Chapter IX: Act II: , Scene v.--Niemand and Minos are arguing for and against

Henrici's "Elementary Geometry."

_Minos_.--I haven't quite done with points yet. I find
an assertion that they never jump. Do you think that arises
from their having "position," which they feel might be
compromised by such conduct?

_Niemand_.--I cannot tell without hearing the passage
read.

_Minos_.--It is this: "A point, in changing its
position on a curve, passes in moving from one position to
another through all intermediate positions. It does not move
by jumps."

_Niemand_.--That is quite true.

_Minos_.--Tell me then--is every centre of gravity a
point?

_Niemand_.--Certainly.

_Minos_.--Let us now consider the centre of gravity of
a flea. Does it--

_Niemand (indignantly)_.--Another word, and I shall
vanish! I cannot waste a night on such trivialities.

_Minos_.--I can't resist giving you just _one_
more tit-bit--the definition of a square at page 123: "A
quadrilateral which is a kite, a symmetrical trapezium, and
a parallelogram is a square!" And now, farewell, Henrici:
"Euclid, with all thy faults, I love thee still!"

Again, from Act II., Scene vi.:--

_Niemand_.--He (Pierce, another "Modern Rival,") has a
definition of direction which will, I think, be new to you.
_(Reads.)_

"The _direction of a line_ in any part is the direction
of a point at that part from the next preceding point of the
line!"

_Minos_.--That sounds mysterious. Which way along a
line are "preceding" points to be found?

_Niemand_.--_Both ways._ He adds, directly
afterwards, "A line has two different directions," &c.

_Minos_.--So your definition needs a postscript.... But
there is yet another difficulty. How far from a point is the
"next" point?

_Niemand_.--At an infinitely small distance, of course.
You will find the matter fully discussed in my work on the
Infinitesimal Calculus.

_Minos_.--A most satisfactory answer for a teacher to
make to a pupil just beginning Geometry!

In Act IV. Euclid reappears to Minos, "followed by the ghosts of Archimedes, Pythagoras, &c., who have come to see fair play." Euclid thus sums up his case:--

"'The cock doth craw, the day doth daw,' and all respectable
ghosts ought to be going home. Let me carry with me the hope
that I have convinced you of the necessity of retaining my
order and numbering, and my method of treating Straight
Lines, Angles, Right Angles, and (most especially)
Parallels. Leave me these untouched, and I shall look on
with great contentment while other changes are made--while
my proofs are abridged and improved--while alternative
proofs are appended to mine--and while new Problems and
Theorems are interpolated. In all these matters my Manual is
capable of almost unlimited improvement."

In Appendices I. and II. Mr. Dodgson quotes the opinions of two eminent mathematical teachers, Mr. Todhunter and Professor De Morgan, in support of his argument.

Before leaving this subject I should like to refer to a very novel use of Mr. Dodgson's book--its employment in a school. Mr. G. Hopkins, Mathematical Master in the High School at Manchester, U.S., and himself the author of a "Manual of Plane Geometry," has so employed it in a class of boys aged from fourteen or fifteen upwards. He first called their attention to some of the more prominent difficulties relating to the question of Parallels, put a copy of Euclid in their hands, and let them see his treatment of them, and after some discussion placed before them Mr. Dodgson's "Euclid and His Modern Rivals" and "New Theory of Parallels."

Perhaps it is the fact that American boys are sharper than English, but at any rate the youngsters are reported to have read the two books with an earnestness and a persistency that were as gratifying to their instructor as they were complimentary to Mr. Dodgson.

In June of the same year an entry in the Diary refers to a proposal in Convocation to allow the University Club to have a cricket-ground in the Parks. This had been proposed in 1867, and then rejected. Mr. Dodgson sent round to the Common Rooms copies of a poem on "The Deserted Parks," which had been published by Messrs. Parker in 1867, and which was afterwards included in "Notes by an Oxford Chiel." I quote the first few lines:--

