Chapter I: Front Matter

THE LIBRARY OF WORK AND PLAY

CARPENTRY AND WOODWORK
By Edwin W. Foster

ELECTRICITY AND ITS EVERYDAY USES
By John F. Woodhull, Ph.D.

GARDENING AND FARMING
By Ellen Eddy Shaw

HOME DECORATION
By Charles Franklin Warner, Sc.D.

HOUSEKEEPING
By Elizabeth Hale Gilman

MECHANICS, INDOORS AND OUT
By Fred T. Hodgson

NEEDLECRAFT
By Effie Archer Archer

OUTDOOR SPORTS, AND GAMES
By Claude H. Miller, Ph.B.

OUTDOOR WORK
By Mary Rogers Miller

WORKING IN METALS
By Charles Conrad Sleffel.

Even a Boy Can Learn How to Make a Horseshoe]

WORKING IN METALS

By CHARLES CONRAD SLEFFEL

_Wide Experience in Practical Shop Work and for 12 years
Instructor in Metal Work at the Horace Mann School,
Teachers' College, New York_

Garden City New York
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1916

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, INCLUDING THAT OF TRANSLATION
INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGES, INCLUDING THE SCANDINAVIAN

COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The publishers wish to acknowledge their indebtedness to the Teachers College of Columbia University for their courtesy in permitting certain of the photographs to be taken for this volume.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I. Introductory 3

II. Tools 5

WORK IN COPPER

III. How to Make a Copper Bowl 19

IV. Copper Trays 26

V. Paper Cutter and Nut Set 34

VI. Hard and Soft Soldering 41

VII. Candlestick, Sconce, Rose Jar, and Chalice 47

VIII. How to Make a Hat Pin 64

IX. How to Rivet 73

X. Lamp (for Electricity), with Shade 92

XI. Hinges in Copper or Silver 100

XII. Jewel Box and Desk Set 107

BRASS WORK

XIII. Finger Bowl, Crumb Tray, Tea Caddy, Vase, Bell and
Bracket, Drawer Pulls, etc. 133

SILVER WORK

XIV. Finger Rings and Scarf Pins 151

XV. Necklaces, Brooches, Bracelets 166

XVI. Spoons and Picture Frame 178

XVII. Watch Fobs 187

XVIII. Napkin Rings, Silver Comb, Belt Buckles 191

XIX. Enamelling 197

THE BLACKSMITH'S SHOP

XX. Blacksmithing and Tools 215

XXI. First Problems in Forging 233

XXII. Welding 247

XXIII. Mild Steel or Soft Steel 264

XXIV. Hardening and Tempering. Tool Making 289

XXV. How to Harden, Soften and Stretch Steel 307

XXVI. Forging Hand Hammers 316

XXVII. Some General Forging Problems 327

ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK

XXVIII. Processes, Andirons, Fire Tools 361

XXIX. Candlesticks, Hinges, Iron Brackets 380

XXX. Lamps, Lanterns, Iron Kettle Stand, Umbrella Stand 396

XXXI. Door Knockers, Plates, Handles, etc. 410

ILLUSTRATIONS

Even a Boy Can Learn How to Make a Horseshoe _Frontispiece_

FACING PAGE

A Boy's Workshop 14

A Group of Boys at Copper Work 66

Some Problems in Copper and Brass Work Made by Boys 142

Boys from Eleven to Fourteen Years of Age Doing
Metal Work in the Country 194

Splitting and Shaping the Iron in the Making of Andirons 362

Finishing of an Ornamental Window Grill, and
Levelling up of an Old Dutch Candlestick 388

Making an Iron Lamp 396

Ornamental Work and the Straightening and
Finishing of an Umbrella Stand 408

WORKING IN METALS