Chapter I: Preface: To the Sixth Edition

The Fifth Edition of our book was exhausted before war was declared, and not until peace was declared was it thought by the publishers advisable to issue this Sixth Edition, which has been revised and brought up to date, and contains new material and new illustrations. All the while we have been collecting and verifying documents, and all the while we have received suggestions, facts, and inquiries. The book has been published in French, but for the war it would have been long since translated into other languages. During these years of needless, senseless, useless horrors, the name and fame of Whistler have steadily grown. His works have served as propaganda--what a comment!--even the portrait of his mother has been used as a poster by the British, and his own portrait has obtained the glory of appearing as a tribute to the power of advertising. All the while, endless stories, most of them garbled from this book, when not invented, have gone from end to end of the world. Exhibitions of his paintings and prints and of documents relating to him have been held. Galleries and private collectors have acquired what little of his work was left to acquire. Even the National Gallery of Great Britain has accepted three of his pictures from the late Arthur Studd though Whistler had distinctly said that he did not wish to be represented in any English gallery. Dealers have found in his art inexhaustible attraction and asset for shows. Mr. Freer's collection in the National Museum, Washington, is about to open. Our collection is being installed in the Library of Congress, also in Washington--though it was damaged by unpardonable and undiscoverable carelessness in transit, caused by this cursed war. Washington must soon be visited to see Whistler as Madrid is to see Velasquez. All the while, too, the financial appreciation of Whistler--the standard by which art and everything is judged to-day--has vastly increased, the _Mrs. Leyland_ and _Lady Meux_ selling for more hundreds of thousands than he asked hundreds of dollars for. His etchings and lithographs have so improved in value in the collector's estimation that persons whom Whistler did everything to help in forming their collections have considered them too valuable to keep, and so have parted with them at an enormous rise over even his "posthumous prices." What would he have thought of all this, he who so carefully selected the prints "kindly lent their owners?"

Whistler, fortunately, has escaped the indignity of commercial popularity, but he has come into his own; his name and his fame are world-wide, he is with the immortals; we said so in the beginning, and time has proved us right. There have been no books of importance issued about him of late years, though contemporary authors who spurned him during his life now claim his acquaintance and add a paragraph or a page, mostly from our book, as a bait to sell their own. Miss Philip delays, or awaits the lapse of twenty years, before issuing the letters. When she does print them--if properly edited--they will be a great addition to the knowledge of Whistler. Mr. Freer announces also a life which is to supersede or expose us, or Whistler. Still they tarry, but anything they may issue will add to the success and, we trust, the completeness of the authorized _Life of Whistler_. We should be grateful for any further information, suggestions, or corrections to that end from any of our readers.

We wish to thank, for the permission to reproduce paintings and drawings, to consult letters and documents, Mrs. A. J. Cassatt, Mr. Mitchell Kennerley, Mr. Roland Knvedler, Messrs. Keppel and Company, Mr. George J. C. Grasberger, Mr. A. E. Gallatin, Mr. R. C. Frick, Mr. West, Colonel Hughes, Mr. E. G. Kennedy, The Metropolitan Museum of New York, The Maryland Institute, the Librarian of Congress, Dr. Putnam, and Dr. Koch, Mr. Roberts, and Miss Wright, also of the Library of Congress.

JOSEPH PENNELL

ELIZABETH ROBINS PENNELL

WASHINGTON, _July 4, 1919_

PUBLISHER'S NOTE TO THE FIFTH EDITION

Mr. and Mrs. Pennell's authorised _Life of James McNeill Whistler_ appeared in two volumes in October 1908, and has had to be reprinted in that form three times since then. Its sale even in that comparatively expensive form has been an unexpectedly large one, proving without doubt that interest in Whistler's life is alive and growing. During the three years since its first publication much new material has come into the hands of the authors, and a complete revision of the book has therefore become necessary. The present volume is, to all intents and purposes, a new one. Many of the older illustrations in the earlier editions have been superseded by new ones, a number of which are reproduced for the first time.

