Chapter XVIII: Appendix: D

_CHIEFS IN AUSTRALIA_

In the remarks on Australian religion, it is argued that chiefs in Australia are, at most, very inconspicuous, and that a dead chief cannot have thriven into a Supreme Being. Attention should be called, however, to Mr. Howitt's remarks on Australian 'Head-men,' in his tract on 'The Organisation of Australian Tribes' (pp. 103-113).

He attaches more of the idea of power to 'Head-men' than does Mr. Curr in his work, 'The Australian Race.' The Head-men, as a rule, arrive at such influence as they possess by seniority, if accompanied by courage, wisdom, and, in some cases, by magical acquirements. There are traces of a tendency to keep the office (if it may be called one) in the same kinship. 'But Vich Ian Vohr or Chingahgook are not to be found in Australian tribes' (p. 113). I do not observe that the manes or ghost of a dead Head-man receives any worship or service calculated to fix him in the tribal memory, and so lead to the evolution of a deity, though one Head-man was potent through the whole Dieyri tribe over three hundred miles of country. Such a person, if propitiated after death, might conceivably develop into a hero, if not into a creative being. But we must await evidence to the effect that any posthumous reverence was paid to this man, Ialina Piramurane (New Moon). Mr. Howitt's essay is in the 'Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria for 1889.'

INDEX

Academy of Medicine, Paris, inquiry into animal magnetism, 34

Achille, the case of, 134

Acosta, Père, cited, 74, 244, 246

Adare, Lord, cited, 335

Addison, cited, 16

Africans, religious faiths of, 212, 218, 221, 222.
See under separate tribal names.

Ahone, North-American Indian god, 231-233, 241, 248, 258, 262, 280

Aïdé, Hamilton, cited, 336

Algonquins, the, 250

Allen, Grant, cited, 190

American Creators, 230;
parallel with African gods, 230;
savage gods of Virginia, 231;
the Ahone-Okeus creed, 231-233;
Pawnee tribal religions, 233-236;
Ti-ra-wá, the Spirit Father, 234, 235;
rite to the Morning Star, 234;
religion of the Blackfeet, 236;
Nà-pi, 237-239;
one account of the Inca religion, 239-242;
Sun-worship, 239-241;
cult of Pachacamac, the Inca deity, 239-247;
another account of the Inca religion, 242-246;
hymns of the Zuñis, 247;
_Awonawilona_, 247

Amoretti, Sig., cited, 30, 152

Ancestor, worship, 164-166, 178, 205, 212, 268, 271-277

Andamanese, the, religious beliefs of, 167, 194-197, 205, 208, 211, 249, 252, 256, 272 'Angus, Miss,' cases in her experience of crystal-gazing, 89-102, 341

Animal magnetism, inquiry into, 29, 34, 35

Animism, nature and influence of, 48, 49, 53, 58, 63, 129, 168, 190,
191, 206, 256, 264, 266, 268, 269, 303

Anthropology and hallucinations, 105;
sleeping and waking experience, 105, 106;
hallucinations in mentally sound people, 107;
ghosts, 107;
coincidence of hallucinations of the sane with death or other crisis of
person seen, 107;
morbid hallucinations and coincidental 'flukes,' 108;
connection of cause and effect, 108;
the emotional effect, 108;
illustrative coincidence, 108;
hallucinations of sight, 109;
causes of hallucinations, 110;
collective hallucinations, 110;
the properly receptive state, 110;
telepathy, 111;
phantasms of the living, 112;
Maori cases, 113-115;
evidence to be rejected, 116;
subjective hallucination caused by expectancy, 116;
puzzling nature of hallucinations shared by several people at once, 116,
117;
hallucinations coincident with a death, 117;
apparitions and deaths connected in fact, 117;
Census of the Society for Psychical Research thereupon, 118;
number and character of the instances, 119;
weighing evidence, 119;
opinion of the Committee on Hallucinations, 121;
remoteness of occurrence of instances, 121;
want of documentary evidence, 121
non-coincidental hallucinations, 121;
telepathy existing between kinsfolk and friends, 122;
influence of anxiety, 123;
existence of illness known, 123;
mental and nervous conditions in connection with hallucinations, 134;
value of the statistics of the Census, 124;
anecdote of an English officer, 125

