Chapter XLI: Death of Lady Burton (1)

Bibliography:

87. The Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam. 1898. 88. Wanderings in Three Continents. 1901.

183. Lady Burton at Eastbourne.

Lady Burton spent the year 1894 and part of 1895 at Baker Street and Mortlake, making occasional visits to friends. As at Trieste, she surrounded herself with a crowd of servants and other idle people whom, in her good nature, she systematically pampered, and who in their turn did their best to make her life unendurable. She could, however, easily afford these luxuries, for thanks to the large sums received for her Life of Sir Richard, the Library Edition, &c., she was now in affluent circumstances. She won to herself and certainly deserved the character of "a dear old lady." In politics she was a "progressive Conservative," though what that meant neither she nor those about her had any clear notion. She dearly loved children--at a safe distance--and gave treats, by proxy, to all the Catholic schools in the neighbourhood. She took an active interest in various charities, became an anti-vivisectionist, and used very humanely to beat people about the head with her umbrella, if she caught them ill-treating animals. If they remonstrated, she used to retort, "Yes, and how do you like It?" "When she wanted a cab," says Mr. W. H. Wilkins, "she invariably inspected the horse carefully first, to see if it looked well fed and cared for; if not, she discharged the cab and got another; and she would always impress upon the driver that he must not beat his horse under any consideration." On one occasion she sadly forgot herself. She and her sister, Mrs. FitzGerald, had hired a cab at Charing Cross Station and were in a great hurry to get home. Of course, as usual, she impressed upon the cabman that he was not to beat his horse. "The horse, which was a wretched old screw, refused, in consequence, to go at more than a walking pace," and Lady Burton, who was fuming with impatience, at last so far forgot herself as to put her head out of the window and cry to the driver, "Why don't you beat him? Why don't you make him go?" [691] She occasionally met her husband's friends, Mr. and Mrs. Arbuthnot and Mr. Payne. One day at some dinner it transpired in the course of conversation that Mr. Payne had all his life been an habitual sufferer from insomnia.

"I can tell you how to cure that," said Lady Burton.

"How?" said Mr. Payne. "Say your prayers," said she.

After an attack of influenza Lady Burton hired a cottage--Holywell Lodge--at Eastbourne [692] where she stayed from September to March 1896, busying herself composing her autobiography. [693] Two letters which she wrote to Miss Stisted from Holywell Lodge are of interest. Both are signed "Your loving Zoo." The first contains kindly references to Mr. and Mrs. Arbuthnot, who had been visiting her, and to the widow of Professor Huxley [694] who was staying at Eastbourne; and the second, which is amusing enough, records her experiences among some very uncongenial people at Boscombe. Wherever she went, Lady Burton, as we have seen, was always thrusting her opinions, welcome or not, upon other persons; but at Boscombe the tables were turned, and she experienced the same annoyance that she herself had so often excited in others.

"I went," she says, "to a little boarding-house called.... The house was as comfortable as it could be, the food plain, but eatable, but the common table was always chock full of Plymouth Brethren and tract-giving old maids, and we got very tired of it."

Then follows an account of her establishment at Eastbourne. "It consists," she says, "of my secretary (Miss Plowman) and nurse, and we have our meals together, and drive out together whenever I am able. Then my servants are a maid, house-parlour-maid, a housemaid and a cook (my Baker Street lot). The cottage [at Mortlake] is in charge of a policeman, and Baker Street a caretaker. My friend left three servants in the house, so we are ten altogether, and I have already sent one of mine back, as they have too much to eat, too little to do, and get quarrelsome and disagreeable." Thus it was the same old story, for Lady Burton, though she had the knack of living, was quite incapable of learning, or at any rate of profiting by experience.

The letter concludes sadly, "As to myself, I am so thin and weak that I cannot help thinking there must be atrophy, and in any case my own idea is that I may be able to last till March."

184. Death of Lady Burton, 22nd Mar. 1896.

Lady Burton from that time gradually grew weaker; but death, which "to prepared appetites is nectar," had for her no terrors. To her it meant release from pain and suffering, ultimate reception into the presence of an all-merciful God, re-union with her beloved husband. She did, however, last, as she had anticipated, till March. Early in that month she returned to Baker Street, where she died rather suddenly on Sunday the 22nd.

By her will dated, 28th December 1895, she left some L12,000 to her sister, Mrs. FitzGerald, [695] and the following persons also benefitted: her sister, Mrs. Van Zeller, L500; her secretary, Miss Plowman L25; Khamoor L50; her nephew Gerald Arthur Arundell, the cottage at Mortlake; the Orphanage at Trieste, L105. She directed that after her heart had been pierced with a needle her body was to be embalmed in order that it might be kept above ground by the side of her husband. She stated that she had bought a vault close to the tent, and that two places were to be reserved in it in order that if a revolution should occur in England, and there should be fear of the desecration of the dead, the coffins of her husband and herself might be lowered into it. She provided for 3,000 masses to be said for her at once at Paris, and left an annuity to pay for a daily mass to be said there perpetually. The attendance of priests at her funeral was to be "as large as possible."

Lady Burton was buried on Friday March 27th, the service taking place in the Catholic church at Mortlake where five years previous she had knelt beside the coffin of her husband; and a large number of mourners was present. After mass her remains were carried to the Arab Tent, and so she obtained her wish, namely, that in death she and her husband might rest in the same tomb.

185. Miss Stisted's "True Life."

As might have been expected, Lady Burton's Life of her husband gave umbrage to the Stisted family--and principally for two reasons; first its attempt to throw a flood of Catholic colour on Sir Richard, and secondly because it contained statements which they held to be incorrect. So after Lady Burton's death, Miss Stisted wrote and published a small work entitled The True Life of Sir Richard Burton. It is written with some acerbity, for Lady Burton as a Catholic was not more militant than Miss Stisted as a Protestant. It throws additional and welcome light on Sir Richard's early days, but as we have elsewhere remarked, the principal charge that it made against Lady Burton, namely that she was the main cause of her husband's downfall at Damascus, is unsupported by sufficient evidence.

186. Mr. Wilkins's Work, 1897.

That there should be a counterblast to The True Life was inevitable, and it came in the shape of The Romance of Isabel Lady Burton, which consists of Lady Burton's unfinished autobiography and a continuation by Mr. W. H. Wilkins. The work is a valuable addition to Burton lore, but Mr. Wilkins's friendship for Lady Burton led him to place her on a far higher pedestal than we have been able to give her. Perhaps it was natural that in dealing with the True Life he should have betrayed some heat. However, death has now visited Miss Stisted [696] as well as Lady Burton, and the commotion made by the falling of the stone into the pool is at this distance represented only by the faintest of circles. In 1898, Mr. Wilkins published, with an acceptable preface, three of Burton's unfinished works in one volume, with the title of The Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam, and in 1901 he placed the public under further obligation to him by editing and issuing Burton's Wanderings in Three Continents.

