Chapter XIV (2)

Chanzy, General, open letter, 190

Chappuis, Charles, 33
Letter to Pasteur, 20
On national testimonial to Pasteur, 246
Sketch of, 18
Visits Pasteur, 462

Chaptal, discoveries of, 195

Charbon. (_See Anthrax_)

Charcot on Pasteur’s antirabic cure, 438

Charrière, schoolfellow of Louis Pasteur, 7, 37

Charrin, Dr., performs inoculations, 432

Chartres:
Experiment on vaccination against anthrax near, 328
Pasteur at, 284, 303
Scientific congress at, 276

Chassaignac, Dr., on “laboratory surgery,” 228

Chauveau on contagion, 366

Chemists and Physicians, 224, 233

Chevreul, M., 59
On siege of Paris, 188, 189

Chicken cholera, 297 _seqq._

Chiozza, letter to Pasteur, 200

Cholera, 126
At Damietta and Cairo, 378

Christen, town councillor at Vaucresson, 406

Christophle, speech at inauguration of Pasteur Institute, 441

Clermont Ferrand, Pasteur at, 206

Clouet invents system of manufacturing steel, 195

Coblentz, _préfecture_, 189

Cochin, Denys, at Pasteur Jubilee, 448

Colin, Professor G., 277, 278
Advice to Biot, 319
Experiments on anthrax, 264, 267, 268

Collège de France, 40 _note_, 146

Compiègne, Pasteur at, 127

Comte, Auguste, 124, 125
Doctrine, 342

Conseil-Général de département, 78 _note_

Contagious diseases, problem of, 223 _seqq._

Conti, Napoleon III’s secretary, 153

Copenhagen Medical Congress, Pasteur at, 398

Coquelin:
Acts in _Plaideurs_, 128
Recites at Trocadéro fête, 431

Cornil, on acarus of itch, 366

Coulon, schoolfellow of Louis Pasteur, 7, 36

Cribier, Mme., 161

Cuisance River, 6, 7, 181

Cuvier, 356

D

Daguerre, national testimonial to, 245

Dalimier, Paul, Pasteur’s advice to, 109

Dalloz, editor of _Moniteur_, 158

Damietta, cholera at, 378

Darboux, “doyen” of Faculty of Science, 31

Daremberg, Dr., on Pasteur at
Medical Congress, 332

Darlay as science master, 14

Darwin:
On earthworms, 304
On vivisection, 337

Dastre, M., 279

Daubrée, speech at Pasteur Jubilee, 449

Daunas, sketch of, 14

David, Jeanne, wife of Denis Pasteur, 1

Davaine, Dr. C., 272, 278, 354
At experiment on earthworms, 304
Experiments on septicæmia, 229, 265
On butyric ferment, 228, 258

Davy, Sir H., 195

Debray, M., 327

Déclat, Dr., on Pasteur’s experiments, 223
Prescribes carbolic solution for wounds, 239

Delafond, Dr.:
On charbon blood, 258
Studies anthrax, 275

Delafosse, Professor of Mineralogy, 33, 36

Delaunay acts in _Plaideurs_, 128

Delesse, Professor of Science at Besançon, 45

Delort, General Baron, 30
Native of Arbois, 202

Demarquay, Dr., prescribes carbolic solution for wounds, 239

Denmark, King and Queen of, at Medical Congress, 399

Denonvilliers, surgery under, 235

_Départements_, 52 _note_

Descartes in Holland, 200

Despeyroux, Professor of Chemistry, 171

Dessaignes, chemist, 70

Deville, Henri Sainte Claire, 42, 45, 137, 160
Admiration for Pasteur’s precision, 287
At Compiègne, 162
At Tuileries, 154
Character, 146
Congratulates Pasteur on Testimonial, 246
Death, 327
Laboratory, 84
Letter to Mme. Pasteur, 174
On Académie and Science, 196
On Commission of Hygiene, 186
Scientific mission in Germany, 179
Studies cholera, 126

Devise, speech at Pasteur Jubilee, 449

Diabetes, 135

Diderot on spontaneous generation, 90

Didon, gratitude to Pasteur, 144, 161

Dieffenbach, M., 335

Dieulafoy, Professor, attends Pasteur, 459

Diphtheria, 453
Statistics of mortality, 456

Disraeli quoted on public health, 446

Dôle:
Jean Joseph Pasteur settles at, 5
Memorial plate on Pasteur’s house at, 376
Presentation to Pasteur from, 450

Douay village, 1

Doucet, Camille, on Pasteur’s speech, 345

Dresden, Pasteur at, 65

Droz, Joseph, his moral doctrine, 16

Dubois, Alphée, engraves medal for Pasteur, 354

Dubois, Paul, 127
Bust of Pasteur, 401

Duboué, Dr., theory on hydrophobia, 393

Duc, Viollet le, 127, 128

Du Camp, Maxime, 346

Duchartre elected member of Académie, 100

Duclaux, M., 102, 103, 104, 131, 138, 169, 170, 204, 205
Accompanies Pasteur to Milan, 250
Advice to Pasteur, 217
_Annals of Pasteur Institute_, 434
At Pasteur Jubilee, 448
Class of biological chemistry, 440
Congratulates Pasteur on testimonial, 246
On Bastian, 253
On heating liquids, 255
Professor of Chemistry at Clermont Ferrand, 206

Ducret, Antoine and Charles, shot, 202

Ducrot, General, 155

Dujardin-Beaumetz, on antirabic cure, 434

Dumas, Alexandre, 106, 107
Pasteur and, 341
Visits Pasteur, 460

Dumas, J. B., 418
Académie sponsor for Pasteur, 344
Advice to Pasteur, 89, 103
Appreciation of Pasteur, 252
At Alais, 170
Death, 384
Interest in sericiculture, 117
_La Vie d’un Savant_, 383 _note_;
letter on, 383
Laboratory, 42
Letter to Bouley, 312
Letters to Pasteur, 60, 166, 169
On Académie and Science, 196
-- Commission on spontaneous generation, 106
-- _Critical Examination_, 287
-- Destruction of Regnault’s instruments, 191
-- Fermentation, 79, 80
Presents Pasteur to Napoleon III, 104
President of Monetary Commission, 145
Requests Pasteur for article on
Lavoisier, 121, 122
Senator, 174
Sketch of, 356
Sorbonne lecturer, 21, 25, 40, 44, 55, 59
Speech at Péclet’s tomb, 328
Speech to Pasteur, 354
Statue at Alais to, 446

Dumont, Dr., 8

Dupuy, Charles, speech at Pasteur Jubilee, 448

Duran, Carolus, portrait of Pasteur, 439

Duruy, M., 106
At inauguration of Pasteur Institute, 441
At Tuileries, 154
Attitude towards Germany, 178
Letter to Pasteur, 139
Minister of Public Instruction, 130
System of National Education, 140
Visits Pasteur, 165

