Chapter III: of the Origin of Species (2)

We thus perceive the part played by natural selection and other forms of isolation in the making of species. It is obvious that these do not make species any more than the Civil Service Commissioners manufacture Indian civil servants.

The real makers of species are the inherent properties of protoplasm and the laws of variation and heredity. These determine the nature of the organism; natural selection and the like factors merely decide for each particular organism whether it shall survive and give rise to a species.

The way in which natural selection does its work is comparatively easy to understand. But this is only the fringe of the territory which we call evolution.

We seem to be tolerably near a solution of the problem of the causes of the _survival_ of any particular mutation. This, however, is merely a side issue. The real problem is the cause of variations and mutations, or, in other words, how species _originate_. At present our knowledge of the causes of variation and mutation is practically _nil_. We do not even know along what particular lines mutations occur.

We have yet to discover whether one mutation invariably leads to another along the same lines—in other words, whether mutating organisms behave as though they had behind them a force acting in a definite direction. The solution of these problems seems afar off. The hope of solving them lies, not in the speculations in which biologists of to-day are so fond of indulging, but in observation and experiment, especially the last.

The future of biology is largely in the hands of the practical breeder.

FOOTNOTES

[1]The white, pied, and “Japan” individuals are not more different from
the type than some variations occurring in wild birds.

[2]This short-legged type of dog is sometimes seen among the ownerless
and unselected pariah dogs of Indian towns; and a short-legged
variety of the fowl may occur sporadically in Zanzibar, where the
long-legged Malay is the prevalent breed.

[3]“Effected” appears in the earlier editions, but in the later editions
has given place to “affected,” probably a printer’s error.

[4]Some egrets, such as the rock-egrets (_Demiegretta_) of eastern
tropical coasts, are normally grey, but may be white, and this
whiteness may be confined in individuals to the young or adult
states.

[5]After years of observation of these Indian geese, Finn is convinced
they are now, at all events, pure Chinese; it is possible that they
really were hybrids in Blyth’s time, but that fresh importations of
geese from China, such as still occur, may have ultimately swamped
the blood of the common goose. The fertility of the hybrid geese was,
however, known to such early writers as Pallas and Linnæus. Darwin
himself, at a later date, bred five young from a pair of such hybrids
(_Nature_, Jan. 1, 1880, p. 207).

[6]In this chapter we use the word Neo-Darwinism in its usually-accepted
sense, _i.e._ as a name for that which should be called Wallaceism,
for the doctrine of the all-sufficiency of natural selection.

[7]_Animal Colouration_, p. 125. A book full of valuable facts and ideas
on this most interesting subject.

[8]Even these eggs, closely though they resemble in colouring the
shingle, etc., on which they are laid, are discovered and eaten by
gulls, as Mr A. J. R. Roberts points out in _The Bird Book_.

[9]_Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society_, Vol xv. (1903-4), p.
454.

[10]Hutton and Drummond record other examples of this in the valuable
work entitled _The Animals of New Zealand_.