Museum! loveliest building of the plain
Where Cherwell winds towards the distant main;
How often have I loitered o'er thy green,
Where humble happiness endeared the scene!
How often have I paused on every charm,--
The rustic couple walking arm in arm,
The groups of trees, with seats beneath the shade
For prattling babes and whisp'ring lovers made,
The never-failing brawl, the busy mill,
Where tiny urchins vied in fistic skill.
(Two phrases only have that dusky race
Caught from the learned influence of the place;
Phrases in their simplicity sublime,
"Scramble a copper!" "Please, sir, what's the time?")
These round thy walks their cheerful influence shed;
These were thy charms--but all these charms are fled,
Amidst thy bowers the tyrant's hand is seen,
And rude pavilions sadden all thy green;
One selfish pastime grasps the whole domain,
And half a faction swallows up the plain;
Adown thy glades, all sacrificed to cricket,
The hollow-sounding bat now guards the wicket;
Sunk are thy mounds in shapeless level all,
Lest aught impede the swiftly rolling ball;
And trembling, shrinking from the fatal blow,
Far, far away thy hapless children go.
Ill fares the place, to luxury a prey,
Where wealth accumulates, and minds decay:
Athletic sports may flourish or may fade,
Fashion may make them, even as it has made;
But the broad Parks, the city's joy and pride,
When once destroyed can never be supplied!

Readers of "Sylvie and Bruno" will remember the way in which the invisible fairy-children save the drunkard from his evil life, and I have always felt that Mr. Dodgson meant Sylvie to be something more than a fairy--a sort of guardian angel. That such an idea would not have been inconsistent with his way of looking at things is shown by the following letter:

Ch. Ch., _July_, 1879.

My dear Ethel,--I have been long intending to answer your
letter of April 11th, chiefly as to your question in
reference to Mrs. N--'s letter about the little S--s [whose
mother had recently died]. You say you don't see "how they
can be guided aright by their dead mother, or how light can
come from her." Many people believe that our friends in the
other world can and do influence us in some way, and perhaps
even "guide" us and give us light to show us our duty. My
own feeling is, it _may_ be so: but nothing has been
revealed about it. That the angels do so _is_ revealed,
and we may feel sure of _that_; and there is a
beautiful fancy (for I don't think one can call it more)
that "a mother who has died leaving a child behind her in
this world, is allowed to be a sort of guardian angel to
that child." Perhaps Mrs. N-- believes that.

Here are two other entries in the Diary:--

_Aug. 26th_.--Worked from about 9.45 to 6.45, and again
from 10.15 to 11.45 (making 101/2 hours altogether) at an
idea which occurred to me of finding limits for _pi_ by
elementary trigonometry, for the benefit of the
circle-squarers.

_Dec. 12th_.--Invented a new way of working one word
into another. I think of calling the puzzle "syzygies."

I give the first three specimens:--

MAN }
permanent }
entice } Send MAN on ICE.
ICE. }

ACRE }
sacred }
credentials } RELY on ACRE.
entirely }
RELY }

PRISM }
prismatic }
dramatic } Prove PRISM to be ODIOUS.
melodrama }
melodious }
ODIOUS. }

In February, 1880, Mr. Dodgson proposed to the Christ Church "Staff-salaries Board," that as his tutorial work was lighter he should have £200 instead of £300 a year. It is not often that a man proposes to cut down _his own_ salary, but the suggestion in this case was intended to help the College authorities in the policy of retrenchment which they were trying to carry out.

_May 24th_.--Percival, President of Trin. Coll., who
has Cardinal Newman as his guest, wrote to say that the
Cardinal would sit for a photo, to me, at Trinity. But I
could not take my photography there and he couldn't come to
me: so nothing came of it.

_Aug. 19th_. [At Eastbourne].--Took Ruth and Maud to
the Circus (Hutchinson and Tayleure's--from America). I
made friends with Mr. Tayleure, who took me to the tents of
horses, and the caravan he lived in. And I added to my
theatrical experiences by a chat with a couple of circus
children--Ada Costello, aged 9, and Polly (Evans, I think),
aged 13. I found Ada in the outer tent, with the pony on
which she was to perform--practising vaulting on to it,
varied with somersaults on the ground. I showed her my wire
puzzle, and ultimately gave it her, promising a duplicate to
Polly. Both children seemed bright and happy, and they had
pleasant manners.

