Chapter XIX: Letter IV (6)

[246] This is a mistake on Busbecq’s part. The first German immigrants came to Transylvania at the invitation of Geisa II., king of Hungary, in the times of Conrad III. and Frederick Barbarossa, _i.e._, about the middle of the twelfth century. Most of them came from the Lower Rhine. They still form distinct communities, marrying only among themselves, and are known as Saxons.

[247] See note 1, page 415.

[248] A similar legend is told of St. Raymond, a Spanish saint, who lived in the thirteenth century. He was confessor to Don James, King of Aragon. In the words of Mrs. Jameson (_Legends of the Monastic Orders_, p. 421), ‘the latter’ (the King) ‘had but one fault; he was attached to a certain beauty of his court from whom Raymond in vain endeavoured to detach him. When the King summoned his confessor to attend him to Majorca, the saint refused unless the lady were left; the King affected to yield, but soon after their arrival in Majorca, Raymond discovered that the lady was also there in the disguise of a page; he remonstrated; the King grew angry; Raymond intimated his resolution to withdraw to Spain; the King forbad any vessel to leave the port, and made it death to any person to convey him from the island. The result is thus gravely related: St. Raymond, full of confidence in God, said to his companion, “An earthly King has deprived us of the means of escape, but a heavenly King will supply them!” Then walking up to a rock which projected into the sea, he spread his cloak on the waters, and setting his staff upright and tying one corner to it for a sail, he made the sign of the cross, and boldly embarked in this new kind of vessel. He was wafted over the surface of the ocean with such rapidity that in six hours he reached Barcelona. This stupendous miracle _might_ perhaps have been doubted, if five hundred credible witnesses had not seen the saint land on the quay at Barcelona, take up his cloak, which was not even wetted by the waves, throw it round him, and retire modestly to his cell; more like an humble penitent than one in whose favour Heaven had so wonderfully wrought.’

[249] This feat is by no means impossible. See Hone’s _Everyday Book_, ii. p. 771-9.

[250] A receipt by which this feat may be accomplished is given in the _Booke of Secrets_ of Albertus Magnus, imprinted at London by H. Jackson. ‘Take the juice of Bismalua, and the white of an egge, and the seed of an herb called Psillium, also Pulicarius herba, and break it into powder, and make a confection, and myxe the juice of Radysh with the white of an egge. Anoynt thy body or hand with this confection, and let it be dryed, and after anoynte it againe; after that thou mayest suffer boldely the fire without hurt.’ (See Hone’s _Everyday Book_, ii. p. 774.) Similar feats were performed before Evelyn. (_Diary_, p. 370.)

[251] See note, page 226.

[252] Treaty of Cateau Cambrésis, concluded between France and Spain, April 3, 1559.

[253] ‘Alvaro de Sandé fit tres bien à la bataille de Gerbes, là où combattant vaillamment il fut pris et mené à Constantinople en signe de triumphe et presenté au grand Solyman, qui le fit garder fort curieusement et estroictment, en faisant serment sur son grand dieu Mahom(!) qu’il ne luy feroit jamais plus la guerre, et qu’il vieilliroit et mourroit en prison sans le vouloir jamais mettre à rançon; car il sçavoit bien que le roy d’Espagne son maistre le rechapteroit de beaucoup. Enfin, voyant que pour or ny argent il ne le pouvoit faire rançonner ny avoir, il envoya prier avec grande suplication le roy Charles, son beau et bon frere, par le moyen de ceste bonne Reyne d’Espaigne sa sœur, d’envoyer une ambassade vers le Grand Seigneur pour le luy demander et le luy donner; dont le Roy (comme je le vis moy estant lors à la Cour) despescha aussitost M. le chevalier de Salvyaty, qui a esté depuis premier escuyer de la reyne de Navarre, homme fort digne pour ceste charge, et fort habile, qu en fit l’ambassade, avec danger de sa vie, pourtant qu’il courut par les chemins, me dict il à son retour. Le Grand Seigneur du commancement en fit un peu de refus à ce qu’il me dict; mais vaincu par prieres du Roy, il ne l’en voulut refuser, et le luy accorda pour la premiere demande qu’il luy avoit faicte, parce que c’estoit son avenement à la couronne: outre plus, luy envoya les plus belles offres du monde. Par ainsy ledict chevalier s’en retourna libre avec son prisonnier, qui ne pensoit rien moins à cela devoir à nostre Roy sa vie et sa liberté.’—_Brantôme_, i. 218.

It is needless to point out the absurdities and gross inaccuracies of this account, which is given by Salviati’s friend. It is contradicted by the despatches of the French representative at Constantinople, which show that Salviati’s mission was a complete failure: ‘Solyman ne se souvenant plus de ses parolles et de ce qu’il avoit escrit au roy dernièrement par M. le chevalier Salviati, que sa foy ne permettoit point de délivrer les chrestiens pris en bataille, accorda la délivrance desdits trois chevaliers espagnols, à la premiere requeste et instance que Ferdinand luy en a faicte soubz ombre de cent cinquante esclaves turcqs qu’ilz ont promis dellivrer.’—Charrière, _Négotiations de la France dans le Levant_, ii. 704.

[254] ‘Quant à l’aultre point des chevalliers espagnols délivrez, Ali me dit que certainement leur foy ne permettoit point délivrer les chrestiens pris en bataille, mais que le Grand Seigneur ayant remis ce pesché sur ses bassats, ils avoient trouvé par leur loy que pour eschange d’esclaves en tel nombre que les Espagnols promettent, et faire un bien public comme la paix, leur foy, comme par une indulgence spécialle, permettoit ladite délivrance.’—_Charrière_, ii. 706.

[255] See page 156.

[256] These ants are mentioned first by Herodotus, iii. c. 102, where he gives an account of the stratagem by which the Indians steal the gold thrown up by them as they burrow. The most plausible conjecture is that which identifies this animal with the Pangolin or Ant-eater. See Blakesley’s and Rawlinson’s notes on the passage, in the latter of which the statement in the text is referred to.

[257] This headdress must have resembled that of the Janissaries Busbecq saw at Buda. See p. 87 and note.

[258] Aleppo is really a considerable distance from the Euphrates.

[259] The date of Bajazet’s death was September 25, 1561.

[260] See note, page 108.

[261] See _Sketch of Hungarian History_.

[262] Compare page 159.

[263] Theriac, the original form of the word treacle, is derived from θηρίον, i.e. a venomous serpent (see Acts xxviii. 4). It originally meant a confection of vipers’ flesh, which was popularly believed to be the most potent antidote to vipers’ poison. Hence the word came to mean any antidote against poison.