INDEX

A
Accentor, 1
_Accipitcr cooperi_, 243
Acorn, 49
Acquired characters, 10, 14, 15, 18-24, 60, 107-10
_Acræeidæ_, 175, 215, 228
_Ægilops speltæformis_, 118
_Ægithina tiphia_, 244
Æsthetic sense in birds, 306
“African Nature Notes and Reminiscences,” 192, 195, 199
Aggressive resemblance, 173
Aguara-guazu, 181
Aitken, E. H., 64
“Albany Review, The,” 43, 48, 195, 204
Albinism, 64, 65, 99, 283, 284, 362
_Alcedo ispida_, 289
Alcock, Col., 216, 217
Alcohol, 152, 153
Alexander, 181
Allen, Grant, 66
Allotrophy, 159
Alternating characters, 143
Alternative inheritance, 127
Amadavat, 311
_Amandina erythrocephala_, 122
_A. fasciata_, 122
“Amazement,” 93
Amazon parrot, 103
Amazonian dolphin, 99
Ammonites, 67
Ammonium sulphate, 151
Amœba, 35
_Amphidasys betularia_, 101
_Anas boscas_, 123, 334
_A. obscura_, 334
_A. pœcilorhyncha_, 315, 334
_A. superciliosa_, 315, 334
_A. undulata_, 334
_Anastomus oscitans_, 282
Ancon sheep, 95
_Anemone magellanica_, 118
_A. sylvestris_, 118
Anemophilous flowers, 261
“Animal Colouration,” 194, 205, 211, 213, 218, 222
“Animal Life and Intelligence,” 368
“Animals of New Zealand,” 382
_Anous_, 278
_Anser cygnoides_, 114
_Anseranas melanoleucus_, 281
Antarctic fauna, 191
Antelope, 48, 199, 334
_Anthracoceros_, 220
_Anthropoides paradisea_, 279
_A. virgo_, 279
_Antilope cervicapra_, 363
Ape, 101
Apogamy, 370
Appenzeller, 340
_Apus_, 381
“Archiv für Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen,” 325, 330
Arctic fauna, 173, 174, 190, 191
Arctic regions, 173, 189
_Ardea asha_, 317, 318
_A. gularis_, 318
_Ardeola grayii_, 250, 254
Argali, 120, 130, 131
“Argentine Ornithology,” 361
_Argynnis pales_, 381
_A. paphia_, 103
Aristotle, 1
_Artemia milhausenii_, 156
_A. salina_, 156
Aseel, 364
Asexual reproduction, 135
Asiatic, 140
Ass, 117, 127, 128, 140
_Astur badius_, 235
Atavism, 136, 293
_Athene chiaradiæ_, 97
_A. noctua_, 97
Atoms, biological, 158
“Auk, The,” 190
_Aularches militaris_, 216
Avebury, Lord, 205, 260
“Avicultural Magazine, The,” 98
Avocet, 80

B
Babbler, 244
Bactrian camel, 121
Bailey, 88
Baillon’s crake, 251
Balanced characters, 143
_Balearica chrysopelargus_, 105
_B. regulorum_, 105
_Bassaris astuta_, 242
Batesian mimicry, 177
Bateson, 26, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 102, 103, 302
Bats, 42
Bear, 101, 119, 190, 216, 282
Beddard, 180, 188, 194, 205, 211
Bee, 178, 179, 214, 221, 263, 264, 269
Beech, purple, 87
Bee-eater, 220, 278
Beetroots, 71
Belt, 216
Beluga, 190
Bentham, 260
Bestiary, 125
Bicheno’s finch, 105
Bilateral symmetry, 252, 253, 257
Bingham, Col. C. T., 239
Biological atoms, 158-69, 280
Biological molecules, 157-69, 280, 285, 291, 293, 294, 295, 344
Biological radicles, 158-69
Biophors, 153
“Bird Book, the,” 207
“Birds of the Plains,” 233, 303, 309, 359
Bison, 119, 126
Blackcock, 129, 131, 249, 278
Blackberry, 118
Blackbird, 201, 203, 207
Black-buck, 363
Blakiston, 181
Bloodsucker, 220
Blue-bellied waxbill, 104
Blyth, 115, 251
Boisier, 263
_Bombyx arrindia_, 125
_B. cynthia_, 124
Bonhote, 126, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 337
Bontebock, 196
_Boselaphus tragocamelus_, 357, 363
_Bos frontalis_, 126
Boulenger, 88
Bower-bird, 306
Brain-fever bird, 235, 236, 248
Bramble, 261
_Branchipus_, 156
Brannam, 92
Brent, Mr, 307
British Museum, 129, 130, 187
_Bubo virginianus_, 221
_Bubulcus coromandus_, 254
Budgerigars, 101
Buffalo, 120, 199
Buffon, 2
Buff Orpingtons, 65
Buff-tip moth, 215
_Bufo melanostictus_, 219
Bulbul, 123, 220, 221, 244, 245, 255, 256, 279
Bull, 119
_Bungarus cœruleus_, 217, 247
Bunting, reed, 98, 190, 289
_Buphus coromandus_, 317, 318
Burbank, 118
Burnet moth, 102
Bush-buck, 196
Butcher-bird, 241, 253
Buttercups, 70, 267, 274
Butterfly, 45, 47, 102, 103, 196, 197, 203, 204, 209, 212, 216,
238, 239, 240, 250, 264, 280, 306, 381
Buzzard, 262