_Sept. 2nd_.--Mrs. H-- took me to Dr. Bell's (the old
homoeopathic doctor) to hear Lord Radstock speak about
"training children." It was a curious affair. First a very
long hymn; then two very long extempore prayers (not by Lord
R--), which were strangely self-sufficient and wanting in
reverence. Lord R--'s remarks were commonplace enough,
though some of his theories were new, but, I think, not
true--_e.g.,_ that encouraging emulation in
schoolboys, or desiring that they should make a good
position in life, was un-Christian. I escaped at the first
opportunity after his speech, and went down on the beach,
where I made acquaintance with a family who were banking up
with sand the feet and legs of a pretty little girl perched
on a sand-castle. I got her father to make her stand to be
drawn. Further along the beach a merry little mite began
pelting me with sand; so I drew _her_ too.

_Nov. 16th_.--Thought of a plan for simplifying
money-orders, by making the sender fill up two duplicate
papers, one of which he hands in to be transmitted by the
postmaster--it containing a key-number which the receiver
has to supply in _his_ copy to get the money. I think
of suggesting this, and my plan for double postage on
Sunday, to the Government.

_Dec. 19th_.--The idea occurred to me that a game might
be made of letters, to be moved about on a chess-board till
they form words.

A little book, published during this year, "Alice (a dramatic version of Lewis Carroll's 'Alice'), and other Fairy Tales for Children," by Mrs. Freiligrath-Kroeker, was very successful, and, I understand, still has a regular sale. Mr. Dodgson most gladly gave his consent to the dramatisation of his story by so talented an authoress, and shortly afterwards Mrs. Kroeker brought out "Through the Looking-Glass" in a similar form.

_Jan._ 17, 1881.--To the Lyceum to see "The Cup" and
"The Corsican Brothers." The first is exquisitely put on,
and Ellen Terry as Camma is the perfection of grace, and
Irving as the villain, and Mr. Terriss as the husband, were
very good. But the piece wants substance.

_Jan._ 19_th_.--Tried to go to Oxford, but the
line is blocked near Didcot, so stayed another night in
town. The next afternoon the line was reported clear, but
the journey took 5 hours! On the day before the Dean of Ch.
Ch. and his family were snowed up for 21 hours near Radley.

_March_ 27_th_.--Went to S. Mary's and stayed for
Holy Communion, and, as Ffoulkes was alone, I mustered up
courage to help him. I read the exhortation, and was pleased
to find I did not once hesitate. I think I must try
preaching again soon, as he has often begged me to do.

_April_ 16_th_.--Mr. Greenwood approves my theory
about general elections, and wants me to write on it in the
_St. James's Gazette_. (The letter appeared on May 5,
1881.)

_May_ 14_th_.--Took the longest walk (I believe) I
have ever done--round by Dorchester, Didcot and Abingdon--27
miles--took 8 hours--no blisters, I rejoice to find, and I
feel very little tired.

_May_ 26_th_.--The row-loving men in College are
beginning to be troublesome again, and last night some 30 or
40 of them, aided by out-College men, made a great
disturbance, and regularly defied the Censors. I have just
been with the other Tutors into Hall, and heard the Dean
make an excellent speech to the House. Some two or three
will have to go down, and twelve or fifteen others will be
punished in various ways. (A later note says): The
punishments had to be modified--it turned out that the
disturbers were nearly all out-College men.

Mr. Dodgson sent a letter to _The Observer_ on this subject:--

Sir,--Your paper of May 29th contains a leading article on
Christ Church, resting on so many mis-statements of fact
that I venture to appeal to your sense of justice to allow
me, if no abler writer has addressed you on the subject, an
opportunity of correcting them. It will, I think, be found
that in so doing I shall have removed the whole foundation
on which the writer has based his attack on the House, after
which I may contentedly leave the superstructure to take
care of itself. "Christ Church is always provoking the
adverse criticism of the outer world." The writer justifies
this rather broad generalisation by quoting three instances
of such provocation, which I will take one by one.

At one time we are told that "The Dean ... neglects his
functions, and spends the bulk of his time in Madeira." The
fact is that the Dean's absence from England more than
twenty years ago during two successive winters was a sad
necessity, caused by the appearance of symptoms of grave
disease, from which he has now, under God's blessing,
perfectly recovered.

The second instance occurred eleven years ago, when some of
the undergraduates destroyed some valuable statuary in the
Library. Here the writer states that the Dean first
announced that criminal proceedings would be taken, and
then, on discovering that the offenders were "highly
connected," found himself "converted to the opinion that
mercy is preferable to stern justice, and charity to the
strict letter of the law." The facts are that the punishment
awarded to the offenders was deliberated on and determined
on by the Governing Body, consisting of the Dean, the
Canons, and some twenty Senior Students; that their
deliberations were most assuredly in no way affected by any
thoughts of the offenders being "highly connected"; and
that, when all was over, we had the satisfaction of seeing
ourselves roundly abused in the papers on both sides, and
charged with having been too lenient, and also with having
been too severe.