E

Earthworms, pathogenic action of, 304

Eastern Army Corps, 192, 193

_Ecole Normale_, 10 _and note_, 154
An ambulance, 180, 188
Disturbances at, 143
_Scientific Annals of_, 110
Students enlist, 180

Ecole Polytechnique, 43 _note_, 154

Edelfeldt, portrait of Pasteur, 440

Eggs, researches on alteration of, 231

Ehrenberg, discoveries on infusories, 214

Electric telegraph, birth of, 76

Elsinore, congress visit, 402

Emperor of Brazil, interest in Pasteur’s experiments, 403

Empress Eugénie:
At Bordighera, 436
Interview with Pasteur, 127, 128
Regent, 182

_Enfants Malades_ hospital: diphtheritic treatment at, 455

English commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 430
Report, 437

Erdmann, M., 64

Exhibition reward distribution, 141

F

_Facultés_, 31 _note_

Falloux, attitude towards liberty of teaching, 52

Fauvel, on Pasteur’s inductions, 369

Favé, General, 133, 147, 162, 163

Favre, Jules, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 182
Armistice, 193
Interview with Bismarck, 184

“February days,” 37 _note_

Feltz on puerperal fever, 292

Fermentation, teaching on, 80, 101, 222, 240
Alcoholic, 85, 104, 113, 286
Butyric, 99, 220, 228, 258
Lactic, 83, 215
of tan, 186
Virus, 223 _seqq._

Ferrières Château, interview between Bismarck and Favre at, 184

Fikentscher, obtains racemic acid, 62

Fleming, Mr., 430
On commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 430

Flesschutt, Dr., 131

Fleys, Dr., proposes toast of Pasteur, 373

Flourens, on spontaneous generation, 105, 106

Fontainebleau, Napoleon at, 4

Formate of strontian crystals, 50

Fortoul, Minister of Public Instruction, 75

Fouqué, M., 327

Fourcroy, M., 248
Discoveries of, 195

Foy, General, works of, 183

Franco-German War, 177 _seqq._

Franklin on scientific discovery, 76

Frederic III, sketch of, 330

Frémy, M.:
On origin of ferments, 216, 218
Theory of fermentation, 241

French character, 207

G

Gaidot, Father, 12

Gaillard, M. de, 361

Galen:
Discoveries through vivisection, 336
Remedy for hydrophobia, 407

Galtier, experiments on hydrophobia, 393

_Garde Nationale_, 37 _note_

Gardette, M. de la, 361

Gautier, Théophile, 125

Gay-Lussac, 356
Lectures at _Jardin des Plantes_, 419
Speech before Chamber of Peers, 245
Studies racemic acid, 26

Gayon, researches on alteration of eggs, 231

Geneva Congress of Hygiene, 357

Germs, Pasteur’s theory of, 187

Gernez, M., 104, 161, 166, 169, 170, 327
_Centenary of Ecole Normale_, 110
Collaborates with Pasteur, 130, 138, 156, 204

Gérôme, Knight of Legion of Honour, 142

Gille, Dr., attends Pasteur, 459

Girard on vineyard labourers and Pasteur, 420

Girardin, St. Marc, 82

Girod, Henry, Royal Notary of Salins, 1

Glénard adopts Brand’s treatment of typhoid, 364

Godélier, Dr., 160

Goltz, M. de, Prussian Ambassador, 127

Gosselin, Dr., 240

Got acts in _Plaideurs_, 128

Gounod conducts _Ave Maria_ at Trocadéro fête, 431

Grancher, Dr.:
Admiration for Pasteur’s experiments, 417, 424
Advises Pasteur to winter in South, 432
Attends Pasteur, 459
On antirabic cure, 434
Pasteur consults, 415
Performs inoculations, 432
Speech at inauguration of Pasteur Institute, 441

Grandeau, M., 327
Letter to Pasteur, 341

Gravière, Admiral Jurien de la, 433

Gréard, deputy to Edinburgh, 384

Greece, King and Queen of, at Medical Congress, 399

Grenet, Pasteur’s curator, 213

Gressier, M., Minister of Agriculture, 275

Grévy, Jules, supports Tamisier and Thurel, 248

Gridaine, Cunin, Minister of Agriculture, 275

Gsell, Stéphane, on origin of Sériana, 452

Guérin, Alphonse, on cause of purulent infection, 236

Guérin, Jules, on vaccine, 308

Guillaume, Eugène, deputy to Edinburgh, 384

Guillemin, M., 77
Schoolfellow of Louis Pasteur, 7

Guizot, M.:
Deputy to Edinburgh, 384
Quoted on spontaneous generation, 112
Welcomes Biot to Académie, 82

Guyon, Professor:
Accepts Pasteur’s advice, 232
Attends Pasteur, 459

H

Hankel, Professor of Physics at Leipzig, 64

Hardy, M., welcomes Pasteur to Académie de Médecine, 370

Harvey, discoveries through vivisection, 336

Hautefeuille, M., 327

Heated wine, experiments on, 157

_Hemiorganism_, 216

Henner, portrait of Pasteur, 439

Henri IV plants mulberry trees, 116, 172

Hens and anthrax, 267, 277
Commission on, 278

Héricourt, Dr., 455
At Villeneuve l’Etang, 445

Hervé, Edouard, 427

Heterogenia. (_See_ Spontaneous generation)

Hippocrates, allusions to hydrophobia, 407

Horsley, Victor, secretary to Commission on inoculation
for hydrophobia, 431, 437

Houssaye, Henry, on ovation to Pasteur, 426

Hugo, Victor, _Année Terrible_, 191

Huguenin, portrait of Bonaparte, 181

Humbert of Italy, Prince, 141

Humboldt, Alexander von, interview with J. B. Dumas, 356

Husson, M., 166
_Researches on Vaccine_, 405

Huxley on Pasteur’s discoveries, 374, 375

Hydrophobia:
Dogs inoculated against, 395;
Commission, 395, 410
English Commission on inoculation for, 430
Report, 437
Experiments on, 318, 363, 383, 390, 410, 422 _seqq._
Former remedies, 407
Origin of, 409

Hygiene:
Central Commission, 186
International Congress of, 446

I

Iceland spar, 27

Ingenhousz, 100

_Institut de France_, 29 _note_

J

Jacobsen, J. C., founds Carlsberg Brewery, 401

Jacquinet, sub-director of Ecole Normale, 84, 144, 145

Jaillard, experiments on _anthrax_, 258, 261

Jamin, M., 354
On heterogenist dispute, 111

Jarry, Claude, royal notary, 2

Jenner, national rewards to, 374

Joinville, Prince de, 53 _and note_

Joly, Nicolas, professor of physiology, Toulouse, 95, 104, 138, 216, 255
Demands Commission on spontaneous generation, 105, 111
Lecture at Faculty of Medicine, 111