C
Cacomistle, 242
_Cairina moschata_, 127, 245
Californian currant, 119
_Calœnas nicobarica_, 65
_Calotes versicolor_, 220
Camel, 120, 357
_Campophaga_, 248
Canary, 100, 101, 102, 117, 120, 127, 280, 338, 362
_Canis jubatus_, 181
Capercailzie, 129, 131
Capuchin monkey, 216
Carbon, 153
_Carduelis caniceps_, 255
_C. carduelis_, 255
Carnation, 85, 86
Carnivores, 67
Carp, 102
Carrion crow, 123
Carrot, 71, 269, 270
_Casarca cana_, 129
_C. tadornoides_, 129
“Cassell’s Book of the Horse,” 69
Castle, 149
Castration, effects of, 335, 344
Cat, 61, 98, 99, 100, 206, 282, 283, 339, 350, 356, 361
Cat-rabbit, 125
Cataloe, 119
Cataract, 340
Caterpillars, 155, 175, 205, 211, 215, 221, 350
Cattle, 94, 95, 115
_Centropus sinensis_, 220, 244
_Cephalophus doriæ_, 243
_Cephalopyrus flammiceps_, 244
_Cervulus muntjac_, 101
_C. reevesii_, 114
_C. vaginalis_, 114
_Cervus paludosus_, 180
_C. sika_, 120
_Ceryle rudis_, 202
Chaffinch, 289
Chamba monaul, 104
“Champion Ladybird,” 91, 92, 93
Change of function, theory of, 36, 37
_Chen nivalis_, 282
_C. rossi_, 282
_Chenatopex ægyptiaca_, 316
_Chenonetta jubata_, 316
Chinese goose, 99, 114, 121, 130
Chinese pheasant, 123
_Chloëphaga dispar_, 105
_C. magellanica_, 105, 334
_C. rubidiceps_, 105, 334
Chromosomes, 145-7
_Chrysæna victor_, 333
_Chrysolophus amherstiæ_, 121
_C. obscurus_, 97
_C. pictus_, 97, 121, 337
_Chrysomitris colombiana_, 244
_Chrysotis æstiva_, 103
_Ciconia alba_, 282
_C. boyciana_, 282
Cinnabar moth, 227
_Cissopis leveriana_, 281
Civil Service Commissioners, 385, 387
Cleistogamous flowers, 260
Climate as check on multiplication, 349, 350
Clouded-yellow butterfly, 103
Clover, 69, 274
_Clytus arietis_, 178, 229
Cobra, 224, 225, 226, 358, 359
_Colias edusa_, 103
Colour-blindness, 340
Colouration of Flowers, Law of Progressive, 66
—— of Organisms, 170-296
Columbidæ, 331, 333
Concealing colouration, 184-7
Congenital characters, 18, 19
Conn, 47
“Contemporary Review,” 26
Cope, 15, 67
_Copsychus saularis_, 281
_Coracias affinis_, 123, 255
_C. indica_, 123, 220, 255
Cordon-bleu, 104
Cormorant, 190, 191, 277, 381, 382
Corn, Indian, 81
Correlation, 39, 40, 117, 162, 167, 223, 339, 340, 344, 356-65
_Corvus corone_, 123, 255
_C. cornix_, 123, 255
_C. splendens_, 353
“Country-Side, The,” 261, 265, 266, 273, 304, 311, 313
Courser, 362
Court-bec, 72
Cow, 119, 120, 126
Crab, 155
Crane, 105, 247, 248, 279, 282, 292
_Crateropus bicolor_, 242
_C. canorus_, 179
_Crax globicera_, 104, 304
_C. grayi_, 104
_C. hecki_, 104, 304
Crested newt, 124
Cretaceous reptiles, 67
Crinoids, 67
Crocodile, 187
Cross-fertilisation, 69, 258-60
_Crotalus_, 223
Crow, 47, 123, 206, 220, 247, 255, 281, 353, 355, 359, 361
“Crow-pheasant,” 220
Cryptic colouring, 173
Cuckoo, 220, 233, 235, 236, 243, 244, 247, 248, 289
—— shrike, 248
_Cuculus canorus_, 289
Cuénot, 149
Cunningham, Col., 225, 226, 358
—— J. T., 15, 19, 20, 324, 325, 329, 331, 332, 333, 336
Cupples, Mr, 308
Curassow, 104, 304
Currant, 119
Cut-throat finch, 122
_Cypselus affinis_, 243
_Cytisus adami_, 119

