Chapter XXVII: Book X: Life of Epicurus (4)

[104] This is a quotation from Homer, Od. x. 495. Pope’s Version, 586. The Greek here is, οἷος πέπνυται. The line in Homer stands:

οἵῳ πέπνυσθαι,—sc: πόρε περσεφόνεια.

[105] The argument by progression is the sorites. “The arrest” is the method of encountering the sorites, by taking some particular point at which to stop the admissions required by the sorites.

[106] The remainder of the life of Chrysippus is lost.

[107] See Herod. iv. 93.

[108] This resembles the account which Ovid puts into the mouth of Pythagoras, in the last book of his Metamorphoses, where he makes him say:—

Morte carent animæ, semperque priore relicta
Sede, novis domibus habitant vivuntque receptæ;
Ipse ego, nam memini, Trojani tempora belli,
Panthorides Euphorbus eram, cui pectore quondam
Hæsit in adverso gravis hasta minoris Atridæ:
Agnovi Clypeum lævæ gestamina nostræ
Nuper Abanteïs templo Junonis in Argis.

Which may be translated:—

Death has no pow’r th’ immortal soul to slay;
That, when its present body turns to clay,
Seeks a fresh home, and with unminish’d might
Inspires another frame with life and light.
So I myself, (well I the past recall)
When the fierce Greeks begirt Troy’s holy wall,
Was brave Euphorbus; and in conflict drear,
Poured forth my blood beneath Atrides’ spear:
The shield this arm did bear I lately saw
In Juno’s shrine, a trophy of that war.

[109] This passage has been interpreted in more ways than one. Casaubon thinks with great probability that there is a hiatus in the text. I have endeavoured to extract a meaning out of what remains. Compare Samuel ii. 16, 23. “And the counsel of Ahitophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God; so was all the counsel of Ahitophel both with David and with Absalom.”

[110] Zaleucus was the celebrated lawgiver of the Epizephyrian Locrians, and is said to have been originally a slave employed by a shepherd, and to have been set free and appointed lawgiver by the direction of an oracle, in consequence of his announcing some excellent laws, which he represented Minerva as having communicated to him in a dream. Diogenes, is wrong however, in calling him a disciple of Pythagoras (see Bentley on Phalaris), as he lived about a hundred years before his time; his true date being 660 B.C. The code of Zaleucus is stated to have been the first collection of written laws that the Greeks possessed. Their character was that of great severity. They have not come down to us. His death is said to have occurred thus. Among his laws was one forbidding any citizen to enter the senate house in arms, under the penalty of death. But in a sudden emergency, Zaleucus himself, in a moment of forgetfulness, transgressed his own law: on which he slew himself, declaring that he would vindicate his law. (Eustath. ad. Il. i. p. 60). Diodorus, however, tells the same story of Charondas.

[111] Charondas was a lawgiver of Catana, who legislated for his own city and the other towns of Chalcidian origin in Magna Grecia, such as Zancle, Naxos, Leontini, Eubœa, Mylæ, Himera, Callipolis, and Rhegium. His laws have not been preserved to us, with the exception of a few judgments. They were probably in verse, for Athenæus says that they were sung in Athens at banquets. Aristotle tells us that they were adapted to an aristocracy. It is much doubted whether it is really true that he was a disciple of Pythagoras, though we are not sure of his exact time, so that we cannot pronounce it as impossible as in the preceding case. He must have lived before the time of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium, who reigned from B.C. 494 to B.C. 476, because he abolished the laws of Charondas, which had previously been in force in that city. Diodorus gives a code of laws which he states that Charondas gave to the city of Thurii, which was not founded till B.C. 443, when he must certainly have been dead a long time. There is one law of his preserved by Stobæus, which is probably authentic, since it is found in a fragment of Theophrastus; enacting that all buying and selling shall be transacted by ready money only.

[112] This doctrine is alluded to doubtfully by Virgil, Georg. i. 247.

Illic, ut perhibent, aut intempesta silet nox
Semper, et obductâ densantur nocte tenebræ;
Aut redit a nobis Aurora, diemque reducit;
Nosque ubi primus equis oriens afflavit anhelis,
Illic sera rubens accendit lumina Vesper.

Thus translated by Dryden, l. 338:—

There, as they say, perpetual night is found,
In silence brooding o’er th’ unhappy ground.
Or when Aurora leaves our northern sphere,
She lights the downward heav’n and rises there;
And when on us she breathes the living light
Red Vesper kindles there the tapers of the night.

[113] νοῦς appears, in a division like this, to be the deliberative part of the mind; φρὴν, the rational part of the intellect: θυμὸς, that part with which the passions are concerned.

[114] There is a great variety of suggestions as to the proper reading here. There is evidently some corruption in the text.

[115] From παύω, to cause to cease, ἀνία, sorrow.

[116] It is impossible to give the force of this epigram in any other language. It is a pun on Ἄκρων, Ἀκράγας and ἄκρος. The last word meaning not only _high_, _lofty_, but also _eminent_, _very skilful_. The plain English would be:—“The lofty height of a most eminent country conceals Acron, a skilful physician of Acragas, the son of a skilful father.” The variation would be:—“A high tomb on a very high summit, conceals,” &c.

[117] This story is mentioned by Horace:—

Siculique poetæ,
Narrabo interitum; deus immortalis haberi,
Dum cupit Empedocles ardentem frigidus Ætnam,
Insiluit. A. P. 466.

[118] This is slightly parodied from Homer. Od. xi. 278. Pope’s Version, 337.

[119] There were three festivals of Bacchus at Athens at which dramatic contests took place, the Διονύσια κατ’ ἄγρους, or, “in the fields;” the Ληναῖα or τὰ ἐν Λίμναις, or “the marshes,” a part of the city near the Acropolis, in which was situated the Λήναιον, an enclosure dedicated to Bacchus; and the τὰ ἐν ἄστει, “in the city,” or τὰ μέγαλα Διονύσια. The comic contests usually took place at the second or Lenæan festivals. Sometimes also at the Great Dionysia.

[120] ἔνδοξος, glorious.

[121] According to Strabo, the descendants of Androclus, the founder of Ephesus (of which family Heraclitus came), bore the title of king, and had certain prerogatives and privileges attached to the title.

[122] There is probably some corruption in the text here.

[123] There is great obscurity and uncertainty of the text here. The reading translated is that of Huebner, πεφωρᾶσθαι. Some read πεπρᾶσθαι, _he_ seems to have abandoned the Pythagoreans. Others propose πεπρᾶχθαι. The French translator renders,—He had for enemies the Pythagoreans.

[124] See the account of Zeno the Cittiæan.

[125] See the life of Parmenides.

[126] There is evidently a considerable gap in the text here.

[127] As there is no such passage in Herodotus, Valckenær conjectures that we ought here to read Metrodorus.

[128] The Thesmophoria was a festival in honour of Ceres, celebrated in various parts of Greece; and only by married women; though girls might perform some of the ceremonies. Herodotus says, that it was introduced into Greece from Egypt, by the daughters of Danaus. The Attic Thesmophoria lasted probably three days, and began on the eleventh day of the month Pyanession; the first day was called ἄνοδος, or κάθοδος, from the women going in procession to Eleusis; the second νηστεία, or fasting; the third was called καλλιγένεια, as on that day Ceres was invoked under that name, and it was the day of merriment of the festival.

