*

Apartment houses
heating by electricity, E 125
how to have a play house in, H 8

Apiculture. _See_ Bees

Apple
distance to plant trees, G 258
food value, H 255
saving seeds from cider making, A 50
surplus used for cider vinegar, A 413
wood for canes, A 59

Applique
embroidery, N 198-202
honiton lace, N 237
leather, N 83, 85*
overlaid work, N 200
underlaid, N 201

Apricots, dried
food value, H 255

April
birds, K 175
blooming plants, G 364

Aprons, making, N 26-30
bands and strings, N 28-30
gathering, N 26-28*
sewing apron and work bag combined, N 31-33*

Aquarium
care of sick fish, K 166
cost of ready-made boxes and globes, K 163
feeding fish, K 166
making a water-tight box, K 160-162
stocking a self-sustaining aquarium, K 164-166
what to keep in, K 161
_See also_ Gold fish

Arago, Francois Jean
wave theory of light, E 345

Arbor vitæ
characteristics, C 542

Arbors. _See_ Pergola

Arbutus
gathering and conserving, A 93

Arc lamp. _See_ Electric lamp--Arc

Archery
practice of, K 329-331

Architecture
adapting the plan to the purpose, D 6, 13
American city versus country homes, D 365-367
bungalow, plan and elevation, C 465*
dining-room plan, D 9
floor plan, D 8*
hall plan, D 9
kitchen plan, D 10
Living-room plan, D 9
A model house, D 3-33
pantry plan, D 12
plan in relation to decorations and furnishings, D 12-13
principles of design, D 4-5, 13-16
wall areas, considering, D 12
_See also_ Building; Carpentry; Cottages; Foundations; Pergola

Archimedian screw, B 143-145*, 344*

Armatures
ammeter armature, E 29
dynamo armature, E 9, 11-13

Arrowhead (Plant)
characteristics, G 366

Art
copyrighting works of art, B 426

Arthur, King
The King's Kitchen: story, H 20

Artichoke
indoor planting time, G 233

Arts and Crafts. _See_ Basket making; Bead work; Block printing; Brass
work; Copper work; Embroidery; Lace making; Leather work; Metal
work; Iron work; Silver work; Stenciling

Arum (Plant)
characteristics, G 366

Ash
characteristics, C 564
strength of wood, C 496

Ash tray
copper work, M 85*

Ashes
fertilizing value, A 433

Asparagus
insect pests, G 287

Aspidistra
indoor plant, G 196

Assisi, Saint Francis of, H 25

Association foot ball, K 331

Aster
characteristics of New England aster, G 365
half hardy plant, G 317
sowing and blossoming time, G 161
starting, G 137

Athletics
all around athletic championship, K 328-329
best college record, K 336
Olympic games, events, K 372
rowing record, K 383
training rules, K 11-12
value of, K 5-6

Atlantic cable
laying, E 65-66

Atmospheric pressure. _See_ Barometer

Attic playhouse, H 5

Atwater, W. O.
Principles of nutrition; quotation, H 251

Auger
bit, C 194*
screw principle, B 156

August
blooming plants, G 365

Australian boomerang, B 232-234*

Automobiles
gasolene consumed per mile, B 401
making frame for one and two cylinder motors, B 396-401*
making toy automobile, C 62-66*

Aviation. _See_ Aeroplanes

Axe
selecting, K 96-97

Azalea
indoor plant, G 197

B

Babylon
proposed irrigation works, B 247

Baby's breath (Plant)
characteristics, G 329, 365

Bachelor's buttons. _See_ Cornflower

Backing enamel
definition, M 208

Bacon
cuts, H 270
food value, H 250, 253
for basting meat, H 357

Bacteria in soils, G 222

Baden-Powell, Sir Robert
Organizer of the Boy scouts, K 20

Badminton (Game), K 332

Bags
braiding, N 295-296*
raffia hand bag, N 272-273*
stenciled, N 81*

Bait
fish bait, K 130-136
_See also_ Trapping

Baked beans
food value, H 257

Baking
cake, H 303
principles and process, H 283-284
thickness of food, H 276

Baking powder
composition and use, H 301
how to retain strength of, E 267

Ball
one old cat, K 375
_See also_ Base ball; Basket ball; Call ball; Cricket; Foot ball;
Hand ball; Hand polo; Hat ball; Hockey; Japanese fan ball;
LaCrosse; Polo; Push ball; Racquets; Roley Boley; Skittles;
Squash; Tennis; Tether ball; Volley ball

Ball bearings
principle of, B 28

Balloon vine
characteristics, G 331

Balloons
history, B 161-162
making paper balloons, B 369-373*

Balsam
characteristics, G 332, C 539
gathering, A 65
sowing and blossoming time, G 161

Baltimore belle, story of, N 74-76

Baltimore oriole
as insect destroyer, A 457

Bananas
food value, H 255

Band saws. _See_ Saws

Bandy (Game), K 332

Bantams
breeding and care, A 217-218
game bantams, A 217

Bar, Horizontal
making a pull up bar, C 270*

Bar pins
silver metal work, M 171-174*

Barberry
characteristics, G 355
picking, A 16-17
jelly, receipt, A 17, 18

Barometer
complex, how to make, B 258-261*
construction of, B 231-232*
inventors of, B 256
purpose of, B 261
simple, how to make, B 256-257
theory of, B 256
water barometer, how to make, B 257-258*

Base ball, K 244-266*, 332-334
art of playing, K 262-263
balls, standard, K 262
base hit, K 333
bases, K 333
bats, K 262
batsmen
left-handed, K 259
qualifications, K 260
training, K 250
batting, K 260
captain's duties, K 249-250
catcher, K 254-255
diamond, K 333
laying out, K 260-262*
doubtful balls, providing for, K 258
"fan", K 266
first baseman, K 255
gate receipts, K 264
ground rules, K 265
home run, K 333
innings, K 334
choice of, by contesting team, K 264
manager's duties, K 249
methods, old and modern, K 247-248
national game of America, K 244
nine, K 245, 332
opponent's methods, learning, K 259
outfielder, K 257-259
pitcher and pitching, K 246*, 247*, 251-254
positions, K 245, 333
scores, K 264, 333-334
second baseman, K 256
shoes, K 264
short-stop, K 256
signals, K 248
team, how to organize, K 249
third base, K 257
training rules, K 250
two-bagger, K 334
umpire, K 245
uniforms, K 263
visiting teams, expenses, K 264
what makes a game, K 264

