Chapter XXIII: Trafalgar.--The Death of Nelson (2)

The hour that succeeded his wounding was the decisive one of the fight; not that the issue admitted of much doubt, after once Nelson's plans had received fulfilment, and the battle joined,--unless the delinquent van of the allies had acted promptly,--but in those moments the work was done which was thenceforth, for the enemy, beyond repair. Overhead, therefore, the strife went on incessantly, the seamen toiling steadily at their guns, and cheering repeatedly. Near the admiral lay Lieutenant Pasco, severely but not fatally wounded. At one burst of hurrahs, Nelson asked eagerly what it was about; and Pasco replying that another ship had struck, he expressed his satisfaction. Soon he became very anxious for further and more exact information of the course of the battle, and about the safety of Captain Hardy, upon whom now was devolved such guidance as the fleet, until the action was over, must continue to receive from the flagship of the commander-in-chief. In accordance with his wishes many messages were sent to Hardy to come to him, but for some time it was not possible for that officer to leave the deck. During this period, up to between half-past two and three, the ships of the two British divisions, that followed the leaders, were breaking successively into the enemy's order, and carrying out with intelligent precision the broad outlines of Nelson's instructions. The heads of the columns had dashed themselves to pieces, like a forlorn hope, against the overpowering number of foes which opposed their passage--an analysis of the returns shows that upon the four ships which led, the "Victory" and "Téméraire," the "Royal Sovereign" and "Belleisle," fell one-third of the entire loss in a fleet of twenty-seven sail. But they had forced their way through, and by the sacrifice of themselves had shattered and pulverized the local resistance, destroyed the coherence of the hostile line, and opened the road for the successful action of their followers. With the appearance of the latter upon the scene, succeeded shortly by the approach of the allied van, though too late and in disorder, began what may be called the second and final phase of the battle.

While such things were happening the deck could not be left by Hardy, who, for the time being, was commander-in-chief as well as captain. Shortly after Nelson fell, the "Téméraire" had run on board the "Redoutable" on the other side, and the French "Fougueux" upon the "Téméraire," so that for a few minutes the four ships were fast together, in the heat of the fight. About quarter past two, the "Victory" was shoved clear, and lay with her head to the northward, though scarcely with steerage way. The three others remained in contact with their heads to the southward. While this _mêlée_ was in progress, the French flagship "Bucentaure" surrendered, at five minutes past two; but, before hauling down the flag, Villeneuve made a signal to his recreant van,--"The ships that are not engaged, take positions which will bring them most rapidly under fire." Thus summoned, the ten vessels which constituted the van began to go about, as they should have done before; and, although retarded by the slack wind, they had got their heads to the southward by half-past two. Five stood to leeward of the line of battle, but five to windward. The latter would pass not far to the westward of the "Victory," and to meet this fresh attack demanded the captain's further care, and postponed his going to the death-bed of his chief. The latter had become very agitated at the delay, thinking that Hardy might be dead and the news kept from him. "Will nobody bring Hardy to me?" he frequently exclaimed. "He must be killed; he is surely destroyed." At last a midshipman came down with the message that "circumstances respecting the fleet required the captain's presence on deck, but that he would take the first favourable moment to visit his Lordship." Nelson, hearing the voice, asked who it was that spoke. The lad, Bulkeley, who later in the day was wounded also, was the son of a former shipmate in the far back days of the San Juan expedition, and the dying admiral charged the lad with a remembrance to his father.

Two ships of Nelson's column, as yet not engaged,--the "Spartiate" and the "Minotaur,"--were then just reaching the scene. Being in the extreme rear, the lightness of the breeze had so far delayed them. Arriving thus opportunely, they hauled to the wind so as to interpose between the "Victory" and the approaching van of the allies. Covered now by two wholly fresh ships, the captain felt at liberty to quit the deck, in accordance with Nelson's desire. The two tried friends--Hardy had been everywhere with him since the day of St. Vincent, and was faithful enough to speak to Lady Hamilton more freely than she liked--shook hands affectionately. "Well, Hardy," said Nelson, "how goes the battle? How goes the day with us?" "Very well, my Lord," replied Hardy. "We have got twelve or fourteen of the enemy's ships in our possession, but five of their van have tacked, and show an intention of bearing down upon the Victory. I have therefore called two or three of our fresh ships round us, and have no doubt of giving them a drubbing." "I hope none of _our_ ships have struck, Hardy." "No, my Lord," was the answer, "there is no fear of that." Nelson then said, "I am a dead man, Hardy. I am going fast: it will be all over with me soon. Come nearer to me. Pray let my dear Lady Hamilton have my hair, and all other things belonging to me." Hardy observed that he hoped Mr. Beatty could yet hold out some prospect of life. "Oh no!" replied Nelson; "it is impossible. My back is shot through. Beatty will tell you so." Hardy then returned to the deck, shaking hands again before parting.

Nelson now desired the surgeons to leave him to the attendants, as one for whom nothing could be done, and to give their professional care where it would be of some avail. In a few moments he recalled the chief surgeon, and said, "I forgot to tell you that all power of motion and feeling below my breast are gone; and _you_ very well _know_ I can live but a short time." From the emphasis he placed on his words, the surgeon saw he was thinking of a case of spinal injury to a seaman some months before, which had proved mortal after many days' suffering; yet it would seem that, despite the conviction that rested on his mind, the love of life, and of all it meant to him, yet clung to the hope that possibly there might be a reprieve. "One would like to live a little longer," he murmured; and added, "What would become of poor Lady Hamilton if she knew my situation!" "Beatty," he said again, "_you know_ I am gone." "My Lord," replied the surgeon, with a noble and courteous simplicity, "unhappily for our country, nothing can be done for you;" and he turned away to conceal the emotion which he could not at once control. "I know it," said Nelson. "I feel something rising in my breast," putting his hand on his left side, "which tells me I am gone. God be praised, I have done my duty." To this latter thought he continually recurred.

At about three o'clock, the five ships of the enemy's van, passing within gunshot to windward,[142] opened fire upon the British ships and their prizes. The "Victory" with her consorts replied. "Oh, Victory! Victory!" cried the sufferer, "how you distract my poor brain!" and after a pause added, "How dear life is to all men!" This distant exchange of shots was ineffectual, except to kill or wound a few more people, but while it continued Hardy had to be on deck, for the flag of the commander-in-chief still vested his authority in that ship. During this period an officer was sent to Collingwood to inform him of the admiral's condition, and to bear a personal message of farewell from the latter; but Nelson had no idea of transferring any portion of his duty until he parted with his life also.