[129] Namely, reasoning well, expressing one’s self well, and acting well.

[130] This is thus embodied by Lucretius:—

Nam nihil e nihilo, in nihilum nîl posse reverti.

[131] Hom. Il. v. 340. Pope’s version, 422.

[132] Il. vi. 146.

[133] Il. xxi. 106. Pope’s version, 115.

[134] Homer, Il. xx. 248. Pope’s version, 294.

[135] There is too remarkable a similarity in this to Campbell’s lines:—

’Tis distance lends enchantment to the view,
And robes the mountains in their azure hue:

to allow one to pass it over without pointing it out.

[136] “Diogenes here appears (though, he gives no intimation of his doing so,) to be transcribing the reasonings of some one of the Sceptics.” _French Transl._

[137] That is to say, the harmony between intellect and the senses will not last long. Attagas and Numenius were two notorious brigands.

[138] That is, “trifler,” from κρίνω, to judge; and λῆρος, nonsensical talk.

[139] That is, flattering for gifts; from σαίνω, to wag the tail as a dog, to caress; and δῶρον, a gift.

[140] This sentence is a remark of Diogenes himself. There are several more of his observations in parentheses as we proceed.

[141] This is the argument in its completed form: “We can only form an idea of an atom by analogy, and analogy demonstrates to us that it is not of infinite littleness. In fact, let us compare it to the smallest particles recognisable by sense, and then let us endeavour to form an idea of these last. To do this we must take a term of comparison in complex objects, which are composed of various parts. Abstracting from these all other characteristics but that of extent, we see that these objects have dimensions, some greater and some less, measuring an extent which is greater or less as the case may be. The smallest sensible particle will then have its dimensions; it will measure the smallest possible sensible extent, that is to say, it will not be infinitely small. Applying this analogy to an atom, one comes to conceive it as measuring the smallest extent possible, but not as having no extent at all, which was what Epicurus wished to prove.”—_French Translator._

[142] This is a quotation from Theognis.

[143] From the Trachiniæ of Sophocles, 1784.

[144] There is some hopeless corruption in the text here. Nor has any one succeeded in making it intelligible. The French translator divides it into two maxims.

[145] There in some great corruption here again. The French translator takes 19, 20, and 21 all as one.

INDEX.

⁂ The Roman numerals refer to the sections, the Arabic figures to the pages.

ÆSCHINES, a rhetorician, vii. 80.
calumniated, iii. 79.
lectured at Athens, iv. 80.
son of a sausage seller, i. 79.

ALCMÆON, Crotona, his view of the soul, 371.

ANACHARSIS, inventions of, ii. 48.
letter to Crœsus, 49.
received by Solon, iii. 47.
return to Scythia, iv. 47.
sayings of, v. 47.
one of the wise, 46.

ANAXAGORAS, called MIND, i. 59.
epigrams on, x. 62.
first prose writer, viii. 61.
opinions of, iii. 59.
prosecuted for impiety, ix. 61.

ANAXARCHUS, called HAPPY, iii. 401.
intimate with Alexander, 400.
Nicocreon, his enemy, 401.

ANAXIMANDER, the astronomer, 57.

ANAXIMENES, letters to Pythagoras, 58.

Annicereans, their opinions, x. 92.

ANTISTHENES, doctrines of, v. 220.
founds a manly Stoic school, viii. 221.
love of life, x. 223.
pupil of Gorgias, ii. 217.
sayings of, iv. 218.
writings of, ix. 222.

ARCESILAUS, a favourite of Eumenes and Hierocles, xiv. 168.
an admirer of Plato, viii. 165.
a poet, iv. 164.
axiomatic and free-spoken, x. 165.
death from excess, x. 170.
disliked talkativeness, 166.
founder of the Middle Academy, ii. 163.
goes to Crantor, iii. 163.
letter to Thaumasias, xix. 170.
liberal with money, xiii. 167.
vices of, xvi. 168.

ARCHELAUS, 62.
a natural philosopher, ii. 62.
opinions on heat and cold, &c. iii. 63.
—— production of animals, iii. 63.

ARCHYTAS, general at Tarentum, 369.
letter to Plato and reply, iv. 369.
mathematician, vii. 370.

ARISTIPPUS, a favourite of Dionysius, iii. 81.
opinions of, on pain and pleasure, 90.
retorts, iv. 82.
school of philosophy, viii. 89.
sycophancy, iv. 82.
teaches for money, ii. 81.
wealth, iv. 82.
writings, vi. 88.

ARISTON, the bald, called SIREN, i. 318.
an eloquent philosopher, vi. 319.
his writings, vii. 319.

ARISTOTLE, apophthegms, xi. 187.
death from poison, vii. 182.
hymn to Hermias, 183.
leaves Plato, iv. 181.
lived in Philip’s court, vi. 182.
opinions, criterion of truth, 192.
—— friendship, 192.
—— God, 193.
—— philosophy, 191.
Plato’s most eminent pupil, ii. 181.
peripatetic, why so called, iv. 181.
scheme for early waking, x. 186.
school at Athens, vii. 182.
will of, ix. 185.
writings, many, xii. 189.

BIAS, the wise, 38.
declines the tripod, i. 38.
death of, in court, iv. 39.
eloquent and just as a lawyer, iii. 39.
a poet, v. 39.
sayings of, v. 39.
stratagem to save Priene, his native city, ii. 39.

BION, apophthegms of, iii. 172.
change of schools, iv. 173.
fear of death, x. 175.
fond of theatre, v. 174.
poverty of, i. 171.
selfishness of, ix. 174.

CARNEADES, his letters, viii. 178.
well read in Stoic lore, ii. 177.
industry of, iii. 178.
his fear of death, vii. 178.

CEBES, the Theban, 105.

CHARONDAS, account of, _note_, 345.

CHILO, the wise one of, 32.
brief in speech, v. 34.
death of, through joy, v. 34.
letter to Periander, v. 34.
opinion as to Cythera, iv. 33.
saying about suretyship, v. 34.
sayings of, ii. 33.

CHRYSIPPUS, his abilities, ii. 327.
his books, xii. 331.
his industry, iii. 328.
his questions, xi. 330.
a pupil of Cleanthes, i. 327.
his self-esteem, iv. 329.
said to be an indecent writer, xii. 331.

CLEANTHES, a boxer, 322.
books of, ii. 325.
called an ass, iv. 323.
poor and industrious, ii. 322.
slow of intellect, iii. 323.
starved himself, vii. 326.
wrote on oyster shells, &c. for want of paper, iv. 323.

CLEOBULUS, one of the wise men, 41.
apophthegms of, iv. 42.
letter to Solon, vi. 43.

CLITOMACHUS, disciple and successor of Carneades, 179.

CRANTOR, a poet, vi. 162.
a pupil of Polemo, iii. 161.
retires to temple of Æsculapius, iv. 161.

CRATES, a pupil of Polemo, 160.
lived with Crantor, iii. 160.
writings of, and disciples, iv. 161.

CRATES, a Theban cynic, 249.
his disposal of property, iv. 250.
his jesting with death, x. 252.
his indifference to public opinion, viii. 252.
his sayings, ix. 282.

CRITO, the Athenian, 103.

Cynics, doctrines of, iii. 257.
discard liberal studies, 257.
prefer ethics to logic, 257.
simplicity in living, 258.
virtue, the chief good, 258.
—— may be taught, 258.

Cyrenaics, a sect of the school of Aristippus, viii. 89.