For the new material included in this edition the authors and the publisher are indebted to friends and numerous sympathetic correspondents, and they wish to express their indebtedness especially to Mr. John W. Beatty, Director of the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh; Mr. E. D. Brooks; Mr. Clifford Gore Chambers; Mr. E. T. Cook; Mr. Leon Dabo; Mr. Frederick Dielmann; Messrs. Dowdeswell; M. Théodore Duret; Mr. A. J. Eddy; Mrs. Wickham Flower; Right Hon. Jonathan Hogg; Mr. H. S. Hubbell; Mr. Will H. Low; Mr. Burton Mansfield; Judge Parry; Mr. H. Reinhardt; Mr. H. S. Ridings; Mr. Albert Rouiller; Miss Alice Rouiller; Mr. William Scott; M. Ströhlen; Mr. Ross Turner; Mr. C. F. G. Turner; Mr. C. Howard Walker; Mr. J. H. Wrenn.

CONTENTS

PAGE
CHAPTER I. THE WHISTLER FAMILY.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN THIRTY-FOUR TO EIGHTEEN FORTY-THREE 1

_Whistler's Ancestors--His Parents--Birth--Early Years_

CHAPTER II. IN RUSSIA.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FORTY-THREE TO EIGHTEEN FORTY-NINE 6

_Life in Russia--Schooldays--Begins his Art Studies in the
Imperial Academy of Fine Arts--Death of Major Whistler--
Return to America_

CHAPTER III. SCHOOLDAYS IN POMFRET.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FORTY-NINE TO EIGHTEEN FIFTY-ONE 18

_The Pomfret School and Schoolmates--Early drawings_

CHAPTER IV. WEST POINT.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FIFTY-ONE TO EIGHTEEN FIFTY-FOUR 20

_Whistler as Cadet in the U.S. Military Academy--
His Studies--Failure--Stories told of him--His Estimate
of West Point_

CHAPTER V. THE COAST SURVEY.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FIFTY-FOUR AND EIGHTEEN FIFTY-FIVE 27

_Life in Washington--Obtains Position as Draughtsman in the
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey--First Plates--Resignation--
Starts for Paris_

CHAPTER VI. STUDENT DAYS IN THE LATIN QUARTER.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FIFTY-FIVE TO EIGHTEEN FIFTY-NINE 33

_Arrival in Paris--Enters as Student at Gleyre's--His
Fellow Students--Adventures--Journey to Alsace_

CHAPTER VII. WORKING DAYS IN THE LATIN QUARTER.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FIFTY-FIVE TO EIGHTEEN FIFTY-NINE CONTINUED 46

_His Studies--Work at the Louvre--Visit to Art Treasures
Exhibition at Manchester--Etchings--Paintings--Rejection
at the Salon and Exhibition in Bonvin's Studio_

CHAPTER VIII. THE BEGINNINGS IN LONDON.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FIFTY-NINE TO EIGHTEEN SIXTY-THREE 53

_In London with the Hadens--First Appearance at Royal
Academy--Kindness to French Fellow Students--Shares Studio
with Du Maurier--Gaieties--Mr. Arthur Severn's Reminiscences
--Work on the River--Jo--Etchings Published by Mr.
Edmund Thomas_

CHAPTER IX. THE BEGINNINGS IN LONDON.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN FIFTY-NINE TO EIGHTEEN SIXTY-THREE CONTINUED 63

_Paintings and Exhibitions--The Music Room--Visits to Mr. and
Mrs. Edwin Edwards--Summer in Brittany--"The White Girl"
--Berners Street Gallery--Baudelaire on his Etchings--
Illustrations--Salon des Refuses--First Gold Medal_

CHAPTER X. CHELSEA DAYS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SIXTY-THREE TO EIGHTEEN SIXTY-SIX 76

_Settles with his Mother at No. 7 Lindsey Row, Chelsea--
The Greaves Family--The Limerston Street Studio and Mr. J. E.
Christie--Rossetti--The Tudor House Circle, Swinburne,
Meredith, Frederick Sandys, Howell--"Blue and White"--
W. M. Rossetti's Reminiscences_

CHAPTER XI. CHELSEA DAYS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SIXTY-THREE TO EIGHTEEN SIXTY-FOUR CONTINUED 86

