Chapter II: Preface: , pp. v-vii

INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR.

ANCIENT PERIOD:—

History of Linguists little known—Legendary Linguists—The
Jews—The Asiatics—The Greeks—Mithridates—Cleopatra—The
Romans—Prevalence of Greek under the Empire—The Early
Christians—Decline of the Study—Separation of the two
Empires—The Crusaders—Frederic II—The Moorish Schools
in Spain—Council of Vienne—Roderigo Ximenes—Venetian
travellers—Fall of Constantinople—Greeks in
Italy—Complutensian Polyglot, pp. 5-18.

MODERN PERIOD:—

I. _Linguists of the East._ Dragomans—Genus Bey—Jonadab
Alhanar—Interpreters in the Levant—Ciceroni at Mecca—Syrian
Linguists—The Assemani—Greeks—Armenians—The Mechitarists, pp. 18-24.

II. _Italian Linguists._ Pico della Mirandola—Teseo
Ambrosio—Pigafetta—Linguistic Missionary
Colleges—The Propaganda—Schools of the Religious Orders—
Giggei—Galani—Ubicini—Maracci—Podestà—Piromalli—Giorgi—De
Magistris—Finetti—Valperga de Galuso—The De Rossis, pp. 25-34.

III. _Spanish and Portuguese Linguists._ Fernando di
Cordova—Covilham—Libertas Cominetus—Arias Montanus—Del
Rio—Lope de Vega—Missionaries—Antonio Fernandez—Carabantes—
Pedro Paez—Hervas-y-Pandura, pp. 34-41.

IV. _French Linguists._
Postel—Polyglot-Pater-Nosters—Scaliger—Le
Cluse—Peiresc—Chasteuil—Duret—Bochart—Picquet—Le Jay—De la
Croze—Renaudot—Fourmont—Deshauterayes—De Guignes—Diplomatic
affairs in the Levant—De Paradis, Langlés—Abel Remusat—Modern
School, Julien, Bournouf, Renan, Fresnel, the d’Abbadies, pp. 41-58.

V. _German, Dutch, Flemish, and Hungarian Linguists._
Müller—(Regiomontanus)—Bibliander—Gesner—Christmann—Drusius—
Schultens—Maes—Haecx—Gramaye—Erpen—The
Goliuses—Hottinger—Kircher—Ludolf—Rothenacker—Andrew
Müller—Witzen—Wilkins—Leibnitz—Gerard
Müller—Schlötzer—Buttner—Michaelis—Catholic
Missionaries—Richter, Fritz, Widmann, Grebmer, Dobritzhofer,
Werdin—Berchtold, Adelung, Vater, Pallas, Klaproth, Niebuhr,
Humboldt and his School—Castrén, Rask, Bunsen, Biblical
Linguists—Hungarian Linguists—Csoma de Körös, pp. 59-81.

VI. _British and Irish Linguists._ Crichton—Andrews—Gregory—
Castell, Walton, Pocock, Ockley, Sale, Clarke, Wilkins,
Toland, “Orator” Henley, Carteret, Jones, Marsden, Colebrooke,
Craufurd, Lumsden, Leyden, Vans Kennedy, Adam Clarke, Roberts
Jones, Young, Pritchard, Cardinal Wiseman, Browning, Lee,
Burritt, pp. 81-99.

VII. _Slavonian Linguists._ _Russians_—Scantiness of
Materials—Early Period—Jaroslav, Boris—The Romanoffs—Beründa
Pameva, Peter the Great, Catherine I., Mentschikoff,
Timkoffsky, Bitchourin, Igumnoff, Giganoff, Tchubinoff,
Goulianoff, Senkowsky, Gretsch, Kazem-Beg—_Poles_—Meninski,
Groddek, Bobrowski, Albertrandy, Rzewuski,
Italinski—_Bohemians_—Komnensky, Dobrowsky, Hanka, pp. 99-110.

Miraculous gift of tongues—Royal Linguists—
Lady-Linguists—Infant Phenomena—Uneducated Linguists, pp. 110-121.