[264] The value of this balsam is illustrated by the amusing account of the adventures in Ireland of Jean de Montluc, Bishop of Valence, given by Sir James Melville in his _Memoirs_ (page 10, Bannatyne Club edition). Like his friend Busbecq (see vol. ii. p. 34, _Letter to Maximilian_, XI.) he had been ambassador at the Turkish Court, and was afterwards sent in the same capacity to Scotland. On his return he paid a visit to Ireland to intrigue with the chieftains who were hostile to England. Melville, then a boy of fourteen, was sent back with him by Mary of Guise, the Queen Regent, to be a page to her daughter Queen Mary. They landed on Shrove Tuesday, 1550, in Lough Foyle, and were taken to Odocarte’s house. A woman, who had been brought to entertain the bishop, and was kept quietly in his chamber, ‘found a little glass within a case standing in a window, for the coffers were all wet by the sea waves that fell in the ship during the storm. But she believed it had been ordained to eat, because it had an odoriphant smell; therefore she licked it clean out; which put the bishop in such a rage that he cried out for impatience.... But the Irishmen and his own servants laughed at the matter, for it was a phial of the only most precious balm that grew in Egypt, which Solyman the great Turk had given in a present to the said bishop, after he had been two years ambassador for the King of France in Turkey, and was esteemed worth two thousand crowns.’

[265] See p. 86.

[266] Here we part from the gallant Spaniard. For his future career see note p. 317. He was finally Governor of Oran, ‘où il a finy ses jours fort vieux et cassé.’—_Brantôme_, i. 219.

[267] The then Duke, or rather Elector, of Saxony, was Augustus the Pious, who succeeded his brother, the famous Maurice, in 1553, and died in 1586. The Duke of Bavaria was Albert III., surnamed the Magnanimous, who reigned from 1550 to 1579. His wife was a daughter of Ferdinand. William the Rich was then Duke of Juliers, Cleves and Berg, &c. He reigned from 1539 to 1592, and he also had married a daughter of Ferdinand. He was younger brother of Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII.’s fourth wife.

[268] Ferdinand might have defended himself by the example of his predecessor Sigismund. See the story in Carlyle’s _Frederick the Great_, i. 187, of his speech at the Council of Constance. “‘Right Reverend Fathers, date operam ut illa nefanda schisma eradicetur,’ exclaimed Sigismund, intent on having the Bohemian schism well dealt with,—which he reckons to be of the feminine gender. To which a Cardinal mildly remarking, ‘Domine, schisma est generis neutrius (Schisma is neuter, your Majesty),’ Sigismund loftily replies, ‘Ego sum Rex Romanus et super grammaticam (I am King of the Romans, and above Grammar)!’”

[269] An allusion to Horace, _Odes_, iii. 3, 1-10.

[270] In the battle of Nicopolis, A.D. 1396, Bajazet defeated Sigismund, King of Hungary (afterwards Emperor), and a confederate army of 100,000 Christians, who had proudly boasted that if the sky should fall, they would uphold it on their lances. Among them was John, Count of Nevers, son of Philippe-le-Hardi, Duke of Burgundy, afterwards the Duke known as Jean Sans-Peur, who led a contingent of French knights. In the battle of Varna, A.D. 1444, Ladislaus, King of Hungary and Poland, was defeated, and killed by Sultan Amurath II. For Mohacz, see _Sketch of Hungarian History_.

[271] Compare Camoens: ‘Eu nunca louvarei o general que diz “Eu não cuidei.”—I will never praise the general who excuses himself by saying, “I thought not.”’

[272] See _Sketch of Hungarian History_.

[273] The Suleimanyeh, or mosque of Solyman, is the most glorious masterpiece of Ottoman architecture. It is built after the pattern of St. Sophia, and was intended to surpass it. As regards the regularity of the plan, the perfection of the individual parts, and the harmony of the whole, that intention appears to have been fully attained. It was begun in 1550 and finished in 1555.

[274] Johann Trautson von Matray, Freiherr von Sprechenstein, &c., descended from an ancient Tyrolese family, was Governor of the Tyrol, and Privy Councillor and Lord High Chamberlain to Ferdinand, who created him a Baron. Leonard von Harrach, a member of an ancient Bohemian family, Privy Councillor and Court Chancellor of Ferdinand, is probably the person meant.

[275] Mattioli or Matthioli, an Italian physician, was one of the founders of modern botany. He was born at Siena in 1500, and died at Trent in 1577. He was educated at Venice and Padua, and afterwards lived at Siena and Rome, but was compelled by the sack of the latter city to retire to Trent, from which he removed to Goritz. In 1562 he was summoned by Ferdinand to his Court, where for ten years he was first physician to Maximilian. His most celebrated work is his _Dioscorides_ and his _Commentary_ on that author. In this he made especial use of two MSS. discovered at Constantinople by his intimate friend Busbecq, one of which is presently mentioned in the text.

Mattioli in his _Commentaries_, continually refers to the specimens and information he had received from Quacquelben, Busbecq’s physician. He gives a figure and description of the _Acorus_, the plant mentioned in the text, which Busbecq had had collected for him from the Lake of Nicomedia, and also mentions the _Napellus_ under the head of Aconite. Apparently there were two species known by that name, one of which was extremely poisonous. Mattioli gives instances of experiments tried with it upon condemned criminals, some of which proved fatal. Mattioli also describes and gives figures of the horse-chestnut and lilac, taken from branches and seed sent him by Busbecq.

Quacquelben took advantage of the return of Busbecq’s colleagues in August 1557, to send Mattioli a box of specimens accompanied by a long letter, which, with Mattioli’s reply, is printed among the letters of the latter.

[276] The sweet or aromatic flag was used as a medicine in cases of bites from mad dogs, &c. See Salmon’s _Herbal_. It was also used for scenting rooms, and for ornamental purposes. See Evelyn’s description of Lady Clarendon’s seat at Swallowfield: ‘The waters are flagg’d about with _Calamus aromaticus_, with which my lady has hung a closet that retains the smell very perfectly,’ _Diary_, p. 490. See also Syme’s _English Botany_, vol. ix. p. 11.

[277] See page 389.

[278] Matarieh, a village near Cairo, occupies the site of the ancient On or Heliopolis, where Cleopatra’s Needles originally stood.

[279] See page 256 and note.

[280] This MS. was purchased by the Emperor, and is still preserved at Vienna. It is one of the most ancient and remarkable MSS. in existence. It was written at Constantinople, towards the end of the fifth century, for Juliana Anicia, daughter of the Emperor Olybrius, who died A.D. 472. On the second and third pages are two miniatures, each representing seven famous botanists and physicians assembled in consultation. Among those represented in the second are Dioscorides himself and Cratevas. On the fifth page is a picture of Dioscorides engaged in the composition of his work. Visconti considers that the resemblance of the two portraits of Dioscorides proves that they were taken from a real original, and are not imaginary. On the sixth page is a picture of Juliana Anicia seated on a throne between two allegorical figures of Wisdom and Magnanimity. A winged Cupid, above whom is written ‘The Love of the Creator of Wisdom,’ is presenting her with an open book, while a kneeling figure entitled Gratitude is kissing the feet of the princess. Engravings of these pictures, which, apart from their antiquity, are remarkable as works of art, are given by Visconti, _Iconographie Grecque_, vol. i. ch. 7, and by Montfaucon, _Palæographia Græca_, bk. iii. ch. 2. Throughout the MS. the description of each plant is illustrated by a figure.

Dioscorides was a famous botanist and physician, who wrote a celebrated treatise on Materia Medica. Cratevas was a Greek herbalist, who is supposed to have lived about the beginning of the first century B.C. The great work of Busbecq’s friend, Mattioli (see note 1 page 415), was his edition of _Dioscorides_.

END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.