187. Burton's Friends.

Most of Burton's friends have followed him to the tomb. Edward Rehatsek died at a ripe age at Worli on 11th December 1891, and was cremated in Hindu fashion. At the time of his death he was working at the translation of the third part of The Rauzat-us-Safa. [697] In his last letter to Mr. Arbuthnot, after referring to his declining health, he finished by saying, "Hope, however, never dies; and as work occupies the mind, and keeps off despair, I am determined to translate for you, though slowly, the third part of the Rauzat-us-Safa, so as to make the history of the Khalifahs complete." [698]

Mr. Arbuthnot continued to take interest in Oriental matters and wrote prefaces for several translations by Rehatsek and Dr. Steingass, including the First Part of Rehatsek's Rauzat-us-Safa (1891) and Steingass's Assemblies of Al Haririr (1898). His Arabic Authors appeared in 1890, his Mysteries of Chronology in 1900. He died in May 1901, and was buried at Shamley Green, Guildford. He left money for the Oriental Translation Fund, of which, it will be remembered, he was the founder, and his memory will always be honoured by Orientalists. A memorial of him--the Arbuthnot Institute--was opened at Shamley Green on 31st May 1905.

Mr. Ashbee died in 1900, Dr. F. J. Steingass in January, 1903.

After Burton's death, Mr. Letchford went to Bohemia as the guest of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis. At Vienna his next resort, he painted many beautiful pictures, one of the best being founded on Edgar Allen Poe's poem, "Silence." Finally he went to Naples, where he produced the series of pictures that has given him immortality--the illustrations to The Arabian Nights. Then followed days of darkness and trouble, but he was always courageous. "He felt that what he had striven for so long was now within his reach; he had the presentiment that he was about to take those flights of art which are permitted to very few." His portrait of the son of Sir William Wollcock is a work of genius.

In July 1905, hearing that Mr. Letchford was ill, I wrote to his sister, Daisy, [699] who lived with him. The letter was received, and Mr. Letchford intended replying to it himself. "He was only waiting to feel a little stronger," wrote Miss Letchford, "he never thought the end was near. On Monday morning of the 24th of July he still kept making wonderful plans for the future. He had the room in which he spent his last hours crowded with flowers, and as he felt his powers failing him he recited Swinburne's beautiful poem, 'The Garden of Proserpine':

"Though one were fair as roses
His beauty clouds and closes."

"Suddenly he lost consciousness, and he awoke from his comatose state only to repeat the identical words which were Sir Richard Burton's last--'I am dying--I am dead.' His beautiful soul had left this world for ever, for it was indeed a beautiful soul." [700]

Major Edward Burton, Sir Richard's brother, died 31st October 1895--after his terrible silence of nearly forty years. He was never married. Miss Stisted died in 1904. So of Burton's parents there are now no descendants. Within fifteen years of his death, the family was extinct.

Of the friends and intimate acquaintances of Burton who still survive we must first mention Mr. A. C. Swinburne, Mr. Watts-Dunton and Mr. John Payne. Mr. Swinburne has, year after year, it is scarcely necessary to say, added to his fame, and all Englishmen are proud of his genius. The Definitive Edition of his works has delighted all his admirers; and just as we are going to press everyone is reading with intense interest his early novel Love's Cross Currents. Mr. Watts-Dunton is in excellent health, and his pen is as vigorous as ever. He enjoys the proud position of being our greatest living literary critic.

Mr. Payne, who is still hard at work, ahs published since Burton's death translations of The Novels of Matteo Bandello (six vols. 1890), the Quatrains of Omar Kheyyam (1898), and--Atlantean task--the Poems of Hafiz (3 vols. 1901). His Collected Poems (1862-1902) in two handsome volumes, appeared in 1902; and he has since issued Vigil and Vision (1903), Songs of Consolation, and Hamid the Luckless (1904). In the last he returns to his old love, The Arabian Nights, most of the poems being founded on tales in that work.

Mr. W. F. Kirby, Dr. Grenfell Baker, Mrs. E. J. Burton, Major St. George Burton, Mr. Frederick Burton, Mr. P. P. Cautley, Mr. A. G. Ellis, and Professor Blumhardt are also living. His excellency Yacoub Artin Pasha is still Minister of Instruction at Cairo; Mr. Tedder is still at the Athenaeum.

Our task is ended. Sir Richard Burton was inadequately regarded in his lifetime, and even now no suitable memorial of him exists in the capital of the Empire, which is so deeply indebted to him. Let us hope that this omission will soon be rectified. His aura, however, still haunts the saloons of his beloved Athenaeum, and there he may be seen any day, by those who have eyes latched [701] over, busily writing at the round table in the library--white suit, shabby beaver, angel forehead, demon jaw, facial scar, and all. He is as much an integral part of the building as the helmeted Minerva on the portico; and when tardy England erects a statue to him it ought to select a site in the immediate neighbourhood of his most cherished haunt.

Our task, we repeat, is ended. No revolution, so far as we are aware, has distracted modern England, and Sir Richard and Lady Burton still sleep in sepulchral pomp in their marmorean Arab Tent at Mortlake. More than fifteen years have now elapsed since, to employ a citation from The Arabian Nights, there came between them "the Destroyer of Delights and the Sunderer of Companies and glory be to Him who changeth not, neither ceaseth, and in whom all things have their term." [702]

THE END.

Verses on the Death of Richard Burton [703] By Algernon Charles Swinburne

Night of light is it now, wherein Sleeps, shut out from the wild world's din, Wakes, alive with a life more clear, One who found not on earth his kin?

Sleep were sweet for awhile, were dear Surely to souls that were heartless here, Souls that faltered and flagged and fell, Soft of spirit and faint of cheer.

A living soul that had strength to quell Hope the spectre and fear the spell, Clear-eyed, content with a scorn sublime And a faith superb, can it fare not well?

Life, the shadow of wide-winged time, Cast from the wings that change as they climb, Life may vanish in death, and seem Less than the promise of last year's prime.

But not for us is the past a dream Wherefrom, as light from a clouded stream, Faith fades and shivers and ebbs away, Faint as the moon if the sundawn gleam.

Faith, whose eyes in the low last ray Watch the fire that renews the day, Faith which lives in the living past, Rock-rooted, swerves not as weeds that sway.

As trees that stand in the storm-wind fast She stands, unsmitten of death's keen blast, With strong remembrance of sunbright spring Alive at heart to the lifeless last.

Night, she knows, may in no wise cling To a soul that sinks not and droops not wing, A sun that sets not in death's false night Whose kingdom finds him not thrall but king.

