Chapter VI: Judicial Career (3)

Meanwhile, if he wrote little, he was still reading a great variety of books, and was deeply interested in them. His letters are full of references to various authors, old and new. His criticisms have the primary merits of frankness and independence. He says exactly what he feels, not what the critics tell him that he ought to feel. No criticism can be really valuable which does not fulfil those conditions. I must admit, however, that a collection of his remarks would include a good many observations rather startling to believers in the conventional judgments. Purely literary qualities impress him very little unless they are associated with some serious purpose. He shows the same sort of independence which enabled him to accept a solitary position in religious and political matters. In private letters, moreover, he does not think it necessary to insist upon the fact, which he would have fully admitted, that the great object of criticism is always the critic himself. A man who says that he can't see, generally proves that he is blind, not that there is no light. If only for this reason, I would not quote phrases which would sound unduly crude or even arrogant when taken as absolute judgments, instead of being, as they often are, confessions of indifference in the form of condemnations. When a great writer really appeals to him, he shows no want of enthusiasm. During the enforced rest in 1885 he studied Spanish with great zeal; he calls it a 'glorious language,' and had the proverbial reward of being enabled to read 'Don Quixote' in the original. 'Don Quixote,' he says, had always attracted him, even in the translations, to a degree for which he cannot quite account. His explanation, however, is apparently adequate, and certainly characteristic. He sees in Cervantes a man of noble and really chivalrous nature, who looks kindly upon the extravagance which caricatures his own qualities, but also sees clearly that the highest morality is that which is in conformity with plain reason and common sense. Beneath the ridicule of the romances there is the strongest sympathy with all that is really noble.

After Spanish and Cervantes, Fitzjames turned to Italian and Dante. Dante, too, roused his enthusiasm, and he observes, quaintly enough, that he means to be as familiar with the 'Divina Commedia' as he once was with Bentham--two authors rarely brought into contact. Dante conquered him the more effectually by entering over the ruins of Milton. Some years before he had pronounced the 'Paradise Lost' to be 'poor, contradictory, broken-down stuff, so far as the story goes.' He inferred that 'poetry was too slight an affair to grapple with such an awful subject.' He had, however, already read Dante in Cary's translation, and thereby recognised something far greater. When he came to the original he was profoundly impressed. It is strange, he says, that he has learnt for the first time at the age of sixty what a really great poem could be. Poor Milton's adaptation of pagan mythology to the Hebrew legends, in order to expound Puritan theology, results in a series of solecisms, which even the poet could not expect his readers to take seriously. The story, taken for history, certainly breaks down sufficiently to justify a severe remark. But Dante's poem, embodying a consistent imagery into which was worked the whole contemporary philosophy and theology, is of absorbing interest even to those who are comparatively indifferent to its more purely literary merits. Fitzjames does not make any detailed criticisms, but fittingly expresses his astonishment and admiration upon Dante's revelation of a new world of imagination. I think that it is possible to show fitting reverence for Dante without deposing Milton from his much lower, though still very lofty place. But to one brought up in the old English traditions it was difficult to avoid the rather superfluous contrast.

With the help of such studies and frequent visits to old friends, and minor literary tasks, Fitzjames could find ample means of filling up any spaces left by his judicial duties. In spite of the disgust with which he regarded the political world, he was happy in his own little world; and his time passed in a peaceful round of satisfactory work. A few troublesome cases, those especially of which I have spoken, gave him occasional worry; but he could adhere to his principle of never fretting unnecessarily. But now was to begin the painful experience which comes to the survivors when the ranks begin to thin. He felt such losses deeply, if with little display of feeling. I find a remark in one of his letters which is, I think, characteristic. He says that his first feeling upon a severe blow had been something like shame at not suffering more. But in a few weeks the sense of loss had become deeper and stronger; and he had to remind himself of the necessity of conquering his depression. I have no need, I hope, to dwell upon the strength of his affections. I can never forget one occasion when his sympathies were deeply stirred; and when his sense of a certain awkwardness in expressing himself, a relic of his old prejudice against 'sentimentalism,' served only to bring out most pathetically the power of the emotions with which he was struggling.

Two severe losses marked the year 1888. Maine died on February 3. The old friendship had lost none of its warmth; and Fitzjames had frequently enjoyed visits to the lodge at Trinity Hall, where Maine, as master, presided over the Christmas gatherings. Fitzjames commemorated his friend by an article in the 'Saturday Review.[196] In a warm eulogy, he praises the 'clearness and sobriety of Maine's generalisations as well as their intrinsic probability,' and declares that the books were written 'as if by inspiration.' Maine, he says, was equally brilliant as a journalist, as a statesman, and as a thinker. Fitzjames speaks, though a little restrained by his usual reserve, of the 'brotherly intimacy of forty years, never interrupted by a passing cloud'; and ends by saying that there are 'persons to whom the world can never have the same aspect again as when Maine lived in it.' It had been a great pleasure, I may add, that he had been able to appoint one of his friend's sons, who died soon after the father, to a clerkship of assize on the South Wales circuit.

In the autumn Maine was followed by Venables. Fitzjames paid an annual visit to the house where Venables lived with his brother at Llysdinam, on the border of Radnorshire. He often mentions in his letters the filial affection with which he regarded Venables. In the previous year (1887) he had an opportunity of expressing this more directly than usual. One of Venables' friends, Mr. Pember, had suggested that they might show their affection by presenting a stained glass window to a church which Venables had built. Fitzjames took up the plan warmly, and with the help of a few other friends carried out the scheme. When it was made known to Venables, who of course was much gratified, Fitzjames wrote to him a letter (August 1, 1887) of which I quote the important part. 'I found your letter on my return from the country this morning. You are quite right in thinking that I did say a great deal less than I meant. I feel shy in putting into quite plain words what I feel about you; but I do not like such things to prevent me from saying just once that I like you, honour you, and respect and admire you more than almost any man I ever knew. For nearer forty than thirty years you have been to me a sort of spiritual and intellectual uncle or elder brother, and my feelings about you have constantly grown and strengthened as my own experience of men and books has ripened and deepened and brought me into closer and closer sympathy with you and more complete conscious agreement with all your opinions and sentiments. I can recall none of your words and writings which I have not cordially approved of, and I shall always feel deeply grateful to Mrs. Lyster Venables (Venables' sister-in-law), for whom also I feel the warmest friendship, and to Pember for suggesting to me a way of showing my feelings about you, which would never have occurred to a person so abundantly gifted with clumsy shyness as myself. However, I do not believe you will like me the worse for having the greatest possible difficulty in writing to any man such a letter as this.'