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_INDEX TO THE LETTERS._

_Aa_, John Van der, member of Ferdinand’s privy council, presents
Busbecq to Ferdinand, i. 78

_Abbot_ of Turkish Monastery—his alleged miracles, i. 363-365

_Achmet_ Pasha, appointed Grand Vizier, i. 118;
his character, 119;
Busbecq and his colleagues visit, 152;
strangled, 176;
details of his execution, 189-190;
many of his retainers join Bajazet, 275

_Aconite_ or Napellus, used by Turkish pilgrim, i. 362

_Acorus calamus_, plant sent by Busbecq to Mattioli, i. 415

_Adrianople_, town of, i. 107;
Solyman’s winter residence, 198;
Busbecq summoned thither, 199;
earthquake there, 200

_Affenstein_, commander of German reiters, killed, ii. 104

_Aga_ of the Janissaries, mentioned, i. 232, 285

_Agiamoglans_, name of a class among the Christian tribute children,
i. 306, and _note_

_Aigues-Mortes_, seaport in Languedoc, surprised by the Huguenots,
ii. 42, and _note_;
Italian nobles captured by the Huguenots taken thither, 155

_Akschehr_, town in Asia Minor taken by Bajazet, i. 273

_Albacar_, Spanish physician sent by Busbecq to Lemnos, i. 416

_Albanians_, a Georgian tribe, i. 246

_Albanians or Epirotes_, ii. 143, and _note_

_Aldegonde_, St., a prisoner in the hands of the Royalists, ii. 4;
said to be sent by the States as envoy to Alençon, 198;
made burgomaster of Antwerp, 210

_Alençon_, Francis, Duke of, afterwards Duke of Anjou, waiting at Lyons
for his brother, ii. 7;
his constitution delicate, 43;
at the Cardinal de Lorraine’s funeral, 46;
at the ball given on the Marquis de Nomeny’s marriage, 81;
his restless spirit, 95;
supposed to have dealings with the Huguenots, 96;
accompanies the Queen to the gates of Paris, _ib._;
his flight and his motives, 100-104, and _note_;
expected to return to Blois, 105;
demands that the negotiations be held at Blois instead of Poitiers,
114;
supposed to have instigated du Guast’s murder, 116;
interferes in his quarrel with Thoré, 118;
takes possession of Châtelherault, 120;
demands Bourges and other towns, _ib._;
will probably come to terms, 131;
his expedition to the Netherlands, 141;
intends ravaging Hainault, 143;
sends to Italy to hire horse, _ib._;
a champion of the Catholics, 144;
reinforcements for him, 147;
witnesses the battle at Ghent, 148;
disposition of his troops, 149;
expects to visit England 156;
prevails on citizens of Antwerp to admit 300 French noblemen, 162;
his attempt to seize Antwerp, 166;
retreats to the monastery of St. Bernard, 167;
and thence to Dendermonde, 168;
his probable course of action, _ib._;
blackness of his conduct, 170;
excuses made for it, _ib._;
complete breach with citizens of Antwerp, 173;
his ill-regulated mind, 174;
proposed compromise with him, 174-175;
chooses Dunkirk as his residence, 179;
reported to be concerned in fresh disturbances, 180;
ill at Dunkirk, 181;
presents Fervaques with an abbacy, _ib._;
sends Pibrac to Antwerp, _ib._;
writes to stop his mother from coming, 182;
meets her at La Fère, 185;
has lost everything in Netherlands but Cambrai, 186;
returns to France, _ib._;
said to be going to marry the daughter of the Duke of Lorraine,
194;
said to have handed over Cambrai to his brother, 195;
his probable plans, _ib._;
appointed by the king his Lieutenant with limited powers, 196;
at Cambrai in great want of money, 198;
envoys to him from the States, _ib._;
likely to come to Paris, 199;
goes to Château Thierry, 201;
intends to winter at Angers, 202;
goes to Laon, _ib._;
will not come to court, 203;
his rumoured negotiations with Spain for sale of Cambrai, 204;
changes his plans, will winter at Château Thierry, 206;
his humiliating position, _ib._;
suspected attempt to murder, 209;
about to receive an embassy from the Netherlands, 210;
urges his claim to be made Lieutenant-General of the kingdom, 212;
visits his mother, 213;
by her advice approaches the king submissively, _ib._;
advised to secure the favour of Joyeuse and Epernon, _ib._;
returns to Château Thierry, 214;
his serious illness, 216;
reported to be in a decline, 217;
given over, 218;
confined to his bed, 219;
importance of his death for France, _ib._;
his death, 221;
his character, _ib._;
preparations for his funeral, _ib._;
said to have bequeathed Cambrai to his mother, 222;
his funeral, 223

_Ali_ Pasha, second vizier, and afterwards Grand Vizier, his origin
and character, i. 157, 342;
banquet given by him to Persian ambassador, 157;
his foolish speech, 234;
becomes Grand Vizier, 334;
grants Busbecq’s request to leave his house, _ib._;
sends a cavasse to him, 342;
contrasted with Roostem, 343-345;
his interviews with Busbecq, 345;
his policy, 346;
his accident, _ib._;
conversation with Busbecq about the invasion of Moldavia, 349-351;
helps to procure the release of Busbecq’s servants, 368;
sends him sweetmeats, 375;
informs him of Bajazet’s death, 385;
his presents to him on his departure, 388;
what he wished in return, 391

_Ali_ Pasha, the eunuch, appointed to the command in Hungary, i. 236;
visited by Busbecq and his colleagues, 237;
description of him, _ib._;
his operations in Hungary, _ib._;
his rashness checked by a Sanjak-bey, 238;
his discomfiture and death, 239;
his speech on the loss of Gran, 240

_Alost_, taken by Alençon, ii. 143

_Alva_, the Duke of, his death, ii. 162

_Amasia_, capital of Cappadocia, description of, i. 150-151;
Bajazet ordered thither, 267

_Amber_, great quantities of it exported to Turkey and Persia, i. 257

_Amiens_, attempt to surprise, ii. 88

_Amurath I._, Sultan, his death, i. 153, and _note_

_Ancyranum Monumentum_, account of the, i. 142-143, and _note_

_Angers_, town of, demanded by Alençon, ii. 120;
Alençon going to winter there, 202

_Angers_, citadel of, held by de Brissac, ii. 245;
surprised by Huguenots, 248;
its destruction ordered, 249

_Angoulême_, town of, demanded by Alençon, ii. 120

_Angora_, town of, description of the, i. 142;
Bajazet occupies and raises forced loan from merchants of, 275

_Angora_ goats, i. 137, and _note_;
manufacture of mohair from their hair, 143

_Annonay_, town in the Vivarais, siege of, ii. 9, and _note_

_Ant_, Indian, as large as a dog, sent as a present by the Shah to
Solyman, i. 375, and _note_

_Antonio_, Don, pretender to the crown of Portugal, his Constable
killed, ii. 146;
returns to France, 161;
goes to Dieppe, _ib._;
engaged in equipping a fleet, 178;
expenses of his household at Ruel, 183;
his new fleet reaches the Azores, 188;
said to be intended as the commander of the French forces in the
Netherlands, 235

_Antwerp_, the French Fury at, ii. 164-168;
tumult against Orange there, 176;
strictly blockaded, 231;
hard pressed, 236;
equipment of fleet to relieve, 240;
cutting the dykes near, _ib._;
the bridge destroyed, 247;
gunpowder sent to Paris from, 254