Souls there are that for soul's affright Bow down and cower in the sun's glad sight, Clothed round with faith that is one with fear, And dark with doubt of the live world's light.

But him we hailed from afar or near As boldest born of his kinsfolk here And loved as brightest of souls that eyed Life, time, and death with unchangeful cheer,

A wider soul than the world was wide, Whose praise made love of him one with pride What part has death or has time in him, Who rode life's list as a god might ride?

While England sees not her old praise dim, While still her stars through the world's night swim A fame outshining her Raleigh's fame, A light that lightens her loud sea's rim,

Shall shine and sound as her sons proclaim The pride that kindles at Burton's name. And joy shall exalt their pride to be The same in birth if in soul the same.

But we that yearn for a friend's face,--we Who lack the light that on earth was he,-- Mourn, though the light be a quenchless flame That shines as dawn on a tideless sea.

APPENDICES

Appendix I Bibliography of Richard Burton

1. Grammar of the Jataki or Belochi Dialect. (Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.) 1849. 2. Remarks on Dr. Dorn's Chrestomathy of the Afghan Tongue. (Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.) 1849. 3. Reports addressed to the Bombay Government. (1.) General Notes on Sind. (2.) Notes on the Population of Sind. 4. Grammar of the Mooltanee Language. 5. Goa and the Blue Mountains. 1851. 6. Scinde, or the Unhappy Valley. 2 vols., 1851. 7. Sindh, and the Races that inhabit the Valley of the Indus. 1851. 8. Falconry in the Valley of the Indus. 1852. 9. Commencement (with Dr. Steinhauser) of The Arabian Nights. 1852. 10. A Complete System of Bayonet Exercise. 1853. 11. The Kasidah. (Written. Published in 1880.) 12. El Islam. (Written. Published with The Jew and the Gypsy in 1898.) 13. Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah. 3 vols. 1855-6. 2nd edition, 1857; 3rd edition, 1879. 14. First Footsteps in East Africa, or an Exploration of Harar. 1856. 15. Lake Regions of Equatorial Africa. 2 vols., 1860. 16. Volume 33 of the Royal Geographical Society. 1860. 17. The City of the Saints and across the Rocky Mountains to California. 1861. 18. Wanderings in West Africa. 2 vols., 1863. 19. Prairie Traveller, by R. B. Marcy. Edited by Burton, 1863. 20. Abeokuta and the Cameroons. 2 vols., 1863. 21. A Day among the Fans. 17th February 1863. 22. The Nile Basin. 1864. 23. A Mission to the King of Dahome. 2 vols., 1864. 24. Marcy's Prairie Traveller. Notes by Burton, (Anthropological Review), 1864. 25. Speech at Farewell Dinner given by the Anthropological Society to R. F. B. before his departure for South America, 4th April 1865. (Anthropological Review, iii., 167-182.) 26. Wit and Wisdom from West Africa. 1865. 27. Pictorial Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. 1865. 28. Psychic Facts. Stone Talk, by Francis Baker [Burton]. 1865. 29. Notes on Certain Matters connected with the Dahoman. 1865. 30. On an Hermaphrodite from the Cape de Verde Islands. 1866. 31. Exploration of the Highlands of the Brazil.... also Canoeing down 1,500 Miles of the great River Sao Francisco, from Sabara to the Sea. 2 vols., 1869. 32. Vikram and the Vampire. (Adapted from the Baital Pachisi.) 1870. 33. Letters from the Battlefields of Paraguay. 1870. 34. Proverba Communia Syriaca. (Royal Asiatic Society.) 1871. (See No. 37.) 35. The Jew. (Written 1871. Published 1898 with The Gypsy and El Islam). 36. Zanzibar: City, Island and Coast. 2 vols., 1872. 37. Unexplored Syria, by Burton and C. Tyrwhitt Drake. 2 vols., 1872. No. 24 is included in Vol. i. 38. On Human Remains, and other Articles from Iceland. 1872. 39. Medinah and Meccah. 3 vols. in one, 1873. 40. Minas Geraes and the Occupations of the Present Inhabitants. 7th January 1873. 41. Lacerda's Journey to Cazembe in 1798, translated and annotated by Capt. R. F. Burton. 1873. 42. The Captivity of Hans Stade of Hesse, in A.D. 1547-1555, among the Wild Tribes of Eastern Brazil. Translated by Albert Tootal, of Rio de Janeiro, and annotated by Burton. 1874. 43. Articles on Rome. (Macmillan's Magazine.) 1874-5. 44. The Catellieri, or Prehistoric Ruins of the Istrian Peninsula. 45. Gerber's Province of Minas Geraes. Translated by Burton. (Royal Geographical Society.) 1874. 46. New System of Sword Exercise. 1875. 47. Ultima Thule; or a Summer in Iceland. 2 vols., 1875. 48. Two Trips to Gorilla Land and the Cataracts of the Congo. 2 vols., 1875. 49. Inner Life of Syria. 2 vols., 1875. By Isabel Burton. 50. The Long Wall of Salona and the Ruined Cities of Pharia and Gelsa di Lesina. 1875. 51. The Port of Trieste. 52. The Gypsy. (Written in 1875. Published in 1898 with The Jew and El Islam.) 53. Etruscan Bologna. 1876. 54. New System of Sword Exercise for Infantry. 1876. 55. Sind Revised. 2 vols., 1877. 56. The Gold Mines of Midian and the Ruined Midianite Cities. 1878. 57. A. E. I. (Arabia, Egypt, India.) By Isabel Burton. 58. Ogham Runes and El Mushajjar. 1879. 59. The Land of Midian Revisited. 2 vols., 1879. 60. Camoens. (1.) The Lusiands. 2 vols., 1879. (2.) Life of Camoens and Commentary. 1882. (3.) The Lyrics. 1884. 61. Kasidah. 1880. 62. Visit to Lissa and Pelagoza. [704] 1880. 63. A Glance at the Passion Play. 1881. 64. How to deal with the Slave Scandal in Egypt. 1881. 65. Thermae of Monfalcone. 1881. 66. Lord Beaconsfield, a Sketch. Pp. 12. 1882? 67. To the Gold Coast for Gold. By Burton and Verney Lovett Cameron. 2 vols., 1883. 68. Stone Implements from the Gold Coast. By Burton and Cameron. 1883. 69. Publications of the Kama Shastra Society:-- The Kama Sutra. 1883. The Ananga Ranga. 1885. The Arabian Nights. 1885-1886. The Scented Garden. 1886. The Beharistan. 1887. The Gulistan. 1888. The Nigaristan, etc. (Unpublished.) 70. The Book of the Sword. 1884. 71. The Thousand Nights and a Night. 1st vol., 12th September 1885. 10th vol., 12th July 1886. 72. Il Pentamerone. Translated. Printed in 2 vols., 1892. 73. Iracema or Honey Lips; and Manuel de Moraes the Convert. Translated from the Brazilian. 1886. 74. Six Months at Abbazia. By Burton and Lady Burton. 1888. 75. Lady Burton's Edition of The Arabian Nights. 6 vols. 1888. 76. Supplemental Volumes to The Arabian Nights. 1st vol., 1st December 1886. 6th vol., 1st August 1888. 77. The Scented Garden. Translated. 1888-1890. 78. Catullus. (Translated 1890. Printed 1894). 79. The Golden Ass, and other Works. Left unfinished. 80. Priapeia. 1890.