The three lights of the window, representing Moses, Aaron, and Joshua, were intended as portraits of Venables and his two brothers. Beneath was the inscription suggested by Mr. Pember, 'Conditori hujus ecclesiæ amicissimi quidam.' Fitzjames adds that he had felt 'a passing wish' to add his favourite words, 'Be strong and of a good courage,' which, at his suggestion, Dean Stanley had taken as the text for a funeral sermon upon Lord Lawrence. I will only add that Fitzjames had said in private letters substantially what he said to Venables himself. On October 8, 1888, he heard of his old friend's death, and again wrote an article of warm appreciation in the 'Saturday Review.'

V. JAMES KENNETH STEPHEN

I have now to give a brief notice of events which had a saddening influence upon the later years. Fitzjames, as I have remarked, had seen comparatively little of his elder children in their infancy. As they grew up, however, they had been fully admitted to his intimacy and treated on the footing of trusted and reasonable friends. The two younger daughters had been playthings in their infancy, and grew up in an atmosphere of warm domestic affection. Just before Venables' death Fitzjames made a little tour in the West of Ireland with his daughter Rosamond, who has preserved a little account of it. I shall only say that it proves that she had a delightful travelling companion; and that his straightforward ways enabled him to be on the friendliest terms with the natives whom he encountered. Among the frequent declarations of the happiness of his life, he constantly observes that one main condition was that his children had never given him a moment's uneasiness. Two, indeed, had died in infancy; and Frances, a very promising girl, had died of rheumatic fever July 27, 1880. Such troubles, however deeply felt, cannot permanently lessen the happiness of a healthy and energetic life. His three sons grew into manhood; they all became barristers, and had all acted at different times as his marshals. I shall say nothing of the survivors; but I must speak briefly of the one who died before his father.

James Kenneth Stephen was born on February 25, 1859.[197] His second name commemorates his father's friendship for his godfather, Kenneth Macaulay. He was a healthy lad, big and strong, and soon showed much intellectual promise. He was at the school of Mr. William Browning at Thorpe Mandeville; and in 1871 won a foundation scholarship at Eton, where he became the pupil of Mr. Oscar Browning, the brother of his former master. He already gave promise of unusual physical strength, and of the good looks which in later years resulted from the singular combination of power and sweetness in his features. The head of his division was H. C. Goodhart, afterwards Professor of Latin at the University of Edinburgh.[198] Other boys in the division were George Curzon and Cecil Spring Rice. James was surpassed in scholarship by several of his friends, but enjoyed a high reputation for talent among his cleverest contemporaries. The school, it appears, was not quite so much absorbed by the worship of athletics as was sometimes imagined. James, however, rowed for two years in the boats, while his weight and strength made him especially formidable at the peculiar Eton game of football 'at the wall.' The collegers, when supported by his prowess, had the rare glory of defeating the Oppidans twice in succession. He was ever afterwards fond of dilating with humorous enthusiasm upon the merits of that game, and delighted in getting up an eleven of old Etonians to play his successors in the school. He was, however, more remarkable for intellectual achievements. With Mr. Spring Rice and another friend he wrote the 'Etonian,' which lasted from May 1875 to August 1876; and several of the little poems which he then wrote were collected afterwards in his 'Lapsus Calami.'[199] They are, of course, chiefly in the humorous vein, but they show sufficiently that Eton was to him very different from what it had been to his father. He was a thoroughly loyal and even enthusiastic Etonian; he satirises a caviller by putting into his mouth the abominable sentiment--

Ye bigot spires, ye Tory towers,
That crown the watery lea,
Where grateful science still adores
The aristocracy.

His genuine feeling is given in the lines on 'My old School':--

And if sometimes I've laughed in my rhymes at Eton,
Whose glory I never could jeopardise,
Yet I'd never a joy that I could not sweeten,
Or a sorrow I could not exorcise,

By the thought of my school and the brood that's bred there,
Her bright boy faces and keen young life;
And the manly stress of the hours that sped there,
And the stirring pulse of her daily strife.

To the last he cherished the memory of the school, and carefully maintained his connection with it. One odd incident occurred in 1875, when James got up a 'constitutional opposition' to the intrusion of the revivalist preachers Moody and Sankey. His father wrote him a judicial letter of advice, approving his action so long as it was kept within due limits. He takes occasion to draw the moral that the whole power of such people depends upon the badness of their hearers' consciences. A man who has nothing to hide, who is 'just, benevolent, temperate and brave,' can 'look at things coolly and rate such people at their value.' Those 'few words' (i.e. the names of the virtues) 'are the summary of all that is worth having in life. Never forget any one of them for one moment, though you need not talk about them any more than you talk about your watch.' James had a marked influence in the college; he was a leading orator in the school debating societies; and his good sayings were as familiarly quoted as those of Sydney Smith or Luttrell in the larger world. Mr. Cornish, who was his tutor for a time, tells me of the charm of James's talk with his elders, and says that, although he was careless on some matters upon which schoolmasters set a high value, he always showed power and originality. He won an English Essay prize in 1875, the History prize in 1876 and 1877, the Declamation prize in 1878, and was one of the 'select' for the Newcastle in 1877.

James went to King's with a scholarship in 1878. He gave up classics and took to history. He took a first class (bracketed first in the class) in the historical tripos, but was only in the second class in the law tripos. Besides prizes for college essays, he won the 'Member's Prize' for an essay upon Bolingbroke in 1880, and the Whewell Scholarship for International Law in 1881. He succeeded in every competition for which he really exerted himself; although, like his father, he was rather indifferent to the regular course of academical instruction. Among his contemporaries, however, he enjoyed the kind of fame which is perhaps of still better augury for future success. King's College in his day, says Mr. Browning, was only emerging slowly from the effects of its close dependence upon Eton. It had been in former days chiefly a little clique of older schoolboys. James helped much to change this, and distinctly raised the intellectual tone of the place. He was a well-known speaker at the Union, of which he was president in 1882. He was an 'Apostle' too; and in May 1881 his father visited him in Cambridge, and attended a meeting of the Society where James read a paper. Although, therefore, he scarcely won such a share of academical honours as might have been expected, James was regarded by his friends as the man of his time who was most definitely marked out for distinction in later years. His friends, indeed, were innumerable; and from all with whom I have communicated there is a unanimous testimony not only to his intellectual promise, but to his influence in promoting a high tone of thought and feeling. His father's letters frequently refer to him. James, he says, is a 'splendid young fellow'; he will surpass his father in due time, and be the fourth distinguished man of his name. James, he says once, using the epithet which in his mouth conveyed the highest praise, is a 'sturdier' fellow in many ways than I was, and writes better than I could at his age. One achievement of the son rather extorted than attracted his father's praise. He appeared in a Greek play as Ajax, a part for which his massive frame and generally noble appearance fitted him admirably. The father admitted that he had a certain dislike to a man's exhibiting himself personally, but was reconciled by observing that James acted more like a gentleman amusing himself than like a professional performer.