A short hour elapsed between Hardy's leaving the cockpit and his returning to it, which brings the time to four o'clock. Strength had ebbed fast meanwhile, and the end was now very near; but Nelson was still conscious. The friends again shook hands, and the captain, before releasing his grasp, congratulated the dying hero upon the brilliancy of the victory. It was complete, he said. How many were captured, it was impossible to see, but he was certain fourteen or fifteen. The exact number proved to be eighteen. "That is well," said Nelson, but added, faithful to his exhaustive ideas of sufficiency, "I bargained for twenty." Then he exclaimed, "_Anchor_, Hardy, _anchor_!" Hardy felt the embarrassment of issuing orders now that Collingwood knew that his chief was in the very arms of death; but Nelson was clearly within his rights. "I suppose, my Lord," said the captain, "Admiral Collingwood will now take upon himself the direction of affairs." "Not while I live, I hope, Hardy," cried Nelson, and for a moment endeavored, ineffectually, to raise himself from the bed. "No. Do _you_ anchor, Hardy." Captain Hardy then said, "Shall we make the signal, Sir?" "Yes," answered the admiral, "for if I live, I'll anchor." These words he repeated several times, even after Hardy had left him, and the energy of his manner showed that for the moment the sense of duty and of responsibility had triumphed over his increasing weakness.

Reaction of course followed, and he told Hardy he felt that in a few minutes he should be no more. "Don't throw me overboard," he added; "you know what to do." Hardy having given assurance that these wishes should be attended to, Nelson then said, "Take care of my dear Lady Hamilton, Hardy: take care of poor Lady Hamilton. Kiss me, Hardy." The captain knelt down and kissed his cheek. "Now I am satisfied. Thank God, I have done my duty." Hardy rose and stood looking silently at him for an instant or two, then knelt down again and kissed his forehead. "Who is that?" asked Nelson. The captain answered, "It is Hardy;" to which his Lordship replied, "God bless you, Hardy!" The latter then returned to the quarter-deck, having passed about eight minutes in this final interview.

Nelson now desired his steward, who was in attendance throughout, to turn him on his right side. "I wish I had not left the deck," he murmured; "for I shall soon be gone." Thenceforth he sank rapidly; his breathing became oppressed and his voice faint. To Dr. Scott he said, "Doctor, I have _not_ been a _great_ sinner," and after a short pause, "_Remember_, that I leave Lady Hamilton and my daughter Horatia as a legacy to my country--never forget Horatia." This injunction, with remembrances to Lady Hamilton and the child, he frequently repeated; and he charged Scott to see Mr. Rose, and tell him--but here pain interrupted his utterance, and after an interval he simply said, "Mr. Rose will remember," alluding to a letter which he had written him, but which as yet could not have been received. His thirst now increased; and he called for "drink, drink," "fan, fan," and "rub, rub," addressing himself in this last case to Dr. Scott, who had been rubbing his breast with his hand, by which some relief was given. These words he spoke in a very rapid manner, which rendered his articulation difficult; but he every now and then, with evident increase of pain, made a greater effort, and said distinctly, "Thank God, I have done my duty." This he repeated at intervals as long as the power of speech remained. The last words caught by Dr. Scott, who was bending closely over him, were, "God and my Country."

Fifteen minutes after Hardy left him for the second time, the admiral became speechless; and when this had continued five minutes, the surgeon, who was busied among the other wounded, was summoned again. He found him upon the verge of dissolution, the hands cold and the pulse gone; but upon laying his hand upon his forehead, Nelson opened his eyes, looked up, and then closed them forever. Five minutes later he was dead. The passing was so quiet that Dr. Scott, still rubbing his breast, did not perceive it, until the surgeon announced that all was over. It was half-past four o'clock, just three hours after the fatal wound was received. Not till an hour later did the last of the eighteen prizes strike, and firing cease altogether; but the substantial results were known to Nelson before consciousness left him. To quote the rugged words of the "Victory's" log, "Partial firing continued until 4.30, when a victory having been reported to the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Nelson, K.B., he died of his wound."

Of the five ships of the allied van which passed to windward of the "Victory," one was cut off and captured by the "Minotaur" and "Spartiate." The other four continued on the wind to the southwest, and escaped to sea. By the surrender of Villeneuve the chief command of the combined fleets remained with the Spanish admiral Gravina. The latter, at quarter before five, fifteen minutes after Nelson breathed his last, retreated upon Cadiz, making signal for the vessels which had not struck to rally round his flag. Ten other ships, five French and five Spanish,--in all eleven sail-of-the-line,--made good their escape into the port.

"Before sunset," wrote an eye-witness on board the "Belleisle," "all firing had ceased. The view of the fleet at this period was highly interesting, and would have formed a beautiful subject for a painter. Just under the setting rays were five or six dismantled prizes; on one hand lay the Victory with part of our fleet and prizes, and on the left hand the Royal Sovereign and a similar cluster of ships. To the northward, the remnant of the combined fleets was making for Cadiz. The Achille, with the tricoloured ensign still displayed, had burnt to the water's edge about a mile from us, and our tenders and boats were using every effort to save the brave fellows who had so gloriously defended her; but only two hundred and fifty were rescued, and she blew up with a tremendous explosion."

There, surrounded by the companions of his triumph, and by the trophies of his prowess, we leave our hero with his glory. Sharer of our mortal weakness, he has bequeathed to us a type of single-minded self-devotion that can never perish. As his funeral anthem proclaimed, while a nation mourned, "His body is buried in peace, but his Name liveth for evermore." Wars may cease, but the need for heroism shall not depart from the earth, while man remains man and evil exists to be redressed. Wherever danger has to be faced or duty to be done, at cost to self, men will draw inspiration from the name and deeds of Nelson.

Happy he who lives to finish all his task. The words, "I have done my duty," sealed the closed book of Nelson's story with a truth broader and deeper than he himself could suspect. His duty was done, and its fruit perfected. Other men have died in the hour of victory, but for no other has victory so singular and so signal graced the fulfilment and ending of a great life's work. "Finis coronat opus" has of no man been more true than of Nelson. There were, indeed, consequences momentous and stupendous yet to flow from the decisive supremacy of Great Britain's sea-power, the establishment of which, beyond all question or competition, was Nelson's great achievement; but his part was done when Trafalgar was fought. The coincidence of his death with the moment of completed success has impressed upon that superb battle a stamp of finality, an immortality of fame, which even its own grandeur scarcely could have insured. He needed, and he left, no successor. To use again St. Vincent's words, "There is but one Nelson."

FOOTNOTES:

[132] The name Thompson was spelled by Nelson indifferently with or without the "p", which, as Nicolas observes, confirms the belief that it was fictitious. The fact is singular; for, from a chance remark of his, it appears that he meant it to be Thomson. (Morrison, Letter No. 569.)

[133] The author is indebted for this anecdote to Mr. Edgar Goble, of Fareham, Hants, whose father, Thomas Goble, then secretary to Captain Hardy, was present at the table.

[134] One sixty-four, the "Africa," had separated to the northward during the night, and joined in the battle by passing alone along the enemy's line, much of the time under fire. She belonged, therefore, to Nelson's column, and cooperated with it during the day.

[135] Nelson in his journal wrote: "The enemy wearing _in succession_." As the allies' order was reversed, however, it is evident that he meant merely that the ships wore one after the other, from rear to van, but in their respective stations, each waiting till the one astern had, to use the old phrase, "marked her manoeuvre,"--a precaution intended to prevent collisions, though it necessarily extended the line.

[136] The author is indebted for these incidents to Admiral Sir W.R. Mends, G.C.B., who received them from the second baronet, Sir Henry M. Blackwood, when serving with him as first lieutenant.