Posthumous Publications

81. Morocco and the Moors. By Henry Leared. Edited by Burton. Printed 1891. 82. Il Pentamerone; or the Tale of Tales. 2 vols., 1893. 83. The Kasidah. An edition of 100 copies. 84. Life of Sir Richard Burton, by Lady Burton. 1893. 85. Catullus. Printed 1894. 86. Library Edition of The Arabian Nights. 87. The Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam. Printed 1898. 88. Wanderings in Three Continents. 1901.

Appendix II

List of works included in the "Memorial Edition" of Burton's works. Only 7 vols. appeared.

1. Pligrimage to Al Medinah and Meccah. Vol. i., 1893. 2. " " " Vol. ii. " 3. Mission to Gelele. Vol. i., 1893. 4. " " Vol. ii., " 5. Vikram and the Vampire. 1893. 6. First Footsteps in East Africa. Vol. i., 1894. 7. " " Vol. ii.

Appendix III

List of Biographies of Sir Richard Burton and Lady Burton.

By A. B. Richards, A. Wilson and St. Clair Baddeley. 1886. By F. Hitchman. 2 vols., 1887. By Lady Burton. 2 vols., 1893. By Miss G. M. Stisted. 1896. By W. J. Wilkins (The Romance of Isabel Lady Burton). 2 vols., 1897. By Thomas Wright. 2 vols., 1906.

Appendix IV

Extracts relating to Burton

From the Index to the Publications of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, including the Journal and Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London (1843-1871); the Journal and Memoirs of the Anthropological Society of London (1863-1871); the Anthropological Review; and the Journal of the Anthropological Institute (1871-1891).

On the Akkas. Title only, with Remarks by E. B. Tylor. 27th March 1888. J.A.I., [705] xviii., 121. On Anthropological Collections from the Holy Land. With Discussion. 20th November 1871. 3 plates. J.A.I., 300-312, 319, 320. No. II. With Discussion. 4th December 1871. (2 plates). J.A.I., i., 331-345. No. III. (Notes on the Hamah Stones, with Reduced Transcripts.) With Discussion. 4th March 1872. (10 plates.) J.A.I., ii., 41-52, 62, 63. A Day among the Fans. 17th February 1863. T.E.S., [706] iii., 36-47. A Day among the Fans. A.R., [707] i., 43-54. A Day among the Fans. Discussion. 24th March, 1863. A.R., i., 185. Ethnological Notes on M. du Chaillu's Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa. T.E.S. i., 316-326. Farewell Dinner given by the Anthropological Society to R. F. B. before his departure for South America, 4th April, 1865. A.R., iii., 167-182. Flint Flakes from Egypt. 13th November 1877. (Wood cut.) J.A.I., vii., 323, 324. On an Hermaphrodite from the Cape de Verde Islands. Notice only. 17th April 1866. A.R., iv. J.A.S., [708] p. cl. xxv. On Human Remains and other Articles from Iceland. With Discussion. 19th November 1872. J.A.I., ii., 342-344, 346, 347. Kitchen-Midden in Brazil. Anthrop. [709] 44. Letter. 15th May 1866. A.R. iv., J.A.S., pp. cxciii., cxciv. Letter. Antrop., 2, 3. The Long Wall of Salona and the Ruined Cities of Pharia and Gelsa di Lesina. With Discussion. 8th July 1875. (2 plates and woodcut.) J.A.I., v., 252-299. A Mission to Dahome. Review by W. W. Reade. A.R. ii., 335. Notes on the Castellieri or Prehistoric Ruins of the Istrian Peninsula. Anthrop., 376. Notes on Certain Matters connected with the Dahoman. 1st November 1864. M.A.S., [710] i., 308-321. Discussion on ditto. A.R., iii., J.A.S., pp. vi.-xi. Notes on an Hermaphrodite. 1st May 1866. M.A.S., 262-263. Notes on Scalping. A.R., ii., 49-52. Notes on Waitz's Anthropology. A.R., ii., 233-250. Obituary Notice. By E.W. Brabrook. J.A.I., xx., 295-298. The Pelagosa Finds. Title only. 14th March 1876. J.A.I., vi., 54. The Present State of Dahome. 22nd November 1864. T.E.S., iii., 400-408. The Primoridal Inhabitants of Minas Geraes, and the Occupations of the Present Inhabitants. With Discussion. 7th January, 1873. J.A.I., ii., 407-423. Reply to letter on Castellieri dell'Istria. Anthrop., 412. On Slavery in Brazil. A.R., vi., 56. Stones and Bones from Egypt and Midian. 10th December 1878. (2 plates.) J.A.I., viii., 290-319. A Word to the Reader. Anthrop., 375. Captain Burton. A.R., vi., 462, Yabrud. Captain Burton's Collection. By Dr. C. Carter Blake. J.A.I., ii., 58. Marcy, Randolph B. (Captain U.S. Army), The Prairie Traveller. Edited by Burton. Review. A.R., i., 145-149. On Skulls from Annabom in the West African Seas. By Burton and C. Blake. 19th April 1864. A.R., ii., J.A.S., pp. ccxxx., ccxxxi. Burton and Cameron on Stone implements from the Gold Coast. With Discussion. 11th July 1882. (Plate.) J.A.I., xii., 449-454. Burton and Antonio Scampecchio (LL.D.) and Antonio Covaz. More Castellieri (The Seaboard of Istria). 13th November 1877. J.A.I., vii., 341-363. Burton's Explorations in the Brazil. Review. A.R., vii., 170.

Appendix V

Bibliography of Foster FitzGerald Arbuthnot

1. Early Ideas. A group of Hindoo Stories. Collected by an Aryan. 1881. 2. Persian Portraits. A Sketch of Persian History, Literature and Politics. 1887. 3. Arabic Authors. A Manual of Arabian History and Literature. 1890. 4. The Rauzat-us-safa.... By Muhammed ibu Khavendshah bin Mahmud, commonly called Mirkhond. Edited by F. F. Arbuthnot. 1891. 5. The Assemblies of Al Hariri.... Prefaced and indexed by F. F. Arbuthnot. 8. 1898. 6. The Mysteries of Chronology. 1900. 7. Life of Balzac. Unpublished. 1902.