How far these anticipations of success would ever have been fulfilled must remain uncertain. James may not have had his father's extraordinary vigour, but he undoubtedly had one quality in which his father was defective. He had a surprising facility in making friendly alliances with all sorts and conditions of men. His opinions partly resembled his father's. In politics he was of the Conservative tendency, and he was certainly not of the orthodox persuasion in theology. But he was equally at ease with Tories and Home Rulers, Roman Catholics and Agnostics; and his cheery, cordial manners put him at once on the best understanding with everybody. There was something contagious in the enthusiasm of a young man who seemed so heartily to appreciate the simple joy of living. Perhaps his weakness was to be a little too versatile in his sympathies and interests.

After taking his degree, James spent some time in Germany and France. He was elected to a fellowship at King's College in 1885, and as a candidate wrote dissertations upon 'Political Science' and 'International Law.'[200] He was elected, it is said, as much upon the strength of his general ability as for any special performance.

He was called to the bar in 1884, and naturally employed his spare time upon journalism. He wrote a good deal for Mr. Greenwood in the 'St. James's Gazette,' and had extraordinary facility as a writer. Mr. Reginald Smith tells me how James once wrote a leading article in the train between Paddington and Maidenhead. Many of the little poems which he contributed to periodicals were improvised. He was famous for wit and readiness as an after-dinner speaker; and showed an oratorical power in electioneering speeches which gave the highest hopes of parliamentary success. Indeed, from all that I have heard, I think that his powers in this direction made the greatest impression upon his friends, and convinced them that if he could once obtain an opening, he would make a conspicuous mark in public life.

At the end of 1886 he had an accident, the effects of which were far more serious than appeared at the time. He was staying at Felixstowe, and while looking (December 29, 1886) at an engine employed in pumping water he received a terrible blow upon the head. He returned to his work before long, but it was noticed that for some time he seemed to have lost his usual ease in composition. He was supposed, however, to have recovered completely from the effects of the blow. In the early part of 1888 he astonished his friends by producing a small weekly paper called the 'Reflector.' It appeared from January 1 to April 21, 1888. He received help from many friends, but wrote the chief part of it himself. The articles show the versatility of his interests, and include many thoughtful discussions of politics and politicians, besides excursions into literature. Perhaps its most remarkable quality was not favourable to success. It was singularly candid and moderate in tone, and obviously the work of a thoughtful observer. Probably the only chance of success for such a periodical would have been to make a scandal by personality or impropriety. To expect a commercial success from a paper which relied only upon being well written was chimerical, unless the author could have afforded to hold out in a financial sense for a much longer period. The expense gave a sufficient reason for discontinuing it; and it is now, I fear, to be inferred that the venture was one of the first signs of a want of intellectual balance.

Meanwhile, it seemed to indicate that James had literary tastes which would interfere with his devotion to the bar. Some months later (June 1888) his father appointed him to the clerkship of assize on the South Wales circuit, which had become vacant by the death of Maine's son.

He now took comparatively little interest in his profession and spoke of taking more exclusively to literature. Clearer symptoms showed themselves before long of the disease caused by the accident. I have no wish to dwell upon that painful topic. It is necessary, however, to say that it gradually became manifest that he was suffering from a terrible disease. He had painful periods of excitement and depression. Eccentricities of behaviour caused growing anxiety to his family; and especially to his father, whose own health was beginning to suffer from independent causes. I will only say that exquisitely painful as the position necessarily was to all who loved him, there was something strangely pathetic in his whole behaviour. It happened that I saw him very frequently at the time; and I had the best reasons for remarking that, under all the distressing incidents, the old most lovable nature remained absolutely unaffected. No one could be a more charming companion, not only to his contemporaries but to his elders and to children, for whose amusement he had a special gift. He would reason in the frankest and most good-humoured way about himself and his own affairs, and no excitement prevented him for a moment from being courteous and affectionate.

He resolved at last to settle at Cambridge in his own college in October 1890; resigning his clerkship at the same time. At Cambridge he was known to everyone, and speedily made himself beloved both in the University and the town. He spoke at the Union and gave lectures, which were generally admired. And here, too, in 1891 he published two little volumes of verse: 'Lapsus Calami' and 'Quo Musa Tendis?' Four editions of the first were published between April and August.[201] It started with an address to Calverley, most felicitous of minor poets of Cambridge; and the most skilful practisers of the art thought that James had inherited a considerable share of his predecessor's gift. I, however, cannot criticise. No one can doubt that the playful verses and the touches of genuine feeling show a very marked literary talent, if not true poetic power. He seems, I may remark, to have had a special affinity for Browning, whom he parodied in a way which really implied admiration. He took occasion to make a graceful apology in some verses upon Browning's death.[202] But to me the little volume and its successor speak more of the bright and affectionate nature which it indicates, and the delight, veiled by comic humour, in his friendships and in all the school and college associations endeared by his friends' society. The 'Quo Musa Tendis?' composed chiefly of poems contributed to various papers in the interval, appeared in September 1891.

Mr. Oscar Browning quotes some phrases from one of James's letters in November, which dwell with lively anticipation upon the coming term. For a time, in fact, he seemed to be in excellent spirits and enjoying his old pursuits and amusements. But a change in his condition soon occurred. He had to leave Cambridge at the end of November; and he died on February 3, 1892. Many bright hopes were buried with him; but those who loved him best may find some solace in the thought that few men have been so surrounded by the affection of their fellows, or have had, in spite of the last sad troubles, so joyous or so blameless a life.

James's college friends have put up a brass to his memory in King's College Chapel. His family erected a fountain near Anaverna. His father added a drinking-cup as his own special gift, and took the first draught from it October 25, 1892, when about to take his final leave of the place.