Anthropology and religion, 30;
early scientific prejudice against, 40;
evolution and evidence, 40;
testing of evidence, 41-43;
psychical research, 48;
origin of religion, 44;
inferences drawn from supernormal phenomena, 41, 53;
savage parallels of psychical phenomena, 45;
meanings of religion, 45, 40;
disproof of godless tribes, 47;
Animism, 48, 49;
limits of savage tongues, 49;
waking and sleeping hallucinations, 60;
crystal-gazing, 50;
the ghost-soul, 51;
savage abstract speculation, 52;
analogy of the ideas of children and primitive man, 53;
early man's conception of life, 32;
ghost-seers, 54;
psychical conditions in which savages differ from civilised men, 54;
power of producing non-normal psychological conditions, 55;
faculties of the lower animals, 56;
man's first conception of religion, 56;
the suggested hypnotic state, 57;
second-sight, 68;
savage names for the ghost-soul, 60;
the migratory spirit, 60-64

Anynrabia, South Guinea Creator, 220

Apaches, crystal-gazing by, 84, 85

Apollonius of Tyana, 66

Atua, the Tongan Elohim, 279

Aurora Borealis, savage ideas of the, 4, 262, 292

Australians, religious beliefs of, 50, 83, 118, 128, 165, 175-182, 185,
188, 190, 205, 208, 211, 215, 219, 224, 240, 249, 253, 266, 261-263

Automatism, 155

Awonawilona, Zuñi deity, 248, 251

Ayinard, Jacques, case of, 150, 182

Aztecs, creed of, 104 _note_, 183, 233, 234, 255, 258, 263

Bealz, Dr., cited, 132

Baiame, deity, 189, 190, 191, 205, 261, 280

Baker, Sir Samuel, cited, 42, 211

Bakwains, the, 169

Balfour, A.J., quoted, 44, 57 _note_

Banks Islanders, their gods, 169, 197-198

Bantus, religious beliefs of, 176, 211, 220, 248

Barkworth, Mr., his opinion of Mrs. Piper, 140

Barrett, Professor, on the divining-rod, 162-154

Bostian, Adolf, cited, 6, 43

Baxter, cited, 15

Beaton, Cardinal, his mistress visualized, 97

Bell, John, cited, 149

Beni-Israel, 282

Berna, magnetiser, 34

Bernadette, case of, 117

Big Black Man, Fuegian deity, 258

Binet and Féré, quoted, 20, 76

Bissett, Mr. and Mrs., experiences of crystal-gazing, 99-102

Blackfeet, beliefs of, 230, 236

Blantyre region, religion in the, 217, 218

Bleck, Dr., cited, 194

Bobowissi, Gold Coast god, 225-227, 230-232

Bodinus, cited, 15

Book of the Dead, 286, 303

Bora, Australian mysteries, 176, 179, 190, 196, 260

Bosman, cited, 225

Bourget, Paul, his opinion of Mrs. Piper, 139, 140

Bourke, Captain J.G., cited, 83

Boyle, cited, 15

Braid, inventor of the word 'hypnotism,' 24, 35, 36

Brewster, Sir David, cited, 33

Brinton, Dr., cited, 67, 168, 232, 236, 254, 264, 290

Bristow, Mr., cited, 332

British Association decline to hear Braid's essay, 24
rejection of anthropological papers, 89

Brasses, de, cited, 149

Brown, General Mason, cited, 68, 67

Bunjil, deity, 189

Bushmen, religious beliefs of, 165, 198, 208, 211, 252

Button, Jemmy, the Faegian, case of, 116

Caon, Boshmon deity, 189, 193, 205

Callawoy, Dr., on Zulu beliefs, 72, 85, 106, 142, 151 207, 208

Cardan, cited, 15

Carpenter, Dr., cited, 324

Carver, Captain Jonathan, his instance of savage possession, 142
cited, 60, 144, 145

Charcot, Dr., on faith cures, 20-23, 24 _note_

Chevreul, M., cited, 152

Chinese, the, demon possession in, 181, 183
divining-rod, 154
religious beliefs, 237, 290, 291

Chonos, the, 176

Circumcision, 286

Clairvoyance (vue à distance), 65
'opening the Gates at Distance.' 65, 66
attested cases among savages, 66
conflict with the laws of exact science, 67
instances, 67
among the Zulus, 68-70
among the Lapps, 70
the Llarson case, 71
seers, 72
the element of trickery, 73
a Red Indian seeress, 73
Peruvian clairvoyants, 75
Professor Richet's case, 75
Mr. Dobbie's case, 76
Scottish tales of second-sight, 78-81
visions provoked by various methods, 81
See Crystal visions