_Antwerp_, inhabitants of, their kind treatment of the prisoners,
ii. 169;
their statement, 171;
demand ransom, 173;
complete breach between them and Alençon, _ib._;
demand the execution of Fervaques, 175;
their confidence in Orange diminished, 185, 186;
ready to suffer the worst rather than submit, 217;
resolved to hold out, 229

_Archery_, Turkish skill in, i. 253

_Aremberg_, the Countess of, ii. 113, _note_;
writes to announce her arrival at Nancy, 114;
notice sent to her of date of the Queen’s departure, 126;
delayed in reaching Nancy by a mistake, 130

_Arslan Bey_, Sanjak-bey of Stuhlweissenburg, his feud with Veli Bey,
i. 244

_Arundel_, Earl of, arrested for conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth,
ii. 212;
will probably be pardoned, _ib._;
again arrested, 247

_Athenæus_, his statement as to the _pinna_ and _pinna guard_ referred
to, i. 339

_Aubigny_, Comte d’, and Duke of Lennox, reported to be besieged in
Scotland, ii. 148, and _note_

_Auger_, Edmund, the king’s confessor, rebuked by Catherine de Medici,
ii. 182

_Aumale_, the Duke of, accompanies the Queen to Bourg-la-Reine, ii. 96;
a leader of the League, 241;
seizes places in Normandy, 245

_Aumont_, Maréchal d’, with Navarre, ii. 262

_Auxonne_, town in Burgundy, its inhabitants charge their governor with
treason and pull down the fortifications, ii. 248-249

_Axylos_, woodless tract in Asia Minor, i. 215

_Babocsa_, a Hungarian fortress, i. 237

_Baden_, the Margrave of, meets the Queen, ii. 134

_Bailen_, the Comte de, Spanish ambassador, starts for Lyons, ii. 11;
arrives at Paris, 22;
leaves Paris, 28

_Baily_, title of the Venetian ambassador, i. 226, _note_;
his interposition, 226;
unable to help the imprisoned pilgrims, 352;
his surprise at the release of Busbecq’s servants without a bribe,
368

_Bairam_, the feast of, parents allowed to see their married daughters
at, i. 229, and _note_;
description of its celebration by the Turkish army, 302-304

_Bajazet I._, Sultan, indignities he and his wife received from
Tamerlane, i. 112

_Bajazet II._, Sultan, defeats his son Selim, i. 108

_Bajazet_, son of Solyman, his mother’s favourite, i. 179;
implicated in the rising of Mustapha, the Pretender, 180, 185;
his interview with his father, 187-189;
his story continued, 264-281;
conspires against his brother, 265;
removed from Kutaiah to Amasia, 267;
complains of his new government, _ib._;
accuses his brother, 268-269;
prepares for war, 270;
sends back Pertau Pasha, 271;
his message to Solyman, 272;
takes town of Akschehr, 273;
occupies Angora, and raises a forced loan from the merchants, 275;
his appearance and character, 275-276;
marches on Koniah, 277;
his speech to his army, 277-278;
his gallant conduct, 278;
defeated at Koniah, retreats to Amasia, 279;
reputation acquired by him, 280;
sounds his father’s disposition, 298;
warned by his friends to beware of him, 301;
one of his spies executed, _ib._;
starts on his flight to Persia, 302;
his rapidity, 304;
his stratagems to deceive the Pashas of Siwas and Erzeroum,
304-305;
offers double pay to soldiers joining him, 306;
crosses the Araxes and enters Persia, 306-307;
his speech to the Shah’s envoys, 307;
his reception by the Shah, 308;
his message to his father, 309;
atrocious speech of one of his officers, _ib._;
is seized and thrown into prison, 311;
conjectures as to his probable fate, 311-312;
the end of his story, 375, 378-381;
his execution, 381;
his four sons share his fate, _ib._;
execution of his infant son at Broussa, 382

_Balagny_, Governor of Cambrai, ii. 205, and _note_;
his tyrannical conduct there, 227

_Baldi_, Philip, an Italian sent to Busbecq by the Emperor, i. 259;
mentioned again, 263

_Baldwin_, Count of Flanders and Latin Emperor of Romania—taken and
killed by the Bulgarians, i. 105, and _note_;
mentioned, 130, _note_

_Balsam_, given by Ali Pasha to Busbecq, i. 388;
its value, 389, and _note_;
doubts thrown on its genuineness, 416

_Balsam-tree_, not now to be found in Asia Minor, i. 142

_Basilicus_, John, Greek adventurer—his story, i. 347, _note_;
invades Moldavia, 347

_Baths_, intrigues carried on in them by Turkish women, i. 231

_Bavaria_, the Duke of, attends the coronation at Frankfort, i. 399,
and _note_;
his health, ii. 134;
his handsome reception of the Queen, _ib._;
thinks the Danube her best route, _ib._;
presses her to remain, _ib._

_Bavaria_, the Duchess of, sends messages and letters to the Queen,
ii. 3

_Bavaria_, Ferdinand, Duke of, meets the Queen, ii. 134

_Bavaria_, William, Duke of, with his wife meets the Queen at Nancy,
ii. 129;
consulted as to her route, 133, 137;
his kindness to her, 135;
goes to Vienna, 137

_Belgrade_, town of, described, i. 93;
sieges and capture of, by the Turks, 94;
fertility of the neighbourhood, 165

_Bellegarde_, Roger de Saint-Lary de, Marshal, sent as ambassador to
Poland, ii. 61, and _note_;
said to have fallen sick, 66

_Bellièvre_, Pomponne de, Ambassador of Charles IX. in Poland, ii. 49,
and _note_;
likely to be sent to the Netherlands, 169;
sent to Alençon, 172;
stays behind to arrange matters, 174;
returns from Antwerp, 181;
sent to King of Navarre, 203

_Belon_ (_Bellonus_), Pierre, French traveller and physician, his
mistake about the hyena, i. 140;
referred to for figure of the _pinna_, 339

_Bergen_, town in Brabant, taken by the Hollanders under their
protection, ii. 217

_Bernard_, Monastery of St., outpost established there by garrison
of Lier, ii. 148;
Alençon passes the night there after the French Fury, 167

_Berry_, Duchy of, the Queen’s dower partly charged on it, ii. 109

_Besançon_, attempt to surprise, ii. 88

_Besme_, murderer of Coligny, taken prisoner by the Huguenots,
ii. 99, and _note_

_Beyler-bey of Greece_, the, sent to Selim’s assistance, i. 271;
sent in pursuit of Bajazet, 305;
in command of the troops on the Persian frontier, 378

_Billy_, Seigneur de, killed at the Antwerp bridge, ii. 247

_Birague_, Cardinal de, Chancellor of France, ii. 39;
Busbecq’s interview with him, 87;
contributes to forced loan, 98;
his death and character, 208, and _note_