LIFE OF CARDINAL MEZZOFANTI.

CHAPTER I. (1774-98.)

Birth and family history—Legendary tales—Early
education—First masters—School friends—Ecclesiastical
studies—Illness and interruption of studies—Study of
languages—Anecdote—Ordination—Appointment as Professor of
Arabic—Deprivation of professorship, pp. 125-147.

CHAPTER II. (1798-1802.)

Straitened circumstances—Private tuition—The Marescalchi
family—The military hospitals—Manner of study—The Magyar,
Czechish, Polish, Russian, and Flemish languages—Foreigners—The
Confessional—Intense application—Examples of literary
labour, pp. 148-161.

CHAPTER III. (1803-1806.)

Appointed as Assistant Librarian of the _Istituto di
Bologna_—_Catalogue Raisonné_—Professorship of Oriental
Languages—Paper on Egyptian obelisks—De Rossi—Correspondence
with him—Polyglot translations—Caronni’s account of him—Visit
to Parma, Pezzana, Bodoni—Persian—Illness—Invitation to settle
at Paris—Domestic relations—Correspondence—Translations, pp. 162-190.

CHAPTER IV. (1807-14.)

Labour of compiling Catalogue—His skill as linguist tested by
the Russian Embassy—Deprivation of Professorship—Death of his
mother—Visit to Modena and Parma—Literary friends—Giordani’s
account—Greek scholarship—Bucheron’s trial of his
Latinity—Deputy Librarianship of University—Visitors—Lord
Guildford—Learned societies—Academy of Institute—Paper on
Mexican symbolic Paintings, pp. 191-204.

CHAPTER V. (1814-17.)

Restoration of the Papal Government—Pius VII. at
Bologna—Invites Mezzofanti to Rome—Re-appointment as
Professor of Oriental languages—Death of his father—Notices
of Mezzofanti by Tourists—Kephalides—Appointed head
librarian—Pupils—Angelelli—Papers read at Academy, pp. 205-18.

CHAPTER VI. (1817-20.)

Tourists’ Notices of Mezzofanti—Society in Bologna—Mr.
Harford—Stewart Rose—Byron—The Opuscoli Letterarj di
Bologna—Panegyric of F. Aponte—Emperor Francis I. at
Bologna—Clotilda Tambroni—Lady Morgan’s account of
Mezzofanti—Inaccuracies—The Bologna dialect—M. Molbech, pp. 219-40.

CHAPTER VII. (1820-28.)

Illness—Visit to Mantua, Modena, Pisa, and Leghorn—Solar
Eclipse—Baron Von Zach—Bohemian—Admiral Smyth—The Gipsy
language—Blume—Armenian—Georgian—Flemish—Pupils—Cavedoni,
Veggetti, Rosellini—Foreigners—Daily duties—Correspondence—
Death of Pius VII.—Appointment as member of Collegio dei
Consultori—Jacobs’ account of him—Personal appearance—Cardinal
Cappellari—Translation of Oriental Liturgy—Mezzofanti’s
disinterestedness—Birmese, pp. 241-70.

CHAPTER VIII. (1828-30.)

Visit of Crown Prince of Prussia—Trial of skill in
languages—Crown Prince of Sweden—M. Braunerhjelm—Countess of
Blessington—Irish Students—Lady Bellew—Dr. Tholuck—Persian
couplet—Swedish—Cornish Dialect—Frisian—Abate
Fabiani—Letters—Academy of the Filopieri, pp. 271-86.

CHAPTER IX. (1831.)

Political parties at Bologna—M. Libri’s account of
Mezzofanti—Hindoo Algebra—Indian literature and history—Indian
languages—Manner of study—Revolution of Bologna—Delegates to
Rome—Mezzofanti at Rome—Reception by Gregory XVI.—Visit to the
Propaganda—Dr. Cullen—Polyglot conversation—Renewed Invitation
to settle at Rome—Consents—Calumnies of revolutionary party—Dr.
Wordsworth—Mr. Milnes—Removal to Rome, pp. 287-300.

CHAPTER X. (1831-33.)