Clodd, Edward, cited, 119, 120, 300

'Cockburn, Mrs.,' test of crystal-gazing, 99-101

Codrington, Dr., cited, 150, 169, 197-199

Coirin, Mlle., her miraculous cure, 20

Coleridge, cited, 9, 11, 12 _note_, 295, 296

Collins, cited, 179

Comanches, the, 250

Confucius, religious teaching of, 290, 291

Cook, Captain, cited, 271

Corpse-binding, 143, 144

Crawford, Lord, cited, 325, 334, 330, 387

Creeks, the, 143

Croesus, tests the Delphic Oracle, 14

Crookes, Sir William, cited, 325, 331, 333, 334, 337, 338

Crystal visions, 83
savage instances, 83-85
in later Europe, 85
nature of 'Miss X's' experiments, 85
attributed to 'dissociation,' 86
examples of 'thought-transference,' 87
arguments against accepting recognition of objects described by another
person, 87
coincidence of fact and fiction, 88
cases in the experience of 'Miss Angus,' 89-102
'Miss Rose's' experience, 91, 92
phenomena suggest the savage theory of the wandering soul, 103
cited, 7, 44, 50, 314-316, 340

Cumberland, Stuart, 72

Cures by suggestion, 20, 21

Curr, Mr., reports 'godless' savages, 184 _note_

Dampier, cited, 176

Dancing sticks, 149-131

Darumulun, Australian Supreme Being, 178, 179, 183, 186, 191, 213, 240,
258-264, 280

Darwin, cited, 115, 149, 174 _note_, 324, 332

Death, savage ideas on, 187

Degeneration theory, the, 254
the powerful creative Being of lowest savages, 254
differences between the Supreme Being of higher and lower savages, 255
human sacrifice, 255
hungry, cruel gods degenerate from the Australian Father in Heaven, 256
savage Animism, 256
a pure religion forgotten, 257
an inconvenient moral Creator, 257
hankering after useful ghost-gods, 257
lowering of the ideal of a Creator, 257
maintenance of an immoral system in the interests of the State and the
clergy, 258
moral monotheism of the Hebrew religion, 258
degradation of Jehovah, 258
human sacrifice in ritual of Israel, 258
origin of conception of Jehovah, 258
Semitic gods, 259
status of Darumulun, 259
conception of Jehovah conditioned by space, 260
degeneration of deity in Africa, 260
political advance produces religious degeneration, 261
sacrificial ideas, 262
the savage Supreme Being on a higher plane than the Semitic and
Greek gods, 263
Animism full of the seeds of religions degeneration, 264
falling off in the theistic conception, 265
fetishism, 265
modus of degeneration by Animism supplanting Theism, 265
feeling after a God who needs not anything at man's hands, 267

Demoniacal possession, 128
the 'inspired' or 'possessed,' 129
'change of control,' 130
gift of eloquence and poetry, 131
instances in China, 131
attempted explanations of the phenomena, 132
'alternating personality,' 132
symptoms of possession, 132
evidence for, 133
scientific account of a demoniac and his cure, 134
inducing the 'possessed' state, 135
exhibition of abnormal knowledge by the possessed, 136
Scientific study of the phenomena, 136
details of the case of Mrs. Piper, 136-141
diagnosing and prescribing for patients, 142
Carver's example of savage possession, 142, 157
custom of binding the seer with bonds, 142, 145
corpse-binding, 143, 144

Dendid, Dinka Supreme Being, 211, 212, 258, 280

Deslon, M., disciple of Mesmer, 24

Dessoir, Dr. Max, quoted, 32, 33, 57

Dinkas, beliefs of the, 42, 211, 212, 256

Divining-rod, use of the, 30, 152-155

Dobbie, Mr., his case of clairvoyance, 76

Dorman, Mr., cited, 203

Dunbar, Mr., cited, 236

Du Pont, cited, 75

Du Prel, cited, 28

Dynois, Jonka, trance of, 65

Ebumtupism, second sight, 73

Egyptians, beliefs of, 83, 302

Elcho, Lord, cited, 334

Eleusinian mysteries, 196

Elliotson, Dr., cited, 24, 35, 37, 40

Ellis, Major, on Polynesian and African religions ideas, 83, 144, 222-228,
232, 251, 260, 272

Elohim, savage equivalents to the term, 277

Esemkofu, Zulu ghosts, 128, 129

Eskimo, religious beliefs of, 72, 113, 184

Faith-Cures, 20-22

Fenton, Francis Dart, on Maori ghost-seeing, 114

Ferrand, Mlle., on hallucinations, 32

Fetishism and Spiritualism, 147
the fetish, 147
sources super-normal to savages, 148
independent motion in inanimate objects, 149
comparison with physical phenomena of spiritualism, 149
Melanesian belief in sticks moved by spirits, 150
a sceptical Zulu, 150
a form of the pendulum experiment, 151
table-turning, 152
the divining-rod, 152
the civilised and savage practice of automatism, 156
dark room manifestations, 156
the disturbances in the house of M. Zoller, 156
consideration of physical phenomena, 158
instanced, 165, 225, 265, 266, 276, 324-339