VI. CONCLUSION

What remains to be told of Fitzjames's life shall be given as briefly as may be. The death of James had been preceded by the death of Lord Lytton, November 24, 1891, which was felt deeply by the survivor. His own health gave fresh cause for anxiety during the latter part of 1889, though happily he had little suffering at any time beyond some incidental inconvenience. On March 17, 1890, he had an attack of illness during the assizes at Exeter resembling that which he had previously had at Derby. He was again ordered to rest for three months. Sir A. Clark allowed him to go on circuit in the summer. Lord Coleridge was his colleague, and Fitzjames enjoyed his society. He afterwards went to Anaverna, and, though unable to walk far, took much pleasure in long drives. Meanwhile it began to be noticed that his mind was less powerful than it had hitherto been. It was an effort to him to collect his thoughts and conduct a case clearly. A competent observer stated as his general view that Fitzjames was at intervals no longer what he had been--a remarkably strong judge--but that he could still discharge his duties in a way which would have caused no unfavourable comments had he been new to the work. Remarks, however, began to be made in the press which may have been more or less exaggerated. I need only say that Fitzjames himself was quite unconscious of any inability to do his duty, and for some time heard nothing of any comments. In March 1891 he was on circuit at Exeter again with Lord Coleridge. It was thought right that certain public remarks should be brought under his notice. He immediately took the obviously right course. He consulted Sir Andrew Clark, who advised resignation. Fitzjames did his last work as judge at Bristol, March 15 to 23, and finally resigned on April 7, 1891, when he took leave of his colleagues at an impressive meeting. The Attorney-General, Sir R. Webster, expressed the feelings of the bar; and the final 'God bless you all,' with which he took leave of the members of his old profession, remains in the memory of his hearers. He was created a baronet in recognition of his services, and received the usual pension.

I may here mention that he was elected a corresponding member of the 'Institut de France' in 1888 ('Académie des Sciences morales et politiques'). The election, I believe, was due to M. de Franqueville, the distinguished French jurist, with whom he had formed a warm friendship in later years. He also received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh in 1884, and was an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

After his retirement his health fluctuated. He visited Froude at Salcombe in June, and was able to enjoy sailing. He afterwards went to Homburg, and in the autumn was able to walk as well as drive about Anaverna. He wrote an article or two for the 'Nineteenth Century,' and he afterwards amused himself by collecting the articles of which I have already spoken, published in three small volumes (in 1892) as 'Horæ Sabbaticæ.' On the whole, however, he was gradually declining. The intellect was becoming eclipsed, and he was less and less able to leave his chair. Early in 1893 he became finally unable to walk up and down stairs, and in the summer it was decided not to go to Anaverna. He was moved to Red House Park, Ipswich, in May, where he remained to the end. It had the advantage of a pleasant garden, which he could enjoy during fine weather. During this period he still preserved his love of books, and was constantly either reading or listening to readers. His friends felt painfully that he was no longer quite with them in mind. Yet it was touching to notice how scrupulously he tried, even when the effort had become painful, to receive visitors with all due courtesy, and still more to observe how his face lighted up with a tender smile whenever he received some little attention from those dearest to him. It is needless to say that of such loving care there was no lack. I shall only mention one trifling incident, which concerned me personally. I had been to see him at Ipswich. He was chiefly employed with a book, and though he said a few words, I felt doubtful whether he fully recognised my presence. I was just stepping into a carriage on my departure when I became aware that he was following me to the door leaning upon his wife's arm. Once more his face was beaming with the old hearty affection, and once more he grasped my hand with the old characteristic vigour, and begged me to give his love to my wife. It was our last greeting.

I can say nothing of the intercourse with those still nearer to him. He had no serious suffering. He became weaker and died peacefully at Ipswich, March 11, 1894. He was buried at Kensal Green in the presence of a few friends, and laid by the side of his father and mother and the four children who had gone before him. One other grave is close by, the grave of one not allied to him by blood, but whom he loved with a brotherly affection that shall never be forgotten by one survivor.

I have now told my story, and I leave reflections mainly to my readers. One thing I shall venture to say. In writing these pages I have occasionally felt regret--regret that so much power should have been used so lavishly as to disappoint the hopes of a long life, for I always looked to my brother as to a tower of strength, calculated to outlast such comparative weaklings as myself; and regret, too, that so much power was expended upon comparatively ephemeral objects or upon aims destined to fail of complete fulfilment. Such regrets enable me to understand why the work which he did in India made so deep an impression upon his mind. And yet I feel that the regrets are unworthy of him. The cases are rare indeed where a man's abilities have been directed precisely into the right channel from early life. Almost all men have to acknowledge that they have spent a great portion of their energy upon tasks which have led to nothing, or led only to experience of failure. A man who has succeeded in giving clear utterance to the thoughts that were in him need care comparatively little whether they have been concentrated in some great book or diffused through a number of miscellaneous articles. Fitzjames's various labours came to a focus in his labours upon the Criminal Law. During his short stay in India he succeeded in actually achieving a great work; and I hope that, if his hopes of achieving similar results in England were disappointed, he will have successors who will find some help from the foundations which he laid. But, as he said of his father, the opportunity of directing your powers vigorously and in a worthy direction is its own reward. If to have taken advantage of such opportunities be the true test of success, whatever opinions may be held of you by others, and to whatever account they may turn your labours, Fitzjames may be called eminently successful. It often appears to me, indeed, that a man does good less by his writings or by the mark which he may make upon public affairs than by simply being himself. The impression made upon his contemporaries by a man of strong and noble character is something which cannot be precisely estimated, but which we often feel to be invaluable. The best justification of biography in general is that it may strengthen and diffuse that impression. That, at any rate, is the spirit in which I have written this book. I have sought to show my brother as he was. Little as he cared for popularity (and, indeed, he often rather rejected than courted it), I hope that there will not be wanting readers who will be attracted even by an indifference which is never too common. And there is one thing which, as I venture to believe, no one can deny, or deny to be worth considering. Whatever may be thought of Fitzjames's judgments of men and things, it must be granted that he may be called, in the emphatical and lofty sense of the word, a true man. In the dark and bewildering game of life he played his part with unfaltering courage and magnanimity. He was a man not only in masculine vigour of mind and body, but in the masculine strength of affection, which was animated and directed to work by strenuous moral convictions. If I have failed to show that, I have made a failure indeed; but I hope that I cannot have altogether failed to produce some likeness of a character so strongly marked and so well known to me from my earliest infancy.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 176: _History of Criminal Law_, i. 418.]

[Footnote 177: _History of Criminal Law_, i. 265-272.]

[Footnote 178: Fitzjames had given a slighter account of this curious subject in the _Contemporary Review_ for February 1871.]