DEMETRIUS, governor of Athens, ii. 209.
honoured and envied, viii. 209.
his reported blindness and restoration of sight, vii. 209.
statues erected to him, ii. 209.
sayings of, x. 211.
writings of, ix. 210.

DEMOCRITUS, pupil of the magi, 390.
death, xi. 390.
disregard of glory, v. 391.
—— of wealth, vii. 392.
doctrines of, xii. 394.
lowly life, vii. 392.
Plato’s dislike of him, viii. 393.
sagacity, stories of, x. 394.
writings of, xiii. 395.

Dialectics, the Stoics’ doctrine of, xxxv. 275.

DIOGENES, accounts of his death, xi. 246.
anecdotes of him, vi. 228.
cynical sayings, 226.
lived in a cask, 225.
money changer, 224.
—— corrupted by him, i. 224.
neglect of music, vii. 245.
persuader, a skilful, x. 245.
poverty of, reconciled to, iii. 224.
pride and haughtiness of, iv. 225.
pupil of Antisthenes, ii. 224.
sold as a slave, ix. 245.
writings of, xii. 247.

DIOGENES of Apollonia, 400.
his chief doctrines, ii. 400.

DIONYSIUS, a pupil of Zeno, 321.
writings of, v. 321.

Druids, account of, _note_ 3.

Egyptian philosophy, vii. 9.

EMPEDOCLES, accused of pride, xi. 366.
doctrines of, xii. 368.
inventor of rhetoric, iii. 361.
liberality of, ix. 363.
pacifies the Agrigentines, xi. 366.
political career, ix. 363.
retires to Peloponnesus, x. 364.
story of his wonder working, xi. 365.
why called, wind-forbidder, v. 362.

EPICHARMUS, inscription on his statue, 368.

EPICURUS, an Athenian, 424.
his character, v. 427.
criteria of truth, 435.
said to be debauched, iii. 426.
rejected dialectics, 435.
Diotimus, a Stoic, opposes him, iii. 425.
doctrines, his, on affections, 447.
—— atoms, 439.
—— clouds, thunder, &c. 460.
—— comets, 464.
—— faults among men, 467.
—— forms and attributes, 449.
—— grief, 467.
—— heaven’s phenomena, 452, 458.
—— injuries among men, 466.
—— meteorological, 461.
—— opinion and supposition, 436.
—— passions, pleasure, and pain, 436.
—— pleasure, 471, 473.
—— production of things, 441.
—— self-production, 451.
—— stars, 464.
—— study of philosophy, 468.
—— universe, 439.
flattered Mithras, iii. 425.
fundamental maxims of, xxxi. 474.
letter of, to Herodotus, xxiv. 436.
—— Menœceus, xxvii. 468.
—— Pythocles, xxv. 455.
manner of his death, ix. 429.
plain language, his, viii. 428.
pupils, his, xi. 431.
virtue, why to be chosen, xxx. 473.
voluminous writings, xvii. 483.
will, his last, x. 429.
writings on natural philosophy, iv. 426.
youthful student, a, ix. 429.

EPIMENIDES, one of the wise men, 50.
built a temple at Athens, vi. 52.
honoured as a deity, xi. 53.
letter to Solon, ix. 52.
long life, his, story of, iv. 51.
long sleep, his, story of, ii. 50.
poems, and other writings, v. 51.
stays the plague at Athens, iii. 51.

Ethical philosophy, what, xiii. 12.
subdivisions, xiii. 12.

EUCLIDES, his followers, iv. 97.
opinions, ii. 97.
protector of Socrates, i. 97.

EUDOXUS, astronomer, geometrician, and lawgiver, 373.
inventor of theory of crooked lines, vi. 374.
writings of, iii. 373.

Fate, Stoics’ view of, lxxiv. 318.

Gymnosophistæ, what and who, i. 3.

GOD, Stoics’ view of, lxxii. 312.

Hegesiaci, a sect of the school of Aristippus, their opinions, ix. 91.

HERACLIDES, a Peripatetic, Pythagorean, and Platonist, by turns, ii. 213.
remarkable attempt to deceive at his death, ii. 215.
surnamed Pompicus from his dress and size, iii. 213.
writings of, iv. 213.

HERACLITUS, book on nature, v. 377.
epigrams on him, xii. 381.
esteemed by Darius Hystaspes, letters between them, ix. 380.
lofty and arrogant, 376.
misanthropic, iii. 376.

HIPPARCHIA, a female philosopher, in love with Crates the Cynic, 254.
Her contest with Theodorus, iii. 255.

HIPPASUS, a disciple of Pythagoras, 371.

Ionian school of philosophy, x. 10.

Italian school of philosophy, x. 10.

“Know thyself,” the apophthegm, xiii. 21.

LACYDES, founder of the New Academy, i. 176.
his death from excess, vi. 177.
his industry, ii. 176.

LEUCIPPUS, his chief doctrines, ii. 388.
pupil of Zeno the Eleatic, 388.

LYCON, an eloquent instructor of youth, i. 205.
delicacy in dress, iii. 206.
favourite of Eumenes and Attalus, iv. 206.
his will, ix. 206.

Magi, what and who, _note_, 3.

MELISSUS, his doctrine of universe, 386.

MENEDEMUS, his banquets, xv. 110.
his character, vi. 107.
his death, xviii. 112.
despised Plato, &c., xi. 109.
disciple of Phædo, 105.
endangered by his free speech, iv. 107.
friend of Antigonus, xvii. 111.
invention and readiness, xii. 109.
regardlessness of appearances, v. 107.
severe and rigid, iii. 106.
sent to Megara, but deserts, ii. 105.
thought highly of by his countrymen, xvi. 111.

MENEDEMUS, a superstitious Cynic, 267.

MENIPPUS, a Cynic, 253.
hangs himself, iii. 256.
writer of low ridicule, ii. 256.
writings, vi. 256.

METROCLES, pupil of Crates the Cynic, 253.
destroys himself, 254.

Mind, Stoics, doctrine of, lxxiii. 299.

MONIMUS, feigned madness, i. 248.
a pupil of Diogenes, 248.

MYSON, one of the wise men, 49.

Natural philosophy, what so called, xiii. 11.
Stoics’ account of, lxvii. 307.

ORPHEUS, not a philosopher, iv. 7.

ONESICRITUS, a pupil of Diogenes, 249.

PARMENIDES, first to speak of the earth as a sphere, ii. 384.
philosophized in poems, iii. 385.

PERIANDER, one of the wise men, his domestic crimes, 43.
his letter to Procles, viii. 46.
—— to the wise men, vii. 45.
—— from Thrasybulus, ix. 46.
sayings of, v. 45.
wish to conceal his grave, iii. 44.

PHÆDO, founder of the Eliac school, 96.

PHERECYDES, one of the wise men, 53.
epigrams on, vii. 55.
first writer on natural philosophy, ii. 54.
grave of, at Ephesus, iv. 54.
letter to Thales, viii. 56.
makes a sun-dial, vi. 55.

PHILOLAUS, a pupil of Pythagoras, 372.
aims at regal power, ii. 372.
book, his one, iv. 372.
first to describe the earth’s movement in a circle, iii. 372.

Philosophers, names of their sects, xii. 11.
who did not write, xi. 11.

Philosophy, arose among Greeks, iii. 6.
divisions of, xiii. 11.
earliest study of, i. 3.
two schools of, x. 10.
various kinds of, xi. 11.