[137] The "Euryalus's" log gives eight o'clock as the hour of the captain's going on board the "Victory;" but Blackwood not only says six, but also mentions that his stay on board lasted five and a half hours, which gives about the same time for going on board. The other frigate captains did not go till eight. Blackwood, as the senior, might need a fuller and longer continued interview, because the general direction of the frigate squadron would be in his hands; or Nelson might particularly desire the presence of a close professional friend, the captains of the ships-of-the-line having their hands now full of preparations.

[138] The question of Lady Hamilton's services on the occasions mentioned by Nelson, vigorously asserted by herself, has been exhaustively discussed by Professor John Knox Laughton, in the "United Service Magazine" for April and May, 1889. His conclusions are decisively adverse to her claims.

[139] See _ante_, p. 275.

[140] That is, with a one and a half knot breeze.

[141] The vocabulary of the telegraphic signal book provides certain words which can be signalled by a single number. Words not in this vocabulary must be spelled letter by letter,--each letter of the alphabet having its own number.

[142] That is, to the westward.

INDEX.

Aboukir, Bay, Island, Promontory, and Castle, i. 342, 343, 345-347, 365;
ii. 16, 17, 32.

Aboukir, Battle of, ii. 17.

Acton, Sir John, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies,
i. 328, 329, 340, 342, 383, 428, 430, 443;
ii. 8, 190, 191, 193, 194, 219, 264, 274, 275.

Addington (afterwards Lord Sidmouth), Prime Minister of Great Britain,
1801-1804, Nelson's intercourse with, i. 383; ii. 101, 103, 120, 136,
162-164, 166, 167, 172, 174, 189, 193, 205, 211, 352.

Adriatic,
importance to the communications of the Austrians in Italy, i. 247, 405;
British concern in, 369, ii. 192, 195, 243;
Napoleon's interest in, 188, 195, 266;
resort of privateers, 241, 242.

"Agamemnon," British ship-of-the-line,
Nelson ordered to command her, i. 95;
relation to his career, 97-99;
action with four French frigates, 113, 115;
engages the batteries at Bastia, 120, 121;
action with the "Ça Ira," French 80-gun ship, 163-166;
engagement of March 14, 1795, 168;
engagement of July 13, 178-180;
services at Genoa, 200-202;
on the opening of Bonaparte's campaign, 1796, 220-223;
Nelson leaves her for the "Captain," seventy-four, 229, 230;
she sails for England, 230;
subsequent history, 230;
misfortune at the Battle of Copenhagen, ii. 87;
joins the fleet shortly before Trafalgar, 361.

"Albemarle," British frigate commanded by Nelson, i. 31-41.

Alexandria, Nelson's first voyage to, i. 332-339;
second voyage, 342, 343;
blockaded, 366;
Nelson's third voyage to, ii. 276, 277.

Algiers, Bonaparte's designs upon, ii. 184;
Nelson's difficulties with, 230-232.

"Amazon," British frigate,
services at Copenhagen, ii. 82, 86, 89, 91;
subsequent mention, 217, 261-263, 289, 295, 315.

Amiens, Peace of, signature of, ii. 146;
Nelson's home life during, 150-178;
rupture of, 175.

"Amphion," British frigate,
Nelson's passage to Mediterranean in, ii. 189-196;
leaves her for the "Victory," 222.

Archduke Charles, Nelson's meeting with, at Prague, ii. 43.

Austria and Austrians,
result of campaign of 1794 in Holland and Germany, 155;
in Italy, 156;
delay in opening campaign of 1795 in Italy, 177;
their advance to Vado Bay, on the Riviera, 178;
Nelson ordered to co-operate with, 178, 184;
their disregard of Genoese neutrality, 184;
position of, in summer of 1795, 186;
inability, or unwillingness to advance, 188, 189, 194;
their attitude towards the British, 197, 202, 213;
growing insecurity of their position, 196, 200, 201, 212;
attacked and defeated by French at Battle of Loano, 201;
retreat across the Apennines, 202;
urged by Nelson to reoccupy Vado in 1796, 218, 219;
their advance under Beaulieu, 220-223;
Nelson's assurances to, 221;
defeat by Bonaparte, 220, 223;
driven into the Tyrol, and behind the Adige, 232;
besieged in Mantua, 232;
advance under Wurmser to relieve Mantua, 238;
Nelson's hopes therefrom, 238-241;
hears of their defeat again, 241, 244;
the peace of Campo Formio between Austria and France, 317, 318;
dissatisfaction of Austria with France, 319, 322;
effect of their position in upper Italy upon French operations, 391;
attitude towards France and Naples, 1798, 392;
Nelson's judgment on, 399, 400;
alliance with Russia, 1799, 400;
successes in 1799, 400, 415, 416, ii. 1, 14, 15;
reverses, 15;
capture of Genoa, 1800, 37;
defeat at Marengo, 37;
abandon Northern Italy, 37;
Nelson's visit to, 40-43;
peace with France, 1801, 63, 119;
exhaustion of, 1801-1805, 180;
Nelson's remonstrance with, on failure to enforce her neutrality, 242.

Ball, Sir Alexander J., British captain, letter to Nelson, i. 211;
joins Nelson's division at Gibraltar, 316;
services in saving the flagship, 324;
advice asked by Nelson, 333;
at the Battle of the Nile, 347, 352-354;
accompanies Nelson to Naples, 366;
gallantry towards Lady Hamilton, 386;
serves ashore at Malta, 392, 406-409, ii. 7, 9, 11, 12, 13;
mentions with unbelief reports about Nelson and Lady Hamilton, i. 396;
summoned to join Nelson upon the incursion of Admiral Bruix,
419-421, 426;
ordered to resume duties at Malta, 423;
mention of Nelson in letters to Lady Hamilton, ii. 23, 30;
visits Nelson at Merton, 158;
anecdote of Nelson told by him, 158;
letters from Nelson to, 211, 213, 242-244, 270, 274, 278, 280, 286, 292;
opinion as to French objects in 1804, 212;
Nelson's testy vexation with, 238;
opinion as to the management of coast lookout stations, 318, note.

Barbary States. _See_ Algiers, Tripoli, Tunis.

Barham, Lord, Nelson's interview with, as Comptroller of the Navy, i. 85;
First Lord of the Admiralty, ii. 291 and note, 317, 320, 321;
Nelson's interviews with, 320, 333;
Nelson's letters to, 324, 353, 355, 358.

Bastia, town in Corsica, in possession of French, i. 116;
blockade of, by Nelson, 120, 122;
engagement with batteries of, 120;
description of, 121;
Nelson's opinion as to besieging, 121-124, 126;
siege of, 127-131;
capitulation of, 129;
Nelson's estimate as to his own services at, 132, 133, 152;
Nelson directed to superintend evacuation of, by British, 247;
evacuation of, 251-253.

Battles, land, mentioned:
Aboukir, ii. 17;
Castiglione, i. 241, 244;
Hohenlinden, ii. 63;
Loano, i. 201;
Marengo, ii. 37;
Novi, 15.