[Footnote 179: _History of Criminal Law_, ii. 81-3.]

[Footnote 180: _Ibid._ iii. 84.]

[Footnote 181: _History of Criminal Law_, ii. 175.]

[Footnote 182: _History of Criminal Law_, i. 442.]

[Footnote 183: Fitzjames discussed this question for the last time in the _Nineteenth Century_ for October 1886. Recent changes had, he says, made the law hopelessly inconsistent; and he points out certain difficulties, though generally adhering to the view given above.]

[Footnote 184: _History of Criminal Law_, iii. 367.]

[Footnote 185: _Nuncomar and Impey_, i. 1.]

[Footnote 186: _Nuncomar and Impey_, ii. 114.]

[Footnote 187: _Ibid._ ii. 247.]

[Footnote 188: _Nuncomar and Impey_, i. 7.]

[Footnote 189: _History of Criminal Law_, i. 456.]

[Footnote 190: Fitzjames kept a journal for a short time at this period, which gives the facts, also noticed in his letters.]

[Footnote 191: _Law Reports, 6 Queen's Bench Division_, pp. 244-263.]

[Footnote 192: _Law Reports, 12 Queen's Bench Division_, pp. 247-256.]

[Footnote 193: The verses were published in the _St. James's Gazette_ of Dec. 2, 1881.]

[Footnote 194: His letters appeared in the _Times_ of March 1 and 2 and June 9, 1883, and were afterwards collected.]

[Footnote 195: His letters appeared on January 1, 4, and 21, and on April 29 and May 1, 1886.]

[Footnote 196: February 11, 1888; reprinted in the biographical notice by Sir M. E. Grant Duff, prefixed to the collection of Maine's speeches and minutes in 1892.]

[Footnote 197: I have used a notice in the _Cambridge Review_ of February 11, 1892, and some notes by Mr. Oscar Browning. I have also to thank several of James's friends for communications; especially Mr. Cornish, now Vice-Provost of Eton College, Mr. Lowry, now an Eton master, Mr. Reginald J. Smith, Q.C., and Mr. H. F. Wilson, of Lincoln's Inn.]

[Footnote 198: I deeply regret to say that Professor Goodhart died while these pages were going through the press. The schoolboy affection had been maintained to the end; and Goodhart was one of James's most intimate and valued friends.]

[Footnote 199: Mr. Lowry mentions some other ephemeral writings, the _Salt Hill Papers_ and the _Sugar Loaf Papers_.]

[Footnote 200: The last was published at the end of 1884.]

[Footnote 201: A bibliographical account of the changes in these editions is given in the fourth.]

[Footnote 202: A 'Parodist's Apology,' added in the later edition of the _Lapsus_.]

BIBLOGRAPHICAL NOTE

The independent books published by Sir J. F. Stephen were as follows:--

1. _Essays by a Barrister_ (reprinted from the _Saturday Review_).
London, 1862, Smith, Elder & Co. 1 vol. 8vo. (Anonymous.) Pp. 335.

2. _Defence of the Rev. Rowland Williams, D.D., in the Arches Court
of Canterbury_, by James Fitzjames Stephen, M.A., of the Inner
Temple, barrister-at-law, recorder of Newark-on-Trent. London,
1862, Smith, Elder & Co. 1 vol. 8vo. Pp. xlviii. 335.

3. _A General View of the Criminal Law of England_, by James
Fitzjames Stephen, M.A., of the Inner Temple, barrister-at-law,
recorder of Newark-on-Trent. London and Cambridge, 1863, Macmillan
& Co. 1 vol. 8vo. Pp. xii. 499.

4. _Liberty, Equality, Fraternity_, by James Fitzjames Stephen,
Q.C. London, 1873, Smith, Elder & Co. Pp. vi. 350. Second edition
of the same (with new preface and additional notes), 1874. Pp.
xlix. 370.

5. _A Digest of the Law of Evidence_, by James Fitzjames Stephen,
Q.C. London, 1874, Macmillan & Co. Pp. xlii. 198. Reprinted with
slight alterations, September 1876, December 1876; with many
alterations, 1877. Second edition, 1881. Third, 1887. Fourth, 1893.

6. _A Digest of the Criminal Law_ (_Crimes and Punishments_), by
Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, K.C.S.I., Q.C. London, 1877, Macmillan
& Co. Pp. lxxxii. 412. Second edition, 1879. Third, 1883. Fourth,
1887. Fifth, 1894.

7. _A Digest of the Law of Criminal Procedure in Indictable
Offences_, by Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, K.C.S.I., D.C.L., a
judge of the High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division, and
Herbert Stephen, Esq., LL.M., of the Inner Temple,
barrister-at-law. London, Macmillan &Co. 1883. Pp. xvi. 230.

8. _A History of the Criminal Law of England_, by Sir James
Fitzjames Stephen, K.C.S.I., D.C.L., a judge of the High Court of
Justice, Queen's Bench Division. London, 1883, Macmillan & Co. 3
vols. 8vo. Pp. xviii. 576; 497; 592.

9. _The Story of Nuncomar and the Impeachment of Sir Elijah Impey_,
by Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, K.C.S.I., one of the judges of the
High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division. London, 1885,
Macmillan & Co. 2 vols. 8vo. Pp. 267, 336.

10. _A General View of the Criminal Law of England_, by Sir James
Fitzjames Stephen, K.C.S.I., D.C.L., Honorary Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge, a corresponding member of the French Institute,
a judge of the Supreme Court, Queen's Bench Division. (Second
edition.) London, 1890, Macmillan & Co. Pp. xii. 398.

11. _Horæ Sabbaticæ, Reprint of Articles contributed to the
Saturday Review_, by Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, Bart., K.C.S.I.
London, 1892, Macmillan & Co. First, second and third series. Pp.
347, 417, 376.

The following is a list of the chief contributions to quarterly and monthly periodicals.