Appendix VI

Bibliography of F. Steingass

1. English Arabic Dictionary, for the use of both travelers and students. pp. viii., 466. 1882. 2. The Student's Arabic-English Dictionary. pp. xvi., 1242. 1884. 3. An Arabic Reading Book, by A. R. Birdwood, with preliminary remarks by F. Steingass. 1890. 4. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary.... Being Johnson and Richardson's Dictionary revised by F. Steingass. 1892. 5. The last twenty-four Makamats of Abu Muhammad al Kasim al Hariri, forming Vol. ii.; Chenery's translation of the first twenty-four Makamats is sold with it as Vol. i. 1898.

Appendix VII

Bibliography of John Payne [711]

1. The Masque of Shadows and other Poems. 1870. 2. Intaglios; Sonnets. 1871. 3. Songs of Life and Death. 1872. 4. Lautrec: A Poem. 1878. 5. The Poems of Francois Villon. 1878. 6. New Poems. 1880. 7. The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night. Nine vols. 1882-4. 8. Tales from the Arabic. 3 vols. 1884. 9. The Decameron of Boccaccio. 3 vols. 1886. 10. Alaeddin and Zein ul Asnam. 1889. 11. The Novels of Matteo Bandello. 6 vols. 1890. 12. The Quatrains of Omar Kheyyam. 1898. 13. The Poems of Hafiz. 3 vols. 1901. 14. Collected Poems. (1862-1902). 2 vols. 1902. 15. Vigil and Vision. New Sonnets. 1903. 16. Songs of Consolation. New Lyrics. 1904. 17. Hamid the Luckless and other Tales in Verse. 1904.

Appendix VIII

Notes on Rehatsek's Translation of the Beharistan

The Beharistan consists of eight chapters: 1. Aromatic Herbs from the Life of Shaikh Junaid, etc.--a glorification of Sufism. 2. Philosophical Ana. 3. The Blooming Realms by Wisdom. 4. The Trees of Liberality and Generosity. 5. Tender State of the Nightingale of the Garden of Love. 6. Breezes of Jocular Sallies. 7. Signing Birds of Rhyme and Parrots of Poetry. 8. Animal Fables. We give the following as specimens of the Stories: First Garden, pp. 14 and 15.

Story

Bayazid having been asked what the traditional and the divine law amounted to, he replied that the former is to abandon the world, and the latter to associate with the Lord. [These two laws are the Sonna and the Farz.]

Verses

O thou who concerning the law of the men of the period Askest about the traditional and divine command; The first is to turn the soul from the world away, The second is to find the way of proximity to the Lord.

Story

Shebli (may his secret be sanctified) having become demented was taken to the hospital and visited by acquaintances. He asked who they were, and they replied: "Thy friends," whereon he took up a stone and assaulted them. They all began to run away, but he exclaimed:--"O pretenders, return. Friends do not flee from friends, and do not avoid the stones of their violence."

Verses

He is a friend, who although meeting with enmity From his friend, only becomes more attached to him. If he strikes him with a thousand stones of violence The edifice of his love will only be made more firm by them.

Appendix IX

Notes on the Nigaristan and Other Unpublished Translations by Rehatsek, Presented to the Royal Asiatic Society by F. F. Arbuthnot.

1. The Nigaristan (Picture Gallery), by Mu'in-uddin Jawini. Faithfully translated from the Persian by E. Rehatsek. 1888.

The Preface is by Arbuthnot. He points out that there are three great Persian didactic works, viz.:--The Gulistan, or Rose Garden, by Sadi; The Nigaristan by Jawini; and The Beharistan by Jami. The Nigaristan contains 534 stories in prose and verse. Some particulars of it are given in Arbuthnot's Persian Portraits (Quaritch, 1887), p. 106. "These three books," to use Arbuthnot's works, "abound in pure and noble sentiments such as are to be found scattered throughout the Sacred Books of the East, the Old and New Testaments, and the Koran."

The two following extracts will give some idea of the contents and style of the Nigaristan:

Zohra [712]

If Zohra plays the guitar a thousand years, The musician's song will always be this: Try to become the subject of a good tale, Since everyone who lives becomes a tale.

Fath Mousuli's Prayer

After having been very prosperous and rich, Fath Mousuli fell into poverty and misery. After a while, however, when he had accustomed himself more to his position, he said, "O Lord, send me a revelation that I may know by what act I have deserved this gift, so that I may offer thanks for this favour."

2. Translations from the Persian, by the late E. Rehatsek.
i. A Persian Tract on the observances of the Zenanah, pp. 1 to
10.
ii. A Persian Essay on Hospitality, or Etiquette of Eating and
Drinking, pp. 20 to 29.
iii. A short Persian Manuscript on Physiognomies, pp. 1 to 8.

The last consists of a preface and ten chapters. "These leaves," we are told, "are the compendium of a treatise written by the Ema'n Fakhr-al-din Al-Ra'zy--may God overwhelm him with forgiveness-- on the Science of Physiognomies." We are told how the abode influences character; when the character of a man corresponds with that of a beast; that "the index of the dominant passion is the face;" that "the male is among all animals stronger and more perfect than the female," and so on.

A short quotation must suffice:

"When does the character of a man correspond to that of a beast?"

"If a man has a long face, protuberant eyes, and the tip of his nose long, drawn out like the snout of a dog, because as we have explained above, external appearances and internal qualities are closely connected with each other, so that if a man happens to resemble some animal he will possess the nature of it also."

3. Translations from the Persian and Arabic, by the late E. Rehatsek. Persian. i. Short anecdotes, stories and fables picked out and translated from the Nuzhat al Yaman, pp. 1 to 7. ii. The Merzuban Namah, from which animal fables have been translated, pp. 7 to 21. Arabic. i. Selected historical and other extracts from the celebrated Arabic work, Al Moustairaf, pp. 1 to 5. ii. Some extracts from the well-known Siraj-ul-moluk, pp. 5 to 7. iii. Twenty-five chapters of Extracts from the Arabic Tuhfat ekhoan us safa, under the title of "Discussion between man and animals before the King of the Jinns," pp. 7 to 33.

4. Biography of our Lord Muhammed, Apostle of Allah (Benediction of Allah and peace be on him).

According to the tradition of A'bdu-l-Malik Ebn Hasham, obtained from Muhammed Ebn Esahag. Translated from the Arabic by Edward Rehatsek. Preface by F. F. Arbuthnot.

There is some account of this work in F. F. Arbuthnot's Arabic Authors, pp. 52 and 53.