Battles, naval, mentioned:
Calder's action, ii. 307, 313, 318, 323;
Camperdown, i. 309;
Copenhagen, ii. 79-97, 98, 161-167;
First of June (Lord Howe's), i. 150, 176;
July 13, 1795, i. 178-182;
March 14, 1795, i. 166-173;
the Nile, i. 343-358;
St. Vincent, i. 268-277;
Trafalgar, ii. 377-397.

Beatty, Dr., surgeon of the "Victory,"
account of Nelson's habits and health, ii. 225-228 and note;
present at Nelson's death, 388, 389, 392, 393, 396.

Beaulieu, Austrian general, commands the army in Italy, 1796, i. 219;
defeated by Bonaparte, and driven into the Tyrol, 220-223, 232.

Beckford, William, opinion of Lady Hamilton, i. 381;
visited by Nelson at Fonthill, ii. 51-53;
anecdote of Nelson, 52.

Berry, Sir Edward, British captain,
accompanies Nelson in boarding the "San Nicolas" and "San Josef,"
i. 273-275, 279;
commands Nelson's flagship, the "Vanguard," 309;
account of the campaign of the Nile (quoted), 332, 339, 344, 355, 359;
at the Battle of the Nile, 351, 354, 363;
sent to England with despatches, 360;
commands the "Foudroyant" at the capture of the "Généreux," ii. 24-27;
at the capture of the "Guillaume Tell," 31, 32;
commands the "Agamemnon" at Trafalgar, 361;
numerous services of, 362.

Bickerton, Sir Richard, British admiral,
commands in the "Mediterranean" when war with France begins, 1803,
ii. 194;
second in command to Nelson, 1803-1805, 202, 215, 219, 246, 248, 259,
263, 278;
left in command by Nelson, upon his departure for the West Indies,
294, 314, 317;
joins Collingwood before Cadiz, 334;
returns to England, ill, just before Trafalgar, 338.

Blackwood, Sir Henry, British captain, distinguished part taken in the
capture of the "Guillaume Tell," ii. 31, 328;
arrives in London with news that the combined fleets are in Cadiz, 328;
interviews with Nelson, 328;
commands advanced squadron of frigates off Cadiz, 339, 357, 361,
364-369;
last day spent with Nelson, 372-379, 382-385;
witnesses the "Codicil" to Nelson's will, 374, 375;
special mark of confidence shown him by Nelson, 377;
Nelson's farewell to him, 385.

Bolton, Susannah, Nelson's sister, relations of,
with Lady Nelson and Lady Hamilton, ii. 55, 178.

Bonaparte, Napoleon, decisive influence of Nelson upon the career of,
i. 96, 97, 220, ii. 63, 64, 119, 120, 267-270, 283, 284, 301, 310, 314;
indicates the key of the defences of Toulon, i. 117;
opinions upon operations in Italy, 186, 187, 193, 194, 197, 208,
214-216, 219, 391, 394;
command of Army of Italy, 220;
defeats Beaulieu, advances to the Adige, and establishes the French
position in Northern Italy, 220-223, 228, 229, 232;
fortifies the coastline of the Riviera, 223, 224, 227;
seizes Leghorn, 231-233, 236;
contrasted with Nelson, 234-236, 258, ii. 129, 130, 172;
overthrows Wurmser, i. 238, 240, 241;
effect of his campaign in Italy upon the career of Nelson, 242, 243,
318;
forces Genoa to close her ports to Great Britain, 245;
sails on the Egyptian Expedition, 323, 325, 328, 329, 331-334, 336-339;
landing in Egypt, 339;
Nelson's appreciation of the effect upon, by the Battle of the Nile,
366, 369, 370, 406, ii. 18-22;
expedition into Syria, 17;
escape from Egypt to France, 16, 17,
after defeating a Turkish army in Aboukir Bay, 17;
defeats Austrians at Marengo, 37;
influence upon the formation of the Baltic Coalition, 63, 64;
threats of invading England, 1801, 119-122;
his dominant situation on the Continent in 1803, 179-187;
firmness of intention to invade England, 1803-1805, 184-188, 191,
204, 213;
his policy and Nelson's counter projects, 182-187;
Nelson's singularly accurate prediction of future of, 188, 265;
Nelson's intuitive recognition of probable action of, 265, 270;
vast combinations for invasion of England, 267-272, 283, 284;
his understanding of the value of sea-power evidenced, 282.

"Boreas," British frigate, commanded by Nelson, 1784-1787, i. 44-80.

Brereton, British general, erroneous information sent to Nelson,
ii. 298-300;
Nelson's expressions of annoyance, 300, 309, 311, 318;
comment upon his mistake, 318, note.

Bronté, Duke of, Sicilian title and estate conferred upon Nelson, ii. 2;
his form of signature afterwards, 2 and note.

Brueys, French admiral, commander-in-chief at the Battle of the Nile,
i. 345;
his dispositions for action, 345-347.

Bruix, French admiral, commander-in-chief of a French fleet entering
the Mediterranean from Brest, i. 417, 422, 425, 428, 432;
effect of his approach upon proceedings in Naples, 432, 437, 441;
his return to Brest, 446, 448;
Nelson's comment upon his conduct, ii. 213.

"Bucentaure," French flagship at Trafalgar, Nelson's encounter with,
ii. 384-387;
surrender of, 391.

Cadiz, Nelson's visit to, i. 103-104;
his operations before, under Jervis, 286-288, 289-294;
his watch before, prior to Trafalgar, ii. 339, 356-361;
effect of position of, upon the Battle of Trafalgar, 369, 371, 372, 380.

"Ça Ira," French ship-of-the-line, Nelson's action with,
in the "Agamemnon," i. 163-166;
his credit for, 172.

Calder, Sir Robert, British admiral, captain of the fleet at the
Battle of St. Vincent, i. 281, 282;
his indecisive action with the allied fleets, in 1805, ii. 307, 313;
popular outcry against, 308, 315, 323, 353;
Nelson's relations with, 318, 319, 323, 327, 353-356;
recalled to England for trial, 353.

Calvi, town in Corsica, Nelson at the siege of, i. 136-148;
loses there his right eye, 139, 140.

Canary Islands. _See_ Teneriffe.

Capel, Thomas B., British captain, bearer of despatches after the
Battle of the Nile, i. 361, 371;
mentioned, 355, note, ii. 217.

"Captain," British ship-of-the-line, carries Nelson's
broad pendant as commodore, i. 230;
at the Battle of St. Vincent, 270-276;
injuries received there, 285;
Nelson quits her for the "Theseus," 285, 289.

Caracciolo, Francesco, commodore in the Neapolitan navy,
wounded feelings at the distrust of his Court, i. 390;
accompanies the flight to Palermo, obtains leave to return
to Naples, and joins the insurgents there, 437;
apprehension, trial, and execution of, 438;
comments upon Nelson's part in this transaction, 439-443.

Castlereagh, Lord, British Minister, Nelson's shrewd
prediction to him of the results of the Orders in Council affecting
neutral flags, and of the License System, ii. 330.

Clarence, Duke of. _See_ William Henry.