PISISTRATUS, his letter to Solon, vi. 20.

PITTACUS, one of the wise men, 35.
advice about marrying, viii. 37.
death of, vi. 36.
forbearance of, iii. 35.
a general and soldier, i. 35.
honoured by his country, ii. 35.
lameness of, ix. 38.
letter to Crœsus, x. 38.
a poet, v. 36.
sayings of, iv. 36.

PLATO, academy, his, ix. 115.
account of his opinions, by Alcimus, 117.
aided by Epicharmus, a comic poet, xii. 116.
attachments, xxiii. 123.
—— to writings of Sophron, 119.
birth and early abode, ii. 113.
danger from Dionysius, xv. 120.
defends Chabrias, xviii. 121.
descent of, i. 113.
dialogues of, xxxv. 133.
disciples of, xxxi. 129.
disliked Aristippus, 126.
disliked by Xenophon, xxiv. 125.
education, his, v. 114.
epigrams on his tomb, 128.
epistles, his, xxxvi. 134.
marks in his books, xxxix. 136.
method of his argument, xxxii. 129.
opinions on arts, beauty, 144.
beneficence, 146.
contraries, 149.
discourse, 143.
entities divisible and undivisible, 150.
—— independent and relative, 150.
end of affairs, 146.
friendships, 141.
God and matter, 137.
good and evil, 140.
good counsel, 150.
good laws and lawlessness, 148.
the good, 148.
good things, 149.
happiness, 147.
justice, 142.
knowledge, 142.
law, 143.
medical science, 143.
music, 143.
noble birth, 144.
philanthropy, 147.
political constitutions, 141.
power, 147.
rhetoric, 145.
rule, 145.
the soul, 144.
things existing, 148.
virtue perfect, 144.
voice, 150.
opinions on his writings, xxv. 126.
refuses appointments from Arcadia and Thebes, xvii. 121.
ridiculed, xxii. 121.
Socrates’ dream of him, vii. 114.
system, his, made difficult on purpose, xxxviii. 135.
theory of ideas, 118.
valiant soldier, a, x. 115.
visits Sicily, volcanoes, xiv. 119.
what he taught, xix. 122.
where he first taught, viii. 114.
will, his last, xxx. 127.

POLEMO, his calmness, iv. 158.
epigram, viii. 160.
fond, of Sophocles, vii. 159.
imitated Xenocrates, vi. 159.
intemperate and profligate, 158.
much honoured, iv. 158.
rigorous system of morals, iv. 158.

POTAMO and his school, xiv. 13.

Potter’s wheel, invented by Anacharsis, viii. 48.

PROTAGORAS, method of arguing, his, iii. 397.
taught at a fixed price, 398.
works, his, v. 398.
wrecked in his way to Sicily, vii. 399.

PYRRHO, originally a painter, 402.
account of him, by Antigonus, 402.
arguing, ten modes of, ix. 409.
arguing, five others added by Agrippa, x. 412.
attached to Anaxarchus, ii. 402.
certainty not attainable, 414.
disciples, vii. 405.
—— called Sceptics from their doubting every thing, viii. 405.
eloquent, 403.
fortitude and economy, vi. 404.
good, natural, or natural evil, none, 417.
honoured by his country, 403.
impassiveness, vi. 404.
learning, no such thing, 417.
left no writings, 418.
motion, none, 417.
production, none, 417.
signs, invisible of visible things, 416.
signs, visible of visible things, none, 415.
system learned from his disciples, 418.
travelled to India, 402.

PYTHAGORAS, accounted a son of Mercury, iv. 339.
his works, v. 340.
community of property with friends, viii. 342.
division of life, vii. 342.
doctrine of monads, xix. 348.
founder of Italian philosophy, i. 338.
geometrician, xi. 342.
greatly admired, xv. 342.
initiated into mysteries, iii. 338.
introduced weights and measures to Greece, xiii. 344.
letter to Anaximenes, xxvi. 358.
manner of his death, xxi. 354.
opinions on nature, xix. 349.
practised divination, xviii. 346.
precepts, vi. 341.
—— as to worship, xix. 347.
prohibition as to food, xviii. 346.
ridiculed by Timon, xv. 353.
symbols, his, xvii. 345.
wife and son, xxii. 355.
worship of Apollo, xii. 343.

Schools of philosophy, xiii. 12.

Seven wise men, the, xiv. 21.

SIMIAS, the Theban, 105.

SIMON, the Athenian leather cutter, 104.

SOCRATES, an artificer, 64.
character, his, viii. 66.
contests, his, xxv. 74.
counsels and sayings, xvi. 69.
dæmon warnings, xvi. 69.
executed for opinions, the first philosopher who was, v. 64.
lamented by the Athenians, xxiii. 73.
persuasive power, xii. 68.
ransoms Phædo and teaches him philosophy, xiv. 68.
school, his, xxvi. 74.
saves Xenophon’s life, vii. 65.
serves in Xenophon’s army, vii. 65.
slaves, would not have, xiii. 68.
wives, his, xvii. 70.

SOLON, the wise, life of, 23.
apophthegms, his, xvi. 30.
counsels, his, xii. 29.
death of, xv. 29.
escapes from Athens, iv. 25.
excites Athens against Salamis, ii. 23.
inscription on his statue, xv. 29.
laws as to debts, i. 23.
laws, vii. 26.
letter to Crœsus, xx. 52.
—— Epimenides, xviii. 30.
—— Periander, xvii. 30.
—— Pisistratus, xix. 31.
means of preventing injustice, x. 28.
opposes Pisistratus, iii. 24.
poems, his, xiii. 29.
taught time by moon, xi. 28.

SPEUSIPPUS, a basket-maker, vi. 152.
commentaries, his, xi. 153.
passionate and voluptuous, 152.
Plato’s successor, 152.
puts an end to his life, ix. 153.

SPHÆRUS, at Alexandria, 326.
his books, iii. 327.

Stars, Stoics, doctrine of, lxxi. 311.

STILPO, his acuteness, ii. 100.
his dialogues, viii. 102.
his end, x. 103.
opinions on statues, v. 101.
politician, a, iii. 100.
rejects theory of species, vii. 102.
his simplicity, vi. 101.
visits Ptolemy Soter, iv. 101.

Stoics, doctrines of, xxxiii. 274.

STRATO, the natural philosopher, ii. 202.
Ptolemy Philadelphus, his pupil, iii. 202.
successor of Theophrastus, 202.
will, his last, vii. 203.
writings, his, iv. 203.

THALES, the wise, astronomical science studied and taught by him, ii. 14.
death of, xii. 20.
letter to Pherecydes, xv. 22.
—— Solon, xvi. 22.
sayings of, ix. 18.
star-gazing and falling into the ditch, viii. 18.
tripod awarded to him, vii. 16.
views of the soul, his, iii. 15.

Theodoreans, their opinions, xi. 93.

THEODORUS, a disciple of Aristippus, xv. 94.
banished for his opinions, xvi. 95.

THEOPHRASTUS, Aristotle’s pupil and friend, 194.
character of, iv. 194.
name, symbolic, vi. 195.
will, his last, xiv. 200.
writings, his, xiii. 196.

Thesmophoria, what, _note_, 394.

TIMON, of Phliasis, 420.
acuteness of, ii. 422.
delighted in a garden, v. 422.
fond of drinking, ii. 421.
a jester, vi. 422.
his pupils, vii. 423.