Figuier, M., cited, 152

Fijians, religious beliefs of, 128, 136, 200, 248, 338

Finns, the, 58

Fire ceremony, the, 180 _note_

Fison, Mr., cited, 128

Fitzroy, Admiral, cited, 115, 173, 174

Flacourt, Sieur de, on crystal-gazing in Madagascar, 84

Flint, Professor, cited, 253

Francis, St., stigmata of, 22

Fuegians, beliefs and customs of, 115, 165, 173-175, 183, 187, 208,
211, 227, 258, 262, 272

Galton, Mr., cited, 12, 96, 107, 294, 295

Garcilasso de la Vega, on Inca beliefs, 239-244

'Gates of Distance, Opening the,' 65, 66, 68

Ghost-seers, 54, 63

Ghost-soul, the, 51
names for the, 60

Gibert, Dr., on 'willing' sleep, 36

Gibier, Dr., cited, 146

Gippsland tribes, 187

Glanvil, Rev. Joseph, his scientific investigations, 15

God, evolution of the idea of, 160
anthropological hypothesis, 160
primitive logic of the savage, 161
regarded as a spirit, 162
idea of spiritual beings framed on the human soul, 164
deified ancestors, 164
the Zulu first ancestor, 164
fetishes, 165
great gods in savage systems of religion, 165
the Lord of the Dead, 165
conception of an idealised divine First Ancestor, 188
hostile Good and Bad Beings, 166
the Supreme Being of savage creeds, 166
mediating 'Sons,' 167
Christian and Islamite influence on savage conceptions, 167
probable germs of the savage idea of a Supreme Being, 168
animistic conceptions, 168
ghosts, and Beings who never were human, 169
recognition by savages of our God in theirs, 169
the hypothesis of degeneracy, 170
the moral, friendly creative Being of low savage faith, 171
food offerings to a Universal Power, 171
the High Gods of low races, 173
intrusion of European ideas into savage religions, 173
the Fuegian Big Man, 174
ghosts of dead medicine man, 175
the Bora, or Australian tribal mysteries, 176, 177, 179
possible evolution of the Australian god, 178
mythology and theology of Darumulun, the highest Australian god, 178,
179, 183
religious sanction of morals, 179
selflessness the very essence of goodness, 180
precepts of Darumulan, 181, 182
argument from design, 184
Supreme Gods not necessarily developed out of 'spirits,' 185
distinction between deities and ghosts, 185
human beings adored as gods, 186
deathlessness of the Supreme Being of savage faith, 186, 188
idealisation of the savage himself, 187
negation of the ghost-theory, 188, 189
high creative gods never wore mortal men, 189
low savage distinction between gods, 189
propitiation by food and sacrifice, 190
'magnified non-natural men,' 190
gods to talk about, not to adore, 190
higher gods prior to the ghost theory, 191
See Supreme Beings; American Creators; Jehovah

Greeks, the, beliefs of, 302

Greenlanders, the, 144, 182

Gregory, Dr., cited, 86

Griesinger, Dr., cited, 132

Grinnell, Mr., on Pawnee beliefs, 234-237

Guiana Indians, religious beliefs of, 202-206, 256

Guinea, North and South, religious beliefs in, 220

Gurney, Mr., his experiments in hypnotism, 85, 86
cited, 107, 114, 117

Guyau, M., cited, 12, 24, 25

Hallucinations. See Anthropology and Hallucinations

Hamilton, Sir William, cited, 12

Hammond, Dr., on demoniacal possession, 131

Harteville, Madame, case of, 26

Hearne, on the Aurora Borealis, 3
on cure by suggestion, 21, 22

Hebrews. See Israelites

Hegel, cited, 30-34, 50, 56, 58, 78, 111, 152

Higgs, Police Constable, statement of, on the disturbances at Mr.
White's house, 326-328

Highland second-sight, 143-145

Hodgson, Dr., report on Mrs. Piper, 137, 140, 141
cited, 135, 325

Home, David Dunglas, his powers as a medium, 324, 325, 334-339

Howitt, Mr., cited, 128, 177-182

Hume, David, attitude towards miracles, 16
definition of a miracle, 16
self-contradictions, 17
refuses to examine miracle of the Abbé Paris, 18, 19, 22-25
alternative definition of a miracle, 25
cited, 297

Huxley, Professor, on savage religious cults, 42, 43, 48, 162, 163, 171,
176, 177, 182
on the evolution of Jehovah, 270, 271, 277, 279, 282, 286
cited, 17 _note_, 296, 324