The third instance occurred the other night. Some
undergraduates were making a disturbance, and the Junior
Censor "made his appearance in person upon the scene of
riot," and "was contumeliously handled." Here the only
statement of any real importance, the alleged assault by
Christ Church men on the Junior Censor, is untrue. The fact
is that nearly all the disturbers were out-College men, and,
though it is true that the Censor was struck by a stone
thrown from a window, the unenviable distinction of having
thrown it belongs to no member of the House. I doubt if we
have one single man here who would be capable of so base and
cowardly an act.

The writer then gives us a curious account of the present
constitution of the House. The Dean, whom he calls "the
right reverend gentleman," is, "in a kind of way, master of
the College. The Canons, in a vague kind of way, are
supposed to control the College." The Senior Students "dare
not call their souls their own," and yet somehow dare "to
vent their wrath" on the Junior Students. His hazy, mental
picture of the position of the Canons may be cleared up by
explaining to him that the "control" they exercise is
neither more nor less than that of any other six members of
the Governing Body. The description of the Students I pass
over as not admitting any appeal to actual facts.

The truth is that Christ Church stands convicted of two
unpardonable crimes--being great, and having a name. Such a
place must always expect to find itself "a wide mark for
scorn and jeers"--a target where the little and the nameless
may display their skill. Only the other day an M.P., rising
to ask a question about Westminster School, went on to speak
of Christ Church, and wound up with a fierce attack on the
ancient House. Shall we blame him? Do we blame the wanton
schoolboy, with a pebble in his hand, all powerless to
resist the alluring vastness of a barndoor?

The essence of the article seems to be summed up in the
following sentence: "At Christ Church all attempts to
preserve order by the usual means have hitherto proved
uniformly unsuccessful, and apparently remain equally
fruitless." It is hard for one who, like myself, has lived
here most of his life, to believe that this is seriously
intended as a description of the place. However, as general
statements can only be met by general statements, permit me,
as one who has lived here for thirty years and has taught
for five-and-twenty, to say that in my experience order has
been the rule, disorder the rare exception, and that, if the
writer of your leading article has had an equal amount of
experience in any similar place of education, and has found
a set of young men more gentlemanly, more orderly, and more
pleasant in every way to deal with, than I have found here,
I cannot but think him an exceptionally favoured
mortal.--Yours, &c.

Charles L. Dodgson,

_Student and Mathematical Lecturer of Christ Church_.

In July began an amusing correspondence between Mr. Dodgson and a "circle-squarer," which lasted several months. Mr. Dodgson sent the infatuated person, whom we will call Mr. B--, a proof that the area of a circle is less than 3.15 the square of the radius. Mr. B--replied, "Your proof is not in accordance with Euclid, it assumes that a circle may be considered as a rectangle, and that two right lines can enclose a space." He returned the proof, saying that he could not accept any of it as elucidating the exact area of a circle, or as Euclidean. As Mr. Dodgson's method involved a slight knowledge of trigonometry, and he had reason to suspect that Mr. B--was entirely ignorant of that subject, he thought it worth while to put him to the test by asking him a few questions upon it, but the circle-squarer, with commendable prudence, declined to discuss anything not Euclidean. Mr. Dodgson then wrote to him, "taking leave of the subject, until he should be willing to enlarge his field of knowledge to the elements of Algebraical Geometry." Mr. B--replied, with unmixed contempt, "Algebraical Geometry is all moon-shine." _He_ preferred "weighing cardboard" as a means of ascertaining exact truth in mathematical research. Finally he suggested that Mr. Dodgson might care to join in a prize-competition to be got up among the followers of Euclid, and as he apparently wished him to understand that he (Mr. B--) did not think much of his chances of getting a prize, Mr. Dodgson considered that the psychological moment for putting an end to the correspondence had arrived.

Meanwhile he was beginning to feel his regular College duties a terrible clog upon his literary work. The Studentship which he held was not meant to tie him down to lectures and examinations. Such work was very well for a younger man; he could best serve "the House" by his literary fame.