Jouassain, Mlle., acts in _Plaideurs_, 128

Joubert, professor of physics at Collège Rollin, 254, 265, 269, 271

Jourdan, Gabrielle, wife of Jean Henri Pasteur, 2

_Journal de la Médecine et de la Chimie_ quoted, 310

Joux, forest of, 1

Jupille, J. B., bitten by mad dog, 421;
inoculated, 422

K

Kaempfen, director of fine arts, Dôle, 376

Kestner, produces paratartaric acid, 26, 62, 65, 68

Kitasato, discovers antitoxin for diphtheria, 455
Studies plague, 458

Klebs, discovers bacillus of diphtheria, 454

Klein, Dr., _pneumo-enteritis of swine_, 362

Koch, Dr.:
At Thuillier’s funeral, 381
Campaign against Pasteur, 357, 359, 363, 367
Finds bacillus of tuberculosis, 227
On _bacillus anthracis_, 259, 260
Studies cholera, 379, 382

Kuhn, Chamalières brewer, 207

L

Laboratories, 42, 84, 153

Lachadenède, M. de, 121, 171

Lactic fermentation, 83, 99

Lagrange, quoted on Lavoisier’s execution, 195

Lamartine, 36 _and note_

Lambert, Françoise, wife of Claude Etienne Pasteur, 2

Lamy, Auguste, 161

Landouzy, on ambulance ward (1870), 235

Lannelongue, Dr., 289, 391

Laplace, M., 356

Lapparent, M. de, Chairman of Commission on wine, 156, 157

Larrey Baron, 309
On Jupille and Pasteur’s discovery, 423
Surgery under, 235, 240

Laubespin, Comte de, 427

Lauder-Brunton, Dr., on Commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 430

Laurent, Auguste, 55
Sketch of, 31, 33

Laurent, Madame, 47

Laurent, Maria. (_See_ Pasteur, Mme. Louis)

Laurent, M., Rector of Academy of Strasburg, 47, 156
Sketch of, 47, 54

Lavoisier, death, 195
Edition of his works, 122

Le Bel, studies on stereo-chemistry, 445

Le Dantec, studies on yellow fever in Brazil, 461

Le Fort, Léon:
On puerperal fever, 290
Surgery under, 235, 270

Le Roux, _Dissertation sur la Rage_, 407

Le Verrier, 129 _note_, 131

Leblanc, statistics of deaths from hydrophobia, 428

Lechartier, M., 104, 327

Lefebvre, General, 4

Lefort, Mayor of Arbois, 202

Lemaire, Jules, prescribes carbolic solution for wounds, 239

Lemuy, situation of, 1

Leplat, experiments on _anthrax_, 258, 261

Lereboullet, on anthrax, 269

Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 142
Deputy to Edinburgh, 384

Leval Division:
At Arcis-sur-Aube, 4
At Bar-sur-Aube, 3

Lhéritier, candidate for Académie de Médecine, 225

Liberty of teaching, law on, 52

Liebig:
Ideas on fermentation, 175, 215, 222
Interview with Pasteur, 176
Theory of fermentation, 80, 81, 241

Lille:
Pasteur Dean of Faculté at, 75
Pasteur Institute at, 461

Lister, Sir Joseph:
Appreciation of Pasteur, 252
At Pasteur Jubilee, 449
Letter to Pasteur, 238
Method of surgery, 238, 239
On Commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 430
Surgical method, 187, 216

Littré:
_Medicine and Physicians_, 294
On _Microbe_, 267
On primary causes, 244
Sketch of, 342

Loeffler, isolates bacillus of diphtheria, 454

Loir, Adrien, 54, 58, 360, 362, 402
Dean of Lyons Faculty of Science, 194
Head of Pasteur Institute, Tunis, 461

London, Pasteur visits, 210

London Medical Congress, Pasteur at, 329

London Society for Protection of Animals, complaints on vivisection, 336

Longet, Dr., _Treatise on Physiology_, 127

Lons-le-Saulnier, 192, 248

Louis XI introduces mulberry tree into Touraine, 116

Louis XVI, 171
Proposal for balloon ascent, 405

Lucas-Championnière, Just:
Edits _Journal de la Médecine_, 310
On dressing of wounds, 238

Lycée St. Louis, 11, 21, 22

Lyons, Pasteur at, 194

Lyons Commission on silkworm disease, 170

M

MacDonald, General, 4

Magendie, M.:
Experiment with rabic blood, 392
Interview with Quaker, 334

Maillot, M.:
Accompanies Pasteur to Milan, 249
Collaborates with Pasteur, 130, 138, 166, 169

Mairet, Bousson de, sketch of, 8

Maisonneuve, Dr., prescribes carbolic solution for wounds, 239

Malic acid, optical study of, 57, 59

Malus, Etienne Louis, discovers polarization of light, 27

Marat, conduct to Lavoisier, 195

Marchoux, attends on Pasteur, 459

Marcou, geologist, 161

Marie, Dr., attends on Pasteur, 459

Marie, Grand Duchess of Russia, 141

Marmier, attends on Pasteur, 459

Marnoz, Jean Joseph, Pasteur at, 6

Martin, M.:
Attends on Pasteur, 459
Collaborates with Roux, 455
Lecture on diphtheria, 457

Maternité, mortality at, 290

Mathilde, Princesse, 107
Salon, 125

Maucuer, at Bollène, 360

Maunory, M., 284, 303

Maury, A., 137

Medici, Catherine de, plants mulberry tree in Orléannais, 116

Medicine, general condition (1873), 226, 233

Meissonier, Knight of Legion of Honour, 142

Meister, Joseph, 432
Bitten by mad dog, 414
Inoculated, 415, 429

Melun Agricultural Society, tribute to Pasteur, 350

Melun, experiment on vaccination of anthrax near, 314, 316

Méricourt, Le Roy de, 225

Méry, on anatomists, 226

Mesnil, M. du, 163
Attends on Pasteur, 459

Metchnikoff:
At Pasteur Jubilee, 448
Directs private laboratories, 440
Work on “leucocytes,” 458

Metz surrendered, 185

Meudon, proposed laboratory at, 398

Mézières, mission to Edinburgh, 384

Michelet quoted on his friendship with Poinsat, 18

Microbe:
Rossignol on, 314
Word invented, 266

Microscope, results of its invention, 90

Mièges, near Nozeroy, registers of, 1

Milan Congress of Sericiculture, Pasteur at, 249

Miller, M., 66

Milne-Edwards:
At Tuileries, 154
On Commission on spontaneous generation, 106

Mina, Espoz y, sketch of, 3

Mitscherlich, chemist and crystallographer, 26
In Paris, 61
Theory of fermentation, 241