Appendix X

W. F. Kirby

William Forsell Kirby, F.L.S., F.E.S., is the son of Samuel Kirby, banker, and his wife Lydia, nee Forsell; nephew of William Kirby, well-known in connection with the London Orphan Asylum; and cousin to the popular authoresses, Mary and Elizabeth Kirby. Born at Leicester, 14th January 1844. He was assistant in the museum of Royal Dublin Society (later National Museum of Science and Art) from 1867 to 1879, and later was transferred to the Zoological Department of the British Museum. He is member of several learned societies, and has written a large number of Entomological Works. He has made a special study of the European editions of the Arabian Nights and its imitations, and has a very fine collection of books relating to this subject. To his contributions to Sir Richard Burton's translation we have already alluded. He has also written Ed-Dimiryaht and other poems (1867); The New Arabian Nights (1883); and The Hero of Esthonia (1905); and his translation of the Kalevala is in the press. Mr. Kirby married in 1866, Johanna Maria Kappel, who died in 1893, leaving one son, William E. Kirby, M.D.

Appendix 11

Genealogical Table. The Burtons of Shap

{Unable to reproduce the table.}

Footnotes:

[Footnote 1: The few anecdotes that Lady Burton does give are taken from the books of Alfred B. Richards and others.]

[Footnote 2: Lady Burton to Mrs. E. J. Burton, 23rd March 1891. See Chapter xxxix.]

[Footnote 3: A three days' visit to Brighton, where I was the guest of Mrs. E. J. Burton, is one of the pleasantest of my recollections.]

[Footnote 4: Mrs. Van Zeller had, in the first instance, been written to, in my behalf, by Mrs. E. J. Burton.]

[Footnote 5: It is important to mention this because a few months ago a report went the round of the newspapers to the effect that the tomb was in ruins.]

[Footnote 6: See Chapter xvii.]

[Footnote 7: It is as if someone were to write "Allah is my shepherd, I shall not want," &c., &c.,--here and there altering a word--and call it a new translation of the Bible.]

[Footnote 8: See almost any 'Cyclopaedia. Of the hundreds of person with whom I discussed the subject, one, and only one, guessed how matters actually stood--Mr. Watts-Dunton.]

[Footnote 9: Between Payne and Burton on the one side and the adherents of E. W. Lane on the other.]

[Footnote 10: At the very outside, as before stated, only about a quarter of it can by any stretch of the imagination be called his.]

[Footnote 11: Burton's work on this subject will be remembered.]

[Footnote 12: 31st July 1905.]

[Footnote 13: See Chapters xxii. to xxix. and xxxv. He confessed to having inserted in The Arabian Nights a story that had no business there. See Chapter xxix., 136.]

[Footnote 14: Thus she calls Burton's friend Da Cunha, Da Gama, and gives Arbuthnot wrong initials.]

[Footnote 15: I mean in a particular respect, and upon this all his friends are agreed. But no man could have had a warmer heart.]

[Footnote 16: Particularly pretty is the incident of the families crossing the Alps, when the children get snow instead of sugar.]

[Footnote 17: Particularly Unexplored Syria and his books on Midian.]

[Footnote 18: It will be noticed, too, that in no case have I mentioned where these books are to be found. In fact, I have taken every conceivable precaution to make this particular information useless except to bona-fide students.]

[Footnote 19: I am not referring to "Chaucerisms," for practically they do not contain any. In some two hundred letters there are three Chaucerian expressions. In these instances I have used asterisks, but, really, the words themselves would scarcely have mattered. There are as plain in the Pilgrim's Progress.]

[Footnote 20: I have often thought that the passage "I often wonder... given to the world to-day," contains the whole duty of the conscientious biographer in a nutshell.]

[Footnote 21: Of course, after I had assured them that, in my opinion, the portions to be used were entirely free from matter to which exception could be taken.]

[Footnote 22: In the spelling of Arabic words I have, as this is a Life of Burton, followed Burton, except, of course, when quoting Payne and others. Burton always writes 'Abu Nowas,' Payne 'Abu Nuwas,' and so on.]

[Footnote 23: Conclusion of The Beharistan.]

[Footnote 24: They came from Shap.]

[Footnote 25: Thus there was a Bishop Burton of Killala and an Admira Ryder Burton. See Genealogical Tree in the Appendix.]

[Footnote 26: Mrs. Burton made a brave attempt in 1875, but could never fill the gap between 1712 and 1750.]

[Footnote 27: Now the residence of Mr. Andrew Chatto, the publisher.]

[Footnote 28: In 1818 the Inspector writes in the Visitors' Book: "The Bakers seldom there." Still, the Bakers gave occasional treats to the children, and Mrs. Baker once made a present of a new frock to each of the girls.]

[Footnote 29: Not at Elstree as Sir Richard Burton himself supposed and said, and as all his biographers have reiterated. It is plainly stated in the Elstree register that he was born at Torquay.]

[Footnote 30: The clergyman was David Felix.]

[Footnote 31: Weare's grave is unmemorialled, so the spot is known only in so far as the group in the picture indicates it.]

[Footnote 32: He died 24th October 1828, aged 41; his wife died 10th September 1848. Both are buried at Elstree church, where there is a tablet to their memory.]

[Footnote 33: For a time Antommarchi falsely bore the credit of it.]

[Footnote 34: Maria, 18th March 1823; Edward, 31st August 1824.]

[Footnote 35: Beneath is an inscription to his widow, Sarah Baker, who died 6th March, 1846, aged 74 years.]

[Footnote 36: Her last subscription to the school was in 1825. In 1840 she lived in Cumberland Place, London.]

[Footnote 37: The original is now in the possession of Mrs. Agg, of Cheltenham.]

[Footnote 38: Wanderings in West Africa, ii. P. 143.]

[Footnote 39: Life, i. 29.]

[Footnote 40: Goldsmith's Traveller, lines 73 and 74.]

[Footnote 41: Life, i. 32.]

[Footnote 42: It seems to have been first issued in 1801. There is a review of it in The Anti-Jacobin for that year.]

[Footnote 43: She was thrown from her carriage, 7th August 1877, and died in St. George's Hospital.]

[Footnote 44: Life, by Lady Burton, i. 67.]

[Footnote 45: Dr. Greenhill (1814-1894), physician and author of many books.]

[Footnote 46: Vikram and the Vampire, Seventh Story, about the pedants who resurrected the tiger.]

[Footnote 47: He edited successively The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Advertiser, wrote plays and published several volumes of poetry. He began The Career of R. F. Burton, and got as far as 1876.]

[Footnote 48: City of the Saints, P. 513.]

[Footnote 49: Short died 31st May 1879, aged 90.]

[Footnote 50: In Thomas Morton's Play Speed the Plough, first acted in 1800.]

[Footnote 51: Grocers.]

[Footnote 52: Life, i. 81.]

[Footnote 53: Or so he said. The President of Trinity writes to me: "He was repaid his caution money in April 1842. The probability is that he was rusticated for a period." If so, he could have returned to Oxford after the loss of a term or two.]