Hypnotism, 6, 24, 29, 32, 34, 35, 37, 75, 76

Iamblichus, cited, 14, 336, 337, 339

Ibn Khaldoun, cited, 341

Im Thurn, on the religious ideas of the Indians of Guiana, 50, 160,
202-207, 256, 298

Incas, the, 85, 240-247, 258

Iroquois, the, 84, 85

Islam, influence of, on African beliefs, 221

Israelites, development of their religious ideas, 258, 260, 268-284, 302

James, Professor William, quoted, 23, 59, 73, 107, 110, 132, 137, 156,
294

Janet, Dr. Pierre, on 'willing' sleep, 36
on demoniacal possession, 134, 135
cited, 73, 294, 340, 341

Jeanne d'Arc, 34, 73, 115, 128, 276

Jehovah, theories of, 258, 260, 268
as a Moral Supreme Being, 268
anthropological theory of the origin of Jehovah-worship, 270
absence of ancestor-worship from the Hebrew tradition, 270-273
alleged evidence for ancestor-worship in Israel, 273-277
evolution from ghost-cult to the cult of Jehovah, 277
the term Elohim, 277
human shape assumed, 278
considered as a ghost-god, 279
sacrifices to, 280
suggestion of a Being not yet named Jehovah, 281
traditional emergence of Jehovah as the god of Israel, 281
as a deified ancestor, 282
moral element in the idea of Jehovah, 282, 286
a mere tribal god, 283
a Kenite god, 283, 284
inconsistencies of theorists concerning, 285
the moral element a survival of primitive ethics in the savage ancestors
of the Israelites, 287
verity of the Biblical account, 287
cited, 299

Jeraeil, mysteries of the Kurnai, 180

Jevons, Mr., cited, 186, 255, 300, 302

Jugglery, Pawnee, 235

Jung-Stilling, cited, 30, 63

Kaloc, Fijian name for gods, 200, 201

Kamschatkans, 166

Kant, inquires into Swedenborg's visions, 26, 59
disappointed with Swedenborg's 'Arcana Coelestia', 26, 27
on the metaphysics of 'spirits,' 27
discusses the subconscious, 28
cited, 125

Karens, beliefs of, 60, 73, 151

Karr, Alphonse, cited, 336

Kelvin, Lord, on hypnotism, 37

Kenites, the, 284

Kingsley, Miss, cited, 175, 211, 220, 328

Kirk, cited, 144

Kohl, cited, 148

Kulin, Australian tribe, 49

Kurnai, Australian tribe, their religious conceptions, 49, 180, 181, 187,
215, 262, 263, 287, 291