Moigno, Abbé, on spontaneous generation, 112

Molecular dissymmetry, 38, 72, 88, 199, 445

Monge, method of founding cannon, 195, 248

Monod, Henri, quotes Disraeli on public health, 446

Montaigne quoted on friendship, 18

Montalembert, attitude towards liberty of teaching, 52

Montanvert, 97, 105

Montpellier, Pasteur at, 353

Montrond, Pasteur at, 192

Moquin-Tandon, on Pasteur’s candidature for Académie, 100

Morax, attends on Pasteur, 459

Moreau, Armand, 278, 279

Moritz, on chicken cholera, 297

Morveau, Guyton de, 195, 248

Mount Poupet, Pasteur climbs, 97

Mouthe Priory, 1

Mucors, Raulin’s experiments on, 204

Mulberry tree, 116

Musset, Charles, 120, 216, 255
Demands Commission on spontaneous generation, 105
New _Experimental Researches on Heterogenia_, 94

Mussy, Dr. Henry Gueneau de:
Congratulates Pasteur, 337
Deputy to Edinburgh, 384
Paper on contagium germ, 263

Mussy, Dr. Noël Guineau de, 160

Mycoderma, 101, 128

_Mycoderma aceti_, 148, 215, 230

_Mycoderma vini_, 218, 219, 230

N

Napoleon I:
At Fontainebleau, 4
Respect for Science, 195
Restores silk industry, 116

Napoleon III:
Distributes exhibition rewards, 141
Grants laboratory to Pasteur, 147
Interest in sericiculture, 128, 133, 174
Interview with Pasteur, 104
Invites Pasteur to Compiègne, 127
Leaves Sedan and Paris, 181
Letter on Pasteur’s laboratory, 162
Summons scientists to Tuileries, 154

Napoleon, Prince, interviews with Pasteur, 436

National Testimonials, 245

Naumann, Dr. Maurice, 197
Professor of mineralogy, 286

Needham, partisan of spontaneous generation, 90

Nélaton, on surgery (1870), 236

Ney, General, 4

Nicolle, Dr., laboratory of bacteriology at Constantinople, 461

Niepce, national testimonial to, 245

Nîmes, Pasteur at, 352, 354

Nisard, Professor:
Academic sponsor for Pasteur, 344
Director of Ecole Normale, 84, 143
Letters to Pasteur, 119, 303
Sketch of, 345

Nocard, M., 307
Goes to Alexandria, 379
On hydrophobia, 403, 409

O

Oersted and modern telegraph, 76

“Ordonnances,” 8 _and note_.

Orleans, Pasteur lectures on vinegar at, 148

Oudinot, General, 4

Ovariotomy, fatal results of, 235

P

Pagès, Dr., Mayor of Alais, 121, 172

Paget, Sir James:
At Copenhagen Medical Congress, 399
President of Commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 430
Speech at Medical Congress, 330

Paillerols, near Digne, 169

Panum, President of Copenhagen
Medical Congress, 399

Parandier, M., 43

Paratartaric (_racemic_) acid, 26, 38, 41, 62
Pasteur in search of, 63 _seqq._

Pareau, Mayor of Arbois, 13

Parieu, M. de, Minister of Public Instruction, 54

Paris:
Bombarded, 188
Capitulation, 193
Prepares for siege, 183

Parmentier on potato, 171

Pasteur, Camille, 119, 121, 123

Pasteur, Cécile, 130

Pasteur, Claude, 1
Marriage contract, 1

Pasteur, Claude Etienne, 2
Enfranchised, 2

Pasteur, Denis, marries Jeanne David, 1

Pasteur Hospital, project for, 464

Pasteur Institute:
_Annals of_, 434, 435, 457
Founded, 428
Inauguration, 440
Scholarships, 452
Trocadéro fête for, 431

Pasteur, Jean Henri, at Besançon, 2

Pasteur, Jean Joseph, 250
Character, 7, 22, 58
Conscript, 3
Death, 118
In Paris, 12, 57
Marriage, 5
Sergeant-major, 4
Studies, 31

Pasteur, Jeanne, death of, 86, 118

Pasteur, Josephine, 18, 30, 50

Pasteur, Louis:
Administration of Ecole Normale, 84, 109, 112
Advice to Paul Dalimier, 109
Advice to Raulin, 203
Article on Claude Bernard’s works, 134
-- indifference of public authorities, 151
-- Lavoisier, 122, 124
At Arbois, 7, 180, 420, 437
-- Besançon Royal College, 14 _seqq._
-- Bordeaux, 339
-- Compiègne, 127
-- Copenhagen Medical Congress, 398
Speech, 399
-- Geneva Congress of Hygiene, 358
-- London Medical Congress, 357
Lecture, 331, 337
-- Milan Congress of Sericiculture, 250
Speech, 251
-- Villa Vicentina, 173
-- Villeneuve l’Etang, 462
Birth, 6
Candidate for Academy of
Sciences, 81, 100
Candidature for Senate, 247
Characteristics, 9, 10, 12, 16, 22, 23, 25, 32, 60,
151, 223, 246, 252, 295, 325, 462
Chemistry and Physics theses, 34
Consulted on inoculation for peripneumonia, 350
Criticism of Bernard’s posthumous notes, 281, 287
Curator in Balard’s laboratory, 32
Crystallographic researches, 26, 38, 57, 60, 445
Lecture on, 102
Dean of Lille Faculté, 75, 249
Death, 464
Delegation to, 354
Deputy to Edinburgh, 384
Speech, 386
Discovers constitution of partartaric acid, 39
Discussion with Bastian, 253
Dispute with Rammelsberg, 102
Experiments on atmospheric air, 93 _seqq._
Friendship for Charles Chappuis, 18, 20, 22
Grand Cross of Legion of Honour, 326
His masters, 146, 252
His name given to district in Canada and to village in Algeria, 451
His teaching, 77, 79
Illness, 433, 439, 446, 458, 464
Watchers, 459, 462
In hospitals, 289, 291
-- London, 210
-- Paris, 11, 20, 57
-- Strasburg, 45, 177
Influence of his labours, 445
_Influence of Oxygen on Development of Yeast_, 221
Interview with Biot, 41
-- Liebig, 176
-- Mitscherlich and Rose, 61
-- Napoleon III, 104, 128
Jubilee celebration, 447
Speech, 450
Knight of Legion of Honour, 70
Laboratory (new), 157, 162, 164, 194, 232, 445
Laureat of Exhibition, 140
Lecture on germ theory, 271
Lectures on vinegar at Orleans, 148
Letters, 23, 24, 28
On experiment at Pouilly le Fort, 322, 323
To Bellotti, 207
-- Chappuis on Lille Faculty, 77
-- Dumas, 141, 166, 250
-- Duruy, 131
-- Emperor of Brazil, 404
-- Jupille, 427
-- Laurent, 48
-- Napoleon III, 146
-- Raulin, 199
-- Sainte Beuve, 126
M.D. of Bonn, 154
Returns diploma, 189, 190, 197
Marks of gratitude from agriculturists, 372
Marriage, 51
Medal from Society of French Agricultors, 312
Member of Académie de Médecine, 225
Speech, 241, 242, 243
-- Académie des Sciences, 103, 272
-- Académie Française, 341, 345
Memorial plate on house at Dôle, 376
National testimonial, 245
Obtains racemic acid, 69
Offered professorship at Pisa, 200
On chicken cholera, 299, 308
-- Littré and Positivism, 342
-- Science and religion, 244
-- Scientific supremacy of France, 195
-- Vaccine, 309, 311
of anthrax, 311, 312
-- Experiment, 314, 317, 318, 320, 323, 367
Results, 325
Paper on Plague, 301
Paralytic stroke, 160, 439
Pastel drawings, 12, 20
Pension augmented, 374
Permanent Secretary of Académie des Sciences, 439
Portraits, 439
Professor of Chemistry, Strasburg, 45
Professor of Physics at Dijon, 42
Proposed studies, 198
Refuses German decoration, 461
Reply to Dumas, 355
“_Researches on Dimorphism_,” 36
Researches on spontaneous generation, 87 _seqq._, 216, 222, 277
Lecture at Sorbonne on, 106
Speech on, 242
Researches on stereo-chemistry, 445
_Science’s Budget_, 153
_Scientific Annals of Ecole Normale_, 110
Searches for his son, 192
Solicitude for patients, 416, 425, 427
Speech at Aubenas, 351
Speech at inauguration of Institute, 442
Speech on Deville, 327
Speech on Joseph Bertrand, 419, 426
Studies beer, 207 _seqq._, 219, 229, 232, 282, 285
Book on, 214, 219, 339
-- Cholera, 126
-- Contagious diseases, 224 _seqq._
-- Fermentations, 79, 83, 85, 99, 113, 224, 240
-- Hydrophobia, 318, 363, 383, 390 _seqq._
Inoculates dogs, 395, 410
Inoculates Joseph Meister, 416
Inoculates Jupille, 422
-- _Silkworm Disease_, 117, 120, 129, 139, 155, 168
-- on Wine, 113, 158, 283
Book on, 133
-- Rouget of pigs, 360
Report on, 362
-- Splenic fever, 257, 259, 275, 284
Travels in search of racemic acid, 62 _seqq._
Trephines dog, 318
Turin veterinary school and, 367, 371
Vintage tour, 104
Visitors, 420
Visits Duclaux, 206