_Cambridge Essays_

1. Oct. 1855. Relation of Novels to Life.

2. July 1857. Characteristics of English Criminal Law.

_National Review_

1. April 1856. Cambridge Reform.

2. Nov. 1864. The Public Schools Commission.

_Edinburgh Review_

1. July 1856. Cavallier.

2. July 1857. Novelists.

3. Jan. 1858. Tom Brown's Schooldays.

4. April 1858. Buckle's 'Civilisation.'

5. Oct. 1858. Guy Livingstone.

6. April 1859. Hodson.

7. Oct. 1861. Jurisprudence.

_Cornhill Magazine_

1. Sept. 1860. Luxury.

2. Dec. 1860. Criminal Law and the Detection of Crime.

3. April 1861. The Morality of Advocacy.

4. May 1861. Dignity.

5. June and July 1861. The Study of History.

6. Aug. 1861. The Dissolution of the Union.

7. Sept. 1861. Keeping up Appearances.

8. Nov. 1861. National Character.

9. Dec. 1861. Competitive Examinations.

10. Jan. 1862. Liberalism.

11. Feb. 1862. Commissions of Lunacy.

12. March 1862. Gentlemen.

13. May 1862. Superstition.

14. June 1862. Courts Martial.

15. July 1862. Journalism.

16. Sept. 1862. The State Trials.

17. Nov. 1862. Circumstantial Evidence.

18. Jan. 1863. Society.

19. Feb. 1863. The Punishment of Convicts.

20. April 1863. Oaths.

21. June 1863. Spiritualism.

22. July 1863. Commonplaces on England.

23. July 1863. Professional Etiquette.

24. Sept. 1863. Anti-respectability.

25. Oct. 1863. A Letter to a Saturday Reviewer.

26. Dec. 1863. Marriage Settlements.

27. Jan. 1864. Money and Money's Worth.

28. June 1864. The Church as a Profession.

29. July 1864. Sentimentalism.

30. Dec. 1864. The Bars of France and England.

31. Jan. 1867. The Law of Libel.

_Fraser's Magazine_

(A few earlier articles had appeared in this magazine.)

1. Dec. 1863. Women and Scepticism.

2. Jan. 1864. Japan.

3. Feb. 1864. Theodore Parker.

4. April 1864. Mr. Thackeray.

5. May 1864. The Privy Council.

6. June 1864. Capital Punishment.

7. Sept. 1864. Newman's 'Apologia.'

8. Nov. 1864. Dr. Pusey and the Court of Appeal.

9. Dec. 1864. Kaye's 'Indian Mutiny.'

10. Feb. 1865. Law of the Church of England.

11. March 1965. Merivale's 'Conversion of the Roman Empire.'

12. June and July 1865. English Ultramontanism.

13. Nov. 1865. Mr. Lecky's 'Rationalism.'

14. Feb. 1866. Capital Punishment.

15. June and July 1866. 'Ecce Homo.'

16. Nov. 1866. Voltaire.

17. Nov. 1869. Religious Controversy.

18. Jan. 1872. Certitude in Religious Assent.

19. July 1873. Froissart's 'Chronicles.'

_Fortnightly Review_

1. Dec. 1872. Codification in India and England.

2. March 1877. A Penal Code.

3. March 1884. Blasphemy and Seditious Libel.

_Contemporary Review_

1. Dec. 1873 and March 1874. Parliamentary Government.

2. March 1874. Cæsarism and Ultramontanism.

3. May 1874. Cæsarism and Ultramontanism: a Rejoinder.

4. Dec. 1874. Necessary Truth.

5. Feb. 1875. The Law of England as to the Expression of Religious Opinion.

_Nineteenth Century_

1. April 1877. Mr. Gladstone and Sir G. C. Lewis on Authority.

2. May 1877. Morality and Religious Belief.

3. Sept. 1877. Improvement of the Law by Private Enterprise.

4. Dec. 1877. Suggestions as to the Reform of the Criminal Law.

5. Jan. 1880. The Criminal Code (1879).

6. Jan. 1881. The High Court of Justice.

7. April 1882. A Sketch of the Criminal Law.

8. Oct. 1883. India; the Foundations of Government.

9. June 1884. The Unknowable and the Unknown.

10. May 1885. Variations in the Punishment of Crime.

11. Oct. 1886. Prisoners as Witnesses.

12. Dec. 1886. The Suppression of Boycotting.

13. Oct. 1887. Mr. Mivart's 'Modern Catholicism.'

14. Jan. 1888. A Rejoinder to Mr. Mivart.

15. April and May 1888. Max Müller's 'Science of Thought.'

16. June 1891. The Opium Resolution.

17. July 1891. Gambling and the Law.

INDEX

Aberdare, Lord, 340

Aberdeen in 1775-77, 11

Achill, Sir J. F. Stephen at, 409

Adams, Professor, 93

Adams, Mr. Henry, 24_n_

Addison, Joseph, 430

Afghanistan, Lord Lytton's policy in, and the subjugation of its
tribes,391-401

Agency Committee, organised by George Stephen, 28

Albert, Prince Consort, 95

Allen, William, 309

America, the Civil War in, 319

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Sir J. F. Stephen an honorary
member of, 478

Anaverna House, 386, 406-409, 477-479

Annet, Peter, last Deist imprisoned for blasphemous libel, 8

'Anti-Slavery Reporter,' the, 47

'Apostles,' the, at Cambridge, 100-106, 300, 472

Aquinas, Thomas, 60, 364

Argyll, Duke of, 354

Arnold, Matthew, 165

Arnold, Rev. Dr., 76, 221

Ashton, John, Jacobite conspirator, 34

Ashton, Miss. _See_ Venn, Rev. Richard

Ashwell, R. _v._, 443

Athenæum Club, the, 302

Auerbach's 'Auf der Höhe,' 298

Austen, Jane, 103

Austerlitz, 60

Austin, Charles, 123

Austin, John, as a writer compared with Sir J. Stephen, 54;
John and Mrs. Austin's associations with Sir J. Stephen, 60, 76;
influence of Austin's works on Sir J. F. Stephen, 116, 204-206,
220, 317, 396, 413;
death, 172

Austin, Miss Lucy. _See_ Gordon, Lady Duff

Bacon murder trial, 146-148, 173

Bain, Professor, 339

Balmat, Auguste, 143

Balston, Mr., 80, 81, 86

Balzac, Honoré, 156

Barkley, Mr. D. G., 256

Barry, Mr. Justice, 380

Bate, Parson. _See_ Dudley, Sir Henry Bate

Bathurst, Earl, and Sir J. Stephen, 32

Batten, Rev. Ellis, Master at Harrow, his wife (Miss Caroline Venn)
and daughter, 36_n._, 39, 129

Baxter and his writings, Sir J. Stephen on, 56, 57, 116

Beaconsfield, Lord, 344, 349, 352

Beattie, Dr., 11

Beaumont, W. J., 85

Bellingham, Henry, murderer of Mr. Perceval, 20

Bentham, Jeremy, Sir J. F. Stephen
and his writings, 71, 101, 116, 123-125, 159, 189, 204, 206-208, 210,
211, 308, 309, 311, 312, 317, 321, 322, 325, 333, 413, 423, 424,
464;
his efforts on behalf of codification, 246, 247