Codrington, Edward, British captain, expressions quoted:
about Nelson's seamanship, i. 15;
his family ties and love of glory, 72, ii. 175;
appearance of Nelson's ships, 288;
graciousness of Nelson's bearing, 340.

Collingwood, Cuthbert, British admiral, close connection between his
career and that of Nelson, i. 21, 22;
strong expression of regard for Nelson, 24;
association with Nelson in the West Indies, 54 and note, 55, 63;
at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent, 269, 273, 276, 281, 282;
strong expression upon the credit due to Nelson, 272;
his account of Nelson's cold reception at Court, in 1800, ii. 49;
sent from England to West Indies in 1805, 310;
hearing that Nelson is gone thither, takes position off
Cadiz instead, 311;
correspondence with Nelson on his return, 311-313;
left by Nelson in charge off Cadiz, 316, 317;
force collected under, when allies enter Cadiz, 334;
characteristics, 340;
part assigned to, by Nelson, for Trafalgar, 350-352;
his part at Trafalgar, 370-372, 377, 380, 383, 384;
Nelson's praise of, 384;
his sympathy with Nelson, 384;
notified of Nelson's fatal wound, 394.

Convoys, Nelson's comments on the behavior of, i. 33;
gives one to American merchant ships against French privateers, 289;
difficulty of providing in the Mediterranean, ii. 241-244.

Copenhagen, defences of, in 1801, ii. 72, 80, 81, 84, 85;
Battle of, Nelson's plans for, 84-87;
the battle, 87-97;
importance and difficulty of the achievement, 98, 99;
failure of the British Government to reward, 99, 162;
silence of the city of London, 161;
Nelson's action, 161-167.

Corfu, transferred, with the other Ionian Islands,
from Venice to France, i. 318;
Nelson's concern for, after the Battle of the Nile, 368, 405, 406;
taken by Russo-Turkish forces, 405;
British precautions against re-occupation by French, ii. 184;
concern of Nelson for, while commander-in-chief in the
Mediterranean, 1803-1805, 187, 190, 195, 266;
resort of privateers, 241;
Napoleon's estimate of, 206.

Cornwallis, William, British admiral, kindness to Nelson in
early life, i. 30 and note, 45;
Nelson directed to communicate with, off Brest in 1803, ii. 188, 189;
orders seizure of Spanish treasure-ships, 251;
Nelson directs that the order be disobeyed, 251;
services of, off Brest, 269;
Nelson joins, off Brest, on return from West Indies, 314, 317;
authorizes Nelson to return to England, 317.

Correspondence, Nelson's extensive, while in the Mediterranean, ii. 190;
his manner of conducting, 232-236.

Corsica, Island of, Nelson ordered to coast of, i. 115, 116;
Nelson's connection with operations there in 1794, 118-148;
strategic value of, to British, 155-159;
government as a British dependency, 159;
dissatisfaction of natives with British rule, 231;
tenure of, dependent on support of the natives, 234;
abandonment of, by the British, 247, 251-254;
threatened invasion of Sardinia from, ii. 204.

"Curieux," British brig of war, sent by Nelson to England
from West Indies with news of his movements, ii. 301;
falls in with combined fleets, 313;
Nelson's comment on hearing the fact, 313, 315.

Davison, Alexander, intimate friend of Nelson, Nelson expresses
despondency to, i. 412;
tells him circumstances of surrender of castles at Naples, 431, 432;
the "Lady of the Admiralty's" coolness, ii. 49;
account given by, of George III. speaking of Nelson, 49, 50;
Nelson's mention of Sir Hyde Parker to, 67, 68, 71, 164;
aids Nelson pecuniarily, 144;
charged by Nelson with a final message to Lady Nelson, 148;
Nelson's expressions to, about St. Vincent, 163;
about treatment of himself by the government, 170;
"Salt beef and the French fleet," 296;
about General Brereton, 318.

De Vins, Austrian general, commands on the Riviera in 1795, i. 187;
Nelson's association with, 187, 193-197, and opinion of, 197.

Dresden, Nelson's visit to, in 1800, ii. 43-45.

Drinkwater, Colonel, returns from Elba in frigate
with Nelson, 1797, i. 262;
incidents narrated of the voyage, 266-268;
witnesses the Battle of St. Vincent, 281;
interview with Nelson after the battle, 283;
characteristic anecdote of Nelson, 309.

Duckworth, Sir J.T., British admiral, association with
Nelson during operations in the Mediterranean, 1799,
i. 418, 419, 420, 421, 423, 442, ii. 1, 6.

Dundas, British general, commanding troops in Corsica, i. 121;
controversy with Lord Hood, 121, 122;
Nelson's opinion, 121.

Egypt, Bonaparte's expedition to, in 1798, i. 323-339;
Nelson's pursuit, 327-329, 331-338;
Nelson's constant attention to, 369, 404, 406,
ii. 182, 185, 201, 203, 211, 212, 213, 255, 270, 277,
280-282, 287, 302;
his urgency that the French army be not permitted to leave, 18-22.

El Arish, Convention of, signed, ii. 19.

Elba, island of, Nelson's opinion of importance of, i. 237;
his seizure of, 237;
evacuation of, 259-263, 287, 288.

"Elephant," British ship-of-the-line, Nelson's flagship
at Copenhagen, ii. 78, 83, 88-97.

Elgin, Earl of, British ambassador to Turkey, opinion upon the state
of things at Palermo during Nelson's residence there, i. 397;
Nelson's divergence of opinion from, concerning the French
quitting Egypt, ii. 19-21.

Elliot, Sir Gilbert, afterwards Lord Minto,
British representative in Corsica, 1794, i. 119;
Viceroy of Corsica, 154;
friendship between him and Nelson, 154, 275, 281, 283, 284,
ii. 153, 250, 325;
Nelson's correspondence with, i. 172, 203, 237, 239, 275, 281, 356,
ii. 3, 27, 36, 210, 250;
directs the seizure of Elba by Nelson, i. 237;
present at the evacuation of Corsica, 252, 253, and of Elba. 262;
passage with Nelson to Gibraltar, 262-268;
witnesses the Battle of St. Vincent, 275, 281;
advocacy of Nelson's claims to distinction, 284, 403;
incidental mention of Nelson by, i. 308,
ii. 34, 44, 92, 154, 172, 174, 308, 326, 332, 335;
mention of Lady Hamilton by, i. 379-382, ii. 44, 154, 320, 335;
ambassador to Vienna, i. 396 note.

Elliot, Hugh, British minister at Dresden during Nelson's visit
in 1800, ii. 43, 44;
minister to the two Sicilies during Nelson's Mediterranean command,
1803-1805, 189-310;
takes passage out with Nelson, 189;
correspondence between Nelson and, quoted, 191, 192, 194, 211,
212, 215, 218, 235, 246, 258, 263, 264, 286, 304, 310, 330.

Este, Lambton, association with Nelson mentioned, ii. 254-257.

Fischer, Commodore, commander-in-chief of Danish fleet at the
Battle of Copenhagen, ii. 94;
Nelson's controversy with, on account of his official report
of the battle, 107-109.