_The Japanese Pictures--"The Princesse du Pays de la
Porcelaine"--Japanese Influence--"The Little White Girl"
--Fantin's "Hommage à Delacroix"--"The Toast"--Arrival
in London of Dr. Whistler--At Trouville with Courbet--
Journey to Valparaiso_

CHAPTER XII. CHELSEA DAYS CONTINUED.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SIXTY-SIX TO EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-TWO 97

_Return to London--Removal to No. 2 Lindsey Row--The
House and its Decorations--The 1867 Exhibition in Paris--
Affair at the Burlington Fine Arts Club--"Symphony in White,
No. III." the First Picture Exhibited as a Symphony--Theories
--Development--Discouragement--Mr. Fred Jameson's
Reminiscences--Decoration--Hamerton's "Etching and Etchers"
--Etchings and Dry-points--Exhibitions--Rejection at the
Royal Academy--First Exhibition of Picture as a Nocturne--
Relations to the Royal Academy_

CHAPTER XIII. NOCTURNES.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-TWO TO EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-EIGHT 112

_Nocturnes--Extent of Debt to Japanese--Methods and
Materials--Subjects--Origin of Title--His Explanation
in "The Gentle Art"_

CHAPTER XIV. PORTRAITS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-ONE TO EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-FOUR 118

_"The Mother"--"Carlyle"--"Miss Alexander"-Mr. and
Mrs. Leyland--Mrs. Louis Huth--Show of his own Work in
Pall Mall--Indignation roused by his Titles_

CHAPTER XV. THE OPEN DOOR.
THE YEAR EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-FOUR AND AFTER 128

_Whistler's Gaiety and Hospitality--His Amusement in
Society--His Dinners and Sunday Breakfasts--Reminiscences
of his Entertainments--His Talk--Clubs--Restaurants--
The Theatre_

CHAPTER XVI. THE PEACOCK ROOM.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-FOUR TO EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-SEVEN 143

_Work at Exhibitions and in the Studio--Portrait of Irving
--"Rosa Corder"--"The Fur Jacket"--"Connie Gilchrist"--
The Peacock Room--Mr. Leyland's House in Prince's Gate--
Its Decoration--Whistler's Scheme for the Dining-room and
its Development--The Work Finished--Quarrel with Leyland_

CHAPTER XVII. THE GROSVENOR GALLERY.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-SEVEN AND EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-EIGHT 152

_Sir Coutt Lindsay's New Gallery--First Exhibition at the
Grosvenor--Whistler's Contributions--Ruskin's Criticism
of "The Falling Rocket" in "Fors Clavigera"--Whistler
sues him for Libel--Etchings--Lithographs--Drawings of
Blue and White for Sir Henry Thompson's Catalogue--
Caricatures--Sends a Second Time to the Grosvenor_

CHAPTER XVIII.
THE WHITE HOUSE. THE YEAR EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-EIGHT 159

_Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878--Harmony in Yellow and
Gold--Whistler as Decorator--Lady Archibald Campbell's
Appreciation--Plan for Opening an Atelier for Students--
No. 2 Lindsey Row given up--E. W. Godwin builds the White
House for him--His Mother's Health--She leaves him for
Hastings--Money Difficulties--Mezzotints of the "Carlyle"
and "Rosa Corder"_

CHAPTER XIX. THE TRIAL.
THE YEAR EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-EIGHT 166

_Whistler's Reasons for the Action against Ruskin--His
Position and Ruskin's compared--Refusal of Artists to support
Whistler--Trial in the Exchequer Chamber, Westminster--
Verdict--The General Criticism--Mr. T. Armstrong and Mr.
Arthur Severn on the Trial--Collection to pay Ruskin's
Expenses--Failure to raise one for Whistler--
"Whistler v. Ruskin"_

CHAPTER XX. BANKRUPTCY.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-EIGHT AND EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-NINE 181

_Whistler again at the Grosvenor--His Critics--His Financial
Embarrassments--His Manner of meeting them--Declared Bankrupt
--"The Gold Scab"--Commission from the Fine Art Society for
the Venetian Etchings--Starts for Venice--The Sale of the
White House--Sale of Blue and White, Pictures, Prints, &c.,
at Sotheby's_