Basket ball rules, K 334

Basket making
materials for, N 242-243
porcupine quills for, A 69
raffia work, N 250-252, 255-261*
rattan basketry, N 243-248*
reed flower baskets, G 61-64*
sweet grass baskets, A 64

Bass
bait for, K 135

Basse-taille
definition, M 208

Basswood
characteristics, C 560

Basting meat, H 283, 357

Basting stitches, N 6*

Bath tubs
cleaning, H 155
sanitation, H 217

Bathroom
care and cleaning, H 155-156

Baths
electric shower baths in a summer camp, E 244-247
summer camp device, E 160-162

Bats
usefulness of, K 149

Batteries, Electric. _See_ Electric batteries

Bayberry
description of bush, A 19
dips, making, A 20-21
leaves for sachet, A 65

Baywood
staining mahogany, C 489, D 230

Bead work, N 278-294*
chains, N 279-285*
curtains, N 292
cushion covers, N 290-293
daisy chains, N 279-282*
loom, home-made, N 282-284*
portieres, N 290-293
purse, N 285-290*
stringing the beads, N 278

Beam action, C 496

Beams, wooden
strength of materials, B 45

Bean bag
rules of game, K 336

Beans
bush beans, varieties, G 297
experiments in growing, G 119-122
food value, H 250, 254, 255
insect pests, G 288
planting seeds
depth and distance, G 42
distance of drills apart, G 297
eye downward, G 117
quantity to plant, G 36
time to plant, G 234
pole beans
ornamental value, G 296
varieties, G 297
seeds
age for planting, G 34
germination per cent., G 33, 233
germination time, G 32
soil, G 119, 296
_See also_ Lima beans; String beans

Bearings
anti-friction, B 326*

Beck-iron
definition of, M 208

Bedbugs, H 363-364

Bedell, Frederick
discovery that the same wire carries two currents, E 187

Bedroom
atmosphere, H 158
care of
morning work, H 146-155
night preparation, H 154
personal responsibility, H 53
furnishings for a girl's room, H 54
furniture, designs for, D 57-58*
guest room, H 367
_See also_ Beds; Closets

Bedroom electric heater, E 126*

Bedroom slippers. _See_ Slippers

Beds
bough beds, K 65*
camping outfits, K 64-66*
designs, D 60*, 373*
doll's bed of pasteboard, and fittings, H 11-12
making fittings for a doll's bed, N 50-56*
making up a bed, H 54, 149-155

Bed spread. _See_ Counterpane

Bee balm (Flower)
habits and characteristics, G 333, 347

Bee-hive. _See_ Bees

Bee-keepers Association, value of, A 326

Bee stings
prevention and cure, A 317-318

Beech nuts
characteristics, A 37
gathering, A 38

Beef
cuts and their uses, H 268-269
food value: table, H 252

Beef tea
making, H 278

Bees, A 287-336
books about, A 518
brood chamber, description, A 302*, 303
what goes on in, A 304-307
buying, hints about, A 294-297
cost of colony, A 288
development from the egg, A 393-395
diseases and enemies, A 322, 325
egg-laying, A 305
feeding, spring and fall, A 321
hives
arranging, A 292
drone and queen trap at entrance, A 316*
entrance to, A 303
kinds, A 297, 300-304, 325
modern, A 301-304*
observation hive, A 325, K 169
old-fashioned, A 300
opening
how to open, and remove frames, A 315-318
reasons for, A 314
putting together, A 298
supers, A 302*
ventilation, A 294
where to place, A 290-291
hiving, A 313-314
honey
harvesting, A 316
making, A 322-323
plants which supply, A 322
supply for hives, A 319
uses of, A 326
honeycomb cells, A 315-316
how bees work, A 324-325
how to approach the hive, A 303
Italian, A 296
keeping
how to begin, A 287-290
supplies for first year, A 296-298
life, length of, A 306
locating the hives, A 290-291
marketing the honey, A 326-327
nucleus, meaning, A 296
observation hives, A 325, K 169*
products of the hives, A 322-325
profit in, A 299-300, 334-336
protecting from wind and sun, A 291-292
queen bee
clipping wings, A 316
locating, A 316
rearing, A 331-333
testing, A 304
runaway swarms, securing, A 288
shipping, A 294
smoking, A 314-315
success with bees: stories, A 328-336
swarm catcher, home-made, A 310-313*
swarming
reasons for, A 304
time and process, A 307-309
to prevent, A 315
varieties, A 295
wax making, A 323
wintering, A 319-321*
worker bees, development of, A 305-306

Beeswax for cleaning irons, H 317

Beetles
development from the egg, A 393-395
extermination of pests, G 117, 285, 287, 292
mounting specimens, A 384*

Beets
boiling, G 298
cooking preparation, H 293
food value, H 255
insect pests, G 288
planting seeds, G 298
depth and distance, G 42
quantity to plant, G 36
time to plant, G 234
seed
age for planting, G 34
germination time, G 32
soil preparation, G 298
transplanting, to avoid, G 122, 298

Begonias
bedding plant, G 324
window box plant, G 193

Bell, Alexander Graham
inventor of the telephone, E 274

Bellflower
habits and characteristics, G 346

Bellicent
mother of Gareth, H 21

Bellows
blacksmith's, M 216*
metal worker's, M 12*

Bells
brass work, M 145-147*
_See also_ Electric bells

Belt buckle
copper work, M 88-90*
designs for, M 195*

Belt pin
copper work, D 350*

Belts
knotted raffia, N 273-274
Irish crochet, N 335-337*
tooled leather, designs and process, D 324-328*

Bench
double seat for summer house, C 422-424*
riverside, B 158
selection of wood for, C 409
stationary outdoor bench, C 408-409
_See also_ Settees

Bench hook
making, C 139-142

Bench stop, C 139

Bench work. _See_ Carpentry; Whittling

Berries
food value, H 255
picking, A 8-20
seasons, A 8
washing, H 295
_See also_ names of berries, e. g., Raspberry; Strawberry;
Thimbleberry; etc.