Virtue and vice, Stoics’ doctrine of, lxv. 304.

Water, the principle of all things, vi. 15.

Wise man, the Stoics’, lxiv. 301.

Wise men, the, who, ix. 10.

XENOCRATES, accidental death, xii. 157.
a grave and solemn man, iii. 154.
habit of meditation, viii. 156.
kind to a sparrow, vi. 156.
pupil of Plato, 154.
self-denial of, v. 155.
sold for his taxes, x. 157.
writings, his, ix. 156.

XENOPHANES, banished, 382.
buried his sons with his own hands, iv. 384.
doctrines, his, iii. 383.
wrote poems, iii. 383.

XENOPHON, banished by the Athenians, vii. 76.
called the Attic muse, xiv. 78.
conduct on death of his son, x. 77.
escape to Corinth, ix. 77.
first writer of memorabilia, iii. 75.
follower of Socrates, ii. 75.
friend of Cyrus, v. 75.
love of Clinias, iv. 75.
writings, his, xiii. 78.

ZALEUCUS, account of, _note_, 345.

ZENO, the Stoic, his abstinence, &c. xxiii. 269.
admires Diodorus, xx. 266.
anecdotes of him, xix. 266.
Antigonus respects him, viii. 261.
Athenians crown him, ix. 263.
disciples and works, xxxi. 273.
doctrines, xxxii. 273.
kills himself, xxvi. 270.
lectures in the Stoa or porch, vii. 261.
manner of reproving, xix. 265.
personal appearance, ii. 259.
pupil of Crates, iii. 259.
retiring disposition, xv. 264.
republic, his, xxviii. 271.
turn for investigation, xvii. 264.
his vices, xiii. 263.
writes about duty, xxi. 269.
writings, iv. 260.

ZENO, the Eleatic, adopted son of Parmenides, 386.
arrested for treason against Nearches, v. 387.
chief doctrines, viii. 388.
invented dialectics, iv. 387.
pounded to death in a mortar, v. 387.

ZOROASTER, his philosophy, _note_, 5.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W.

Transcriber’s Note

The original of this text was not edited as carefully as it could have been. As a result, for this e-text quite a number of changes have been made. These are based on comparison with other editions of the same work and with the original Greek text.

List of changes made:

Table of Contents, swapped positions of “Preface” and “Introduction”

Table of Contents, “Zenophon” changed to “Xenophon”

Page 7, “apophthegmns” changed to “apophthegms” (apophthegms in enigmatical language)

Page 12, “Pyhrronean” changed to “Pyrrhonean” (the Pyrrhonean is repudiated by many writers)

Page 14, “Focus” changed to “Phocus” (Phocus the Samian)

Page 16, “Bathydes” changed to “Bathycles” twice (of the name of Bathycles / the son of Bathycles)

Page 31, “ursurping” changed to “usurping” (from usurping the tyranny)

Page 35, “his” changed to “her” (Pamphila says, in the second book of her Commentaries)

Page 37, “Favorinus” changed to “Phavorinus” (as Phavorinus tells us)

Page 46, “Anacharis” changed to “Anacharsis” (Anacharsis the Scythian was the son of Gnurus)

Page 51, “Ctesilius” changed to “Ctesibius” (Cratinus and Ctesibius)

Page 51, “Rhodamanthus” changed to “Rhadamanthus” (on Minos and Rhadamanthus)

Page 53, “Sosilius” changed to “Sosibius” (as Sosibius the Lacedæmonian says)

Page 55, “wiih” changed to “with” (Adorned with valour while alive)

Page 57, plus in 22 other places throughout the book, “Pharorinus” changed to “Phavorinus”

Page 57, missing words “Ionic dialect.” added (and wrote in the Ionic dialect.)

Page 60, “Phalerius” changed to “Phalereus” (as Demetrius Phalereus tells us)

Page 61, “Metro” changed to “Metrodorus” (and Metrodorus, of Lampsacus)

Page 61, “Medison” changed to “Medism” (but also for Medism)

Page 63, “becaused” changed to “because” (because he enlarged his principles)

Page 63, “Meætetus” changed to “Theætetus” (as Plato records in his Theætetus)

Page 63, “Moresimachus” changed to “Mnesimachus” (to which idea, Mnesimachus speaks)

Page 65, “Delian” changed to “Delium” (saved Xenophon in the battle of Delium)

Page 66, “Crononian” changed to “Cranonian” (Scopas the Cranonian)

Page 67, repeated word “and” removed (and all such kind of follies)

Page 68, “Glauson” changed to “Glaucon” (he wrought upon Glaucon)

Page 68, “Glauernides” changed to “Glauconides” (and Glauconides said, that)

Page 69, repeated word “it” removed (that it was not absurd to learn)

Page 69, “Augur” changed to “Auge” (Euripides, in his Auge)

Page 71 and following pages, “Melitus” changed to “Meletus” 7 times

Page 72, “Pittea” changed to “Pithus” (the son of Meletus, of Pithus)

Page 73, “Iystæus” changed to “Tyrtæus” (they said that Tyrtæus was out of his wits)

Page 74, “Cereops” changed to “Cercops” (in his lifetime with Cercops)

Page 74, “Aphimenes” changed to “Amphimenes” (Amphimenes of Cos)

Page 74, “Salamis” changed to “Salarus” (Salarus of Priene)

Page 74, “Cellæus” changed to “Alcæus” (Alcæus and Anaxagoras)

Page 74, “Sosibrius” changed to “Sosibius” (Anaxagoras with Sosibius)

Page 74, “Timocrea” changed to “Timocreon” (Simonides with Timocreon)

Page 80, “Jelanges” changed to “Telauges” (the Telauges, and the Rhino)

Page 80, “Caramis” changed to “Carcinus” (Carcinus, the tragedian)

Page 82, “prefering” changed to “preferring” (by preferring one beauty to the rest)

Page 84, “Aretes” changed to “Arete” (his daughter Arete)

Page 84, repeated word “a” removed (whether one takes a house)

Page 85, “reproched” changed to “reproached” (when some one reproached him)

Page 89, “Annicerci” changed to “Annicerei” (some Annicerei, others Theodorei)

Page 89, “Pyræbates” changed to “Paræbates” (the master of Paræbates)

Page 89, “Parætius” changed to “Panætius” (as Panætius also tells us)

Page 93, “Theodereans” changed to “Theodoreans” (The Theodoreans, as they are called)

Page 95, “so” changed to “to” (Metrocles the Cynic, who was washing leeks, said to him)

Page 95, “Rhœus” changed to “Rhœcus” (a Samian, the son of Rhœcus)

Page 95, “Musicial” changed to “Musical” (a treatise on Musical Composers)

Page 96, “Athenæas” changed to “Athenæus” (a physician, a pupil of Athenæus)

Page 96, “Phistamus” changed to “Plistanus” (his successor was Plistanus of Elis)

Page 96, “Philias” changed to “Phlius” (Asclepiades of Phlius)

Page 97, “may” changed to “many” (a great many arguments)

Page 98, “preplexing” changed to “perplexing” (Asking his horned quibbles, and perplexing)

Page 98, “C” changed to “R” (unable to pronounce the R)

Page 100, “Therium” changed to “Thurii” (Clinomachus of Thurii)

Page 100, “Dippilus” changed to “Diphilus” (Diphilus of the Bosphorus)