_Biron_, Marshal, the probable commander in the Netherlands, ii. 147;
takes the command there, 149-150;
asks for more cavalry, _ib._;
halts on the Somme, 154;
joins Alençon, 156;
his army, 157;
going to the Campine, 162;
said to be the author of the attempt on Antwerp, 165;
clears himself of all blame, 175;
his letter pressing Alençon to abandon the scheme discovered, 181;
retakes some small forts, 182;
defeated at Steenbergen, and wounded, 184;
at Antwerp pressing for money, 186;
returns to France, 195;
his attack on Cateau Cambrésis repulsed, 202;
with Navarre, 262

_Black Sea_, Busbecq’s visit to it, i. 129, 131;
Polybius wrong in supposing it was silting up, 132

_Blaye_, town near Bordeaux, garrisoned by the younger de Lansac,
ii. 245

_Blois_, Busbecq obliged to go thither, ii. 141;
king there, 229;
Busbecq goes thither to condole with him in the Queen’s name
on Alençon’s death, 230

_Blot_, Hugo de, recommended by Busbecq to Maximilian as librarian,
ii. 73-74, and _note_

_Bodin_, Jean, paper relating to French Fury attributed to him,
ii. 171, and _note_

_Bokhara_, city of, visited by Turkish pilgrim, i. 360

_Bonnivet_, de, defends Endhoven, ii. 182

_Bosphorus_, description of the Thracian, i. 129, 131;
for distinction between it and the Cimmerian Bosphorus,
see 111, _note_

_Bouchain_, taken by Alençon, ii. 144

_Bouillon_, Godfrey de, first King of Jerusalem, mentioned, i. 250

_Bouillon_, the Duc de, warns the King of the Guises’ preparations,
ii. 241, and _note_

_Bourbon_, Charles, Cardinal de, claims to be successor to the throne,
ii. 228;
reported to intend to give up his orders and to marry the Duchesse
de Montpensier, _ib._;
joins the Guises, 239;
nominally their chief leader, 241;
claims the succession to the throne, 242;
changes his cardinal’s robes for a soldier’s dress, 243;
with the Duke of Guise, 246;
a prisoner, 253, and _note_;
Parliament issues decrees in his name as Charles X., 256;
the Legate summons the people of Langres to acknowledge him as
their king, 257

_Bourbon_, House of, its position, ii. 40;
will be heirs presumptive to the crown on Alençon’s death, 218

_Bourges_, demanded by Alençon, ii. 120;
likely to surrender to Navarre, 255

_Brabant_, people of, pronounce _sevene_ differently from the Flemings,
i. 358;
arrival of ambassadors from them, ii. 214;
all except Antwerp and Bergen likely to submit, 217

_Breda_, peace negotiations opened there, ii. 54

_Brissac_, de, a Leaguer, seizes the citadel of Angers, ii. 245,
and _note_

_Broussa_, execution of Bajazet’s infant son there, i. 382

_Bruges_, obliged to call in garrison of Menin for its protection,
ii. 194;
said to have submitted, 219;
receives a Spanish garrison, 222

_Brussels_, to be Alençon’s residence, ii. 175;
declined by him, 179;
threatened by Parma, 182;
inclined to go over to him, 183;
thinking of surrendering, 229;
surrenders, 236

_Buda_, city of, description of the, i. 89;
hot springs there, 90

_Buda_, the Pasha of, Busbecq’s interviews with, i. 169, 396;
see also _Touighoun_ Pasha

_Bulgarians_, their bread, i. 103;
dress of their women, _ib._;
their origin, history, and language, 105, and _note_