Bessemer steel. _See_ Steel

Bethsaida
Story of the loaves and fishes, H 32

Bezel setting, M 152-157*, 163*, 176

Bicycle
sprocket wheel, B 327*

Biennials
definition, G 160
what and how to plant, G 322

Binding edges and seams, N 51*

Biplane
construction, B 173-175*
making a toy model, C 68-74*

Birch
aspen leaved, C 558
bark, removing, A 66-67
uses, A 67
black or sweet birch, C 557
blue or hornbeam, C 559
gray, C 558
kinds and characteristics, C 556-559
red, C 557
staining mahogany color, D 230
white, canoe, or paper birch, C 557
yellow, C 557

Birds
April birds, K 175
attracting the birds, A 454-459*
bath, making, C 219*
books about, A 519
crows as pets, K 176
eggs and nests, collecting, A 460
enemies, A 460-461, K 174
flight, theory of, B 195-197
game preserve, creating, A 464-465
houses
building, C 213-220*, K 174-175
location, C 213
suiting the birds, C 219
supports for, C 218
March birds, K 175
May birds, K 176
migration, K 175
nesting time, K 176
non-migrating, K 176
protecting fruit from, A 461
protection and care of, A 458-459
song birds, attracting, A 454-457
unlawful to cage, K 173
that stay all winter, K 175
traffic in skins, A 459-460
training, A 263-265
value as garden pest destroyers, G 280, A 455-457

Bit and brace. _See_ Carpentry and Woodwork--Tools

Bites of insects
treatment of, H 364

Bittersweet, A 56

Black bass
bait for, K 134

Blacksmithing, M 215-357
equipment, M 215
fuel, M 229
fullering, meaning, M 225
iron used, M 230-232
tools, M 222, 224-226*, 228, 229
_See also_ Forge; Forging; Horseshoeing; Iron work; Tempering; Steel;
Welding

Blankets
campers' outfit, K 66
making for doll-bed, N 54*
washing woollens, H 324, 328

Bleeding heart
characteristics, G 335, 365

Blood root
habits and characteristics, G 343

Blindman's buff (Game), K 337

Block and tackle. _See_ Pulleys

Block printing on fabrics
designs and process, D 99-106*
laundering articles, D 107
materials used for, 107

Blood stains
removing, H 360

Blotting pads
leather, design and making, D 335-338*
metal corners, making, M 122-124*
making and carving hand blotter, C 125-127*

Blow pipe
metal workers' tools, M 12*

Blowing engines
diagonal catch and hand gear, B 315

Blue flag. _See_ Iris

Blue printing
leaves and flowers, A 360-361

Bluebell
characteristics, G 364

Blueberries
burning over land, A 13, C 514
canning factories, A 12
picking, A 13
varieties, A 13
where found, A 11, C 514

Bluebird
insect destroyer, A 456
migration, K 175

Bluets, G 341

Bluing clothes, H 18, 320

Boards. _See_ Lumber

Boat building, B 84-109*
carvel ribbon built boat, B 89
centre line of shaft, B 90
decks, B 91
dimensions of the _Mocking Bird_, B 68*
displacement, B 89
exhaust pipe
fitting up, B 97-98
pet-cock, B 99
under water, B 98-99
expansion chamber, B 98
floor boards, B 91
keel
block for, B 76
laying and setting up, B 85-87*
keelson, B 86*
knees, B 91
"knock down" system, B 66, 68
launching the boat, B 134, 136-138
laying off the profile, B 90
lettering the name, B 131-132
materials and dimensions, B 90-93*
motor
dimensions, B 95
installing, B 93-95*
motor bed, fitting, B 91, 97
offsets, table of, B 92
patterns, buying, B 62
plan and section of the _Mocking Bird_, B 66-68*
propeller shaft, installing, B 93
section of launch, B 89*
sections, spacing of, B 91-92
sheathing, B 89*
skeleton, fitting posts together, B 88*
steering gear, B 346*
stem, B 86*, 90
thwarts, B 91
unloading materials, B 84-85
varnishing the boat, B 112
_See also_ Screw propeller

Boat house building, B 36-64*
covering the frame, B 40
doors and windows, B 37
foundation, B 36*
frame, end and side, B 37-40*
pier, constructing, B 19, 76
roof, B 40-42
slides or ways, B 44-45

Boats
fishing boats, fitting and cost, K 140
_See also_ Boat building; Canoes and Canoeing; Launch; Screw
Propeller

Bob sled, K 223*

Bob white
migration, K 176
planting seed birds, A 464

Bo-bo and the roast pig, H 18

Bobolink
migration, K 176

Bog plants, G 366

Bohnenberger's machine, B 334*

Boiling
meats and fish, H 278
principle and process, H 277
seasoning, H 279
vegetables, H 279

Boiling point of liquids, H 277

Bolsters, H 152

Bolts
forging, M 240-244*

Book case
designs, D 53*, 151*, 177*, C 351*
"knock down" design and construction, D 150-156*
mission style, C 352
staining the wood, D 236, 237
with adjustable shelf, design and construction, C 350-353*
with glazed doors, design and construction, D 176-180*
_See also_ Book rack

Book cover
limp leather design and making, D 342-345*

Book mark
copper work, M 128*

Book rack
copper work, M 121*, D 351*
folding, designing and making, C 247-249*
wall rack, designing and making, C 347-350*, D 156-161*

Book shelves. _See_ Book case; Book rack

Book supports
copper work, M 121*, D 351*

Books
care of, H 349

Boomerang, Australian
making, B 232-234*

Boone, Daniel
wilderness traveler, K 51

Bootees
knitted, N 363-366*

Bordeaux mixture
receipt, G 121, 294
uses, G 282, 288, 291

Boring. _See_ Drilling and Boring

Bossing up, M 208, 419

Botany
collecting native plants in California, A 96-98
_See also_ Flower gardening; Flowers

