Chapter XX: Discontented Dependencies

Reaction in England in 1849--Attacks in Parliament on the Queen’s Speech--Gagging Parliament--The Last Dying Struggle of the Protectionists--Repeal of the Navigation Laws--The Tory Attack on the Bishops--Protectionist Plans for Reducing Local Taxation--Coercion for Ireland--Peel’s Generosity to the Whigs Explained--Irish Mendicity and English Grants in Aid--A Policy of Pauperism and Doles--Small Minds in a Great Crisis--Peel’s Comprehensive Plan for Relieving Ireland--The Break-down of the Poor Law--The Queen and the Irish Landlords--Prince Albert’s Project for Reforming the Irish Poor Rate--Scandals at the Colonial Office--Ceylon--Demerara and Canada--The Loyal Rebels of Canada--Riots in Montreal--Attacks on Lord Elgin--An Examination and Defence of his Policy--The Test of Results--“Be Just and Fear Not” 371

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Portrait of the Queen (Woodbury Process) _Frontispiece_

Distant View of Windsor Castle 1

The Royal Arms _ib._

West Front of Kensington Palace 4

King William IV. 5

Claremont 8

Death of the Duke of Kent: Presenting the Commons’ Address of Condolence to the Duchess at Kensington Palace 9

Queen Caroline’s Drawing-Room, Kensington Palace 12

Queen Adelaide 13

The Duke of Kent 16

The Queen’s First Council (_After the Painting by Sir David Wilkie._) 17

Cowes Harbour 18

Gateway of St. James’s Palace 20

Queen Victoria at the Time of her Accession 21

Lord Melbourne 24

Proclamation of the Queen at St. James’s Palace 25

Banquet to the Queen in the Guildhall (November 9, 1837) 29

President Van Buren 33

The Earl of Durham 36

The Throne-Room, Buckingham Palace 37

The Coronation Chair, Westminster Abbey 40

The Coronation of the Queen (_After the Painting by Sir George Hayter_) 41

The Queen Receiving the Sacrament at her Coronation (_After the Painting by C. R. Leslie, R.A._) _To face_ 44

The Duchess of Kent 45

Newark Castle 48

Mr. Disraeli in his Youth (_After the Portrait by Maclise_) 49

The Council Chamber, St. James’s Palace 53

Coburg (_After a Sketch by Prince Albert_) 57

Prince Albert 61

The Marquis of Lansdowne 64

Interior of the Chapel Royal, St. James’s 65

Courtyard of St. James’s Palace 68

Duke Ernest, of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince Albert’s Brother 69

Marriage of Queen Victoria (_After the Painting by Sir George Hayter, R.A._) _To face_ 70

Buckingham Palace: Garden Front 73

Prince Albert’s Music-Room, Buckingham Palace 76

Mr. (afterwards Sir) Rowland Hill 77

Reception of the Queen in Hyde Park after the News of Oxford’s Attempt on her Life 81

Christening of the Princess Royal (_After the Painting by C. R. Leslie, R.A._) 85

Richard Cobden 88

Hatfield House 92

The Queen at the Launch of the _Trafalgar_ 93

Sir Robert Peel 96

Magdalen College, Oxford, from the Cherwell 97

John Keble 100

John Henry Newman _ib._

St. Mary’s, from the High Street, Oxford 101

King Leopold 104

St. George’s Chapel, Windsor 105

Ambassadors’ Court, St. James’s Palace 108

Costume Ball in Buckingham Palace 109

Eldred Pottinger at Herat 113

The Khyber Pass 116

Sir Robert and Lady Sale 117

The Remnant of an Army: Arrival of Dr. Brydon at Jelalabad (_Sketch of the Picture by Mrs. Butler_) 120

Dost Mahomed 121

Akbar Khan _ib._

Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh 124

The Queen’s Entry into Edinburgh 125

Lord John Russell (_From the Statue by J. E. Boehm, R.A._) 129

Lobby of the House of Commons 133

“Rebecca” Riot in South Wales 136

Lord Ashley (afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury) 137

Westminster Hall 141

The Queen’s Visit to France 144

The Earl of Aberdeen 145

Prince Albert Hunting near Belvoir Castle _To face_ 147

Chatsworth House, from the South-West 148

Lord Gough (_After the Portrait by Sir Francis Grant, P.R.A._) 149

Daniel O’Connell 153

The Four Courts, Dublin 156

Old Parliament House, Dublin 157

The Emperor Nicholas 161

Cathedral of St. Isaac, St. Petersburg 164

Joseph Mazzini 165

The Marble Hall, Buckingham Palace 168

The Queen and the Reapers at Blair Castle 169

Reception of Louis Philippe at Windsor Castle 173

Burleigh House, Stamford 176

Osborne, Isle of Wight 180

The Duke of Wellington at Windsor Castle 181

Maynooth College 184

Lord Lyndhurst 185

Favourite Dogs (_After Etchings by the Queen_) 186

The Overland Route: Scene at Boulak 189

View in Malines 193

The Queen and Prince Albert at the Children’s Fête in Coburg on St. Gregory’s Day 196