_Buren_, town in Gelderland, taken, ii. 90, and _note_

_Burgundian_ secretary, letter from him to Busbecq, i. 233

_Busbecq_, Ogier Ghiselin de, at marriage of Philip and Mary, i. 77;
summoned to Vienna, _ib._;
bids his family farewell, _ib._;
sees Don Pedro at Brussels, _ib._;
travels to Vienna, _ib._;
interview with Ferdinand, 78;
visits Malvezzi, _ib._;
returns to Vienna, 82;
prepares for journey and starts, _ib._;
reaches Komorn, _ib._;
Gran, 83;
Buda, 85;
makes acquaintance with the Janissaries, 86-87;
his interview with the Pasha, 91;
embarks for Belgrade, 92;
collects coins, 93, 94, 139, 141;
journeys through Servia, 95;
disgusted with Turkish inns, 98;
lodges in a stable, 99;
how he got wine, 100;
reaches Sophia, 102;
Philippopolis, 106;
Adrianople, 107;
Constantinople, 111;
visits the ex-vizier Roostem, _ib._;
sees the sights of Constantinople, 122, _et seq._;
has a dead giraffe dug up for examination, 128;
visits the Bosphorus and Black Sea, 129, 131;
starts for Amasia, 133;
passes through Nicomedia, 134;
Nicæa, 135;
Angora, 139;
enjoys sherbet and preserved grapes, 147;
reaches Amasia, 150;
visits Achmet Pasha and the other viziers, 152;
his first audience of Solyman, 152-153;
his second, 158;
leaves Amasia, 159;
ill of fever, 161;
reaches Constantinople, _ib._;
leaves, 162;
finds _scordium_, 164;
has another fever, 166;
in danger from brigands, 167-8;
visits Pasha of Buda, 169;
compensates a Turk for his nose, 171;
recovers from his fever, _ib._;
reaches Vienna, _ib._;
effects on him of his hardships, _ib._;
sent back to Constantinople, 175;
arrives there, 176;
unfavourably received by the Pashas, 176-178;
left alone at Constantinople, 193;
his politic conduct, 194-197;
summoned to Adrianople, 199;
alarmed by an earthquake, 200;
returns to Constantinople, 201;
hires a house, _ib._;
sent back to his former lodging, _ib._;
his menagerie, 204;
shoots kites, 212;
his partridges, _ib._;
his horses, 214;
his camels, 218;
complains of his letters being intercepted, 234;
Roostem tries to convert him, 235;
his interview with Ali Pasha, the eunuch, 237;
his amusements and occupations, 252;
practises the Turkish bow _ib._;
his visitors, 257;
his retort on Roostem, 264;
sees the Sultan leave Constantinople, 281-287;
his retorts on his cavasse, 287;
summoned to the Turkish camp, _ib._;
his sojourn and observations there, 287-297;
presents Ferdinand’s gifts to the Sultan, 297;
witnesses the celebration of the Bairam, 302-304;
his policy influenced by Bajazet’s fortunes, 313;
apologises for his long letter, 314;
overwhelmed by the news of the Spanish defeat, 316;
rescues the standard of the Neapolitan galleys, 322;
becomes surety for Don Juan de Cardona, 325;
his charity to the Spanish prisoners, 326-330;
fears he will lose the money advanced to them, 329;
good effects of his example, 330;
the plague in his house, _ib._;
allowed to import wine for his private use, 332;
his request to leave his house on account of the plague refused
by Roostem, 333;
granted by Ali, 334;
visits Quacquelben on his death-bed, 335-336;
erects a monument to him, 337;
goes to Prinkipo, _ib._;
his fishing there, _ib._;
his walk with the friar, 340;
his acquaintance with the Metropolitan Metrophanes, 341-342;
Pashas afraid he may escape, 342;
returns to Constantinople, _ib._;
interview with Roostem, 343;
Ferdinand’s bounty to him, 344;
his inquiries for Ali, 347;
alarmed by the invasion of Moldavia, 349;
interview with Ali on the subject, 349-351;
sends home the released pilgrims, 353;
accused by Lavigne as a Spanish spy, 354;
his interview with Goths from the Crimea, 355-359;
with Turkish pilgrims, 359-364;
feats of a mountebank he saw at Venice, 365;
his confinement relaxed, _ib._;
refuses to appease the Cadi by a bribe, 368;
writes to encourage de Sandé, 372;
asks Ferdinand to intercede for the Spanish prisoners, 373;
argues with his cavasse on predestination, 383-384;
fears the effect of Bajazet’s death on his negotiations, 385;
hears of his death from Ali, _ib._;
makes inquiries of his friends, _ib._;
his precautions in concluding peace, 387;
his presents from Ali, 388-389;
starts for home, 390;
a good walker, 391;
recovers his appetite, _ib._;
his application to Ibrahim, 395;
reaches Buda, 396;
visits the Pasha, _ib._;
reaches Gran and Vienna, 397;
informs Ferdinand of his arrival, _ib._;
is graciously received by him, 398;
longs for home, 399;
prefers retirement to a court, 399-400;
his high opinion of Hannibal, 408;
books, plants, animals, &c.,
brought back by him, 414-417;
sent a physician to Lemnos, 416;
his journey to Paris, ii. 3;
stays at Speyer from illness, _ib._;
his second visit to Spain, 4, _note_;
reaches Paris, 5;
his interviews with Queen Elizabeth, 5-7;
dissatisfied with the dower business, 14;
asks for instructions, _ib._;
his forecast of the future, 15;
his conversation at Kaiserslautern, _ib._;
complains of Paris prices, 19;
intends going to the Netherlands, _ib._;
his interview with Pibrac, 29;
his conversation about the dower with the Bishop of Paris
and others, 33;
asks for credentials, 34;
goes to Lyons and sees the Spanish ambassador, _ib._;
sails to Avignon, 35;
visited by Bishop Montluc at Valence, 36;
his interviews with the King and Queen-Mother, 36, 37;
with the Bishops of Orleans and Limoges, 37;
sees the siege of Livron, 44;
draws up ciphers, 48;
asks for his salary, 50, 58, 93, 112;
hopes Maximilian will pardon his being addressed as ambassador, 50;
asks for instructions and a speedy answer, 51, 52;
intends going to Brussels, 52;
at Brussels, 53;
returns to Paris and delivers Maximilian’s letter to the King, 55;
his audiences of the Queen-Mother, the Queen and the King, 59;
recommends Hugo de Blot as librarian, 73;
asks Maximilian in the Queen’s name to intercede for Montmorency,
75;
his interview with the Portuguese ambassador, 76;
suggests, if the Queen marries the King of Portugal, the economy
of sending her direct from Paris, 78;
suggests his recall, 83;
asks for new credentials, 84;
also for watches as presents, 84, 93;
which are refused, 115;
his audience of the King, 85;
his interviews with Birague and de Morvilliers, 87;
requested by Maximilian to remain in Paris, 93;
his answer to the Duke of Brunswick’s envoy, 94;
hopes the Queen will not be long in Paris, 97;
his audiences of the King, 106, 107;
is to accompany the Queen as her chief chamberlain, 128;
complains of the non-payment of de Vulcob’s advances, 132;
writes to Governor of Upper Austria, 136;
obliged to go to Blois on the Queen’s business, 141;
his audience of the King, _ib._;
asks for settlement of the purchase of the Greek books, 163, 188,
200;
his account of the French Fury at Antwerp, 164-168;
asks for St. Hilaire’s discharge, 188;
goes to Blois to condole with the King in the Queen’s name on
Alençon’s death, 230;
fears his despatches will be stopped, 247;
some actually missing, 250;
seldom has opportunity of sending a letter, _ib._;
fears the town where he will be attacked, 255;
calls the Emperor’s attention to the Queen’s position, 256;
his description of Navarre and Parma and their respective armies,
261-264

_Busbecq’s house_ at Constantinople, description of, i. 201-203

_Busbecq’s servants_, their first taste of Turkish luxury, i. 84;
wine as good as feather-beds to them, 100;
their practical joke, 124;
quarrel between them and some Janissaries, 295-296;
quarrel of two of them with the Cadi of Pera, 365-368;
scuffle of one with a Janissary, 393

_Bussy d’Amboise_, notorious duellist, his end, ii. 191, and _note_

_Cadi_ of Pera, his quarrel with Busbecq’s servants, and its
consequences, i. 365-368

_Caen_, seaport in Normandy, held by the Marquis of Elbœuf, ii. 245

_Cæsar._ See _Julius Cæsar_

_Calloo_, fort of, near Antwerp, held by Parma, ii. 226

_Calvi_, of Genoa, and _Capello_, of Milan, sent out of France on
suspicion of sending money to Parma, ii. 151

_Cambrai_, its restoration demanded by the States, ii. 173;
besieged by Parma, 183;
hard pressed, 186;
said to be handed over to the King of France, 195;
Alençon there, 198;
its unsafe state, 202;
reported disturbances there, 203;
origin of reports, 204;
Alençon thinks of selling it to Philip, _ib._;
held by Balagny, 206 and 205, _note_;
King about to take it under his protection, 214;
said to be bequeathed by Alençon to his mother, 222;
a thorn in the side of Artois and Hainault, _ib._;
said to be made to swear allegiance to the Queen-Mother, 225;
its restoration to Spain one of the terms demanded by the League,
246

_Camelopard_, dead, dug up and described by Busbecq, i. 128

_Camels_, description of, i. 218;
numbers of them in the Sultan’s baggage-train, 219

_Campine_, district in the Netherlands, Biron going to the, ii. 162

_Cape Sheep_, i. 138, and _note_

_Capello._ See _Calvi_

_Caravanserai_, description of a, i. 97

_Carestran_, the meeting-place between Bajazet and his father, i. 187

_Cardona_, Don Juan de, Spanish officer, manages to get left at Chios,
i. 323;
is ransomed by his brother-in-law, with Busbecq’s help, 325

_Casimir_, John, son of the Elector Palatine, sketch of him, ii. 15,
_note_;
king undertakes to pay him 500,000 francs, 127;
his covenant for mutual defence with Condé, _ib._;
sends one of his officers to Elizabeth, 130;
will not hear of a truce, 131;
sends to Queen of England about the Cologne business, 184;
application to him suggested in congress of Middelburg, 202

_Castella_, Don Juan de, Spanish officer, his gallant conduct, i. 320

_Cat_, the, preferred by Turks to the dog, i. 225;
Mahomet’s, _ib._

_Cateau Cambrésis_, treaty of, Turks indignant at, i. 369

_Cateau Cambrésis_, town of, taken by Parma, ii. 157;
annoyance caused by its garrison, 162;
Biron’s attempt on it repulsed by Parma, 202