Fitzharris, Lord, British attaché at Vienna during Nelson's visit,
1800, anecdotes of Nelson and of Lady Hamilton, ii. 41, 42.

Flag of Truce, incident of the, at Copenhagen, ii. 94-98.

"Fleet in Being," indications of Nelson's probable opinion of
its deterrent effect, i. 135-137, 160, 182, 183, 196, 198,
213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 227; ii. 301-306.

Freemantle, British captain, with Nelson, at Teneriffe, i. 301-304;
at Copenhagen, ii. 83;
letter from Nelson to, concerning Calder, 318.

Frigates, Nelson's sense of the importance of, and of small cruisers
generally, i. 338, 340, 341; ii. 242-245, 274, 294, 334, 357, 358.

"Généreux," French ship-of-the-line, escape of, after the
Battle of the Nile, i. 357, 358;
capture of the "Leander" by, 361, 405;
captured by Nelson's squadron off Malta, ii. 24-29.

Genoa, importance of, to the South of France, i. 105, 106, 107;
difficult neutrality of, 157, 158, 184-192, 199-201, 218, 223,
226-228, 233, 393;
closes her ports against Great Britain, 1796, 244-246;
siege of city, in 1800, ii. 28;
surrender of, by Masséna, 37;
identified with France as the Ligurian Republic, 181, 182;
ports of, blockaded by Nelson, 219, 229, 230.

George III., King of Great Britain, prejudice of, against Nelson
in early life, i. 88, 89, 284;
subsequent approbation, 177, 284, 308;
interest in Nelson manifested by, ii. 49, 50;
subsequent coldness of, toward Nelson, apparently in consequence
of his relations to Lady Hamilton, 49.

Gillespie, Dr., account of life on board Nelson's flagship by,
ii. 223-225, 238, 248.

Goodall, Admiral, at the partial fleet action of March 14, 1795,
i. 168, 169;
his support of Nelson when under public censure for failure to
find the French fleet, 334.

Gore, British captain, commands squadron of frigates under Nelson's
orders, outside Straits of Gibraltar, ii. 244;
letter of Nelson to, concerning three frigates attacking a
ship-of-the-line, 245;
ordered by Nelson to disobey orders of Admiral Cornwallis to seize
Spanish treasure-ships, 250, 251.

Graves, Rear Admiral, second to Nelson at the Battle of Copenhagen,
ii. 83, 90;
made Knight of the Bath in reward for the action, 99.

Gravina, Spanish admiral, commander of the Spanish contingent,
and second in command of the combined fleet, at Trafalgar,
ii. 363, 369, 372, 396.

Greville, Charles, nephew to Sir William Hamilton, relations of,
to Emma Hart, afterwards Lady Hamilton, i. 373-379.

Hallowell, British captain, under Nelson at the siege of Calvi,
i. 139;
commands the "Swiftsure" at the Battle of the Nile, 353.

Hamilton, Emma, Lady, Nelson's first meeting with, i. 110, 111;
letter of Nelson to. 340;
conduct of, in Naples, upon receipt of news of the Battle of
the Nile, 371;
Nelson's second meeting with, 372;
previous history of, 373-379;
married to Sir William Hamilton, 378;
personal appearance and characteristics, 379-382, 384-386,
ii. 43-45, 150, 154, 223, 326, 335;
influence at Court of Naples, i. 383, 426, 442;
influence upon Nelson, 385-388, 441, 442, 444, ii. 23,
28-30, 38, 39, 41, 78, 330-332;
intermediary between the Court and Nelson, i. 389, 426, 428;
efficiency during the flight of the Court from Naples, 395;
scandal concerning her relations to Nelson, 396-398, ii. 30,
34, 35, 48-51, 154, 177, 178;
love of play, i. 397, ii. 41;
Nelson's infatuation for, i. 380, 422, 441, ii. 29, 30, 34,
35, 38, 39, 41, 43, 51, 53, 78, 110, 154, 326;
with Sir William Hamilton accompanies Nelson to Naples in
flagship, i. 428;
usefulness there, 444;
Nelson asks of the Czar insignia of the Order of Malta for,
ii. 10;
accompanies Nelson, with her husband, on a trip to Malta, 35,
and on the return journey to England, 36-45;
her reception by the London world, 48-50, 154;
Lady Nelson's attitude towards, 46-48, 51, 53;
attitude of Nelson's father towards, 55, 176;
of other members of Nelson's family, 55, 178, 326;
believed by Nelson to be the mother of Horatia, 56-58;
Nelson's letters to, during Copenhagen expedition, 68, 69,
72, 79, 88, 104, 105, 106, 110, 111, 116, 149;
letters to, while commanding preparations against invasion,
137, 139, 140-143, 149, 150;
purchases the Merton property for Nelson, 149-151;
disturbed relations with her husband, 151-153;
death of husband, 177;
Nelson's letters to, during his command in the Mediterranean,
1803-1805, 194, 222, 223, 256, 258, 279, 339, 353, 354;
Nelson's anxiety about confinement of, 210;
birth of a second child, 210;
allowance made by Nelson to, 248;
Nelson's last letter to, 365;
bequeathed by Nelson to his Country, 376, 389, 395;
mentioned by Nelson, when dying, 392, 393, 395.

Hamilton, Sir William, British minister to Naples, Nelson's
first association with, i. 110;
Nelson's correspondence with, during the Nile campaign,
327, 329, 330, 340-342, 368, 372;
Nelson's association with, while in command in Neapolitan
waters, 1798-1800, 372, 387, 389, 390, 393, 395-398, 427, 428-444,
ii. 21, 23, 27-30, 34, 35;
relations to Amy Lyon, otherwise Emma Hart, prior to their marriage,
375-378;
marriage to Emma Hart, 378;
onerous increase of diplomatic duties after the French Revolution
began, 384;
influence of Lady Hamilton upon, 383, 389, 397, ii. 44;
apparent unfitness for his position, i. 383, 397, 398, 435, 436;
accompanies Nelson to Naples in flagship, 428;
assertion of Nelson's full powers at this time by, 430;
official despatch of, relative to transactions at Naples,
June-July, 1799, quoted and discussed, 432-436;
share of, in these transactions, 444;
recalled to England, ii. 34;
accompanied by Nelson on return to England, 36-45;
Nelson takes up his residence with, 146;
with Lady Hamilton goes to live with Nelson at Merton, 150;
disturbed relations of, with his wife, 151-153;
death of, 177;
his professed confidence in Nelson, 178.

Hardy, Captain Thomas M., captured in the prize "Sabina," i. 260;
exchanged, 264, 266;
narrow escape from recapture, 267;
commander of the brig "Mutine," 323;
accompanies Nelson in Baltic expedition, ii. 65, 83;
continuous association with Nelson after St. Vincent, 392;
presence at Nelson's death-bed, 392-395;
incidentally mentioned, ii. 224, 234, 245, 337, 368, 374, 378,
385-389, 391.

Hart, Emma, name assumed by Lady Hamilton, prior to marriage, i. 375.

Haslewood, anecdote of final breach between Lord and Lady Nelson,
ii. 53.

Hillyar, Captain James, anecdotes of Nelson, ii. 175, note, 237-239.