_July_ 14_th._--Came to a more definite decision
than I have ever yet done--that it is about time to resign
the Mathematical Lectureship. My chief motive for holding on
has been to provide money for others (for myself, I have
been many years able to retire), but even the £300 a year I
shall thus lose I may fairly hope to make by the additional
time I shall have for book-writing. I think of asking the
G.B. (Governing Body) next term to appoint my successor, so
that I may retire at the end of the year, when I shall be
close on fifty years old, and shall have held the
Lectureship for exactly 26 years. (I had the Honourmen for
the last two terms of 1855, but was not full Lecturer till
Hilary, 1856.)

_Oct_. 18_th_.--I have just taken an important
step in life, by sending to the Dean a proposal to resign
the Mathematical Lectureship at the end of this year. I
shall now have my whole time at my own disposal, and, if God
gives me life and continued health and strength, may hope,
before my powers fail, to do some worthy work in
writing--partly in the cause of mathematical education,
partly in the cause of innocent recreation for children, and
partly, I hope (though so utterly unworthy of being allowed
to take up such work) in the cause of religious thought. May
God bless the new form of life that lies before me, that I
may use it according to His holy will!

_Oct. 21st_.--I had a note in the evening from the
Dean, to say that he had seen the Censors on the subject of
my proposed resignation at the end of the year, and that
arrangements should be made, as far as could be done, to
carry out my wishes; and kindly adding an expression of
regret at losing my services, but allowing that I had
"earned a right to retirement." So my Lectureship seems to
be near its end.

_Nov. 30th_.--I find by my Journal that I gave my
_first_ Euclid Lecture in the Lecture-room on Monday,
January 28, 1856. It consisted of twelve men, of whom nine
attended. This morning, I have given what is most probably
my _last_: the lecture is now reduced to nine, of whom
all attended on Monday: this morning being a Saint's Day,
the attendance was voluntary, and only two appeared--E.H.
Morris, and G. Lavie. I was Lecturer when the _father_
of the latter took his degree, viz., in 1858.

There is a sadness in coming to the end of anything in life.
Man's instincts cling to the Life that will never end.

_May 30, 1882._--Called on Mrs. R--. During a good part
of the evening I read _The Times_, while the party
played a round game of spelling words--a thing I will never
join in. Rational conversation and _good_ music are the
only things which, to me, seem worth the meeting for, for
grown-up people.

_June 1st._--Went out with Charsley, and did four miles
on one of his velocimans, very pleasantly.

The velociman was an early and somewhat cumbrous form of tricycle; Mr. Dodgson made many suggestions for its improvement. He never attempted to ride a bicycle, however, but, in accordance with his own dictum, "In youth, try a bicycle, in age, buy a tricycle," confined himself to the three-wheeled variety.

_Nov. 8th_.--Whitehead, of Trinity, told us a charming
story in Common Room of a father and son. They came up
together: the son got into a College--the father had to go
to New Inn Hall: the son passed Responsions, while his
father had to put off: finally, the father failed in Mods
and has gone down: the son will probably take his degree,
and may then be able to prepare his father for another try.

Among the coloured cartoons in Shrimpton's
window at Oxford there used to be, when I was
up, a picture which I think referred to this story.

_Nov. 23rd._--Spent two hours "invigilating" in the
rooms of W.J. Grant (who has broken his collar-bone, and is
allowed to do his Greats papers in this way) while he
dictated his answers to another undergraduate, Pakenham, who
acted as scribe.

_Nov. 24th_.--Dined with Fowler (now President of
C.C.C.) in hall, to meet Ranken. Both men are now mostly
bald, with quite grey hair: yet how short a time it seems
since we were undergraduates together at Whitby! (in 1854).

_Dec 8th._--A Common Room Meeting. Fresh powers were
given to the Wine Committee, and then a new Curator elected.
I was proposed by Holland, and seconded by Harcourt, and
accepted office with no light heart: there will be much
trouble and thought needed to work it satisfactorily, but it
will take me out of myself a little, and so may be a real
good--my life was tending to become too much that of a
selfish recluse.