Page 100, “Venites” changed to “Venetes” (Myrmex of the Venetes)

Page 102, “Syphon” changed to “Typhon” (where Typhon’s voice resounds)

Page 102, “Cnistippus” changed to “Aristippus” (the Aristippus or Callias)

Page 103, “Sophibus” changed to “Sophilus” (Sophilus the comic poet)

Page 103, “dicourse” changed to “discourse” (the whole discourse of this Charinus)

Page 103, “Polititical” changed to “Political” (on Political Science)

Page 104, “Minexenus” changed to “Menexenus” (the Cephalus; the Anaxiphemus; the Menexenus)

Page 105, “Simeas” changed to “Simias” (Simias was a Theban)

Page 105, “Theoprobidæ” changed to “Theopropidæ” (one of those who are called Theopropidæ)

Page 106, “Cassandra” changed to “Cassandrea” (Eurylochus, of Cassandrea)

Page 107, “Nicorreon” changed to “Nicocreon” (at the court of Nicocreon)

Page 110, “Hyporicus” changed to “Hipponicus” (Hipponicus the Macedonian)

Page 110, “Hipporicus” changed to “Hipponicus” (Hipponicus gave Menedemus two thousand drachmas)

Page 113, “Petone” changed to “Potone” (the son of Ariston and Perictione or Potone)

Page 113, “Diopidas” changed to “Dropidas” (had a brother named Dropidas)

Page 114, “Conservations” changed to “Conversations” (the eighth book of his Philosophical Conversations)

Page 114, “Petone” changed to “Potone” (a sister called Potone)

Page 116, “Alcinus” changed to “Alcimus” (as Alcimus says in his essays)

Page 117, “Alcinus” changed to “Alcimus” (And Alcimus speaks as follows)

Page 119, “Alcinus” changed to “Alcimus” (compared by Alcimus through four books)

Page 120, “Deni” changed to “Dion” twice (being appeased by Dion / it was Dion who sent the money)

Page 120, “Aristimenes” changed to “Aristomenes” (being appeased by Dion and Aristomenes)

Page 120, “Helia” changed to “Helice” (drowned in Helice)

Page 121, “Thetas” changed to “Theotas” (suspected of exciting Dion and Theotas)

Page 123, “Mesopis” changed to “Meropis” (Alexis says in his Meropis)

Page 123, “Analion” changed to “Ancylion” (And in his Ancylion, he says)

Page 123, “Pseudripobolimæus” changed to “Pseudypobolimæus” (Cratinas in his Pseudypobolimæus, says)

Page 126, “Sothon” changed to “Sathon” (which he entitled Sathon)

Page 127, “Mysonianus” changed to “Myronianus” (But Myronianus, in his Resemblances)

Page 128, “Cephiciades” changed to “Cephisiades” (the temple of the Cephisiades)

Page 128, “Phreanian” changed to “Phrearrian” (Archestratus the Phrearrian)

Page 128, “Challidian” changed to “Chollidian” (Philip the Chollidian)

Page 128, “Ademantus” changed to “Adimantus” (shall belong to my son Adimantus)

Page 128, “Sychon” changed to “Tychon” (My slaves Tychon, Bictas)

Page 128, “Tozthenes” changed to “Sosthenes” (My executors shall be Sosthenes)

Page 130, “Alexander” changed to “Alexamenus” (Alexamenus, a native of Styra)

Page 130, “at” changed to “as” (the other is as it were tentative)

Page 131, “Clitiphon” changed to “Clitophon” (the Menexenus, the Clitophon, the Epistles)

Page 131, “Hippiastro” changed to “Hippias too” (and Protagoras, Hippias too)

Page 134, “Meætetus” changed to “Theætetus” (The Theætetus, or Knowledge)

Page 135, “Aristodemns” changed to “Aristodemus” (one letter to Aristodemus)

Page 135, “Chilidon” changed to “Chelidon” (the Demodorus; the Chelidon; the Seventh;)

Page 139, “lives” changed to “live” (those which live in the water)

Page 142, “Lacædemon” changed to “Lacedæmon” (in Lacedæmon and Macedonia)

Page 152, “aud” changed to “and” (paralysis, and sent to)

Page 153, “Amartynus” changed to “Amartyrus” (an Essay addressed to Amartyrus)

Page 155, “Myornianus” changed to “Myronianus” (as Myronianus tells us in his Similitudes)

Page 156, “Archidemus” changed to “Archedemus” (the Archedemus, or an essay on Justice)

Page 157, “Spuesippus” changed to “Speusippus” (He succeeded Speusippus)

Page 162, “Meætetus” changed to “Theætetus the poet wrote thus about him” (Theætetus the poet wrote thus about him)

Page 167, “Aleximes” changed to “Alexinus” (a certain dialectician, a pupil of Alexinus)

Page 167, “Callecrates” changed to “Callicrates” (that of Archecrates and Callicrates)

Page 168, “Aristi” changed to “Aristo” (Aristo, the Chian)

Page 168, “Mydea” changed to “Myrlea” (Cleochares of Myrlea)

Page 169, “Alcymeus” changed to “Alcyoneus” (the birthday of Alcyoneus)

Page 174, “Eretosthenes” changed to “Eratosthenes” (they relate that Eratosthenes said)

Page 176, “Proconnesas” changed to “Proconnesus” (he was a native of Proconnesus)

Page 179, “logoædical” changed to “logaœdical” (lines in logaœdical Archebulian metre)

Page 183, “Demophelus” changed to “Demophilus” (his prosecutor was Demophilus)

Page 184, “Calumia” changed to “Calauria” (Demosthenes died in Calauria)

Page 184, “Calisthenes” changed to “Callisthenes” (the conspiracy of Callisthenes against Alexander)

Page 186, “Aubracis” changed to “Ambracis” (Ambracis shall have her liberty)

Page 186, “where-ever” changed to “wherever” (wherever else they think fit)

Page 188, “is” changed to “his” (and his answer was)

Page 193, “incoporeal” changed to “incorporeal” (something which has an incorporeal species)

Page 194, “his” changed to “her” (as Pamphila asserts in the thirty-second book of her Commentaries)

Page 194, “Menandar” changed to “Menander” (he was the tutor of Menander)

Page 195, “Tyrtanius” changed to “Tyrtamus” (His name had originally been Tyrtamus)

Page 196, “Phalerius” changed to “Phalereus” (by the assistance of Demetrius Phalereus)

Page 199, repeated word “Natural” removed (Problems in Natural History)

Page 199, “Astyceron” changed to “Astycreon” (Letters to Astycreon, Phanias, and Nicanor)

Page 200, “Callenus” changed to “Callinus” (Neleus, Strato, Callinus, Demotimus)

Page 201, “Donar” changed to “Donax” (and Donax to Neleus)

Page 201, “Eulius” changed to “Eubius” (I order Eubius to be sold)

Page 202, “Thrasos” changed to “Thasos” (Lysistratus of Thasos)

Page 202, “dilligence” changed to “diligence” (in the diligence with which he applied himself)

Page 204, “Innesigenes” changed to “Mnesigenes” (Aristides, Mnesigenes, Hippocrates)

Page 204, “Olympicus” changed to “Olympichus” (let Iræus calculate with Olympichus)

Page 204, “Ausinias” changed to “Aminias” (with Olympichus and Aminias)