Bottles
killing bottle for insects, A 378-380*, K 151*, 154
washing, H 183

Boulder up (Game), K 345

Boulders
moving on rollers, B 18-19*
raising, B 15-17*

Bow and arrow, K 329

Bowling
lawn bowling, K 366

Bowls. _See_ Brass work; Copper work; Metal work; Pottery

Box elder
characteristics, C 548

Box furniture, C 475-478*

Box kite. _See_ Kites

Box making
design to resemble books, C 397*
dovetail joints, C 315-318*
drawing instrument box, C 240*
hinging a lid, C 239
knife and fork box, C 223-226*
nail box, C 206-209*
pencil box, making and carving, C 106-108*
proportions, C 235
seat and chest combined, C 476*
simple box, C 40*
toilet boxes, C 315-318*, 235-241*
_See also_ Copper work; Inlaying; Metal work; Wood carving

Boy Scouts of America, K 19-49*
activities, K 43
ambulance badge, qualifications for, K 27
aviator badge, qualifications for, K 28
badges, K 27-36
bee-keeper's badge, qualifications for, K 28
blacksmith's badge, qualifications for, K 28
bugler's badge, qualifications for, K 28
campaigning, K 43
camps, routine and model programme, K 46-49
carpenter's badge, qualifications for, K 29
clerk's badge, qualifications for, K 29
cook's badge, qualifications for, K 29
cyclist's badge, qualifications for, K 29
dairyman's badge, qualifications for, K 30
electrician's badge, qualifications for, K 30
engineer's badge, qualifications for, K 30
farmer's badge, qualifications for, K 30
finances, K 41
fireman's badge, qualifications for, K 31
first aid to animals' badge, qualifications for, K 31
first-class tests, K 24-25
founder of society, K 20
gardener's badge, qualifications for, K 31
handy man's badge, qualifications for, K 31
headquarters, K 19
horseman's badge, qualifications for, K 32
interpreter's badge, qualifications for, K 32
laws, K 25-27
leather workers' badge, qualifications for, K 33
life saver's badge, qualifications for, K 38
marksman's badge, qualifications for, K 33
master-at-arms badge, qualifications for, K 33
membership requirements, K 22-25
missioner's badge, qualifications for, K 33
musician's badge, qualifications for, K 33
oath, K 22
official hand book, how to obtain, K 49
origin, K 20
pathfinder's badge, qualifications for, K 34
patrols, forming, K 27, 38-39
photographer's badge, qualifications for, K 35
pioneer's badge, qualifications for, K 35
piper's badge, qualifications for, K 35
plumber's badge, qualifications for, K 35
poultry farmer's badge, qualifications for, K 36
principles of good scouting, K 39
printer's badge, qualifications for, K 36
purpose, K 20
salute and secret sign, K 22
scout craft, K 21, 43
scout master, qualifications and duties, K 26, 42-43
second-class tests, K 23
sign posts for scout master, K 43-46
signaler's badge, qualifications for, K 36
seaman's badge, qualifications for, K 36
stalker's badge, qualifications for, K 37
starman's badge, qualifications for, K 37
surveyor's badge, qualifications for, K 38
swimmer's badge, qualifications for, K 38
tenderfoot, class requirements, K 22
troop, organization, K 26-27, 40-41

Boys' clubs. _See_ Clubs

Brace and bit. _See_ Carpentry and Woodwork--Tools

Bracelets
silver work, M 174-177*

Bracket
brass work, M 146-147*
iron work, M 393-395*
wood
corner bracket, C 246*
designs, C 242-244*
making, C 245

Braiding
coronation braid
daisy pattern, N 109-111*
what it is and how to sew it on, N 108-109*
fastening the ends of the braid, N 107
flat braid, how to sew it on, N 108
rugs and mats, N 296
soutache braid, N 107
stamping the design, N 107
weaving
four strands, N 295*
how to begin, N 295-296*
joining a new strand, N 296, 298*, 301
on frame, N 296-301*
six strands, N 296*

Braising, H 280

Brass
cleaning, H 135, M 140
coloring blue black, M 205
coloring green, C 379
composition and characteristics of, M 133
tarnish, to prevent, M 140

Brass work, M 133-147*
bell and bracket, M 145-147*
bracket, M 146-147*
crumb tray and scraper, M 135-136*
finger bowl, M 133-135*
handles to vase, making, M 143
soldering a vase, M 144
tea caddy, M 136-140*
vase, M 140-145*
weighting a vase, M 143
_See also_ Copper work; Metal work

Brazilian point lace, N 238*

Brazing metals, M 310-315
preparation of parts and process, M 311-314
value, M 314

Bread
baking, H 283
brown bread, food value, H 257
camp cooking, K 87-88
curled bread for camping, E 303
food value, H 250, 254, 300
freshening dry bread, H 354
ingredients, purpose of, H 298-299
kneading, H 299
mixing, H 299
raising, H 300
setting, H 299
unleavened, H 300
yeast for, H 296-297

Bread board
making, C 222-223*

Breakfast food
food value, H 254
left overs, H 355

Breeding
purpose and standards, K 177
skill in breeding Dutch belted varieties, K 184
_See also_ Domestic animals; also names of animals, e. g., Horse;
Poultry; Swine etc.

Bridges
building a foot bridge, B 70-73*

Brier stitch. _See_ Feather-stitching

Broilers. _See_ Electric broilers; Poultry raising

Broiling
process and utensils, H 275-276

Brooches
silver work, M 171-174*

Brooders
making, K 199

Brook trout
bait, K 136
reclaiming a trout stream, A 271-273

Broth. _See_ Soups

Brother Juniper's cooking: story, H 25

Brown bread
combinations for food values, H 257

Brushes
paint brushes, H 342
stenciling brushes, N 79-80*
_See also_ Commutators (Electricity)

Brussels sprouts
soil and planting, G 299-300

Brussels stitch, N 229-231*

Buckeye tree
characteristics, C 565

Buckles
belt buckles, making, M 88-90*, 195*
turn buckles, forging, M 324, 330-334*

Buckthorn for hedges, G 357

Buckwheat
cakes and sausage, food value, H 258
food value, H 254

Budding plants, G 250-253

Buffet
design, D 56*

Building
base boards, C 475
batter boards, posts and sills
setting, D 25
cheap finishings, C 475
chimneys, style of, C 472
construction
boat house details, B 36-42*
house details, D 25-32*
cornice detail, D 29*
flashing chimneys, C 472
interior finish details, D 31*
joists, placing, B 39
model house, D 3-33
rollers for moving heavy weights, B 44
sills, setting, D 26-28*
walls, finishing, C 472
woods and their uses, C 536
working drawings for, D 21-23
_See also_ Architecture; Bird houses; Boat building; Boat house;
Carpentry; Columns; Doors; Floors; Foundations; House framing;
Joints; Pergola; Poultry house; Summer house; Strength of
materials; Windows; Wood