The Castle of the Wartburg 200

George Wilson, Chairman of the Anti-Corn-Law League 201

The Houses of Parliament 205

The Irish Famine: Starving Peasants at a Work-house Gate 208

Lord George Bentinck 209

The Deputation from London and Dublin Corporations before the Queen 213

Meeting of Agricultural Labourers at Wootton Bassett 217

Dog’s Head (_Drawn and Etched by the Prince Consort_) 219

The Queen Opening Parliament in 1846 _To face_ 220

Opening of Parliament in 1846: Arrival of the Royal Procession at the House of Lords 221

St. Stephen’s Cloisters, Westminster Hall 224

Lord Stanley (afterwards Earl of Derby) 225

Sir James Graham 228

View in Oregon: the Columbia River and Mount Hood 229

The British Army Crossing the Sutlej 232

The Battle of Ferozeshah 233

Sir Henry Hardinge 236

The Rival Pages (_Reduced Facsimile after Punch_) 237

Lord Campbell 240

The Horseguards, from the Parade Ground 241

Lord Macaulay 245

Pardoned: the Queen and the Deserter’s Death-Warrant 249

View in New Zealand: New Plymouth and Mount Egmont 252

View in Canton: the British Consulate 253

The Royal Palace, Madrid 257

Windsor Castle 261

The Queen Visiting a Cornish Iron Mine 264

On the Cornish Coast: Pradanack Point 265

The Municipal Dignitaries of Penryn introduced to the Prince of Wales _To face_ 266

Arundel (_After the Picture by Vicat Cole, R.A._) 268

Professor Faraday 269

The Lakes of Killarney 272

Glendalough Valley, Co. Wicklow: View in Glendalough 273

The Irish Famine: Interior of a Peasant’s Hut 276

Lord Brougham (1850) 277

The Bank of England 280

The Queen in the Royal Gallery, St George’s Chapel, 1846 (_After the Portrait by G. E. Dawe_) 281

Joseph Hume 284

The Woods Before the Emigrant: Virgin Forest in Canada 285

The Lower Ward, Windsor Castle 288

Lord Campbell’s Audience of the Queen 289

The Custom House, Dublin 292

The Grand Staircase, Buckingham Palace 293

Lord Palmerston 296

Queen’s College, Belfast 297

Prince Metternich 304

King’s College, Cambridge, from the “Backs” 305

St John’s College, Cambridge 308

The Prince-Chancellor of Cambridge University Presenting an Address to the Queen 309

Dr Whewell 312

The Queen in the Woodwardian Museum 313

Falmouth Harbour 316

The Royal Visit to Fingal’s Cave 317

Highland Cottages in Lochaber 321

The Revolution in Paris: Crowds Singing “Mourir pour la Patrie” 324

Landing of Louis Philippe at Newhaven 325

Bridge and Cattle, Newport, Mon. 328

Joseph Sturge 329

Feargus O’Connor 332

The Chartist Demonstration on Kennington Common 333

Chartist Agitation: the Police Force on Bonner’s Fields 336

William Smith O’Brien 337

Charles Gavan Duffy (1848) 340

The Irish Rebellion of 1848: Forging Pikes 341

The Exchange and Frederick’s Bridge, Berlin 344

The King of Prussia Addressing the Berliners 345

The Fountain of Cybele, Madrid 348

Baron Stockmar 349

Sir George Grey 353

From an Etching by the Queen 356

The South-East Corridor, Windsor Castle 357

Thomas Carlyle (_After the Medallion by T. Woolner, 1855_) 360

Christening of the Princess Louise in Buckingham Palace Chapel 361

View in Lochnagar 364

Professor Anderson at Balmoral 365

Prince Albert Deer-Stalking in the Highlands _To face_ 320

The Old Bridge, Invercauld 368

The Victoria Tower, Westminster Palace 369

Demonstration of Sailors in Favour of the Navigation Laws 372

The Earl of Clarendon, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 373

Interior of the House of Commons 376

Lord Elgin, Governor-General of Canada 377

Riots in Montreal: Lord Elgin Stoned by the Mob 380

Riots in Montreal: Burning of the House of Assembly 381

Old French House, Quebec 384

THE

LIFE AND TIMES OF QUEEN VICTORIA.