Chapter XVII: Credibility of Extraordinary Stories

§ 1. Improbability before and after the event.
2, 3. Does the rejection of this lead to the conclusion that the
credibility of a story is independent of its nature?
4. General and special credibility of a witness.
5-8. Distinction between alternative and open questions, and the
usual rules for application of testimony to each of these.
9. _Discussion of an objection._
10, 11. Testimony of worthless witnesses.
12-14. Common practical ways of regarding such problems.
15. Extraordinary stories not necessarily less probable.
16-18. Meaning of the term extraordinary, and its distinction from
miraculous.
19, 20. Combination of testimony.
21, 22. Scientific meaning of a miracle.
23, 24. Two distinct prepossessions in regard to miracles, and the
logical consequences of these.
25. Difficulty of discussing by our rules cases in which arbitrary
interference can be postulated.
26, 27. Consequent inappropriateness of many arguments.