Page 204, “Philoreatos” changed to “Philocrates” (Philocrates, the son of Tisamenus)

Page 205, “saying” changed to “sayings” (Another of his sayings was)

Page 206, repeated word “in” removed (all that I have in the city)

Page 207, “Amplicon” changed to “Amphion” (and Ariston, and Amphion, and Lycon)

Page 208, “Micras” changed to “Micrus” twice (Micrus I hereby present with his freedom / I also hereby emancipate the mother of Micrus)

Page 208, “Menedora” changed to “Menodora” (four minæ, and Menodora)

Page 208, “to” changed to “too” (in this respect too he deserves)

Page 211, “Antiphones” changed to “Antiphanes” (on Antiphanes, one;)

Page 212, “Colatia” changed to “Calatia” (the sixth was a native of Calatia)

Page 212, “Euthyræ” changed to “Erythræ” (the twelfth was a grammarian of Erythræ)

Page 212, “Bythinian” changed to “Bithynian” (the thirteenth was a Bithynian)

Page 212, “Pamotus” changed to “Panætius” (Panætius of Rhodes)

Page 212, “unsubtantial” changed to “unsubstantial” (Fought o’er a tomb and unsubstantial shade)

Page 215, “Aretodorus” changed to “Autodorus” (Autodorus the Epicurean reproaches him)

Page 215, “Spentharus” changed to “Spintharus” (as some say Spintharus)

Page 216, “Panculus” changed to “Pancalus” (they formed the name of Pancalus)

Page 216, “Nisius” changed to “Hicesius” (a physician, a pupil of Hicesius)

Page 219, “Philosphers” changed to “Philosophers” (his treatise on the Philosophers)

Page 223, missing word “an” added (an essay on Telemachus)

Page 224, “Tresius” changed to “Hicesius” (the son of Hicesius, a money-changer)

Page 224, “Perdalus” changed to “Pordalus” (he himself, in his Pordalus)

Page 225, “Polymeter” changed to “Polyeuctus” (Polyeuctus, the orator)

Page 225, “Æschorion” changed to “Æschrion” (Lysanias, the son of Æschrion)

Page 231, “Ægesilaus” changed to “Agesilaus” (if Agesilaus and Epaminondas are)

Page 233, “Calisthenes” changed to “Callisthenes” (the happiness of Callisthenes)

Page 239, “Thelian” changed to “Melian” (Diagoras the Melian)

Page 244, “belong” changed to “belongs” (everything belongs to the wise)

Page 245, “Philistus” changed to “Philiscus” (not rather the work of Philiscus)

Page 245, “Circe” changed to “crier” (when the crier asked him)

Page 247, missing word “art” added (Since you alone did teach to men the art)

Page 247, “Œdippus” changed to “Œdipus” (the Chrysippus, and the Œdipus)

Page 247, “Solmæus” changed to “Tolmæus” (the Beggar; the Tolmæus; the Leopard)

Page 248, “Sicymian” changed to “Sicyonian” (The second was a Sicyonian)

Page 249, “Osnesicritus” changed to “Onesicritus” (Onesicritus is called by some authors)

Page 249, “Clocus” changed to “Clœus” (Hegesæus of Sinope, who was nicknamed Clœus)

Page 254, “Theomentus” changed to “Theombrotus” (His pupils were Theombrotus and Cleomenes)

Page 257, “Celotes” changed to “Colotes” (a disciple of Colotes of Lampsacus)

Page 259, “Innaseas” changed to “Mnaseas” (Zeno was the son of Mnaseas)

Page 260, “Priscanactium” changed to “Peisianactium” (colonnade which is called the Peisianactium)

Page 262, “Innaseas” changed to “Mnaseas” (Since Zeno the son of Mnaseas)

Page 263, “Innaseas” changed to “Mnaseas” (Zeno, the son of Mnaseas, the Cittiæan)

Page 263, “Acharnæs” changed to “Acharnæ” (Medon of Acharnæ)

Page 263, “Mecythus of Sypalyttas” changed to “Micythus of Sypalettus” (Micythus of Sypalettus, and Dion)

Page 264, “simdapsus” changed to “skindapsus” (Likewise her mind was less than a skindapsus.)

Page 265, “coni” changed to “coin” (well-formed like the coin)

Page 265, “tessedrachmas” changed to “tetradrachmas” (he likened to the Attic tetradrachmas)

Page 268, “perssn” changed to “person” (why he was the only person)

Page 269, “entertaiments” changed to “entertainments” (in entertainments of that kind)

Page 270, “sumits” changed to “summits” (The summits of Olympus)

Page 271, “Innaseas” changed to “Mnaseas” (his father Mnaseas often came to Athens)

Page 272, “Hesophila” changed to “Herophila” (the sixth was a physician of Herophila), although it is possible “a Herophilean physician”, i.e. a follower of Herophilus, is intended here.

Page 273, “Halcymeus” changed to “Halcyoneus” (to whose son, Halcyoneus, he also acted)

Page 273, “Theles” changed to “Thebes” (Philonides, of Thebes)

Page 274, “Posidorus” changed to “Posidonius” (Diogenes, the Babylonian; and Posidonius)

Page 274, “Archidemus” changed to “Archedemus” (Chrysippus, and Archedemus, and Eudromus)

Page 275, “coversant” changed to “conversant” (which is conversant with rules and tests)

Page 279, “Boethius” changed to “Boethus” (For Boethus leaves a great many criteria)

Page 279, “Archidemus” changed to “Archedemus” (so it is laid down by Archedemus)

Page 282, “deificiences” changed to “deficiencies” (of attributes and deficiencies)

Page 291, “Archidemus” changed to “Archedemus” (And Archedemus defines it)

Page 297, “exite” changed to “excite” (do not excite any inclination)

Page 306, “Chrysyppus” changed to “Chrysippus” (Another doctrine of Chrysippus)

Page 306, “Thrasmides” changed to “Thrasonides” (Accordingly, that Thrasonides)

Page 316, “sone” changed to “some” (some of them are shakings)

Page 318, “Scion” changed to “Siren” (surnamed the Siren)

Page 320, “Scayon” changed to “Scazon” (a jesting epigram on him in Scazon iambics)

Page 326, “Innesistratus” changed to “Mnesistratus” (Once, when Mnesistratus accused him)

Page 328, “Dioles” changed to “Diocles” (as Diocles reports)

Page 328, “Cryxippus” changed to “Crypsippus” (Carneades called him Crypsippus)

Page 330, “Aristocrea” changed to “Aristocreon” (the sons of his sister, Aristocreon and Philocrates)

Page 330, “heirophant” changed to “hierophant” (the hierophant reveals them)

Page 331, repeated word “a” removed (there is then a head that you have not got)

Page 333, “Sosigines” changed to “Sosigenes” (addressed to Sosigenes and Alexander)

Page 333, “Panthorides” changed to “Panthoides” (Ambiguous Expressions, by Panthoides)

Page 333, “Agatha” changed to “Agathon” (an essay to Agathon)

Page 334, “Meliager” changed to “Meleager” twice (addressed to Meleager / addressed also to Meleager)

Page 334, “hyopthethical” changed to “hypothetical” (of hypothetical reasoning to serve as an Introduction)

Page 334, missing word “to” added (an introduction to Fallacy, addressed to Aristocreon)

Page 335, “Oretis” changed to “Outis” (an essay on the Argument Outis)

Page 340, “maner” changed to “manner” (writes in the following manner)