Laing, Mr. Samuel, cited, 12 _note_

Langlois, M., the case of, 75, 76

Lapps, beliefs of, 58, 71, 81

Latukas, the, 42

Laverterus, telepathic hypothesis of, 15

Le Loyer, cited, 15

Leaf, Mr., cited, 112 _note_

Leeward Isles, ideas of a god in, 251

Lefèbure, M., cited, 84, 149, 341

Legge, Dr., on the teaching of Confucius, 290

Lejean, M., on the Dinkas, 212

Lejeaune, Père, cited, 74, 83

Leng, Mr., cited, 133

Leon, Cieza de, cited, 241, 244

Léonie, the case of her hypnotisation, 75, 76

Leslie, David, on Zulu clairvoyance, 68
on ghosts, 128

Levitation, 334

Littré, M., cited, 136

Livingstone, Dr., cited, 6, 135, 170

Lloyd, Dr., cited, 327, 328

Loan-god, a, Tshi theory of, 222-229

Lourdes, cures at, 19

Lubbock, Sir John, cited, 42

Macalister, Professor, his opinion of Mrs. Piper, 140

MacCulloch, Dr., on second-sight, 58

Macdonald, Duff, cited, 150, 213, 215, 218

Macgregor, Dr. Alastair, gives instances of second-sight, 79-81

Madagascar, 84

Magnetism, 29, 34, 35

Malagasies, beliefs of, 84

Malays of Keeling Island, fetishism in, 141

Man, Mr., on Andamanese religion and mythology, 194, 195

Mans, magical rapport, 199, 200

Mandans, the, 188

Manganjah, practice of sorcery in, 149

Manning, Mr., cited, 146

Maoris, religious beliefs of, 83, 113-115, 118, 119, 150, 166, 188

Marawa, Banks Islands deity, 198, 199

Mariner, cited, 278

Markham, Mr., cited, 243, 246

Marson, Madame, case of, 71

Mason, Dr., on familiar spirits, 130

Mather, Cotton, cited, 16, 55

Maudsloy, Dr., cited, 23 _note_

Mani, Maori deity, 166, 188

Mayo, Dr., cited, 86

Medici, Catherine de', cited, 66

Medicine-men, 84

Mediums, 324-339

Melanesians, religious beliefs of, 150, 169, 189, 197, 199, 200

Menestrier, le Père, uses the divining-rod, 154

Menzies, Professor, cited, 257

Mesmer, his theory of magnetism, 29, 34

Millar, cited, 40, 41

Miracles, regarded from the standpoint of science, 14
early tests, 14
and more modern research, 15
witchcraft, 15, 16
Hume's essay on, 16
and his definitions of a miracle, 16, 25
cures at the tomb of the Abbè Paris, 18-20, 23
Binet and Fèrè's explanation of these cures, 20
cures by suggestion, 20, 21
Dr. Charcot's views, 20
faith cures, 20-22
science opposed to systematic negation, 22
refusal to examine evidence, 23-25
'marvellous facts,' 24
suggestion à distance, 24
Kant's researches, 26-29
Swedenborg's clairvoyance, 26, 27
thought-transference and hypnotic sleep, 29, 30, 32, 35
water-finding, 39
phenomena of clairvoyance, 31
Hegel's 'magic tie,' 31
Dr. Max Dessoir's views, 31, 32
hallucinations, 32
animal magnetism, 34
hypnotism, 35
'willing,' 36
facts and phenomena confronting science, 37

'Miss X,' on crystal-gazing, 87, 315, 316, 340, 341

Mlungu, Central African deity, 213-218

Molina, Christoval de, on Inca beliefs, 242, 243

Moll, Herr, cited, 314

Montgeron, M., cited, 19, 20

More, Henry, cited, 15

Moses, founder of the Hebrew religion, 283-286

Mtanga, African deity, 213-217

Müller, Max, cited, 41, 43, 46, 265, 266, 289

Mungan-ngaur, Kurnai Supreme Being, 181, 188, 190, 205, 217, 259

Mwetyi, Shekuni Great Spirit, 220

Myers, Frederic, on hypnotic slumber, 30, 33
cited, 15 _note_

Nana Nyankupon, Gold Coast Supreme Being, 225-228, 232, 280

Nà-pi, American Indian deity, 237-239, 241

Ndengei, Fijian Supreme Being, 200-202, 228, 248

Nevius, Dr., on demoniacal possession, 131-135

Newbold, Professor W. Romaine, 135

Nezahuati, erects a bloodless fane to the Unknown God, 258

Nicaraguans, the, 60

North, Major, on Pawnee jugglery, 235, 236

Nzambi Mpungu, Bantu Supreme Being, 226, 228, 242

Okeus (Oki), American Indian deity, 231, 232

Okey, the sisters, case of, 37 _note_

Ombwiri, South Guinea god, 220

Orpen, Mr., cited, 193

Oxford, Rev. A.W., on ancient Israel, 275-277, 283-285

Pachacamac, Inca, Supreme Being, 230, 239-247, 258

Pachayachachi, Inca god, 242, 246

Paladino, Eusapia, case of, 325

Palmer, Mr., cited, 179

Paris, Abbè miracles wrought at his tomb, 18-20, 23

Parish, Herr, criticism of his reply to the arguments for telepathy,
307-323
cited, 8, 86, 107

Park, Mungo, on African beliefs, 221, 223

Pawnees, religious beliefs and practices of, 212, 224, 230, 233-236, 263

Payne, Mr., cited, 160, 161, 246

Peden, Rev. Mr., cited, 66

Pelippa, Captain, cited, 173

Pendulum experiment, a form of the, 151

Pepys, cited, 15

Peruvians, religious ideas and practices of, 75, 239-247

Phantasms of the Dead, 128

Phinuit, Dr. See Mrs. Piper

Piper, Mrs., the case of, 132, 136-141

Pliny, cited, 15

Plotinus, cited, 66

Plutarch, cited, 15

Podmore, Mr., on psychical research, 111, 325, 326, 328, 330-336, 338, 339

Poltergeist, the, and his explainers, 334-339

Polynesians, religious beliefs of, 7, 83, 251, 252, 256

Polytheism, 289, 291, 303

Porphyry, cited, 14

Powhattan, Virginian chief, 231, 232

Puluga, Andamanese Supreme Being, 195, 205, 228, 258, 262

Pundjel, Australian god, 258, 261, 262

Puységur, de, his discovery of hypnotic sleep, 29,
cited, 76

Qat, Banks Islands deity, 189, 198, 199

Qing, Bushman, his ideas of the god Cang, 193, 196

Ravenwood, Master of, instanced, 126

Red Indians, beliefs and practices of, 3, 5, 6, 21, 22, 83, 104 _note_,
128, 142, 143, 203