_Cathay_, or China, account of, given by a Turkish pilgrim, i. 359-362

_Catherine de Medici_, Queen of France, waits for her son at Lyons,
ii. 7;
offended at Pibrac’s advice, 10;
supposed to favour war in order to keep her power, 11, 50;
threatens execution of Montmorency, if his brothers invade France,
16;
grants Busbecq an audience, 36;
her power over the King, 37;
given good advice by Maximilian, 38;
her illness from walking in a procession at night, 45;
fancies she sees the Cardinal’s ghost, 46, and _note_;
offers the Queen her services, 55;
her unpopularity, 57;
her regard for Maximilian, 59;
tries to keep Alençon quiet, 95;
follows him, 102;
interview between them, 103;
regrets she cannot bid Elizabeth farewell, 122;
concludes a six months’ truce with Alençon, 126;
intends visiting certain towns to persuade them to admit him, 127;
invested with the government in the King’s absence, 145, 183;
grants Don Antonio an audience, 161;
her claims on Portugal, _ib._ and _note_;
her exclamation on hearing of the French Fury, 167;
intends visiting Alençon, 180;
indignant at his folly, 181;
disgusted at the King’s neglect of his duties, 182;
rebukes his confessor, _ib._;
Alençon puts off her visit, _ib._;
goes to Boulogne to see him, 184;
meets him at La Fère, 185;
incensed with her daughter for her conduct, 193;
returns to La Fère, 194;
goes to Alençon at Château Thierry, 202;
and then to Laon, _ib._;
returns to Paris, 203;
again goes to Alençon, 209;
visited by him, 213;
her advice to him, _ib._;
visits him, 217;
said to be sick with grief, 218;
her grief for Alençon genuine, 221;
importuned by Netherland ambassadors, 224;
strongly supports their appeal to the King, 225;
resolved to keep Cambrai, 228;
goes to the Loire, _ib._;
her hatred of Spain, 235;
her answer to the Netherland ambassadors, 237;
with the Duke of Guise, 246

_Cavasses_, nature of their office, i. 85, 201;
Busbecq’s cavasse induces the Pashas to confine him in his old
quarters, 201;
their general behaviour to Busbecq, 258;
rudeness of one, and Busbecq’s retaliation, 259-260;
one tries to prevent Busbecq seeing the Sultan’s departure, 281;
Busbecq retorts on him, 287;
Busbecq’s argument with his cavasse on predestination, 383-384.

_Champagny_, M. de, brother of Cardinal Granvelle, in danger at Ghent
on account of alleged conspiracy ii. 209

_Chanvallon_, M. de, former favourite of Alençon, and lover of the
Queen of Navarre, flies to Germany, ii. 193;
his manners and appearance, _ib._

_Charité_, La, town of, demanded by Alençon, ii. 120

_Charlemagne_, the Emperor, dispersed the Saxons, i. 359;
House of Guise said to be descended from him, ii. 238

_Charles V._, the Emperor, his truce with the Turks, i. 78;
Turkish recollection of his victories, 318;
standard with his arms rescued by Busbecq, 322-323;
etiquette at his court, ii. 159-160

_Charles IX._, King of France, questions as to his leaving a will,
ii. 33;
had appointed his brother Henry his Lieutenant, 104

_Charlotte de Bourbon_, daughter of the Duke of Montpensier,
her marriage with the Prince of Orange, ii. 66, and _note_;
her death, 142

_Chartres_, attempt on town of, ii. 98;
Nevers’ head-quarters, 102;
said to have gone over to Navarre, 255

_Chattes_, M. de, a Knight of Malta, commanding Don Antonio’s fleet,
ii. 188

_Chederle_, fabulous hero identified by the Turks with St. George,
legend of, i. 148-150

_Chios_, tame partridges from, i. 212;
how reared, 213;
its Genoese inhabitants, and its form of government, 323,
and _note_;
Spanish officers left there, _ib._

_Cicero_, his statements as to the _pinna_ and _pinna-guard_ referred
to, i. 339

_Ciphers_, Pashas puzzled by supposed, i. 233;
Busbecq draws some up, ii. 48

_Claudius_, the Emperor, the story of his murder alluded to, i. 172

_Clervant_, M. de, Huguenot leader, taken prisoner, ii. 104, and _note_

_Cocq_, Jerome de, Busbecq asks his salary to be paid to, ii. 50

_Codignac_, M. de, French Ambassador at Constantinople, his quarrel
with his successor, i. 370

_Coins_, ancient, found by Busbecq, i. 94, 139, 141

_Colchians._ See _Mingrelians_

_Cologne_, disturbances at, ii. 162, and _note_;
King hopes to profit by them, 185

_Compiègne_, attempt to surprise, ii. 88

_Condé_, Prince de, expected to take the field, ii. 32;
messenger from him at Avignon, 41;
some wish him sent to Hungary against the Turk, 49;
likely to invade France, 68;
terms of peace to be referred to him, 70;
suggestion that he should go to assist Orange, 72;
said to be coming with an army, 88;
Mezières appointed as his residence, 127;
his covenant for mutual defence with Casimir, _ib._;
will not hear of a truce, 131;
spoken of for the command in the Netherlands, 233;
marriage reported between him and Navarre’s sister, _ib._;
report of a bull declaring him disqualified to succeed to the
throne, 243, 249;
marches on Angers, but fails in his enterprise, 248

_Constantinople_, description of, and its antiquities, &c., i. 122-127;
the Sultan’s sons not allowed to enter, 187;
entry of Turkish fleet into, 321

_Cossé_, Maréchal de, imprisoned in the Bastile, ii. 8;
sketch of him, _ib._, _note_;
his illness, 19;
will probably go with Montmorency to Alençon, 105

_Crane_, story of a Balearic, i. 207

_Cratevas_, a Greek herbalist, fragments of, in Busbecq’s MS. of
Dioscorides, i. 417, and _note_

_Dadian_, King of the Mingrelians, his appearance and character,
i. 245;
his capture and escape, 246-247;
his presents to Solyman, 251-252

_Dalmatian_ horseman, his objection to fire-arms, i. 241-242

_Damville_, Comte de, afterwards Duc de Montmorency, sketch of him,
ii. 11, _note_;
summoned by the King, _ib._;
said to have caused Montpellier to revolt, 22;
to have made an attempt on Avignon, 23;
prepares to defend himself, 32;
carries war through Languedoc and Guienne, 56;
report of his death, 68, and _note_;
terms of peace to be referred to him, 70;
comes to life again, 77;
King wishes to deprive him of his government, 187;
intended campaign against him, 214;
pronounced contumacious by the Parliament, _ib._;
campaign given up, 218;
said to be appointed Constable of France by Navarre, 255.