Pasteur, Madame Louis, 49, 52, 59, 108, 160, 172, 432, 459
Goes to Alais, 130
Letters to daughter, 318, 322, 325, 396

Paul, St. Vincent de, Life of, 463

Payen, paper on beer, 208

Pecquet, discoveries through vivisection, 336

_Peers of France_, 30 _note_

Pelletier, Louise, bitten by mad dog, 425

Pellico, Silvio, _Miei prigioni_, 16

Pelouze, M., 335

_Penicillium glaucum_, 204, 230

Perdrix, at Pasteur Jubilee, 448

Perraud, J. J., bust at Monay to, 421

Perreyve, Henri, on Poland, 184

Perroncito, on microbe of chicken cholera, 297

Perrot, deputy to Edinburgh, 384

Persoz, Professor of Chemistry, Strasburg, 45

Peter, M.:
Dispute with Pasteur, 364, 366, 369, 370
On antirabic cure, 434

Philomathic Society, Pasteur member of, 102

Phthisis, theory of, 227

Phylloxera, 295

Physicians, attitude towards chemists, 224, 233

Picard, General, candidature for Senate, 249

Pidoux and Trousseau, _Traité de Thérapeutique_, 224

Pidoux, Dr.:
On disease, 227
On tuberculosis, 227

Pierrefonds Castle restored, 127

Pierron, on Laurent at Riom, 47

Piorry, Dr.:
On disease and patient, 264
On tuberculosis, 228

Pisa, Pasteur offered professorship at, 200

Pitt, on vote to Jenner, 374, 375

Plague bacillus discovered, 457

Plague, Pasteur’s paper on, 301

_Plaideurs_ acted at Compiègne, 128

Plénisette village, 1

Pliny the Elder, remedy for hydrophobia, 407

Poggiale, speech on spontaneous generation, 242

Pointurier, M., 12

Polarisation of light, 27

Polignac, Cardinal of, _Anti-Lucretius_, 90

Poligny, 192
_Sous-préfet_ of, 9

Polytechnician, 43 _note_

Pontarlier, retreat to, 192

Positivist doctrine, 342

Potatoes, prejudice against, 171

Pottevin, attends on Pasteur, 459

Pouchet, M., 98, 104, 138, 216, 255
_Note on Vegetable and Animal Proto-organisms_, 92
_The Universe_, 214
Theory of fermentation, 241

Pouillet, Professor of Physics at Sorbonne, 27, 29, 43

Pouilly le Fort, experiment on vaccination of anthrax, 315, 316, 317, 319, 323
Results, 324

Prague, Pasteur at, 66

Prévôt, at Villeneuve l’Etang, 462

Primary teaching, law on reorganization, 140

Prince Imperial, Villa Vicentina, 173

_Prix de Rome_, 191 _note_

_Prix Montyon_, 16 _note_

Provost, acts in _Plaideurs_, 128

Provostaye, de la, work on crystallography, 33, 38

Prussia, Crown Prince of, 141

Puerperal fever, 290 _seqq._

Puiseux, Professor of Science at Besançon, 45

Putrefaction, 104

Q

Quain, Dr., on Commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 430

Quatrefages, essay on history of silkworm, 116

Queyrat, attends on Pasteur, 459

R

Rabies and hydrophobia, 409

Rabies, Commission. (_See under_ Hydrophobia)

Rabourdin, M., 284

Racemic. (_See_ Paratartaric acid)

Raibaud-Lange, M., 169

Rammelsberg, dispute with Pasteur, 102

Randon, General, 166

Raspail, F. V., researches on origin of itch, 374

Rassmann, Dr., obtains racemic acid, 67

Raulin, Jules, 93, 130, 161, 166, 173, 209
Accompanies Pasteur to Milan, 250
Sketch of, 204

Raulin’s liquid, 205

Ravaisson, F., 137

Rayer, on charbon blood, 258

Raynaud, Dr. Maurice, 289
On hydrophobia, 391

Reaudin, Auguste, on Lister’s methods, 239

Reclus, Dr., on purulent infection, 237

Reculfoz village, 1

Redi, Francesco, experiment on spontaneous generation, 89

Redtenbacher, M., 66

“Régiment Dauphin,” 4

Regnault, Henri, 50, 59 Death, 191

Regnier acts in _Plaideurs_, 128

Renan, E., 137
On state of France, 199
Quoted from _Revue Germanique_, 110
Sketch of, 348
Speech to Pasteur on hydrophobia, 390
Welcomes Pasteur to Académie Française, 346

