Chapter III: Introduction: ix

CHAPTER

I THE QUESTION OF PERMANENT PEACE 1

II EARLY ADVOCATES OF UNIVERSAL PEACE 23

III PROBLEMS OF THE NAPOLEONIC WARS 43

IV EUROPE UNDER THE CONCERT OF THE POWERS 65

V THE LATER PHASES OF THE CONCERT OF EUROPE 83

VI THE BALKAN STATES 103

VII GERMAN IDEALS AND ORGANIZATION 132

VIII THE FAILURE OF THE OLD EUROPEAN SYSTEM 154

IX IF THE SUBMARINES FAIL 184

X OBSTACLES TO AN ENDURING PEACE 205

XI ARGUMENTS FOR A FEDERATION OF STATES 229

XII A FEDERATION OF NATIONS 254

THE LOST FRUITS OF WATERLOO