"Hinchinbrook," British frigate, commanded by Nelson in youth,
i. 21-30;
singular coincidence that both Nelson and Collingwood were made
post into this ship, 21.

Hood, Admiral, Lord, opinion of Nelson in early life, i. 34;
Nelson obtains transfer of his ship to the fleet of, 36-39;
relations of Nelson with, prior to French Revolution, 37, 39,
41, 45, 66, 87, 89, 108;
appointed to command the Mediterranean fleet, 1793, 101;
services off Toulon, 103-117;
employs Nelson on detached service, at Naples, 108,
at Tunis, 113,
around Corsica, 115-120;
reduction of Corsica, 118-148;
return to England, 148, 149;
removed from the Mediterranean command, 175;
Nelson's opinion of, 119, 175, 176;
Nelson's relations with, during his Mediterranean command,
112, 116, 119, 122, 124, 148;
at siege of Bastia, 130-132;
at siege of Calvi, 142, 143;
inadequate mention of Nelson's services in Corsica by,
131-134, 152, 153;
differences with Colonel Moore, 143-145;
opinion of Nelson's merits at the Battle of the Nile, 361-363;
presents Nelson in the House of Peers, when taking his seat as
a viscount, ii. 160.

Hood, Captain Sir Samuel, pilots Nelson's fleet into Aboukir Bay,
i. 348;
share of, in the Battle of the Nile, 349, 350, 358;
left to blockade Alexandria, 366, 392;
incidentally mentioned, 401, 404, ii. 158.

Horatia, Nelson's daughter, birth of, ii. 56;
mentioned, 57, 223, 335;
Nelson's last letter to, 366;
desired by him to use the name of "Nelson" only, 366;
bequeathed by Nelson to his Country, 376, 389;
mentioned by Nelson in dying, 395.

Hoste, Captain William, midshipman with Nelson from 1793 to 1797,
i. 304;
describes Nelson's return on board wounded, after the affair
at Santa Cruz, 304;
lieutenant, and commander of the "Mutine," 371;
reception at Naples by Lady Hamilton, 371;
curious anecdote of, ii. 262, 263.

Hotham, Vice-Admiral, second in command to Lord Hood, mistaken
action of, i. 134, 135;
Nelson's comment on, 135, 150;
succeeds Hood as commander-in-chief, 149;
encounter with French Toulon fleet, 161-170;
Nelson's urgency with, 168,
and criticism of his action in this case, 169-172;
inadequate military conceptions of, 171, 182, 198;
difficulties of, recognized by Nelson, 171;
second encounter with the French, 178-180;
incompetent action, and Nelson's criticism, 179-182;
disastrous results of inefficiency of, 182, 183, 198, 203, 210;
sends Nelson to co-operate with Austrians on the Riviera, 184;
Nelson's opinion of his "political courage," 189;
personal dislike to co-operation of, 191, 197 and note;
inadequate support given to Nelson by, 197, 198, 202;
Nelson's opinion of the consequent mishaps, 182, 199, 202;
relieved by Sir Hyde Parker, 199.

Hotham, Sir William, criticism of Nelson's conduct towards
Lady Nelson, ii. 50;
mention of Lady Nelson's conduct after the separation, 53;
Nelson's aptitude at forwarding public service, 229.

Howe, Admiral, Lord, appoints Nelson to the command of the
"Boreas," i. 44;
kind reception of Nelson in 1787, 82;
victory of June 1st, 1794, Nelson's opinion of, 150;
Nelson's expression to, about the Battle of the Nile, 356;
opinion of, concerning the Battle of the Nile, 357, 363.

Hughes, Sir Richard, commander-in-chief of the Leeward Islands
Station, 1784-1786, i. 45;
Nelson's difficulties with, 49-53, and 53-58;
his attitude towards Nelson in the matter of enforcing the
Navigation Act, 58, 60, 63;
Nelson's reconciliation with, 72.

Hughes, Lady, account of Nelson as a very young captain, i. 46.

Ionian Islands, Corfu, etc., objects of Nelson's solicitude,
i. 368, 391, 405, 406, ii. 265. 266;
Russian occupation of, i. 405, ii. 14;
importance of, to Bonaparte, ii. 187, 188, 195, 241;
temporary political name of Republic of the Seven Islands, 190.

Ireland, Nelson's speculations as to Bonaparte's intentions against,
ii. 211, 212, 288, 315;
Collingwood's, 311, 312.

Jervis, Admiral Sir John, afterwards Earl of St. Vincent, i. 34;
commander-in-chief in the West Indies, 115;
commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean, 204, 212;
Nelson's first meeting with, 215;
desire of, to have Nelson remain under his command, 216, 229, 255;
his close blockade of Toulon, 230, 242;
Nelson's lofty opinion of, 244, 248;
forced to concentrate his fleet owing to the attitude of Spain,
245, 246;
embarrassment caused to, by conduct of Admiral Man, 246, 251;
ordered to evacuate the Mediterranean, 247;
retires to Gibraltar, 254;
sends Nelson back to superintend the evacuation of Elba, 259;
his opinions of Nelson, as expressed, 261, 281, 282, 294, 299,
306, 323, 363, 403, ii. 67, 104, 116, 118, 120, 196, 198;
rejoined by Nelson, off Cape St. Vincent, i. 268;
Battle of Cape St. Vincent, 268-277;
operations after the battle, 285-288;
blockade and bombardment of Cadiz, 288-294;
sends Nelson to Teneriffe, 298, 299;
sympathy with Nelson in his defeat and wound, 306;
created Earl of St. Vincent, 306;
rejoined by Nelson after convalescence, 310;
expressions of satisfaction thereat, 310;
aversion of, to extending the operations of the fleet, 320;
sends Nelson to watch the Toulon armament, 310, 323;
denounced for choosing so young a flag-officer, 337;
opinion of the Battle of the Nile, 363;
orders Nelson to return to the western Mediterranean, 366;
the affair of Sir Sidney Smith, 401, 402;
absolute confidence of, in Nelson, 408;
action upon the incursion of Bruix's fleet, 420-423;
gives up the command of the Mediterranean, 424;
Nelson's distress and vexation, 424, ii. 263;
succeeded in command by Lord Keith, i. 425, 428;
takes command of Channel Fleet, 1800, ii. 56;
Nelson joins him as subordinate, 56;
stern resolution in face of the Baltic Coalition, 64;
becomes First Lord of the Admiralty, 67;
Nelson's gradual alienation from, 69, 140, 141, 142, 162, 163,
167, 170, 172;
full approval of Nelson's course in the Baltic by, 73, 104;
indisposition to grant rewards for services at Copenhagen, 99,
162, 163, 167;
reluctance to relieve Nelson, 116;
insists with Nelson that he must accept and retain command of
preparations against invasion, 120, 139, 145;
correspondence with Nelson on this subject, 120-126, 134, 135,
136, 139, 143;
divergence of views from Nelson's on the subject of a flotilla,
131, 132;
misunderstanding between Nelson and, on the subject of medals for
Copenhagen, 162, 163, 167;
sends Nelson to the Mediterranean as commander-in-chief, 175;
injury to Navy from excessive economy of, 172, 196;
correspondence of Nelson with, while commander-in-chief in the
Mediterranean, quoted, 188, 189, 196, 198, 213;
retires from the Admiralty, and succeeded by Lord Melville, 221.