CHAPTER XXI. VENICE.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-NINE AND EIGHTEEN-EIGHTY 189

_Whistler's Arrival in Venice--First Impressions--
Disappointments and Difficulties--His Friends in Venice and
their Memories of him--Duveneck and his "Boys"--Whistler's
Hard Work--His Lodgings and Restaurants--The Cafés--Stories
told of him--Reminiscences of Mr. Harper Pennington and
Mr. Ralph Curtis_

CHAPTER XXII. VENICE.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY-NINE AND EIGHTEEN EIGHTY CONTINUED 196

_His Work in Venice--Pastels and his Methods--Etchings--
Printing--Japanese Method of Drawing--Water-colours and
Paintings_

CHAPTER XXIII. BACK IN LONDON.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY AND EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-ONE 202

_Return to London and Sudden Appearance at Fine Art Society's--
Prints Venice Plates--Exhibition of "The Twelve" at the Fine Art
Society's--Exhibition of Venice Pastels--Decoration of Gallery--
Bewilderment of Critics and Public--Death of his Mother--"The
Piper Papers"--The Portrait of his Mother exhibited in
Philadelphia--Etchings begin to be shown in America_

CHAPTER XXIV. THE JOY OF LIFE.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-ONE TO EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-FOUR 210

_Takes a Studio at No. 13 Tite Street--His "Joyousness"--
Letters to the Press--His "Amazing" Costumes--Portrait of
Lady Meux--His Other Sitters--Mrs. Marzetti's Account of the
Painting of "The Blue Girl"--Lady Archibald Campbell's
Reminiscences of the Sittings for her Portrait--Portrait of
M. Duret--"The Paddon Papers"--Second Exhibition of Venice
Etchings at the Fine Art Society's--Excitement it created--
The "Carlyle" at Edinburgh--Proposal to buy it for Scottish
National Portrait Gallery--Comes to nothing--Whistler involved
in a Church Congress_

CHAPTER XXV. AMONG FRIENDS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-ONE TO EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-SEVEN 222

_Joseph Pennell meets Whistler--First Impressions--The
"Sarasate"--Sir Seymour Haden_

CHAPTER XXVI. AMONG FRIENDS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-ONE TO EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-SEVEN CONTINUED 225

_Whistler's Friends in Tite Street--Sir Rennell Rodd's
Reminiscences--Oscar Wilde--Reasons for the Friendship and for
its short Duration--The Followers--Their Devotion and their
Absurdities--Mr. Harper Pennington's Reminiscences of Whistler
in London_

CHAPTER XXVII. THE STUDIO IN THE FULHAM ROAD.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-FIVE TO EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-SEVEN 233

_Whistler moves to the Fulham Road--Description of the new
Studio--Pictures in Progress--Mr. William M. Chase, his
Portrait and his Reminiscences--Plans to visit America_

CHAPTER XXVIII. THE "TEN O'CLOCK."
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-FOUR TO EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-EIGHT 239

_Whistler writes the "Ten O'Clock"--Proposes to publish it as
Article--Then to deliver it as Lecture in Ireland--Exhibition
of his Work in Dublin--Arranges with Mrs. D'Oyly Carte for
Lecture in London--The "Ten O'Clock" given at Prince's Hall--
The Audience--The Critics--Analysis of the "Ten O'Clock"--Its
Delivery in Other Places--Its Publication--Swinburne's Criticism_

CHAPTER XXIX. THE BRITISH ARTISTS.
THE RISE. THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-FOUR TO EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-SIX 250

_Approached by the British Artists--Elected a Member of the
Society--His Position as Artist at this Period and the Position
of the Society--Reasons for the Invitation and his Acceptance--
His Interest in the Society--His Contributions to its
Exhibitions--The Graham Sale--Publication of Twenty-Six Etchings
by Dowdeswell's--Exhibition of Notes, Harmonies, Nocturnes, at
Dowdeswell's--Elected President of the British Artists_

CHAPTER XXX. THE BRITISH ARTISTS.
THE FALL. THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-SIX TO EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-EIGHT 262