Page 341, “Scopeadæ” changed to “Scopiadæ” (the poem called the Scopiadæ)

Page 343, “then” changed to “them” (allowed his disciples to eat them)

Page 353, “Innesimachus” changed to “Mnesimachus” (And Mnesimachus says in his Alcmæon)

Page 353, “Austophon” changed to “Aristophon” (Aristophon says in his Pythagorean)

Page 354, “Cortona” changed to “Crotona” (at the house of Milo, of Crotona)

Page 356, “Sarapian” changed to “Sarapion” (Heraclides, the son of Sarapion)

Page 356, “Phythagoras” changed to “Pythagoras” (Should you Pythagoras’ doctrine wish to know)

Page 357, “Echurates” changed to “Echecrates” (and Echecrates, and Diodes)

Page 359, “Jelanges” changed to “Telauges” (Now Telauges and Theano we have mentioned)

Page 360, “Jelanges” changed to “Telauges” twice (But Telauges, the son of Pythagoras / the letter of Telauges)

Page 362, missing section number “VI.” added in what seemed to be the appropriate place for it (VI. The case of the dead woman)

Page 364, “κοουφῆς” changed to “κορυφῆς” (Ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς τύμβος ἄκρος κατέχει.)

Page 369, “Innesagoras” changed to “Mnesagoras” (the son of Mnesagoras)

Page 369, “Orellus” changed to “Ocellus” (the descendants of Ocellus)

Page 373, “Octacteris” changed to “Octaeteris” (the treatise called the Octaeteris)

Page 373, “Mansolus” changed to “Mausolus” (he also went to the court of Mausolus)

Page 373, “Nichomachus” changed to “Nicomachus” (Nicomachus, the son of Aristotle)

Page 374, “Sicilist” changed to “Siciliot” (the third, a Siciliot, a son of Agathocles)

Page 376, “Heraceon” changed to “Heracion” (the son of Blyson, or, as some say, of Heracion)

Page 381, “Phaleruus” changed to “Phalereus” (Demetrius Phalereus also mentions him)

Page 381, “Scythenus” changed to “Scythinus” (Scythinus, an iambic poet)

Page 382, “Zande” changed to “Zancle” (lived at Zancle, in Sicily)

Page 383, “Anaxemander” changed to “Anaximander” (a contemporary of Anaximander)

Page 384, “Diochartes” changed to “Diochaetes” (and Diochaetes the Pythagorean)

Page 386, “Ithageses” changed to “Ithagenes” (a Samian, and the son of Ithagenes)

Page 386, “Telentagoras” changed to “Teleutagoras” (he was by nature the son of Teleutagoras)

Page 396, “Artmography” changed to “Actinography” (Actinography, or a discussion on Rays of Light)

Page 389, “resistence” changed to “resistance” (according to the resistance of the centre)

Page 396, “Rythm” changed to “Rhythm” (A treatise on Rhythm and Harmony)

Page 397, “Prodicas” changed to “Prodicus” twice (He, and Prodicus of Ceos / Prodicus had a very powerful voice)

Page 398, “Allidomas” changed to “Alcidamas” (but Alcidamas says that)

Page 405, “Memenius” changed to “Numenius” (Numenius is the only writer who asserts)

Page 405, “Epianus” changed to “Epicurus” (was the master of Epicurus)

Page 407, “antethetical” changed to “antithetical” (antithetical force of words)

Page 409, “Phyrrho” changed to “Pyrrho” (Pyrrho lays down in the following manner)

Page 414, “iotellect” changed to “intellect” (either sense or intellect)

Page 414, “dawn” changed to “down” (those opinions which are laid down previously)

Page 422, “Cercipes” changed to “Cercopes” (through the forum of the Cercopes)

Page 423, “Nilolochus” changed to “Nicolochus” (Nicolochus of Rhodes)

Page 423, “Pracylus” changed to “Praylus” (Praylus of the Troas)

Page 423, “Xeuxippus” changed to “Zeuxippus” (Zeuxippus Polites)

Page 423, “Gonicpus” changed to “Goniopus” (Zeuxis Goniopus)

Page 423, “Theodos” changed to “Theodas” (Theodas, of Laodicea)

Page 424, “had Colonis and” changed to “had colonised” (as the Athenians had colonised Samos)

Page 425, “Inus” changed to “Mus” (a slave, whose name was Mus)

Page 425, repeated word “as” removed (well as one of his brothers)

Page 425, “Leontius” changed to “Leonteus” (Themista, the wife of Leonteus)

Page 426, “Marmaricem” changed to “Marmarium” (and among them Marmarium)

Page 427, “nicnamed Lerocrates” changed to “nicknamed Lerocritus” (Democritus, he nicknamed Lerocritus)

Page 427, “friend” changed to “friends” (his friends who were so numerous)

Page 427, “Inus” changed to “Mus” (the one whom I have mentioned already, named Mus)

Page 428, “his” changed to “is” (among whom is Apollodorus)

Page 430, “sucessors” changed to “successors” (my immediate successors hand it down)

Page 431, “Inus” changed to “Mus” (Of my slaves, I hereby emancipate Mus)

Page 432, “Bates” changed to “Batis” (he gave his sister Batis in marriage)

Page 432, “Leontius” changed to “Leonteus” (There was also Leonteus, of Lampsacus)

Page 433, “Chæridemus” changed to “Chæredemus” (the Chæredemus, a treatise on the Gods)

Page 433, “Hegesiana” changed to “Hegesianax” (the Hegesianax; four essays on Lives)

Footnote 8, “diety” changed to “deity” (the national deity of the Ionians)

Footnote 31, “μιμογράφον” changed to “μιμογράφου” (The Greek is τοῦ μιμογράφου.)

Footnote 31, “μῖμιοι” changed to “μῖμοι” (μῖμοι σπουδαίων)

Footnote 80, “Euripid” changed to “Euripides” (the Antiope of Euripides)

Footnote 82, “adversariese” changed to “adversaries” (knocked down his adversaries)

Footnote 108, missing word “of” added (which Ovid puts into the mouth of Pythagoras); “Jononis” changed to “Junonis” (templo Junonis in Argis)

Footnote 111, “Challidian” changed to “Chalcidian” (towns of Chalcidian origin)

Footnote 119, “Linæan” changed to “Lenæan” (the second or Lenæan festivals)

Footnote 127, “Valchenær” changed to “Valckenær” (Valckenær conjectures)

Footnote 143, “Trachinæ” changed to “Trachiniæ” (the Trachiniæ of Sophocles)

Index entry, “Alemæon” changed to “Alcmæon”

Index entry under Ariston, “Scion” changed to “Siren”

Index entry, “Arnicereans” changed to “Annicereans” and moved to the correct alphabetical position

Index entry under Bias, “Priam” changed to “Priene”

Index entry, “Clido” changed to “Chilo”

Index entry, “Endoxus” changed to “Eudoxus”

Index entry, “Gynosophistæ” changed to “Gymnosophistæ”

Index entry under Plato, “Alcinus” changed to “Alcimus”

Index entry, “Thesmopheria” changed to “Thesmophoria”

Index entry, “Zaleneus” changed to “Zaleucus”

Greek ς, when not at the end of a word, has been normalised to σ. Punctuation and accents have been amended without note as have æ/œ ligature substitutions. Where there was any doubt the text is left as printed; any remaining errors are as they appeared in the original.