D
Dafila acuta, 122
Dahlia, 86
Daisy, 266, 274
Daltonism, 340
_Damaliscus lunatus_, 363
Damp as a check to multiplication of species, 350, 351
_Danaidæ_, 175, 179, 215, 216, 226, 228
_Danais chrysippus_, 179, 250
Danger signal, 183, 214, 253, 254
Darter, 277
Darwin, 1-12, 14, 25-27, 31, 35, 42, 52, 54-7, 59, 60-3, 68, 83,
96, 112, 114-7, 119, 123, 127, 130, 151, 171, 175, 182,
184, 233, 259, 299, 301-8, 316, 319-21, 325, 326, 347
“Darwin and after Darwin,” 370-5, 377, 381
Darwinian theory, 3, 5-8, 11, 13, 27, 28, 35, 42, 45, 52, 75, 111,
171
Darwinism, 1, 7, 8, 11, 14, 26
“Darwinism,” 40, 53, 112, 117, 178, 207, 213, 228, 322, 323
“Darwinism To-day,” 16, 45, 67
_Dasyurus_, 283
De Candolle, 86
Decorative plumage, 40
Deer, 101, 120, 180, 298
Deerhound, 304, 308
Deer-ponies, 125
Degeneration, 168
Dejerine, 340
Delage, 33, 147
Delbœuf, Law of, 373
_Delias eucharis_, 216, 220, 221
_Demiegretta_, 100
Demoiselle crane, 277
“Descent of Man,” 234, 299, 301, 302, 304, 305, 319, 320, 326
Determination of sex, 165
“Development and Heredity,” 17
De Vries, 26, 66, 69-72, 75-8, 82-9, 95, 105, 118, 151
Dewar, D., 43, 44, 47, 48, 195, 204, 206, 208, 210, 225, 233, 236,
303, 308, 309, 354, 360, 378
Dewar, G. A. B., 196, 197
_Dicrurus ater_, 179, 233
_Didelphys nurina_, 243
Dimorphism, sexual, 51, 200, 201
_Dipsacus_, 58
Disease as a check to multiplication of species, 351
_Dissemurus paradiseus_, 179, 220
Divergence of character, 367
Dog, 59, 68, 99, 100, 125, 225, 226, 282, 283, 304, 308, 352, 357,
364, 365
Dog-rose, 261
Dolphin, 99
Dominant characters, 142
Donald, Mr D., 256
Dragon-fly, 216, 264
Driesh, 136
Drongo cuckoo, 233
Drongo-shrikes, 179, 220
Drummond, 382
Duck, 51, 60, 68, 97, 99, 100, 122, 126-8, 190, 247, 249, 282, 292,
314, 315, 334, 337, 338, 365
Duiker-buck, 243
Dyer, Sir William Thistleton, 26