During this year he composed the words of a song, "Dreamland." The air was _dreamed_ by his friend, the late Rev. C. E. Hutchinson, of Chichester. The history of the dream is here given in the words of the dreamer:--

I found myself seated, with many others, in darkness, in a
large amphitheatre. Deep stillness prevailed. A kind of
hushed expectancy was upon us. We sat awaiting I know not
what. Before us hung a vast and dark curtain, and between it
and us was a kind of stage. Suddenly an intense wish seized
me to look upon the forms of some of the heroes of past
days. I cannot say whom in particular I longed to behold,
but, even as I wished, a faint light flickered over the
stage, and I was aware of a silent procession of figures
moving from right to left across the platform in front of
me. As each figure approached the left-hand corner it turned
and gazed at me, and I knew (by what means I cannot say) its
name. One only I recall--Saint George; the light shone with
a peculiar blueish lustre on his shield and helmet as he
turned and slowly faced me. The figures were shadowy, and
floated like mist before me; as each one disappeared an
invisible choir behind the curtain sang the "Dream music." I
awoke with the melody ringing in my ears, and the words of
the last line complete--"I see the shadows falling, and
slowly pass away." The rest I could not recall.

DREAMLAND.

Words by LEWIS CARROLL.

Music by C.E. HUTCHINSON.

When midnight mists are creeping
And all the land is sleeping
Around me tread the mighty dead,
And slowly pass away.

Lo, warriors, saints, and sages,
From out the vanished ages,
With solemn pace and reverend face
Appear and pass away.

The blaze of noonday splendour,
The twilight soft and tender,
May charm the eye: yet they shall die,
Shall die and pass away

But here, in Dreamland's centre,
No spoiler's hand may enter,
These visions fair, this radiance rare,
Shall never pass away

I see the shadows falling,
The forms of eld recalling;
Around me tread the mighty dead,
And slowly pass away

One of the best services to education which Mr. Dodgson performed was his edition of "Euclid I. and II.," which was published in 1882. In writing "Euclid and His Modern Rivals," he had criticised somewhat severely the various substitutes proposed for Euclid, so far as they concerned beginners; but at the same time he had admitted that within prescribed limits Euclid's text is capable of amendment and improvement, and this is what he attempted to do in this book. That he was fully justified is shown by the fact that during the years 1882-1889 the book ran through eight editions. In the Introduction he enumerates, under the three headings of "Additions," "Omissions," and "Alterations," the chief points of difference between his own and the ordinary editions of Euclid, with his reasons for adopting them. They are the outcome of long experience, and the most conservative of teachers would readily accept them.

The proof of I. 24, for example, is decidedly better and more satisfactory than the ordinary proof, and the introduction of the definition of "projection" certainly simplifies the cumbrous enunciations of II. 12 and 13. Again, the alternative proof of II. 8, suggested in the Introduction, is valuable, and removes all excuse for omitting this proposition, as is commonly clone.

The figures used are from the blocks prepared for the late Mr. Todhunter's well-known edition of Euclid, to which Mr. Dodgson's manual forms an excellent stepping-stone.

At the beginning of 1883 he went up to town to see the collection of D. G. Rossetti's pictures in the Burlington Gallery. He was especially struck with "Found," which he thus describes--

A picture of a man finding, in the streets of London, a girl
he had loved years before in the days of her innocence. She
is huddled up against the wall, dressed in gaudy colours,
and trying to turn away her agonised face, while he, holding
her wrists, is looking down with an expression of pain and
pity, condemnation and love, which is one of the most
marvellous things I have ever seen done in painting.

_Jan_. 27, 1883 [His birthday].--I cannot say I feel
much older at 51 than at 21! Had my first
"tasting-luncheon"; it seemed to give great satisfaction.
[The object of the Curator's "tasting-luncheon" was, of
course, to give members of Common Room an opportunity of
deciding what wines should be bought.]

_March_ 15_th._--Went up to town to fulfil my
promise to Lucy A.--: to take her for her _first_ visit
to the theatre. We got to the Lyceum in good time, and the
play was capitally acted. I had hinted to Beatrice (Miss
Ellen Terry) how much she could add to Lucy's pleasure by
sending round a "carte" of herself; she sent a cabinet. She
is certainly an adept in giving gifts that gratify.

_April_ 23_d_.--Tried another long walk--22 miles,
to Besilsleigh, Fyfield, Kingston, Bagpuize, Frilford,
Marcham, and Abingdon. The last half of the way was in the
face of wind, rain, snow, and hail. Was too lame to go into
Hall.

* * * * *