Renaud, M., 7

Renault, experiments with rabic blood, 392

Rencluse, 105

Renon, attends on Pasteur, 459

Répécaud, Headmaster of Royal College, Besançon, 14

Rhenish provinces, 189

Richet, Dr., 455

Rigault, lectures at Collège de France, 82

Robin, Charles, sketch of, 124

Rochard, Dr., on plague, 303

Rochette, Baron de la, sketch of, 314

Rochleder, professor of chemistry, Prague, 67

Roger, on Pasteur’s services, 245

Rollin College, experiments in laboratory at, 411, 415, 432

Romanet, Headmaster of Arbois College, 9, 13, 30, 36

Romieu, sketch of, 53

“Rouget” of pigs (swine fever), 360, 362

Roqui, Jean Claude, 6

Roqui, Jeanne Etiennette, wife of Jean Joseph Pasteur, 6, 7
Death, 40

Roscoe, Sir Henry, on Commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 430

Rose, G., crystallographer, in Paris, 61

Rossignol, M.:
Article in _Veterinary Press_ on microbe, 313
Vaccination of sheep against anthrax and, 315, 321, 323

Rotz, Pasteur medal, 447

Rouher, at Tuileries, 154

Roux, Dr.:
Account of Thuillier’s death, 381
At Pasteur Jubilee, 448
Attends Pasteur, 459
Collaborates with Pasteur, 289, 291, 303, 305,
308, 317, 318, 321, 338, 359, 372, 393, 420, 424
Cross of Legion of Honour, 326
Goes to Alexandria, 379
Inoculates horse with diphtheritic toxin, 455
Lectures on diphtheria, 456
Lectures on technical microbia, 440
Lecture to London Royal Society, 454
On Pasteur’s medical work, 283
Performs inoculations, 432
Sketch of, 233
Studies diphtheria, 453

Roziers, Pilâtre de, balloon ascent, 405

Russian mujiks bitten by wolf, 429

S

Saccharimeter, 28

Sadowa, battle of, 178

Sainte Beuve:
Letters to Pasteur, 125
On Biot’s character, 56
Opinion of Joseph Droz, 14
Pasteur attends his lectures, 123
Philosophy, 123
Speech at Senate, 143

St. Dizier, 4

St. Hippolyte la Fort, 165, 174

St. Victor, Paul de, on Germany, 188

Salimbeni, treatise on sericiculture, 159

Salins, 97
Claude Etienne Pasteur settles at, 2

Sand, George, 107

Sandeau, Jules, 127

Sanderson, Professor Burdon, on Commission on inoculation for hydrophobia, 431

Sarcey, Francisque, 37

Saussure, Théodore de, 100

Sauton, speech at Pasteur Jubilee, 449

Say, Léon, Pasteur’s reply to, 417

Scheele discovers tartaric acid, 26

Schrotter, Professor, 66

Schwann, Dr., observations on fermentations, 80

Science and Religion, 244

Scientists meet at Tuileries, 154

Sedan, 181

Sédillot, Dr.:
Correspondence of Institute, 186
Sketch of, 266

Senarmont, M. de, 50, 58, 59, 101
Advice to Pasteur, 69
Confidence in Pasteur, 89

Septicæmia, 229, 234, 263, 308, 368

Sériana village, Algeria, 451

Sericiculture, 115

Serotherapy. (_See_ Diphtheria)

Serres, Olivier de, 172
Statue to, 350, 352
_Théâtre d’Agriculture_, 172
_Treatise on Gathering of Silk_, 116, 120

Seybel, M., 66

Signol, experiments, 262

Silkworm disease, 116 _seqq_., 139, 155, 156, 168
Lyons Commission on, 170

Simon, Jules, 144, 418
At inauguration of Pasteur Institute, 441
On Ecole Normale, 23

Sorbonne, 21 _note_, 146
Inauguration of new, 446
Pasteur Jubilee celebration, 447

Spallanzani, Abbé, experiments on animalculæ, 91

Splenic fever (charbon). (_See Anthrax_)

Spontaneous generation, 87 _seqq._, 216, 222, 227, 232, 277
Commission on, 106, 111
Pasteur’s lecture at Sorbonne on, 106

Stoffel, Colonel Baron, 155

Strasburg, Pasteur at, 45, 71

Strasburg arsenal, 179, 185

Strasburg University, 189

Straus, M.:
Goes to Alexandria, 379
On Cholera Commission, 382

Sully, opposes silk industry, 116

Sully-Prudhomme, love of France, 191

Supt village, 2

Surgery before Pasteur, 234 _seqq._

Susani, S., 250

Swine fever. (_See_ Rouget of pigs)

T

Talmy, Dr., at Bordeaux, 339

Tamisier, candidature for Senate, 249

Tantonville brewery, 213

Tarnier, Dr., 289
On puerperal fever, 289

Tartaric acid, constitution of, 26, 38

Teaching:
Law on liberty of, 52
Law on primary, 140

Terrillon, Dr., 432

Thenard, Baron, 59, 356
Sketch of, 45

Thierry, M., at Pouilly le Fort experiment, 316, 319

Thiers, M.:
Letter to Pasteur, 144
On bravery of 3rd Regiment, 3

Third Regiment of Line, 3
“Régiment Dauphin,” 4

Thorwaldsen Museum, Copenhagen, 402

Thuillier, Louis, 317
Collaborates with Pasteur, 357, 359, 360, 362
Death, 380
Goes to Alexandria, 379
Studies hydrophobia, 391

Thurel, candidature for Senate, 249

Tisserand, M., 354
Director of Crown Agricultural establishments, 173
On Commission on hydrophobia, 395

Toscanelli, S., 200, 201

Toul, on second line of fortifications, 179

Tourtel brewery at Tantonville, 213

Toussaint, professor at Toulouse
Veterinary School, 264, 284
Studies microbe of chicken cholera, 297
Vaccinates sheep against anthrax, 306, 307

Traube, Dr., on ammoniacal fermentation, 232

Trécul, Dr., 230
On heterogenesis, 216, 218
Theory of fermentation, 241

Trélat, Dr., surgeon at Maternité, 290
On Commission of Hygiene, 186

Trocadéro fête for Pasteur Institute, 431

Troost, M., 327

Trousseau and Pidoux, _Traité de Thérapeutique_, 224

Trousseau, Dr.:
Lecture on ferments quoted, 229
On diphtheria, 453
On puerperal fever, 290