Buildings
wrecking, B 12-13, 43

Bulbs (Metal)
forging iron bulbs, M 385-388*

Bulbs (Plant), G 165-179
California bulbs, collecting and cultivating, A 94-99
bedding plants, G 171, 324
blue flowers, list, G 178
colors, list, G 177-179
drying and storing, G 176
easiest to grow, G 166
flat for, making, G 61*
forcing varieties, G 171
insect pests, G 293
outdoor planting, soil preparations, G 170
planting, hints, G 171
planting in lawns, G 360, A 169, 434
potting for winter, soil and drainage, G 171
red flowers, list, G 179
resting time, G 173
to prevent plants from blossoming low down, G 175
transferring to light and heat, G 174, 175
water bulbs, G 168
care and development, G 175
when to buy, G 167
white flowers, list, G 177
winter care of, G 139
yellow flowers, list, G 178
_See also_ Canna; Chinese lilies; Crocus; Hyacinths; Narcissus;
Tulips

Bulgarian drawn work, N 222-226*

Bull in the ring (Game), K 337

Bungalow
plan and elevation, C 465*

Bunsen burner, M 11*

Burdock
class and seed time, G 278
destroying, A 471
distribution of seed, G 273

Bureau drawers
arrangement and care of contents, H 53-54
doll's playhouse in, H 9

Burgees, B 108

Bur-marigold (Beggarticks)
class and seed time, G 278

Burned wood. _See_ Pyrography

Burns
care of, H 364

Burroughs, John
love for birds, A 263

Butcher knife. _See_ Knives

Butt joints, C 251*

Butter
food value, H 250, 254
how to judge butter, H 271

Butterflies
breeding, A 398-400
classifying a collection, A 386
collecting, A 381-384*, K 151-153
series to illustrate development, A 395-397
time for, A 388
development from the egg, A 393-395
killing bottle and how to use it, A 378-380, K 151*, 154
mounting a collection, A 381-386*, K 153*
net for catching, K 151*

Butterfly weed
habits and characteristics, G 348, 365

Buttermilk
cleansing properties, H 356

Butternut tree
characteristics, A 36, C 564

Buttonball tree
characteristics, C 562, G 79

Buttonholes, N 58-62*
cutting, N 62
loops, making, N 62*
stitch, N 58*
tailor-made, N 59*
thread for, N 58, 62

Buttonholing
blanket stitch, N 142*
finishing edge, N 130, 133
Hedebo embroidery, N 202-206*
honeycomb stitch, N 144*
knotting thread, to avoid, N 131
Mount Mellick, N 143
padding, N 130-131
Roman cut-work, N 138-142*
American stitch, N 139*
European stitch, N 139-140*
scalloping, N 132*
cutting out, N 133
triangular buttonholing, N 143*
_See also_ Wallachian embroidery

Buttons
sewing on, N 4-6*

Buttonwood
characteristics, C 562

Buying. _See_ Marketing

C

Cabbage
bleaching heads, G 126
cooking preparations, H 293
family, G 299
food value, H 255
growing, G 123-128
harvesting, G 126
indoor planting, G 233
insect pests, G 125, 288
planting seed
depth and distance to plant, G 42
early and late crops, G 124
quantity to plant, G 36
time to plant, G 234
savoy variety for poor soil, G 301
seed germination
per cent., G 233
time required, G 32
soil requirements, G 19, 301
storing, G 127

Cabinet
with drawers, making, C 209-212*
with shelves and glass doors, making, D 176-179*
_See also_ Filing cabinet; Medicine cabinet; Tool cabinet

Cabinet work. _See_ Carpentry and Woodwork

Cables, submarine
laying the Atlantic cable, E 65-66
number in operation, E 66
rates, E 67

Cactus
use of pitch, A 64

Cahill, Dr.
inventor of Telharmonium, E 293-295

Cake
baking, H 303
freshening dry cake, H 351
making, H 301-303
substituting lard for butter, H 355

Calcimine
cleaning walls, H 122

Calendar back
whittling, C 18*

Calendula
sowing and blossoming time, G 161

Calf
beef versus dairy feeding, A 121
diseases, A 120
fattening, A 121
feeding, A 119-122
raising, A 118-126
teaching to drink, A 119
training to lead, A 121, 258
watering, A 122

Calfskin
for leather work, N 84

California bulbs
collecting and growing, A 94-99

California poppies
sowing and blossoming time, G 161

Calipers
blacksmiths' tools, M 225

Call ball, K 338

Caloric theory of heat, E 342

Calves. _See_ Calf

Cambium, A 441

Camelot, H 20, 22

Cameras
kinds and cost, K 303-304
lenses, K 307

Camp stool
making, C 406-408*

Camphor for packing, H 347, 349

Camping
beds, K 64-66*
blankets, K 66
bough bed, K 65*
Boy Scouts' camp, K 46-49
brush leanto, K 69*
clothing, K 71-74
cooking, K 75-92*
bread, K 87-88
coffee, K 87
fish, K 89, 90
frying, K 91
game, K 89, 90
Indian meal, K 88
johnny cake, K 88
left overs, K 89
meat, time, K 90
rice, K 90
rules, K 86-92
utensils, K 82-83
vegetables, K 89, 90
drainage problem, K 57
electric lights, installation and cost, E 162-169
fireplaces, building, K 78-79
fires
for cooking, K 77-82*
gypsy rig, K 79
hunter's fire, K 78-79
lighting in the rain, K 68
making, K 67-69
that will burn all night, K 68, 78*
firewood, providing for, K 55-56
fitting up an old mill, E 160-161
food, care of, K 85-86
girl's work in, K 323-324
hints for comfort, K 71-74
locality, choosing, K 53-54
mosquitoes, protection from, K 70
outfit, K 58-74*
ovens, K 80-82*
principles of, K 50-54
selecting a leader, K 53
shower bath device, E 161*
site, selecting, K 54-58
sleeping bag and head shelter, K 52*
tents, K 58-60*
pegs, securing, K 60
pitching, K 61-64*
sod cloth, K 61
water supply device, K 54-55*