Bethell Sir Richard. _See_ Westbury, Lord

Blackburn, Lord, 353, 380

Blackstone, Mr. Justice, 26, 412, 418

Blakesley, Canon, 100

Blomfield, Bishop, 37

Blücher, Field-Marshal, 21

Board of Trade, Sir J. Stephen's connection with the, 42, 49

Bolingbroke, James Kenneth Stephen's essay on, 472

Bonney, Professor, 4_n_

Bowen, Lord Justice, 150, 232, 413

Brahmos sect (India), 260-266

Bramwell, Lord, 140, 353

Brand, Lieut., his share in the execution of Gordon, 229

Bright, John, 107, 160, 224, 304, 394

Brontë, Charlotte, 103

Brougham, Lord, 19, 20, 22, 24_n_

Brown, Mary. _See_ Stephen, Mr. James

Browning, Mr. Oscar, 469, 472, 476

Browning, Robert, 5, 476

Browning, Mr. William, 469

Bryce, Mr. James, 32_n_

Buckle, T. H., 312, 320

Buller, Mr. Charles, 46, 100

Bunyan, John, 69

Burke, Edmund, 433, 434

Butler, Bishop, Sir James Stephen and his 'Analogy,' 18;
Sir J. F. Stephen and Butler's works, 161, 196, 423

Butler, Mr. Montague, 99_n_

Buxton, Mr. Charles, his connection with the Jamaica Committee,
228_n_

Buxtn, Sir Thomas Fowell, his efforts to suppress the slave trade, 28

Byron, Lord, 103, 400

Cairns, Lord, 380

Calcutta, work and life at, 241, 244, 304

Calder, Mrs., daughter of Mr. James Stephen, 2

Calverley, C. S., 476

'Cambridge Essays,' 149, 155, 203, 206, 484

'Cambridge Review,' the, 469_n_

Cambridge University, John Venn at, 35;
connection of Sir J. Stephen with, 56;
Sir J. F Stephen at, 93-106;
the 'Apostles,' 100;
J. K. Stephen at, 472-3, 476-7

Cameron, C. H., his share in codifying Indian Penal Laws, 247

Campbell's Poems, 40, 68

Campbell, Mr. J. Dykes, 33_n_

Campbell, Lord, Chief Justice, 140, 441, 442

Campbell, Sir George, 269

Canning, Lord, 399

Capital punishment, 426, 445

Carlyle, Jane Welsh, 201

Carlyle, Thomas, 50, 53, 54;
his political and philosophic writings, 77, 104, 159, 180, 182,
225, 230, 315, 453, 458;
friendship with Sir J. F. Stephen, 201-203, 238, 245, 302, 305,
309, 360, 385, 419

Caroline, Queen, 27

Cashmire Gate, the, 398

Castlereagh, Lord, 22

Cavagnari, Major, 397, 399

Cavaignac and the French revolution of 1848, 108

Cavallier, 162, 163

Cayley, Professor, 93

Cervantes, 464

Chamberlain, Mr. Joseph, 231, 232

Charlemagne, 319

Charles II., criminal law in his day 241

Charlotte, Princess, 21

Chenery, Thomas, Editor of the 'Times,' 85

Chillingworth, William, 186

Chitty, Mr. Justice, 85

'Christian Observer,' 127-130, 149

Christie, W. D., 100_n_

Church Missionary Society, 33, 35

'Clapham Sect,' the, 24_n_, 32-35, 55-57, 83, 84, 127

Clark, Sir Andrew, 435, 436, 477, 478

Clarke, Mrs. _See_ Stephen, Mr. James

Cleasby, Baron, 402, 403

Clifford, Professor W. K., 361

Clifton _v._ Ridsdale, 384

Club 'The,' 385

Cobden, Richard, 107, 160

Cockburn, Sir Alexander, Lord Chief Justice, his charge regarding the
alleged murder of Gordon, 229;
and the Homicide Bill, 353;
on the Criminal Code Bill, 381

Cockerell, Mr., 246_n_, 254

Codification, in India, 233, 249, 303, 392, 393, 418;
in England, 302, 305, 340, 341, 347, 351-358, 379-381, 388, 389,
392, 393

Colenso, Bishop, 219

Coleridge, Mr. Arthur, 77, 78, 80, 85, 139-141

Coleridge, Herbert, 82, 85

Coleridge, Lord, Chief Justice, 165, 303, 305, 306, 340, 341, 343,
351, 352, 377, 389, 477, 478

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 58, 84, 105, 168, 221, 368

Colonial Department and Office, 32, 42-45

Colquhoun's 'Wilberforce' cited, 24_n_

Comte, Auguste, 375

Congreve, Mr., 161

'Contemporary Review,' the, 350_n_, 365, 422_n_, 485

Contracts, Sir J. F. Stephen and the law of, 276-278, 355, 376

Conybeare and Philips, their work on Geology, cited, 4_n_

Cook, John Douglas, 148, 149, 150, 153

Copyright Commission, the, 402

'Cornhill Magazine,' the, 139_n_, 175, 177, 178, 182-184, 208_n_,
212, 214, 223, 484, 485

Cornish, Mr., Vice-Provost of Eton, 469_n_, 471

Cosmopolitan Club, the, 385, 386

Courts-Martial, Sir J. F. Stephen on, 208

Cowie, Mr., Advocate-General, 261

Cowper, the poet, 34, 40

Cremation, 450

Criminal Law, 149;
'General View' of, 203-212, 412, 413, 463, 483, 484;
'Digest' of, 375-377, 412, 463, 483;
the Criminal Code, 380, 381, 402, 418;
'History' of, 410-428, 463, 483;
Court of Criminal Appeal, 463

Croker, John Wilson, 21

Cumming, Dr., and the 'Saturday Review,' 154

Cunningham, Sir Henry Stewart, 130, 234, 235, 237, 245, 246_n_, 249,
275_n_, 295, 298, 304, 305