[Footnote 54: He died 17th November 1842, aged 65.]

[Footnote 55: Robert Montgomery 1807-1855.]

[Footnote 56: "My reading also ran into bad courses--Erpenius, Zadkiel, Falconry, Cornelius Agrippa"--Burton's Autobiographical Fragment.]

[Footnote 57: Sarah Baker (Mrs. Francis Burton), Georgiana Baker (Mrs. Bagshaw).]

[Footnote 58: Sind Revisited. Vol. ii. pp. 78-83.]

[Footnote 59: 5th May 1843. He was first of twelve.]

[Footnote 60: "How," asked Mr. J. F. Collingwood of him many years after, "do you manage to learn a language so rapidly and thoroughly?" To which he replied: "I stew the grammar down to a page which I carry in my pocket. Then when opportunity offers, or is made, I get hold of a native--preferably an old woman, and get her to talk to me. I follow her speech by ear and eye with the keenest attention, and repeat after her every word as nearly as possible, until I acquire the exact accent of the speaker and the true meaning of the words employed by her. I do not leave her before the lesson is learnt, and so on with others until my own speech is indistinguishable from that of the native."--Letter from Mr. Collingwood to me, 22nd June 1905.]

[Footnote 61: The Tota-kahani is an abridgment of the Tuti-namah (Parrot-book) of Nakhshabi. Portions of the latter were translated into English verse by J. Hoppner, 1805. See also Anti-Jacobin Review for 1805, p. 148.]

[Footnote 62: Unpublished letter to Mr. W. F. Kirby, 8th April 1885. See also Lib. Ed. of The Arabian Nights, viii., p. 73, and note to Night V.]

[Footnote 63: This book owes whatever charm it possesses chiefly to the apophthegms embedded in it. Thus, "Even the gods cannot resist a thoroughly obstinate man." "The fortune of a man who sits, sits also." "Reticence is but a habit. Practise if for a year, and you will find it harder to betray than to conceal your thoughts."

[Footnote 64: Now it is a town of 80,000 inhabitants.]

[Footnote 65: Sind Revisited, i. 100.]

[Footnote 66: "The first City of Hind." See Arabian Nights, where it is called Al Mansurah, "Tale of Salim." Burton's A. N., Sup. i., 341. Lib Ed. ix., 230.]

[Footnote 67: Mirza=Master. Burton met Ali Akhbar again in 1876. See chapter xviii., 84.]

[Footnote 68: Yoga. One of the six systems of Brahmanical philosophy, the essence of which is meditation. Its devotees believe that by certain ascetic practices they can acquire command over elementary matter. The Yogi go about India as fortune-tellers.]

[Footnote 69: Burton used to say that this vice is prevalent in a zone extending from the South of Spain through Persia to China and then opening out like a trumpet and embracing all aboriginal America. Within this zone he declared it to be endemic, outside it sporadic.]

[Footnote 70: Burton's Arabian Nights, Terminal Essay, vol. x. pp. 205, 206, and The Romance of Isabel Lady Burton, by W. H. Wilkins, ii., 730.]

[Footnote 71: Married in 1845.]

[Footnote 72: She died 6th March 1846, aged 74.]

[Footnote 73: He died 5th October 1858. See Sind Revisited, ii. 261.]

[Footnote 74: Camoens, born at Lisbon in 1524, reached Goa in 1553. In 1556 he was banished to Macao, where he commenced The Lusiads. He returned to Goa in 1558, was imprisoned there, and returned to Portugal in 1569. The Lusiads appeared in 1572. He died in poverty in 1580, aged 56.]

[Footnote 75: The Arabian Nights.]

[Footnote 76: Who was broken on the wheel by Lord Byron for dressing Camoens in "a suit of lace." See English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.]

[Footnote 77: Begun at Goa 1847, resumed at Fernando Po 1860-64, continued in Brazil and at Trieste. Finished at Cairo 1880.]

[Footnote 78: Napier was again in India in 1849. In 1851 he returned to England, where he died 29th August 1853, aged 71.]

[Footnote 79: Life of Sir Charles Napier, by Sir W. Napier.]

[Footnote 80: The Beharistan, 1st Garden.]

[Footnote 81: She married Col. T. Pryce Harrison. Her daughter is Mrs. Agg, of Cheltenham.]

[Footnote 82: She died 10th September 1848, and is buried at Elstree.]

[Footnote 83: Elisa married Colonel T. E. H. Pryce.]

[Footnote 84: That is from Italy, where his parents were living.]

[Footnote 85: Sir Henry Stisted, who in 1845 married Burton's sister.]

[Footnote 86: India, some 70 miles from Goa.]

[Footnote 87: His brother.]

[Footnote 88: The Ceylonese Rebellion of 1848.]

[Footnote 89: See Chapter iii., 11.]

[Footnote 90: See Arabian Nights, Terminal Essay D, and The Romance of Isabel Lady Burton, vol. ii., p. 730.]

[Footnote 91: His Grandmother Baker had died in 1846.]

[Footnote 92: The Pains of Sleep.]

[Footnote 93: Byron: Childe Harold, iv. 56.]

[Footnote 94: Ariosto's Orlando was published in 1516; The Lusiads appeared in 1572.]

[Footnote 95: Temple Bar, vol. xcii., p. 335.]

[Footnote 96: As did that of the beauty in The Baital-Pachisi--Vikram and the Vampire. Meml. Ed., p. 228.]

[Footnote 97: Tale of Abu-el-Husn and his slave girl, Tawaddud.--The Arabian Nights.]

[Footnote 98: Life, i., 167.]

[Footnote 99: She became Mrs. Segrave.]

[Footnote 100: See Burton's Stone Talk, 1865. Probably not "Louise" at all, the name being used to suit the rhyme.]

[Footnote 101: Mrs. Burton was always very severe on her own sex.]

[Footnote 102: See Stone Talk.]

[Footnote 103: See Chapter x.]

[Footnote 104: The original, which belonged to Miss Stisted, is now in the possession of Mr. Mostyn Pryce, of Gunley Hall.]

[Footnote 105: Of course, since Arbuthnot's time scores of men have taken the burden on their shoulders, and translations of the Maha-Bharata, the Ramayana, and the works of Kalidasa, Hafiz, Sadi, and Jami, are now in the hands of everybody.]

[Footnote 106: Preface to Persian Portraits.]

[Footnote 107: Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah, Memorial Ed., vol. i., p. 16.]

[Footnote 108: Burton dedicated to Mr. John Larking the 7th volume of The Arabian Nights.]

[Footnote 109: Haji Wali in 1877 accompanied Burton to Midian. He died 3rd August 1883, aged 84. See Chapter xx.]

[Footnote 110: He died at Cairo, 15th October 1817.]