Tsar, sends Cross of St. Anne of Russia to Pasteur, 430

Tuberculosis, researches on, 227

Tuileries, scientists meet at, 154

Tunis, Pasteur Institute at, 461

Turin Veterinary School and Pasteur, 368, 371

Tyndall, Professor:
_Dust and Diseases_, 239
Letter to Pasteur, 353

Typhoid fever, medical methods of treating, 364

U

Udressier, Claude François, Count of, 1

Udressier, Philippe-Marie-François, Count of, 2

Université, 44 _note_, 155

University of Edinburgh, Tercentenary, 384
Degrees, 385

V

Vaccination, 300, 309, 311
Against anthrax, 312
Experiment, 314, 317, 318, 320, 328, 367
Results, 325
Against swine fever, 382

Vaillant, Field-Marshal, 142, 168
At Tuileries, 154
Silkworm nursery, 173

Vallisneri, medical professor of Padua, 90

Van Holmont, recipe for producing mice, 89

Van t’Hoff, studies on stereo-chemistry, 445

Van Tieghem, 217, 232

Vauquelin, tanning process, 29

Veillon, attends on Pasteur, 459

Velpeau:
On diphtheria, 453
On pin prick, 234

Venasque Pass, 105

Vercel, Jules, 7, 36, 97, 192, 266
Accompanies Pasteur to Paris, 10

Verneuil, M.:
On antirabic cure, 434
On surgery (1870), 236

Vescovato, 169

Veuillot, Louis, 36
On liberty of teaching, 53

Viala, Eugène:
Attends on Pasteur, 459
Preparations for inoculations, 424
Sketch of, 402

Vialla, M., Vice-President of Agricultural Society, Montpellier, 353

Vicat, national testimonial to, 245

Villa Vicentina, Illyria, 173

Villemin, Dr.:
Advises Pasteur to winter in south, 433, 434
At experiment on earthworms, 304
On Commission on hydrophobia, 395
On contagion of tuberculosis, 367
Researches on tuberculosis, 226, 227

Villeneuve l’Etang, branch establishment of laboratory at, 398, 406, 410
Stables, 463

Villers-Farlay, Mayor of, writes to Pasteur, 421

Vinegar, Pasteur lectures on manufacture of, 148

Virchow, Professor:
At Copenhagen Medical Congress, 399
At Edinburgh, 386
On anti-vivisection, 332

_Virulent Diseases--Chicken Cholera_, 298

Virus ferments, 223 _seqq._

Vivisection:
Discoveries made through, 337
Virchow on, 332

Volta, S., 195

Voltaire:
_Philosophic Dictionary_ quoted on God, 92
_Singularities of Nature_, 92

Vone, Théodore, consults Pasteur, 414

Vulpian, 278
Champions Pasteur, 435, 436
Death, 438
On Brand’s treatment of typhoid, 365
On Commission on hydrophobia, 395
Pasteur consults, 415
Speech on Pasteur’s experiments on hydrophobia, 422, 438

W

Wales, Prince of, 141

Wallace, Sir Richard, founds dogs’ cemetery at Bagatelle, 411

Wasserzug, Etienne, interprets for Pasteur, 424

Weber, Dr., advises Mme. Meister to consult Pasteur, 414

William, King of Prussia, meets Napoleon, 182

Wine, studies on, 113, 158

Wissemburg, 178

Wolf-bites, statistics of death from, 430

Wurtz:
Laboratory, 42
On Commission of Hygiene, 186

Y

Yeast, 80
Pasteur’s paper on, 221, 230.
(_See also_ Fermentation)

Yellow fever, Pasteur studies, 338

Yersin, Dr.:
Studies diphtheria, 453
Studies plague in China, 458, 461

Younger, welcomes Pasteur to Edinburgh, 38

Z

Zevort, M., 47, 130

Zimmern, _sous-préfecture_, 189

FOOTNOTES:

[1] A great nation, said Disraeli, is a nation which produces great men.

[2] _Ordonnances du 26 Juillet_, 1830. A royal Decree issued by Charles X under the advice of his minister, Prince de Polignac; it was based on a misreading of one of the articles of the Charter of 1814, and dissolved the new Chamber of Deputies before it had even assembled; it suppressed the freedom of the Press and created a new electoral system to the advantage of the royalist party. These _ordonnances_ were the cause of the 1830 Revolution, which placed Louis Philippe of Orleans on the Throne. [Trans.]

[3] _Ecole Normale Supérieure_, under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, founded in 1808 by Napoleon I, with the object of training young professors. Candidates must (1) be older than eighteen and younger than twenty-one; (2) pass one written and one vivâ voce examination; (3) be already in possession of their diploma as _bachelier_ of science or of letters, according to the branch of studies which they wish to take up; and (4) sign an engagement for ten years’ work in public instruction. The professors of the Ecole Normale take the title of _Maître des Conférences_. [Trans.]

[4] Baccalauréat (low Latin _bachalariatus_), first degree taken in a French Faculty; the next is _licence_, and the next _doctorate_. It is much more elementary than a bachelor’s degree in an English university. There are two baccalauréats: (1) the baccalauréat _ès lettres_ required of candidates for the Faculties of Medicine and of Law, to the Ecole Normale Supérieure and to several public offices; (2) the baccalauréat _ès sciences_, required for admission to the Schools of Medicine and of Pharmacy, to the Ecole Normale Supérieure (scientific section), and the Polytechnic, Military and Foresters’ Schools. [Trans.]

[5] Philosophie class. In French secondary schools or _lycées_ the forms or classes, in Pasteur’s time, were arranged as follows, starting from the bottom--

1º huitième. 2º septième. 6º sixième (French grammar was begun). 5º cinquième (Latin was begun). 6º quatrième (Greek was begun). 7º troisième. 8º seconde. ------------------------------------------------- | 9º Mathématiques élémentaires. Rhétorique. 10º Mathématiques spéciales. Philosophie.

The seconde students who intended to pass their _baccalauréat ès sciences_ went into the mathématiques élémentaires class, whilst those who were destined for letters or the law entered the rhétorique class, from which they went on to the philosophie class. [Trans.]

[6] Prix Montyon: a series of prizes founded at the beginning of the nineteenth century by Baron de Montyon, a distinguished philanthropist, and conferred on literary works for their moral worth, and on individuals for acts of private virtue or self-sacrifice. The laureates are chosen every year by the Académie Française, and in this way many obscure heroes are deservedly rewarded, and many excellent books brought to public notice. [Trans.]

[7] Sorbonne. Name given to the Paris Faculty of Theology and the buildings in which it was established. It was originally intended by its founder, Robert de Sorbon (who was chaplain to St. Louis, King of France, 1270) as a special establishment to facilitate theological studies for poor students. This college became one of the most celebrated in the world, and produced so many clever theologians that it gave its name to all the members of the Faculty of Theology. It was closed during the Revolution in 1789, and its buildings, which had been restored by Richelieu in the seventeenth century, were given to the Université in 1808. Since 1821 they have been the seat of the Universitarian Academy of Paris, and used for the lectures of the Faculties of Theology, of Letters, and of Sciences. [Trans.]