Regnard, M., cited, 71

Renan, M., cited, 285

Révillo, M., cited, 291, 293

Reynolds, Dr. Russell, cited, 22

Rhombos, use of the, 84

Ribot, M., cited, 132

Richet, Professor Charles, hypnotises Léonie, 75, 76
cited, 64, 73, 82, 154, 294

Ritter, Dr., believes in Siderism, 29

Romans, religious ideas of, 302

'Rose, Miss,' her experience of crystal-gazing, 90,91

Rose, Eliza, the case of, 326-330

Roskoff, cited, 42

Rowley, Mr., cited, 149

Russegger, cited, 212

Salcamayhua, cited, 246

Samoyeds, 58, 72

Sand, George, cited, 86

Santos, cited, 214

Saul and the Witch of Endor, 14

Scheffer, cited, 66, 70, 71, 81

Schoolcraft, Mr., cited, 236

Schrenck-Notzing, von, cited, 55 _note_

Scot, Reginald, cited, 15

Scott, Rev. David Clement, cited, 49 _note_, 106, 217, 218

Scott, Sir Walter, his attitude towards clairvoyance, 27
cited, 121, 126

Sebituane, case of, 135, 136

Second-sight, 56, 66, 78-81

Seer-binding, 143

Seers, 72

Shang-ti, Chinese Supreme Being, 245, 290, 291

Shortland, Mr., quoted, 113

Sidgwick, Professor, cited, 318, 332

Sioux, the, 236

Skidi or Wolf Pawnees, the, 233, 234

Smith, Mrs. Erminie, on crystal-gazing, 84

Smith, historian of Virginia, cited, 231, 232

Smith, Robertson, cited, 259, 261, 262, 281 _note_, 298

Smyth, Brough, cited, 42, 178, 182, 293

Society for Psychical Research, 116, 118

Spencer, Herbert, on early religious ideas, 42, 43
ghosts, 47
Animism, 48 _note_, 53, 54
limits of savage language, 49
the Fuegian Big Man, 174
Australian marriage customs, 175
Australian religion, 182
men-gods, 186
religion of Bushmen, 193
ancestor-worship, 212, 213, 271-273
cited, 162, 167, 170, 216, 218, 292

Spiritualism, 324-339.
See Fetishism

Stade, Herr, cited, 276, 284, 285

Stanley, Hans, cited, 12

Starr, cited, 104 _note_

Stoll, cited, 72

Strachey, William, cited, 229-232

Suetonius, cited, 15

Sully, Mr., cited. 295

Sun-worship, 238-245

Supreme Beings of savages, regarded as eternal, moral, and powerful, 193
Cagn, the Bushman god, 193
Puluga, the Andamanese god, 195
savage mysteries and rites, 196
alliance of ethics with religion, 196
the Banks Islanders' belief in Tamate (ghosts) and Vui (Beings who never
had been human), 197
corporeal and incorporeal Vuis, 198
sacrificial offerings to ghosts and spirits, 199
the soul the complex of real bodiless after-images, 200
Fijian belief, 200
Ndengei, the Fijian chief god, 200, 201
the idea of primeval Eternal Beings, 202
the Great Spirit of North American tribes, 203
dream origin of the ghost theory, 203
Guiana Indian names indicating a belief in a Great Spirit, 203-206
the God-cult abandoned for the Ghost-cult, 205
Unkulunkulu, the Zulu Creator, 207-210
the notion of a dead Maker, 208
preference for serviceable family spirits, 209
the Dinka Creator, 211
African ancestor-worship, 212
Mlungu, a deity formed by aggregation of departed spirits, 213
ethical element in religious mysteries, 215
the position of Mtanga, 216
religious beliefs in the Blantyre region, 217, 218
negro tendency to monotheism, 218
beliefs in North and South Guinea, 220
Mungo Park's observation of African beliefs, 221
Islamic influence, 221
the Tshi theory of a loan-god,' borrowed from Europeans, 222-228
varieties of Tshi gods, 224, 225
fetishes, 225
Nana Nyankupon, the 'God of the Christians,' 225-229
American Creators (see under), 230-252
the Polynesian cult, 251, 252
Chinese conceptions, 290-292

Swedenborg, Emanuel, visions of, 26
recovers Mme. Harteville's receipt, 26
his 'Arcana Coelestia,' 27
noticed by Kant, 28, 29, 59