Canadian pine, C 536

Candleberry, A 18-19

Candles
bayberry dips, A 20-21
shades, making from cardboard and paper, D 358*

Candlestick
copper work, M 47-56*
pottery, designing, D 313-315*
spiral, iron work, M 388-391*
wrought iron, making, M 380-383*

Candytuft
annual, G 322
characteristics, G 330, 332
sowing and blossoming time, G 161

Cane rush, K 338

Canes
woods used for, A 59-60

Canna
bedding plants, G 324
planting bulbs, G 139, 159
planting seeds, G 159

Canning and preserving
elderberries, A 16

Canoe tilting (Game), K 339

Canoeing, K 240-243*
accidents, avoiding, K 242
girl's sports, K 321
Indian model canoe, K 240*
paddling, K 242-243
sailing canoes, K 241-243*

Canterbury bell
biennial, G 322

Capstan, B 79, 347*

Car springs, B 264-265*

Carafe
washing, H 183

Carbohydrates
effect of boiling processes, H 277
food composition, H 248
in vegetables, H 250
proportion in diet, H 249, 252

Carbon bisulphide
insecticide, G 283, 289

Carbon filaments. _See_ Electric lamps--Incandescent

Carbonic acid
as leaf food, G 242-243

Carbureter, B 95*

Card, Leslie E.
How I started with hens, A 168-172

Card case
making and embroidering, N 183-186*
tooled leather, design and making, D 338-340*

Card tray
copper work, D 355-358*

Carpentry and Woodwork
beveling, C 147*
gage device for, C 260
bill of material, value in making, C 189*, 206
board feet, estimating, C 503
construction, C 250-257
curved rails, making, D 183
curves, cutting with gouge, C 258-260*
cutting up old lumber, B 75-76
doweling, D 134
dressing down lumber, C 144-147, 186-190
estimating lumber, C 498-509
gaining-in shelves, D 153*
glued-up work, joining, D 134-136*
gluing
joints, D 140-142*, 144-146
mitre joints, C 232-234*
process, C 225
gouge work, C 258-265*
grooves
chiseling, C 207-208, 211
cutting, C 110-111*
gouging, C 258-260*
joint edge, meaning, C 186
joints. _See_ Joints in main alphabet
mathematics of woodwork, C 498-509*
mortise, cutting, D 154
nails
holding power, B 46-47
sinking, C 208*
outdoor carpentry, C 457-480*
panels
for desk, D 184-187*
for door, C 354-355, 528-530
original purpose of, C 528-530*
planing, C 146, D 133-134, 136
position for planing, C 178
surface planing and taking out wind, C 179
use of shooting board, C 106*
rabbeting, C 210-211
sand papering, D 187
shop equipment, C 133-149*
grindstone, C 181-184*
lumber rack, C 150-154*
nail box and cabinet, C 206-212*
tool box, making, C 226-227*
tool chest and cabinet, making, C 339-346
work bench, types, C 134-138*
spokeshave work, examples, C 126*, 266*, 271*
squaring up stock, C 144-147, 185-190*
stock, selection and preparation, D 130-133*
systematic plan in working, D 138-139
testing grain of the wood for strength, C 245
truing up, C 148-149, D 136-138*
undercutting, C 263-264*
warping, to prevent, D 135*
working face of lumber, C 186
_See also_ Building; Doors; Floors; House framing; Joints; Lumber;
Polishing; Rustic furniture; Stains and staining; Strength of
materials; Whittling; Windows; Wood; Wood finishing

Carpentry and Woodwork--Problems
box furniture, C 475-478*
brackets, C 242-246*
bread board, C 222*
camp stool, C 406-408*
chest and box seat combination, C 476*
checkerboard, C 332-338*
clock cases, C 276-290*
coat hanger, C 266*
couch hammock, C 478-480*
drawers, making, C 206-210*, 359*
drawing board, C 24*, 381
foot stools, C 291-300*
mission style, C 374-375*
handles for hatchet and hammer, C 271*
hinges, setting, C 239
household utensils, C 221-226, 272-273*
knife and fork box, C 223-226*
ladle, C 272*
linen chest, C 377-380*
magazine rack, D 52*, 165-170*
mechanical drawing outfit, C 381-398*
medicine cabinet, C 354-360*
mitre box, C 228-231*
Morris chair, D 50*, 188-193
nail boxes, C 206-212*
pen and ink trays, C 258-264*
pin tray, C 264*
rustic furniture, D 209-211*
sugar scoop, C 272*
toilet boxes, C 315-318*, 235-241*
tool cases and chest, C 226-227*, 339-344
tool rack, C 341*
towel rack, C 274*
towel roller, C 267-269*
umbrella stand, D 161-165
mission design, C 375*
_See also_ Bird house; Book case; Book rack; Box making; Building;
Chairs; Desk; Doors; Floors; House framing; Inlaying, wood;
Joints; Mechanical drawing; Mission furniture; Pergola; Picture
frames and framing; Plant stands; Poultry house; Settees; Stains
and staining; Tables; Tabourette; Toy making; Whittling;
Windows; Wood; Wood carving; Wood finishing

Carpentry and Woodwork--Tools
auger bit, C 194*
bench hook, C 139-142*
bench stop, C 139
bit and brace
"chuck", C 193
extension bit, C 195*
ratchet attachment for corners, C 196
types, C 193-197*
boring tools, C 193-198*
braces, making, C 148
cases and cabinets, making, C 226-227*, 339-346*
centre bit, C 193*
chisels, socket and tang, C 207*
clamps, devices for, C 201*
coping saw, C 20*
cutting tools, construction and action, C 169
dowel bit, C 194
draw knife, C 216*
drill bits, C 196
drills, C 193-198*
dulling edges on old lumber, B 75-76
files, kind and uses, C 204
Forstner bit, C 196*
gimlet bit, C 194*, 196
gouge, C 258-260*
hammers, C 203*
hand screw, C 200-201*
using, C 224-226*
mallet, C 200*
mitre box, C 228-231*
nail set, C 208*
oil stone, C 183*
planes, C 176-184*
pliers, C 199*
quality, C 133
rack, C 341*
rules, C 205
saw horse, making, C 143-149*
saws, C 169-175*
screw driver, C 199*
screw driver bit, C 195
sharpening, C 179-184*
shooting board
how to make, C 189*
how to use, C 106*
spirit level, C 205*
spokeshave, C 126
square, steel, C 205*, M 5*
surface plate, D 136
template, C 264*
vise, quick action, C 138*
winding sticks, D 137*