[8] Accessit. A distinction accorded in French schools to those who have come nearest to obtaining the prize in any given subject. [Trans.]

[9] Concours Général. An open competition held every year at the Sorbonne between the _élite_ of the students of all the colleges in France, from the highest classes down to the _quatrième_. [Trans.]

[10] _Institut de France._ Name given collectively to the five following societies--

1. _Académie Française_, founded by Richelieu in 1635 in order to polish and maintain the purity of the French language. It is composed of forty Life members, and publishes from time to time a dictionary which is looked upon as a standard test of correct French.

2. _Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres_, founded by Colbert in 1663.

3. _Académie des Sciences_, also founded by Colbert in 1666. It has published most valuable reports ever since 1699.

4. _Académie des Beaux-Arts_, which includes the Academies of Painting, of Sculpture, of Music, and of Architecture.

5. _Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques._

It was in 1795 that these ancient academies, which had been suppressed two years before by the Revolution, were reorganized and combined together to form the _Institut de France_. [Trans.]

[11] _Peers of France._ A supreme Council formed originally of the First Vassals of the Crown; became in 1420 one of the Courts of Parliament. In 1789 the Peerage was suppressed, but reinstated in 1814 by the Restoration, when it again formed part of the Legislative Corps; there were then hereditary peers and life-peers. In 1831 the hereditary peerage was abolished and life-peers were nominated by the King under certain restrictions. This House of Peers was suppressed in 1848, and in 1852 the Senate was instituted in its stead. [Trans.]

[12] _Facultés_, Government establishments for superior studies; there are in France Faculties of Theology, of Law, of Medicine, of Sciences and of Letters, distributed among the larger provincial towns as well as in Paris. The administrator of a faculty is styled _doyen_ (dean) and is chosen among the professors. [Trans.]

[13] _Agrégation._ An annual competition for recruiting professors for faculties and secondary schools or _lycées_. A candidate for the _lycées agrégation_ must have passed his _licence_ examination, and a candidate for the superior _agrégation_ must be in possession of his doctorate. [Trans.]

[14] This celebrated poet took a large share in the Revolution of 1848, when his popularity became enormous. His political talents, however, apart from his wonderful eloquence, were less than mediocre, and he retired into private life within three years.

His “Meditations,” “Jocelyn,” “Recueillements,” etc., etc., are beautiful examples of lyrical poetry, and may be considered as forming part of the literature of the world. [Trans.]

[15] Garde Nationale. A city militia, intended to preserve order and to maintain municipal liberties; it was improvised in 1789, and its first Colonel was General Lafayette, of American Independence fame. Its cockade united the King’s white to the Paris colours, blue and red, and thus was inaugurated the celebrated Tricolour.

The National Guard was preserved by the Restoration, but Charles X disbanded it as being dangerously Liberal in its tendencies. It re-formed itself of its own accord in 1830, and helped to overthrow the elder branch of Bourbon. It proved a source of disorder in 1848 and was reorganized under the second Empire, but, having played an active and disastrous part in the Commune (1871), it was disarmed and finally suppressed. [Trans.]

[16] February days. The Republicans had organized a banquet in Paris for February 22, 1848. The Government prohibited it, with the result that an insurrection took place. Barricades were erected and some fighting ensued; on the 24th, the insurgents were masters of the situation. Louis Philippe abdicated (vainly) in favour of his grandson, the Comte de Paris, and fled to England. [Trans.]

[17] Collège de France. An establishment of superior studies founded in Paris by Francis I in 1530, and where public lectures are given on languages, literature, history, mathematics, physical science, etc. It was formerly independent, but is now under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Instruction. [Trans.]

[18] Polytechnician. A student of the Ecole Polytechnique, a military and engineering school under the jurisdiction of the Minister of War, founded in 1794. Candidates for admission must be older than sixteen and younger than twenty, but the limit of age is raised to twenty-five in the case of private soldiers and non-commissioned officers. They must also have passed their _baccalauréat ès lettres_ or _ès sciences_--preferably the latter. After two years’ residence (compulsory) students pass a leaving examination, and are entered according to their list number as engineers of the Navy, Mines, or Civil Works, or as officers in the military Engineers or in the Artillery; the two last then have to go through one of the military training schools (Ecoles d’Application). [Trans.]

[19] _Université._ The celebrated body known as Université de Paris, and instituted by Philippe Auguste in 1200, possessed great privileges from its earliest times. It had the monopoly of teaching and a jurisdiction of its own. It took a share in public affairs on several occasions, and had long struggles to maintain against several religious orders. The Université was suppressed by the Convention, but re-organized by Napoleon I in 1808. It is now subdivided into sixteen _Académies Universitaires_, each of which is administered by a Rector. The title of Grand Master of the Université always accompanies that of Minister of Public Instruction. [Trans.]

[20] _Départements._ The present divisions of French territory, numbering eighty-seven in all. Each department is administered by a _préfet_, and subdivided into _arrondissements_, each of which has a _sous-préfet_. [Trans.]

[21] _Prince de Joinville._ Third son of Louis Philippe, and an Admiral in the French navy. It was he who was sent to fetch Napoleon’s remains from St. Helena. [Trans.]

[22] Of the Legion of Honour.

[23] Hectare: French measure of surface, about 2⅓ acres. [Trans.]

[24] _Conseil-Général de département._ A representative assembly for the general management of each département, somewhat similar to the County Councils in England. [Trans.]

[25] Le Verrier, a celebrated astronomer, at that time Director of the Paris Observatory. His calculations led him to surmise the existence of the planet Neptune, which was discovered accordingly. Adam, an English astronomer, attained the same result, by the same means, at the same time, each of the two scientists being in absolute ignorance of the work of the other. Le Verrier was the first to publish his discovery. [Trans.]

[26] Ancient name of the high flat ground surrounding Chartres and including parts of the Departments of Eure et Loir, Loir et Cher, Loiret and Seine et Oise. These plains are very fertile, the soil being extremely rich, and produce cereals chiefly. [Trans.]

[27] _Val-de-Grâce._ A handsome monument of the seventeenth century, now a military hospital. [Trans.]

[28] By Dr. Smiles. [Trans.]

[29] Ps. cxxxvii. 9.

[30] _Prix de Rome._ A competition takes place every year amongst the students of the _Ecole des Beaux Arts_ for this prize; the successful competitor is sent to Rome for a year at the expense of the Ecole. [Trans.]

[31] _Assistance Publique_, official organisation of the charitable works supported by the State. [Trans.]

[32] _La Vie d’un Savant_, by the author of the present work. [Trans.]

End of Project Gutenberg's The life of Pasteur, by René Vallery-Radot