_Whistler as President--His Decoration of the Gallery and
Hanging of Pictures--Indignation by Members--Visit of the
Prince of Wales--Growing Dissatisfaction in the Society--Jubilee
of Queen Victoria--Whistler's Congratulatory Address--British
Artists made a Royal Society--Dissatisfaction becomes Open
Warfare--The Crisis--Wyke Bayliss elected President--
Whistler's Resignation_

CHAPTER XXXI. MARRIAGE.
THE YEAR EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-EIGHT 271

_Whistler's Wedding--Reception at the Tower House--His Wife--
His Devotion--Influence of Marriage_

CHAPTER XXXII.
THE WORK OF THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY TO EIGHTEEN NINETY-TWO 274

_Water-colours--Etchings, Belgian and Dutch--Exhibition of
Dutch Etchings--Lithographs_

CHAPTER XXXIII. HONOURS. EXHIBITIONS. NEW INTERESTS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-NINE TO EIGHTEEN NINETY-ONE 279

_Honours from Paris, Munich, and Amsterdam--Dinner to Whistler
--Paris Universal Exhibition of 1889--Exhibition of Whistler's
Work in Queen Square--Moves to No. 21 Cheyne Walk--M. Harry's
Impressions of the House--Portrait of the Comte de Montesquiou
--W. E. Henley and "National Observer"--New Friends_

CHAPTER XXXIV. "THE GENTLE ART."
THE YEAR EIGHTEEN NINETY 288

_Whistler Collects his Letters and Writings--Work begun by
Mr. Sheridan Ford--Mr. J. McLure Hamilton's Account--Action at
Antwerp to suppress Ford's Edition--Mr. Heinemann publishes
"The Gentle Art" for Whistler--Summary of the Book--Period of
unimportant Quarrels_

CHAPTER XXXV. THE TURN OF THE TIDE.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-ONE AND EIGHTEEN NINETY-TWO 298

_The "Carlyle" bought by the Glasgow Corporation--"The Mother"
bought for the Luxembourg--The Exhibition at the Goupil Gallery
--Mr. D. Croal Thomson's Account--Success of the Exhibition--
The Catalogue--Commissions--Demand for his Pictures--Mr. H. S.
Theobald's Reminiscences--Whistler's Indignation at Sale of
Early Pictures by Old Friends--Invited
to show in Chicago Exhibition--Not known at R.A.--Decorations
for Boston Public Library_

CHAPTER XXXVI. PARIS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-TWO AND EIGHTEEN NINETY-THREE 310

_Whistler goes to Paris to live--Joseph Pennell with him there
in 1892 and 1893--Lithographs--Colour work--Studio in Rue
Notre-Dame-des-Champs--Apartment in the Rue du Bac--Etchings
printed--Afternoons in the Garden--Day at Fontainebleau--
Wills signed--Mr. E. G. Kennedy's Portrait--Rioting in the
Latin Quarter_

CHAPTER XXXVII. PARIS CONTINUED.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-THREE AND EIGHTEEN NINETY-FOUR 320

_Whistler's Friends in Paris--Mr. MacMonnies', Mr. Walter
Gay's, and Mr. Alexander Harrison's Reminiscences--
Mr. A. J. Eddy's Portrait--Portraits of Women begun_

CHAPTER XXXVIII. TRIALS AND GRIEFS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-FOUR TO EIGHTEEN NINETY-SIX 327

_Du Maurier's "Trilby"--Apology--Mrs. Whistler's Illness--
The Eden Trial--Whistler Challenges George Moore--In Lyme
Regis and London--Portraits in Lithography--Mr. S. R. Crockett's
Account of the Sittings for his Portrait--Mrs. Whistler's
Death--New Will_

CHAPTER XXXIX. ALONE.
THE YEAR EIGHTEEN NINETY-SIX 336

_Work and Little Journeys--Mr. E. G. Kennedy's Reminiscences--
Evenings with Whistler--Visit to the National Gallery--
Whistler goes to live with Mr. Heinemann at Whitehall Court--
Mr. Henry Savage Landor--Mr. Edmund Heinemann--Eden Affair--
Last Meeting with Sir Seymour Haden--Christmas at Bournemouth_