Rome a centre of many languages—Mezzofanti’s pretensions
fully tested—Appointments at Rome—Visit to the Chinese
College at Naples—History of the College—Study of
Chinese—Its difficulties—Illness—Return to Rome—Polyglot
society of Rome—The Propaganda—Amusing trials of
skill—Gregory XVI.—Library of Propaganda rich in rare
books on languages—Appointed First Keeper of the Vatican
Library—Letters, pp. 301-17.

CHAPTER XI. (1834.)

The Welsh language—Dr. Forster—Dr. Baines—Dr. Edwards—Mr.
Rhys Powell—Flemish—Mgr. Malou—Mgr. Wilde—Canon Aerts—Pere
van Calven—Pere Legrelle—Dutch—M. Leon—Dr. Wap—Mezzofanti’s
extempore Dutch verses—Bohemian—The poet Frankl—Conversations
on German and Magyar Poetry—Maltese—Padre Schembri—Canonico
Falzou—Portuguese—Count de Lavradio, pp. 318-37.

CHAPTER XII. (1834-36.)

The Vatican Library—Mezzofanti’s colleagues—College of St.
Peter’s—Mezzofanti made Rector—His literary friends in
Rome—Angelo Mai—Accademia della Cattolica Religione—He reads
papers in this Academy—Gregory XVI.’s kindness—Cardinal
Giustiniani—Albani—Pacca—Zurla—Polyglot party at Cardinal
Zurla’s in his honour—Opinions regarding him—Number of
his languages—Mr. Mazzinghi—Dr. Cox—Dr. Wiseman—Herr
Fleck—Greek Epigram—Herr Fleck’s criticisms—Mezzofanti’s
Latinity—His English—Dr. Baines—Cardinal Wiseman—Mr. Monckton
Milnes—Mezzofanti’s style formed on books—Lady Morgan’s opinion
of his English—Swedish Literature—Professor Carlson—Count
Oxenstjerna—Armenian Literature—Mgr. Hurmuz—Padre Angiarakian
Arabic of Syria—Greek Literature—Mgr. Missir—Romaic—Abate
Matranga—Polish Literature—Sicilian—The poet Meli, pp. 338-54.

CHAPTER XIII. (1836-38.)

Californian students in Propaganda—Californian
language—Mezzofanti’s success in it—Nigger Dutch of
Curaçoa—American Indians in Propaganda—Augustine
Hamelin—“The Blackbird”—Mezzofanti’s knowledge of Indian
languages—Dr. Kip—Algonquin—Chippewa Delaware—Father
Thavenet—His studies in the Propaganda—Arabic—Albanese—Mr.
Fernando’s notice of him—Cingalese—East Indian
languages—Hindostani—Mahratta—Guzarattee—Dr. M’Auliffe—Count
Lackersteen—M. Eyoob—Chinese, difficulty of—Chinese
students—Testimony of Abate Umpierres—Cardinal Wiseman—West
African languages—Father Brunner—Angolese—Oriental
languages—Paul Alkushi—“Shalom”—Letter, pp. 355-72.

CHAPTER XIV. (1838-41.)

Created Cardinal—The Cardinalate—Its history, duties,
emoluments, congregations, offices—Mezzofanti’s
poverty—Kindness of Gregory XVI.—Congratulations
of his Bolognese friends—The Filopieri—Polyglot
congratulations of the Propaganda—Friends among the
Cardinals—His life as Cardinal—Still continues to acquire
new languages—Abyssinian—M. d’Abbadie—His visit to
Mezzofanti—Basque—Amarinna—Arabic—Ilmorma—Mezzofanti’s
failure—Studies Amarinna—Abyssinian Embassy to Rome—Their
account of the Cardinal—The Basque language—M. d’Abbadie—Prince
L.L. Bonaparte—M. Dassance—Strictures on Mezzofanti—Mrs.
Paget—Baron Glucky de Stenitzer—Guido Görres—Modesty of
Mezzofanti—Mr. Kip—Görres—Cardinal Wiseman—Mezzofanti among
the pupils of the Propaganda, pp. 373-97.