Carpets
cleaning, H 128
storing, H 348
_See also_ Rugs

Carriages
cleaning, A 408

Carrier pigeons, K 180

Carrot
planting seed
quantity to plant, G 36
time to plant, G 234
seed
age for planting, G 34
germination period, G 32, 233
soil for, G 301
thinning plants, G 301
varieties, G 301
wild carrot, G 273, 278

Carving
shelf fungi, A 62
_See also_ Wood carving

Case hardening, M 308-310

Cast-iron
brazing, M 312

Castors, Acme pin, D 193

Cat
characteristics, K 170-173

Cat (Game), K 339

Cat-stitch
embroidery stitch, N 102*

Cat-tail
characteristics, G 366

Catalpa
characteristics, G 367
ornamental value, G 353

Catbird
insect destroyer, A 456
migration, K 175

Caterpillars
collecting specimens, A 395
garden pests, G 282, 285, 287, 290

Cauliflower
cooking, preparation for, H 293
growing, G 299
insect pests, G 289
seed, germination per cent., G 233
time to plant, G 234

Cavies
care of pets, K 183-184
raising for pets, A 206
varieties, K 183

Cedar
red
characteristics, C 541
durability, C 494
white, characteristics, C 541

Cedar bird
migration, K 175

Cedar chest
making, C 377-380*

Ceiling
as reflector, H 121
care of, H 121
decorations to correct defects of height, D 38

Celery
blanching, G 132
fertilizer for, G 131
food value, H 255
insect pests, G 287, 290
planting plants, G 131-132
planting seeds, G 302
indoor planting time, G 233
seed
age for planting, G 34
germination per cent., G 233
germination period, G 32
soil for, G 131, 301
substitutes for, in salad, H 358
transplanting, G 302
trenches for, G 131

Cellar, H 208-213
care of, H 212
cleaning walls, H 210
materials for floor and wall, H 208, 210
must, preventing, H 212
racks for barrels and pans, H 213
rooms and equipment, H 210-211
ventilation, H 208
windows, H 208

Cells. _See_ Electric batteries

Cellular kites, making, C 91-92*

Cement
cellar walls, H 208
coloring for pottery, D 208
columns, building, C 438-440
dams, B 246-247
engraver's receipt, M 205
floors, making, A 137
foundations
boat house, B 36
house, C 459
pergola, C 426-433
lining pond, G 135-136
mixing for floors and walks, A 137, B 20, 32, C 432, G 135
Portland, origin and uses, B 246-248
retaining walls, riverside, B 238-245

Cement blocks
making, B 242-245

Cement furniture, D 201-209*
color for inlaid designs, D 208
decoration, D 207*
finishing coat, D 206
scratch coat, making and laying, D 204
wire forms for, making, D 202-203

Cement walks
floating operation, B 33
jointing, B 34
laying out, B 9-12
leveling, B 30*
materials, B 19-20, 32
roots, danger from, B 15
sides, making, B 30*
tampers for, B 31
trench digging and filling, B 14, 29-30, 32

Centigrade scale, B 262

Centre punch. _See_ Punch

Chafing dish, electric, E 113*

Chain-stitch
crocheting, N 308*
embroidery, N 99-100*

Chains
welding iron chains, M 250-253*
adding links, M 253
_See also_ Bead work; Necklace

Chairs
box furniture making, C 406-408
dining-room, design, D 54*
Duxbury design, D 59
hall chair, design, D 48*
kitchen furniture, H 196
Morris chair
designs, D 50*, 189*
making, D 188-193*
_See also_ Bench making; Settees

Chalk
French chalk, H 332, 360
lime composition, G 216

Chamber work, H 146-159

Chamois gloves
washing, H 331

Chamois skin
for leather work, N 84

Champleve
definition, M 208
enameling, M 202

Chanterelles, mushrooms, A 89

Character
influence of occupations on, A 6

Charcoal
how made, M 230
purifying qualities, H 242, 354

Charge accounts. _See_ Accounts

Chasing metals
definition of, M 209

Chassis. _See_ Automobiles

Checkerboard
designing and making, C 333-338*
table, making, C 337*
woods to use, C 332-333

Cheese
food value, H 254

Chemical elements
of food, H 248
of the human body, H 247

Cherry tree
characteristics of the wild or black variety, C 561
seeds, care of, A 48
wood for canes, A 59

Chest
making a box seat combination, C 476*
making a linen chest, C 377-380*
_See also_ Tool boxes and chests

Chesterton, G. R.
keeping good health: quotation, H 244

Chestnut
characteristics of tree, C 562
chinquapins, characteristics, A 32-33
cultivating, A 31
disease, A 30
durability of the wood, C 494
food value, H 255
grafting trees, A 31
Japanese, hardy variety, A 30
varieties, A 30
weevil, pest, A 33
wood finish
antique, C 489
fuming, D 233

Chicken house. _See_ Poultry houses

Chickens. _See_ Poultry

Chickweed
class and seed time, G 278

Chimney, house
cold, meaning of, H 224
fire, extinguishing, H 234
"flashing", C 472
_See also_ Flues

China aster
characteristics, G 329

Chinese lilies
water bulbs, G 168, 175

Chinese windlass, B 81

Chinquapin
characteristics, A 32-33
weevils, pest, A 33

Chip carving. _See_ Wood carving

Chisel
cape chisel, making, M 299*
cold chisel, hardening and tempering, M 293
making, M 298*, 325*
what used for, M 225*
hot chisel
making, M 324*
what used for, M 225*
metal work tool, M 9*
sharpening, C 179-184*
silver work tool, making, M 157-158*
socket and tang, how to use, C 207-208*
stone chisel, forging, M 341-344*
wood chisel, forging, M 337-338

Chlorinated soda
ink stain remover, H 359

Chocolate
food value, H 256

Christmas greens
collecting and marketing, A 50-57

Christmas tree
harvesting, A 53
oak trees transformed, A 51

Chrysanthemum
back ground plants, G 321
characteristics, G 335
time of blooming, G 322