E
Eagle, 65, 190, 350
Eagle-owl, 221
East, M. E., 79
_Echis carinata_, 224
“Eclipse,” 69
“Edinburgh Review, The,” 38
Eel, 102
Eggs, colours of birds’, 206-9
Egret, 100, 206, 254, 365
Eider-duck, 249
Eimer, 15, 16, 33
Eisig, 222
_Elanoides furcatus_, 282
_Elaps_, 197, 198
Elder, 49
Elementary species, 77, 78, 87, 88, 89
Elk, Irish, 67
_Emberiza citrinella_, 289
_E. pyrrhuloides_, 98
_E. schœniclus_, 98
_Entomophila picata_, 281
Entomophilous flowers, 261
_Epenthesis folleata_, 103
Epilobias, 260
_Equus_, 41
_Erebia manto_, 381
_Erythrura prasina_, 102
“Essays on Evolution,” 11, 173, 177, 181, 184, 213, 223, 226, 227,
229, 230, 231, 234, 237, 238, 239
_Estrelda cyanogastra_, 104
_E. phœnicotis_, 104
Ether, 152, 153
_Euchelia jacobacæ_, 227
Eurasian, 140
European, 140
_Euxenura maguari_, 282
Evening primrose, 84, 85, 88
“Evolution of Sex, The,” 306
Existence, struggle for, 31, 32
Eye-colour in human beings, 310
Eyesight of birds, 211, 237-41
—— insects, 264
Eyton, 15

F
“Faery Year, The,” 196
Falcon, 204, 246, 250
_Falco peregrinator_, 251
_F. severus_, 251
False mimicry, 243
Faults in poultry, 64
Ferrets, 100, 119
Finch, 117, 120
—— Bicheno’s, 105
—— chestnut-breasted, 98
—— cut-throat, 122
—— Gouldian, 98
—— Nonpareil, 102
—— red-headed, 142
—— ringed, 104
—— saffron, 244
—— yellow-rumped, 98
Finn, 99, 102, 115, 131, 179, 216, 219, 220, 235, 241, 255, 304,
309, 310, 313, 315, 316, 358
Fittest, survival of the, 32
Flowers, 65, 66
Flowers, colours of, 258-75
Fly-catchers, 44, 45, 47, 285, 338
Flying squirrel, 243
“Fortnightly Review, The,” 37, 38
Foul-brood, 353
Fowl, 56, 58, 61, 64, 65, 99, 101, 125, 127, 128, 282, 301, 302,
307, 314, 330, 336, 338, 339, 361, 362, 364, 365
Fowl-ducks, 125
Foxes, 101, 131, 190, 191
Fox-terrier, 19
Franqueiro cattle, 95
_Francolinus pondicerianus_, 337
Friar-bird, 249
_Fringella coelebs_, 209
Fritillary butterfly, 103
Frog, 325
Fruits, colours of, 258, 275
_Fuligula marila_, 290
Fulmar petrel, 190
Function, change of, 36, 37
Fungi, 263

G
Gadow, Dr, 197, 245
Gadwall, 126, 315
Galton, 81, 82, 374
“Game Birds and Wild Fowl of India,” 131
Gametes, segregation of, 143-5
Gannet, 282
Gayal, 126
Gauchos, 359
Gecko, 210
Geddes, 306, 326
Gemmules, 151
“Genesis of Species,” 7, 61
Geographical isolation, 375
Geological record, imperfection of, 40-2, 94
Geranium, 260
Germ-plasm, continuity of the, 25
Germinal variations, 106-10
_Geum urbanum_, 263
Gibbon ape, 101
Giraffe, 17, 18, 192, 196
_Globicera_, 104
Glutton, 190
Goat, 283
Goethe, 2
Golden pheasant, 97, 129, 149, 337, 338
Golden tench, 101
Goldfinch, 127, 255
Goldfish, 101, 102
Goose, 99, 100, 105, 115, 121, 130, 190, 281, 316, 334, 339
Gordon’s currant, 119
Goshawk, 247
Gouldian Finch, 99
Graba, 58
Gradation of colour, principle of, 185
_Graculipica melanoptera_, 244
“Grammar of Science, The,” 309
Grass, 273
Grasshopper, 185
Greenfinch, 122
Greyhound, 364
Grosbeak, 281, 284
Groundsel, 260
Grouse, red, 125
Growth-force, 15, 16, 68
_Grus leucogeranus_, 282
Guillemot, 58, 190, 245
Guinea-fowl, 100, 127, 128, 279, 362
Guinea-pig, 95, 101, 129, 283
Gulick, 369, 372-7, 380
Gull, 190, 191, 207, 247, 290, 355
_Gygis_, 278
Gyrfalcon, 190