Cunningham, Rev. J. W., 128-130

Curzon, Hon. George, 470

Cust, Mr. Robert, 257

Dalgairns, Father, 361

Dalhousie, Lord, 399

Dante, 464, 465

Darwinism, 374, 375, 456

Davies, Rev. J. Llewelyn, 99, 106, 125, 126, 132

Delhi, 237, 245; the great Durbar at (1877), 398

De Maistre, 226, 330

Denison, Archdeacon, 351

Derby, Earl of (Edward Geoffrey), 47, 48, 53

Derby, Earl of (Edward Henry), 102

Descartes, 363

De Vere, Aubrey, 59

Dicey, Professor Albert Venn, Mr. Edward, Mr. Frank, and Mr. Henry,
31

Dicey, Mr. Thomas Edward, 29-31, 76, 85, 120

Dickens, Charles, 155, 156, 158, 160, 180, 345

Dickens, Mr., Q.C., 439

Dove, trial of, 146

Dowden, Professor, 55_n_

Dromquina, Ireland, 235, 236, 405, 406

Dudley, Sir Henry Bate ('Parson' Bate), 14

Duff, James Grant, 171

Duff, Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, and Lady, 119, 120, 139,
140, 171, 190, 235, 303, 451, 466_n_

Dundee, candidature for, 343-348, 352

'Ecce Homo,' review of, 200, 221

Ecclesiastical cases, 381-386

Edinburgh, Duke of (Prince Alfred), 245

'Edinburgh Review,' the, 55, 150, 153, 160, 162, 163, 172_n_, 175,
204, 205, 484

Education Commission (1859), 165-167, 172, 203

Egerton, Lady, 130, 234, 245, 403, 404, 435

Egerton, Sir Robert, 400

Eldon, Earl of, 247

Elliot, Gilbert (Earl Minto), 433

Elliott, Miss Charlotte, 72, 73

Elliott, E. B., 154

Elliott, Rev. Henry Venn, 72, 73

Ellis, Mr. Leslie, 93, 97

Erie, Lord Chief Justice, 442

'Essays and Reviews,' 184, 219, 369

'Essays by a Barrister,' 170_n_, 172_n_, 177;
character of its contents, 178-182, 412

Estlin, John Prior, 31

Eton, 76-86, 469-472

'Etonian,' the, 470

Evidence, Digest of the Law of, 483

Evidence Act (India) and Bill (England), 277, 278, 291, 305, 306, 341

Extradition Commission, the, 402

Eyre, Governor, 227-230, 296

Fane, Julian, 102, 104

Farish, Professor William, 8_n_, 31, 36

Fawcett, Professor Henry, 222

Field, Lord, 118, 120, 212, 357

Fielding, Sir John, 7

Flowers, Mr. F., 138

Forbes, Miss Mary. _See_ Stephen, Mr. William

Forster, the Rt. Hon. W. E., 167

'Fortnightly Review,' the, 246_n_, 340, 485

Francis, Sir Philip, 433

Francis, Miss Elizabeth, 40

Franqueville, M. de, 478

'Fraser's Magazine,' 163, 184, 188, 190, 194, 200, 202, 225, 226,
365, 485

Freeman, Professor E. A., 150, 351

Freshfield, Messrs., 27

Froude, James Anthony, 151_n_, 200, 201, 236, 238, 300, 302, 304,
385, 405, 446, 478

Fuller, Mr., 435

Galway, Ireland, 409

Garratt, Rev. Samuel, 30_n_

Garratt, Mr. W. A., 29, 30, 180

George III., criminal law in his day, 421

Gibbet Law of Halifax, 420

Gibbon, Edward, 226, 358, 359, 416

Gibbs, Mr. Frederick Waymouth, 42, 72, 82, 101, 346, 407

Giffard, Mr. Hardinge (afterwards Lord Halsbury), 229

Gisborne, Thomas, 18, 55

Gladstone, Mr., his work on Church and State, 219;
Irish Church Act and Irish University Bill, 225, 341;
connection with the Metaphysical Society, 361, 365, 366;
recent Irish and Indian policies, 460, 461

Glenelg, Lord, 44

Goodhart, Professor, 470

Gordon, Adam Lindsay, 459

Gordon, Lady Duff (née Austin), 60

Gordon, Lord George, 14

Gordon, hanged for his share in the Jamaica insurrection, 227-230

Gorham case, the, 109

Gower, Lord F. L., 68

Grace, Miss. _See_ Stephen, Rev. William

Graham, Sir James, and the slave trade, 48_n_

Gray, the poet, 39;
his 'Elegy,' 170

Great Grimsby Riots, 173

Green, T. H., 362

Greenwood, Mr. Frederick, editor of
the 'Pall Mall Gazette 'and the 'St. James's Gazette,' 214-217, 300,
307, 460, 474

Greg, William Rathbone, 124, 212, 213

Greville, Charles, the diarist, 60

Grey, Earl. _See_ Howick, Lord

Guest, Rev. B., 73-76

Gurney, Mr. Russell, recorder of London, 39, 73, 129, 228, 300, 304,
305, 341, 353, 389, 402

Haileybury, Sir J. Stephen at, 91

Hallam, the historian, 182, 414

Hallam, Henry Fitzmaurice, 100, 102

Hamilton, the logician, anecdote concerning, 103

Hamilton, Sir William, introduces German philosophy into England,
105;
Mill's examination of his philosophy, 182, 183

Hampden, Bishop, 186

Hannen, Mr. (afterwards Lord), counsel for General Nelson and Lieut.
Brand, 229

Harcourt, Sir William (4 Historicus'), contemporary of Sir J. F.
Stephen at Cambridge, 99,102, 106;
connection with the 'Saturday Review,' 150, 213, 302, 395, 445

Harrison, Mr. Frederic, his controversies with Sir J. F. Stephen and
connection with the Metaphysical Society, 213, 339, 340, 361,
371, 454

Harwich, candidature for, 222, 344

Hastings, Warren, Sir J. F. Stephen's interest in the study of his
works and impeachment, 233, 395, 398, 399, 429;
character of Lord Macaulay's article on, 430-434

Hazlitt, as an essayist, 178

Helps, Sir Arthur, an 'Apostle' at Cambridge, 100;
as an essayist, 178

Henry, Sir Thomas, 229

Hey, Rev. John, 35

Hick, Mr., M.P., 232

Higgins, Matthew James ('Jacob Omnium'), his connection with the
'Pall Mall Gazette,' 212

Hildebrand, Sir J. Stephen on, 56

Hill, Rowland, and the Post Office, 159

Himalayas, the, Sir J. F. Stephen's description of, 245

Hindoo laws, remarriage of widows legalised, 260;
alterations in the oaths and wills enactments, 277. _See also_
India

'Historicus.' _See_ Harcourt, Sir William

'History 'of the criminal law. _See_ Criminal law