[Footnote 111: That is, in the direction of Mecca.]

[Footnote 112: Pilgrimage, Memorial Ed., i., 116.]

[Footnote 113: See Preface to The Kasidah, Edition published in 1894.]

[Footnote 114: Pilgrimage, Memorial Ed., i., 165.]

[Footnote 115: A chieftain celebrated for his generosity. There are several stories about him in The Arabian Nights.]

[Footnote 116: An incrementative of Fatimah.]

[Footnote 117: Burton says of the Arabs, "Above all their qualities, personal conceit is remarkable; they show it in their strut, in their looks, and almost in every word. 'I am such a one, the son of such a one,' is a common expletive, especially in times of danger; and this spirit is not wholly to be condemned, as it certainly acts as an incentive to gallant actions."--Pilgrimage, ii, 21., Memorial Ed.]

[Footnote 118: Pilgrimage to Meccah, Memorial Ed., i., 193.]

[Footnote 119: A creation of the poet Al-Asma'i. He is mentioned in The Arabian Nights.]

[Footnote 120: How this tradition arose nobody seems to know. There are several theories.]

[Footnote 121: It is decorated to resemble a garden. There are many references to it in the Arabian Nights. Thus the tale of Otbah and Rayya (Lib. Ed., v., 289) begins "One night as I sat in the garden between the tomb and the pulpit."

[Footnote 122: Pilgrimage to Meccah (Mem. Ed., i., 418).]

[Footnote 123: Mohammed's son-in-law.]

[Footnote 124: Mohammed's wet nurse.]

[Footnote 125: Son of Mohammed and the Coptic girl Mariyah, sent to Mohammed as a present by Jarih, the Governor of Alexandria.]

[Footnote 126: Khadijah, the first wife, lies at Mecca.]

[Footnote 127: Known to us chiefly through Dr. Carlyle's poor translation. See Pilgrimage, ii., 147.]

[Footnote 128: Here am I.]

[Footnote 129: Readers of The Arabian Nights will remember the incident in the Story of the Sweep and the Noble Lady. "A man laid hold of the covering of the Kaaba, and cried out from the bottom of his heart, saying, I beseech thee, O Allah, etc."

[Footnote 130: See Genesis xxi., 15.]

[Footnote 131: The stone upon which Abraham stood when he built the Kaaba. Formerly it adjoined the Kaaba. It is often alluded to in The Arabian Nights. The young man in The Mock Caliph says, "This is the Place and thou art Ibrahim."

[Footnote 132: See also The Arabian Nights, The Loves of Al-Hayfa and Yusuf, Burton's A.N. (Supplemental), vol. v.; Lib. Ed., vol. xi., p. 289.]

[Footnote 133: Burton's A.N., v., 294; Lib. Ed., iv., 242.]

[Footnote 134: See Chapter ix.]

[Footnote 135: Sporting Truth.]

[Footnote 136: The reader may believe as much of this story as he likes.]

[Footnote 137: The man was said to have been killed in cold blood simply to silence a wagging tongue.]

[Footnote 138: See Shakespeare's King John, act i., scene i.]

[Footnote 139: Burton's translation of the Lusiads, vol. ii., p. 425.]

[Footnote 140: Although Burton began El Islam about 1853, he worked at it years after. Portions of it certainly remind one of Renan's Life of Jesus, which appeared in 1863.]

[Footnote 141: To some of the beauties of The Arabian Nights we shall draw attention in Chapter 27.]

[Footnote 142: Of course both Payne and Burton subsequently translated the whole.]

[Footnote 143: First Footsteps in East Africa. (The Harar Book.) Memorial Ed., p. 26.]

[Footnote 144: Esther, vi., 1.]

[Footnote 145: Boulac is the port of Cairo. See Chapter xi..]

[Footnote 146: Zeyn al Asnam, Codadad, Aladdin, Baba Abdalla, Sidi Nouman, Cogia Hassan Alhabbal, Ali-Baba, Ali Cogia, Prince Ahmed and the Fairy Peri-Banou, The two Sisters who were jealous of their Cadette.]

[Footnote 147: Edward William Lane (1801-1876). He is also remembered on account of his Arabic Lexicon. Five volumes appeared in 1863-74, the remainder by his grand-nephew Stanley Lane-Poole, in 1876-1890.]

[Footnote 148: Every student, however, must be grateful to Lane for his voluminous and valuable notes.]

[Footnote 149: Lady Burton states incorrectly that the compact was made in the "winter of 1852," but Burton was then in Europe.]

[Footnote 150: My authorities are Mr. John Payne, Mr. Watts-Dunton and Burton's letters. See Chapter 22, 104, and Chapter 23, 107.]

[Footnote 151: It was prophesied that at the end of time the Moslem priesthood would be terribly corrupt.]

[Footnote 152: Later he was thoroughly convinced of the soundness of this theory. See Chapters xxii. to xxx.]

[Footnote 153: In the Koran.]

[Footnote 154: Burton's A.N., ii. 323; Lib. Ed., ii., p. 215.]

[Footnote 155: When the aloe sprouts the spirits of the deceased are supposed to be admitted to the gardens of Wak (Paradise). Arabian Nights, Lib. Ed., i. 127.]

[Footnote 156: To face it out.]

[Footnote 157: First Footsteps in East Africa, i., 196.]

[Footnote 158: First Footsteps in East Africa, ii., 31.]

[Footnote 159: The legend of Moga is similar to that of Birnam Wood's March, used by Shakespeare in Macbeth.]

[Footnote 160: The story of these adventures is recorded in First Footsteps in East Africa, dedicated to Lumsden, who, in its pages, is often apostrophised as "My dear L."

[Footnote 161: Afterwards Lord Strangford. The correspondence on this subject was lent me by Mr. Mostyn Pryce, who received it from Miss Stisted.]

[Footnote 162: The Traveller.]

[Footnote 163: Burton's Camoens, ii., 445.]

[Footnote 164: The marriage did not take place till 22nd January 1861. See Chapter x.]

[Footnote 165: This is now in the public library at Camberwell.]

[Footnote 166: In England men are slaves to a grinding despotism of conventionalities. Pilgrimage to Meccah, ii., 86.]

[Footnote 167: Unpublished letter to Miss Stisted, 23rd May 1896.]

[Footnote 168: We have given the stanza in the form Burton first wrote it--beginning each line with a capital. The appearance of Mombasa seems to have been really imposing in the time of Camoens. Its glory has long since departed.]

[Footnote 169: These little bags were found in his pocket after his death. See Chapter xxxviii.]

[Footnote 170: This story nowhere appears in Burton's books. I had it from Mr. W. F. Kirby, to whom Burton told it.]

[Footnote 171: The Lake Regions of Central Africa, 1860.]