Taa-Roa, Polynesian deity, 251, 252, 256, 280, 308

Table-turning, 151

Tahitians, 251

Taine, M., cited, 57

Ta-li-y-Tooboo, Tongan deity, 278, 279, 282

Tamate, Banks Islands ghosts, 197-199

Tamoi, the 'ancient of heaven,' 188

Tando, Gold Coast god, 225

Tanner, John, case of, 57, 128

Teed, Esther, the Amherst mystery, 333

Telepathy, oppositions of science to, 307
hallucination of memory, 307
presentiments, 308
dreams, 308, 309, 312
veridical hallucinations, 309, 311
coincidence in S.P.R.'s Census cases, 310
non-coincidental cases, 311
condition to beget hallucination, 312
hallucinations mere dreams, 312
crystal-gazing, 314-316
number of coincidences no proof, 316
association of ideas, 316
coincidental collective hallucinations, 317-323
See Crystal visions

Thomson, Basil, cited, 200 _note_, 248, 249, 339

Thought-transference, 4, 29-32, 35
illustrative cases, 88-103

Thouvenel, M., cited, 152

Thyraeus on ghosts, 15

Tien, Chinese heaven, 290, 291

Ti-ra-wá, American Indian god, 234-236, 239

Tlapané, African wizard, 135

Tongans, religious beliefs of, 278-280

Tonkaways, American tribe, 233

Torfaeus, cited, 71

Totemism, 239, 241, 262, 263, 269, 270, 276

Tregear, Mr., on Maori ghost-seeing, 113

Tshi theory of a loan-god, 223-227

Tuckey, Dr. Lloyd, cited, 36

Tui Laga, Fijian deity, 249

Tundun, ancestor of the Kurnai, 181

Tylor, Mr., his test of recurrence, 41
on anthropological origin of religion, 43
on savage philosophy of super-normal phenomena, 45, 53
disproves the assertion about 'godless' tribes, 47
his term Animism, 48, 49
theory of metaphysical genius in low savages, 51
ghost-seers, 54
on psychical conditions of contemporary savages, 54-56
on the influence of Swedenborg, 59
savage names for the ghost-soul, 60
second-sight, 66
mediums, 73
dreams, 106
hallucinations, 110-113, 117, 118
demoniacal possession, 131
fetishism, 148, 149, 165
divining-rod, 153
evolution of gods from ghosts, 163, 164
fetish deities, 165
dualistic idea, 166
Supreme Being of savage creeds, 166, 167
the degeneration theory, 170, 254
confusion of thought upon religion, 182
list of first ancestors deified, 188
savage mysteries, 201
savage Animism, 204
Okeus and his rites, 231
Pachacamac, 245
Confucius's teaching, 290
the mystagogue Home, 325
levitation, 334
cited, 50, 52, 53, 58, 59, 61-63, 78, 151, 161, 162, 170, 173, 184, 185,
203, 231, 232, 246, 257, 293, 297

Tyndall, Professor, cited, 324

Uiracocha, Inca Creator, 242-246

Umabakulists, diviners by sticks, 151

Unkulunkulu, Zulu mythical first ancestor, 164, 168, 188, 202, 207, 220

Vincent, Mr., 29
on clairvoyance, 34, 36, 37

Virchow, cited, 19

Vui, non-ghost gods, 169, 197-200

Wabose, Catherine, Red Indian seeress, experience of, 73, 74

Waltz, cited, 177, 194 _note_, 218-220, 222, 243

Wallace, Alfred Basset, on Hume's theory of 'miracles,' 17, 18
on Ritter, 29
on clairvoyance, 31

Wayao, Supreme Being of the, 213, 214

Wellhausen, cited, 277, 283, 285, 286, 298

Welton, Thomas, on the divining-rod, 154

Wesley, John, cited, 16

White, Joseph, spirit manifestations at his house, 326-331

Wierus, cited, 15

Williams, Mr., cited, 201, 248

Wilson, Mr., cited, 50, 219, 220

Windward Isles, ideas of a God in, 251

Witch of Endor, the, 14, 277, 278

Witchcraft, 14-16

Wodrow, Mr., cited, 16

Wolf tribes, 233

Wynne, Captain, cited, 335

Yama, Vedic-Aryan ghost-god, 188

Yaos, religious beliefs of, 150, 213, 214-216

Yerri Yuppon, good spirit of the Chonos, 175

York, a Fuegian, cited, 174

Yuncus, a Peruvian race, worship of, 240, 246

Zarate, Augustin de, cited, 240

Zoller, M., disturbances in the house of, 156, 157

Zulus, religious beliefs and customs of, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 85, 128,
141, 142, 150, 152, 207-210

Zuñis, hymns of the, 248, 251