Chuck ribs, H 268

Cider
wastefulness in making, A 50

Cigar box
copper decorations, M 84*, 85

Cigar lighters, Electric, E 115*

Circle
how to draw, C 28-30*

Citizenship
training for, A 449-451

City water supply. _See_ Water works

City yard
making and cost of a garden, G 23, 134-141

Clamps, C 201*

Clams
cooking, H 291
food value, H 254
testing, H 291
washing, H 291

Clap boards
for siding, C 445
removing, B 12

Clarkia
characteristics, G 328, 332

Claw tool
making, M 353*

Clay. _See_ Soils

Clay modeling. _See_ Pottery

Cleaning
delicate colors and textures, H 332
restoring color taken out by an acid or alkali, H 361
stains and spots on fabrics, H 358-361
woodwork, H 123
_See also_ Brass; Carpets; Curtains; Embroidery; Flues; Furnace;
Furniture; House cleaning; Matting; Pictures; Rugs; Shades;
Tiles; Vegetables; Walls; Vacuum cleaners

Cleft grafting. _See_ Grafting

Clematis
decorative value, G 359
Japanese, characteristics, G 365

Clippings
making envelope file, N 187-189*

Clocks
cases, making, C 276-290*
clocks for cases, selecting, C 276
electric clocks
alarm clocks, E 302
master clock, E 77-78
operation, E 75-78
program clocks, E 77
self winding, E 76
watchman's time detector, E 78*
fastening the clock into the case, C 282*
grandfather's clock, design and construction, C 284-290*
hall clock, design and construction, D 193-198*
wood finish, D 237
mantel clock, design and construction, C 282-284*
mission style, design and construction, C 277-278*
pendulum clock case, design and construction, C 281-282*
pulley mechanism, B 310*
wall clock, design and construction, C 279-281*
_See also_ Watches

Cloisonne
definition of, M 209
enameling, M 201

Closets, Clothes
cleaning and care, H 53, 157
window in, D 12

Closets, Toilet
cleaning bathroom toilet, H 155
sanitary equipment and care of outdoor closets, H 222

Closing the house, H 349-351

Clothes basket for laundry, H 315

Clothes-horse, H 318

Clothes line, care of, H 311

Clothes pins, care of, H 315

Clothes poles, H 315

Clothes press. _See_ Closets, Clothes

Clothing and dress
art and fashions, D 122
being well dressed, D 122-125
business women's attire, D 127
camp outfit, K 71-74
care of
importance, H 57
in bureau drawers, H 53-54
in closets, H 158
responsibility for, H 53
children's attire, D 127
color in, D 124
decorative principles, D 121
girl's equipment for outdoor sports, K 319-320
harmony and good lines, D 123
proportion of income assigned for, H 74, 76, 78
_See also_ Dressmaking; Sewing

Clouds
cumulus, B 365
formation, B 356-357
hail clouds, B 366

Clubs
agricultural, organizing, A 452-454
garden club, G 3-16
outdoor club, A 451-454
science club, E 339
sewing club, N 11
wireless club, E 331-332
_See also_ Boy Scouts of America

Coal
bituminous, value of, M 229
estimating energy in, E 6
specific gravity, B 279
supply decreasing, E 6
_See also_ Fire making

Coasting, K 223
luge-ing, K 371

Coat hangers
making, C 266*

Cocklebur
class and seed time, G 278

Cockroaches, H 362

Cocoa
food value, H 256

Cocoanuts
food value, H 255

Cocoon. _See_ Silkworms

Codfish
combinations for food value, H 257
food value, H 253

Codling moth
woodpecker enemy of, K 168

Coffee
camp cooking, K 87

Coffee mill
mechanical principle of, B 307-308*

Coffee percolator, Electric, E 113*

Coffee pots
care of, H 207

Coffee stains, H 359

Coffee tree, Kentucky
characteristics, C 566

Cold chisel. _See_ Chisel

Coldframe
changing to a hotbed, G 38
directions for making, G 48-50*
drilling the rows, G 98
planning, G 19
soil and location, G 97
storage for endive, G 305
transplanting from, G 101-102

Coleus
bedding plant, G 324

Collar
metal work appliance, M 209

Collar, dress. _See_ Dressmaking; Irish Crochet

Collar slides
silver work, M 170-171*

Collecting. _See_ Insects; Plants; Seaweed; Shells

College athletics
best records made in intercollegiate contests, K 336

College education
earning, A 3, 7

Color
due to wave length, E 315
in dress, D 124
restoring to fabrics, H 361
_See also_ Floral decoration; House decoration

Colts. _See_ Horses

Columbine
habits and characteristics, G 341, 364

Columns, concrete
constructing and setting for pergola, C 434-440*

Combs
silver work, M 194-196*

Commutation (Electricity)
brushes, E 36
principle of, E 35-36

Compass
use in drawing, C 28-30

Compost. _See_ Fertilizers and manures

Concrete. _See_ Cement

Cones. _See_ Pine

Conic sections
describing, B 338*

Coniferous trees, C 535-542

Conservation of natural resources
conserving nature's crops, A 92-94
_See also_ Forestry

Cook
duties, H 109, 112

Cook book
making from books and magazines, H 284

Cookery, H 274-308
camp cookery, K 75-92*
definition, H 274
emergencies, H 354-357
freshening bread or cake, H 353
left overs, utilizing, H 355, K 89
mixtures, principles of, H 296-305
preparation of foods for, H 285-305
processes, H 275-285
purpose of, H 275
sequence of work in getting a meal, H 305-308
soda, uses of, H 356
substitutes for articles called for by receipts, H 354-355
sun as cook, H 274
time tables, H 309-310
warming over food, H 355
_See also_ Baking; Boiling; Braising; Bread; Broiling; Cake; Canning
and preserving; Coffee; Corn; Desserts; Diet; Eggs; Electric
cooking; Fireless cookers; Fish; Food; Frying; Game; Meat;
Mushrooms; Oysters; Pastry; Poultry; Rice; Roasting; Shell fish;
Soups; Stewing; Tea; Traveler's cooker; Vegetables

Coons. _See_ Raccoons