KEATS, Captain Richard G., favorite with Nelson, ii. 293;
letters from Nelson to, 293, 297, 298, 323.

Keith, Admiral, Lord, second in command to St. Vincent in the
Mediterranean, i. 423;
St. Vincent relinquishes command to, 425, 428;
characteristics of, 425;
friction between Nelson and, 425-427;
advice of, to Nelson, concerning executions in Naples, 442;
Nelson's disobedience to orders of, 445-454;
pursues combined fleets to English Channel, 448, ii. 14;
inferiority of, to Nelson, in military sagacity, i. 450, ii. 38;
absence from Mediterranean prolonged, ii. 4;
resumes command in the Mediterranean, 22;
Nelson's resentment at his return, 3, 23;
relations between the two, 23, 27-30, 32, 36-38;
orders Nelson to assume personal charge of blockade of Malta, 28;
generous letter of, to Nelson, 35;
dissatisfaction of, with Nelson's course, 36-38;
displeasure of Queen of Naples with, 38, 39;
measures of, to prevent French encroachments during
Peace of Amiens, 184;
successful resistance of, to the Admiralty's attempt to reduce
his station, 249.

Kleber, French general, succeeds Bonaparte in the command in Egypt,
ii. 17;
convinced of the hopelessness of retaining Egypt, 18;
makes the Convention of El Arish with the Turks, 18-20.

Knight, Miss, friend and companion of the Hamiltons, ii. 39;
accompanies them and Nelson on journey to England in 1800, 39-48;
incidents mentioned by, relative to this period, 39, 40, 48;
testimony to Nelson's love for his wife, prior to meeting with
Lady Hamilton, 55.

LATOUCHE-TRÉVILLE, French admiral, in command off Boulogne, and
successful repulse of British boats, ii. 135-138, 214;
in command of Toulon fleet, 214;
Nelson's attempts to lure out of port, 214-216, 219, 220;
reports that Nelson retreated before him, and Nelson's wrath,
217-219;
death of, 257.

Layman, Lieutenant, and Commander, serving with Nelson on board
the St. George, 1801, ii. 69;
anecdotes of Nelson by, 70, 72, 158, 356;
loses the brig "Raven" when carrying despatches, 279;
characteristic letter of Nelson in behalf of, 279, 280.

"Leander," British fifty-gun ship, Campaign and Battle of the Nile,
i. 327, 352, 353;
sent with despatches to Gibraltar, 360;
captured by the "Généreux," 361;
recaptured by Russians, and restored to Great Britain, 405.

Leghorn, Nelson's visits to, i. 148, 151, 161, 208;
importance of, to the French, 157, 160,
and to the British fleet, 161, 231, 232;
occupation of, by Bonaparte, in 1796, 233;
blockade of, by Nelson, 236-238;
Nelson's project for an assault of, 238-241;
occupation of, by Neapolitans, in 1798, 393, 406;
blockade of, recommended by Nelson, in 1803, ii. 182.

Lindholm, Danish officer, aide-de-camp to Crown Prince at the
Battle of Copenhagen, sent to Nelson with reply to the message
under flag of truce, ii. 96;
association with the negotiations, 97, 101, 103;
testimony of, to Nelson's motives in sending flag of truce, 97;
correspondence of, with Nelson, relative to the conduct of
Commodore Fischer, 108, 109.

Linzee, Commodore, Nelson serves under, on mission to Tunis,
i. 113;
Nelson's causeless dissatisfaction with conduct of, 114.

Lisbon, headquarters of British fleet after evacuation of the
Mediterranean, i. 260, 285, 286, 310;
forbidden to British in 1803, ii. 181.

Locker, Captain William, Nelson's early commander and life-long
friend, i. 17-20, 21.

Louis, Captain Thomas, Nelson's expressions of obligation to,
at the Battle of the Nile, i. 351.

"Lowestoffe," British frigate, Nelson commissioned lieutenant
into, and incidents on board of, i. 16-20;
his place on board of, filled by Collingwood, 21.

Lyon, Amy, maiden name of Lady Hamilton, i. 373.

Mack, Austrian general, association with Nelson before and
after the disastrous Neapolitan campaign of 1798, i. 392-394.

Madalena Islands, situation of, and importance to Nelson's fleet,
ii. 201-205, 207;
Nelson there receives news of Villeneuve's first sailing, 266.

Malmesbury, Lady, mention of Lady Hamilton by, i. 379, 382;
of Nelson and Hyde Parker, ii. 67.

Malta, seizure of, by Bonaparte, i. 329, 331;
Nelson's estimate of the importance of, 330, 407, ii. 13, 195, 198;
his concern for, i. 368, 369, 414, ii. 5, 7-14, 243, 316, 317;
directs blockade of, i. 369,
by Portuguese squadron, 371;
blockade of, 391, 392, 409, 420, 423, ii. 1, 7-14, 23-34, 36, 37;
Nelson's jealousy of Russian designs upon, i. 406-408;
capture near, of the "Généreux," ii. 23-28,
and of the "Guillaume Tell," 31;
Nelson ordered by Keith to take personal charge of blockade of, 28;
Nelson quits blockade of, 30, 31;
takes ships off blockade, contrary to Keith's wishes, 36-39;
surrender of, to the British, 62;
effect of surrender of, upon the Czar, 62;
Nelson's views as to the ultimate disposition of, 168;
Nelson's visit to, in 1803, 189, 194;
strategic importance of, 182, 195, 264.

Man, Admiral Robert, in command under Hotham, at the fleet action of
July 13, 1795, i. 180;
Nelson's commendation of, 180;
subsequent mistakes of, in 1796, 240, 248, 249, 254;
Nelson's expressions concerning, 240, 248;
allusion to, ii. 19.

Marengo, Battle of, Nelson in Leghorn at the time of, ii. 37, 179.

Maritimo, Island of, strategic centre for a rendezvous, i. 420, 426,
427.

Masséna, French general, defeats the combined Austrians and Russians
near Zurich, ii. 15;
Nelson likened to, 52.

Matcham, Mrs., Nelson's sister, attitude towards Lady Hamilton,
ii. 55, 178;
towards Lady Nelson, 178;
anecdote of Nelson transmitted by, 335.

Matcham, George, Nelson's nephew, letter of, dated 1861, giving
recollections of Nelson, ii. 155-157.

Melville, Lord, First Lord of the Admiralty, in succession to
St. Vincent, reply to Nelson's appeal to reverse previous refusal
of medals for Copenhagen, ii. 167;
Nelson's letter to, about his missing the French fleet, 280-282.

Merton, Nelson's home in England, purchase of, by him, ii. 144, 149,
150;
life at, during Peace of Amiens, 146-178;
final stay at, 320-336.

Messina, importance of, to the security of Sicily, Nelson's
opinions, i. 413, 414, 417, ii. 186, 191-193.