CHAPTER XL. THE LITHOGRAPH CASE.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-SIX AND EIGHTEEN NINETY-SEVEN 346

_Mr. Walter Sickert's Article in "Saturday Review"--Joseph
Pennell sues him for Libel--Whistler the Principal Witness--
In the Witness-box under Cross-examination--Verdict--
Whistler's Pleasure_

CHAPTER XLI. THE END OF THE EDEN CASE.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-SEVEN TO EIGHTEEN NINETY-NINE 350

_M. Boldini's Portrait of Whistler--In London--Visits to
Hampton--Journey to Dieppe--The Eden Case in the Cour de
Cassation--Whistler's Triumph--"The Baronet and the Butterfly"
--The Whistler Syndicate: Company of the Butterfly_

CHAPTER XLII. BETWEEN LONDON AND PARIS.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-SEVEN TO NINETEEN HUNDRED 357

_Illness in Paris--Fever of Work--Portrait of Mr. George
Vanderbilt--Other Portraits and Models--Pictures of Children--
Nudes--Pastels--Spanish War--Journey to Italy--"Best Man" at
Mr. Heinemann's Wedding--Impressions of Rome--Mr. Kerr-Lawson's
Account of his Stay in Florence--Winter in Paris--Loneliness--
Meetings with old Student Friends--Dr. Whistler's Death--Dinner
at Mr. Heinemann's--Mr. Arthur Symon's Impressions of Whistler_

CHAPTER XLIII. THE INTERNATIONAL.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-SEVEN TO NINETEEN HUNDRED AND THREE 369

_The International Society of Sculptors, Painters, and Gravers--
Whistler elected First President--Activity of his Interest--
First Exhibition at Knightsbridge--Second Exhibition--
Difficulties--Third Exhibition at the Royal Institute--
Exhibitions on the Continent and in America--Whistler's
Presidency ends only with Death_

CHAPTER XLIV. THE ACADÉMIE CARMEN.
THE YEARS EIGHTEEN NINETY-EIGHT TO NINETEEN HUNDRED AND ONE 377

_School opened in the Passage Stanislas, Paris--Whistler and
Mr. Frederick MacMonnies propose to visit it--History of the
School written, at Whistler's request, by Mrs. Clifford Addams
--Her Account--His Methods--His Advice--His Palette--
Misunderstandings--Mrs. Addam apprenticed to Whistler--Men's
Class discontinued--Third Year begins with Woman's Class alone
--School closed--Mr. Clifford Addams made an Apprentice--
Mr. MacMonnies' Account--Comparison with Other Art Schools_

CHAPTER XLV. THE BEGINNING OF THE END.
THE YEAR NINETEEN HUNDRED 393

_Whistler authorises J. and E. R. Pennell to write his Life
and Mr. Heinemann to publish it--Whistler gives his
Reminiscences--Photographing began in Studio--Paris Universal
Exhibition--Interest in the Boer War--The "Island" and the
"Islanders"--The Pekin Massacre and Blue Pots--Domberg--Visit
to Ireland--Sir Walter Armstrong's Reminiscences of Whistler
in Dublin--Irritation with Critics of his Pictures in Paris--
Increasing Ill-health in the Autumn--Serious Illness--Starts
for the South_

CHAPTER XLVI. IN SEARCH OF HEALTH.
THE YEARS NINETEEN HUNDRED AND ONE AND NINETEEN HUNDRED AND TWO 407

_Tangier--Algiers--Marseilles--Ajaccio--Winter in Corsica--
Visit from Mr. Heinemann--Dominoes--Rests for the First Time--
Return to London in the Spring--Work in the Summer--Illness in
the Autumn--Bath--No. 74 Cheyne Walk--Annoyances--Journey to
Holland--Dangerous Illness in The Hague--Mr. G. Sauter's Account
of his Last Visit to Franz Hals at Haarlem_

CHAPTER XLVII. THE END.
THE YEARS NINETEEN HUNDRED AND TWO AND NINETEEN HUNDRED AND THREE 423

_Return to No. 74 Cheyne Walk--Illness--Gradual Decline--Work--
Portraits--Prints--Exhibition of Silver--Degree of LL.D. from
Glasgow University--St. Louis Exposition--Worries--Last Weeks--
Death--Funeral--Grave_