_Dantzic_, amber merchant of, at Constantinople, i. 257

_Dauphin_, the Prince. See _Montpensier_

_Delegates_ from the rebels expected in Paris, and their demands,
ii. 57, 60;
sent back with the King’s answer, 60

_Dendermonde_, Alençon withdraws thither, ii. 168;
attacked by Parma, 226

_Denmark_, King of, application to the, suggested in Congress of
Middelburg, ii. 202;
his eldest daughter married to King James of Scotland, 258

_Derby_, Earl of, comes to Paris as the bearer of the Order of the
Garter from Queen Elizabeth to the King, ii. 234;
his magnificent reception, 237;
his departure, _ib._

_Diest_, town belonging to Prince of Orange, blockaded by Parma,
ii. 157;
surrenders to him, 162;
recovered by him, 183

_Dietrichstein_, Adam von, Austrian Baron, i. 325, _note_;
ransoms his brother-in-law, _ib._

_Dijon_, the Pope’s legate summons people of Langres to, ii. 257;
transfers their bishopric to, _ib._

_Dioscorides_, famous MS. of, found by Busbecq at Constantinople,
i. 417, and _note_

_Divan_, custom of entertaining ambassadors on leaving in the,
i. 159, 387;
meaning of the word, 197;
Busbecq and his colleagues summoned thither, _ib._;
scene there, 232-234;
de Sandé brought before, 325;
debate there as to whether Busbecq should be allowed to bring wine
into Constantinople, 332

_Divorce_, Turkish laws about, i. 230

_Dixmude_, hard pressed, ii. 194

_Djerbé_, account of the Spanish defeat at, i. 317, _note_, and 317-321

_Dodona_, the oak of, alluded to, i. 272

_Dorothea_, sister of the Duke of Lorraine, her marriage, ii. 124, 129

_Dower_, the Queen’s, Duchy of Berry said to be assigned as, ii. 20;
further reports about it, 26;
Pibrac’s statement about it, 30;
impossible to get the whole charged on Crown Lands, 53, 56;
two proposals as to settlement thereof, 85;
valuation made of property assigned for it, 108;
final arrangement about it, 109

_Duck_, species of, whose cry was like a post horn, i. 139

_Duel_, a, in France, ii. 188-191

_Duelling_, Turkish opinion about, i. 244

_Earthquake_, at Adrianople, i. 200;
at Constantinople, _ib._

_Egmont_, Count, Louise de Vaudemont his niece, ii. 51;
his brother compromised by Salceda’s evidence, 154

_Egypt_, eggs artificially hatched in, i. 214;
disaffected to the Turks, 273

_Elbœuf_, Marquis of, cousin of the Duke of Guise, one of the leaders
of the League, ii. 241;
seizes Caen, 245

_Elephant_, that danced and played ball, i. 128

_Elizabeth_, Queen of England, peace renewed between her and France,
ii. 60;
anecdote of her, 61;
said to have sent Alençon money, 143;
conspiracy against her, 212;
sends the Garter to the King, 235;
reported attempt on her life, 240;
offers the King 6,000 horse, 246;
fresh conspiracy against her, 247;
openly takes Holland and Zealand under her protection, 251

_Elizabeth_, daughter of Maximilian, widow of Charles IX., sends her
carriages for Busbecq, ii. 5;
her proposed marriage to Henry III., 6;
the general topic of conversation, 11;
her uncomfortable position in Paris, 14;
difficulties about her dower, _ib._;
her illness apprehended, 22;
her recovery, 24;
questions as to her future arrangements, 25;
report of her marriage to Henry III. discredited, 27;
her health, 29;
marriage with King of Portugal talked of, 30, 77;
arrangements as to her establishment and return, 31, 32;
wishes Busbecq to go to the King, 33;
her escort home, 47;
consults Busbecq as to her conduct to the new Queen, 51;
shows him the Queen-Mother’s letter, _ib._;
suggested for the governorship of the Netherlands, 54;
how her current expenses are to be provided, _ib._;
intends going to Amboise after Easter, 58;
anxious to see her daughter, but prevented by want of funds, 64;
no money to pay her servants, 65;
her position intolerable, 67;
longs to return and also to see her daughter, 78;
her poverty, _ib._;
her illness caused by anxiety, 79;
arrangements about her journey, 84, 115, 119, 123;
the municipality of Paris inclined to defray her expenses, 91;
requires money, 92;
receives proposal from Duke Eric of Brunswick, 94;
starts for Amboise, 96;
arrives there, 97;
the date of her departure, 109;
questions about her route, 110-111;
her anxiety to leave, 113;
sends Orleans wine to her father, 124;
starts from Paris, 128;
arrives at Nancy, 129;
present at the Duke of Brunswick’s wedding, _ib._;
sends courier to Madame d’Aremberg, 130;
arrives at Bâle, Augsburg, and Munich, 133, 134;
whether her route is to be by land or water, 133;
her health, 135; anxious to reach her father, 136;
her life and character, _ib._ _note_;
business relating to her, 141;
her rights disregarded, 172;
curtailment of her income from the troubles in France probable,
256

_Elizabeth_, daughter of the preceding, probably will not be allowed
to leave France, ii. 56;
is delicate, 58;
description of her, 97, and _note_

_Elkass_ Mirza, assisted by Solyman against his brother, Shah Tahmasp,
i. 301

_Endhoven_, town in Brabant, capitulates, ii. 182

_English_ ambassador suspected of intriguing with Alençon, ii. 99-100.;
See also _Derby_, Earl of

_Epernon_, Duke of, favourite of the King, applies for governorship
of Brittany, ii. 172;
King wishes the Duke of Lorraine to give him his daughter, 176;
description of him, 177;
King wishes to make him governor of Metz, 184;
Alençon advised to secure his interest, 213;
escorts Alençon on his departure, 214;
sent to the King of Navarre, 220;
honourably received by him, 223;
ill of scrofula, 230;
his reported marriage to Navarre’s sister, 242;
finds out where his hat is, 246;
sent to his command at Metz, 251

_Eric_, Duke of Brunswick, proposes for Elizabeth, ii. 94, and _note_;
reported preparations for his marriage to Dorothea, the Duke of
Lorraine’s sister, 124;
his wedding, 129

_Ernest_, the Archduke, suspected of being concerned in the affair
of Antwerp, ii. 168;
Philip II.’s daughter said to be betrothed to him, _ib._

_Erzeroum_, the Pasha of, how deceived by Bajazet, i. 304-305;
afterwards put to death by Selim, 305

_Espinoy_, Prince of, accompanies the Netherland ambassadors to France,
ii. 234

_Essek_, town of, famous battle there, i. 166

_Este_, the Cardinal of, applies for the honour of escorting the Queen,
ii. 55, and _note_;
accompanies her to Bourg-la-Reine, 96;
appointed to escort her, 126;
returns to Paris on account of plot to waylay him, 130

_Estrées_, d’, family of, banished from Court, ii. 13

_Etampes_, town of, taken by Navarre, ii. 252

_Eunuchs_ of Solyman’s bed-chamber, the chief of the, procures Pialé
Pasha’s pardon, i. 324;
de Sandé recalled at his wish, 326.
See also _Hassan_ Aga

_Evreux_, town of, threatened by Navarre, ii, 258

_Fast_, the Turkish, how kept, i. 290-291

_Ferdinand_, King of Hungary and Bohemia, King of the Romans
and afterwards Emperor, summons Busbecq to Vienna, i. 77;
Busbecq’s interview with him, 78;
sends Malvezzi to the Porte, _ib._;
recovers Transylvania, 79;
sends Zay and Wranczy to the Porte, 80;
engaged at the Imperial Diet, 172;
sends Busbecq back to Constantinople, 175;
his bounty to Busbecq, 344;
at Frankfort, 397;
receives Busbecq graciously, 398;
panegyric on him, 401-414;
his Fabian tactics, 409;
his difficulties, 411

_Ferdinand_, the Archduke, sees Busbecq at Vienna, i. 171-172;
commands at the relief of Szigeth, 237;
honour he thereby acquired, 239;
declines to give Ibrahim an audience except _incognito_, 398

_Ferrara_, the Duke of, a candidate for the Polish crown, ii. 43