H
Haeckel, 15, 24
Hæmophilia, 340
_Halcyon smyrnensis_, 202
_Haliœtus albicilla_, 65
Hare, 131, 185, 200
Harrier, 101
Hartebeeste, 363
Hawk-cuckoo, 235, 236
Hawk-eagle, 101
Hawks, 222, 235, 236, 247, 277
_Hecki_, 104
Helice, 103
_Heliconidæ_, 175, 215, 216, 228
Heloderm, 217
Henslow, 15, 22, 23, 47, 48, 259
“Heredity,” 103, 145, 166, 340
“Heredity of Acquired Characters in Plants,” 22, 48
“Heredity of Sexual Characters in relation to Hormones,” 19, 330
Heron, 250, 317
Herring, 193
Hertwig, 151
Heusinger, 357
Hewitt, Mr, 307
_Hierococcyx varius_, 235, 248
Hilversum, 84
Himalayan argali, 120
Hinny, 127, 136, 140, 162
_Hipparchia, semele_, 205
_Hippotragus equinus_, 334
_H. niger_, 334
_Hirundo rustica_, 251
_H. tytleri_, 251
“History of Creation,” 24
Hobby, 250, 251
Homogamy, 370
Honeyeater, 281
Hormones, 335, 338
Hornbill, 65, 220
Horner, 340
Horse, 61, 68, 69, 95, 96, 100, 101, 117, 127, 128, 140, 266, 267,
268, 272, 283, 332, 352, 363, 364, 374
Horse, genealogy of, 41
Houghton, 91
Howard, 315, 332
Hubrecht, 26
Hume, 131
Humming-bird, 328
Hutton, 3
Hutton, Captain, 115, 382
Huxley, 3, 6, 11, 40, 100, 111
Hyæna, 353
Hybridism, 111-32, 292, 293
Hydra, 21
Hydrogen, 152, 153
_Hydrophasianus chirurgus_, 250
_Hyla_, 245
Hypertely, 237, 240
_Hypolimnas misippus_, 179, 180

I
“Ibis, The,” 255, 256
_Icterus vulgaris_, 244, 281, 284
Impeyan pheasant, 104
Indian Civil Service, 385, 386, 387
Indian corn, 81
Inheritance, 133-69
—— alternative, 127
—— blended, 140, 148
—— definition of, 138
—— of acquired characters, 10, 14, 15, 18-24, 60, 107-10
—— particulate, 140
—— unilateral, 139, 140, 162
Insectivores, 67
Intercrossing, swamping effects of, 42, 83
Intimidating attitudes, 224, 225
Iora, 244
Iridescence, 186
Irish elk, 67, 168
Isolation, 366-82, 387
Isomerism, biological, 154-8
—— chemical, 152-4, 157
_Ithomiinæ_, 228, 246
Ivy, 261

J
Jacana, 250
Jackdaw, 51, 306
Jaeger, 86
Jaguar, 45, 358
Japanese greenfinch, 122
—— pheasant, 122, 124, 129
Jardin des plantes, 88
Java sparrow, 99, 100
Jelly-fish, 192
Jesse, W., 255
Johnston, 92
“Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society,” 209
“Journal of the Royal Society of Arts,” 236, 324, 378
Jungle-babbler, 179
Jungle fowl, 332

K
Kallima, 45, 47, 209, 212, 235, 386
Kellog, 16, 26, 45, 47, 67
Kingfisher, 202, 203, 206
Kite, 282
“Knowledge,” 171, 198, 277
Korchinsky, 15, 33
Krait, 216, 247
Kuppa, 224

L
Labernum, 119
_Lachnanthes_, 357
Ladybird, 213, 214
Lamarck, 2, 14, 17, 52
Lamarckism, 16, 24, 25
Lambert, Edward, 341
Lankester, Sir E. Ray, 13, 25
Lapwing, 207
Lark, 185, 362
_Larus ridibundus_, 290
Latent characters, 149
Law of battle, 301, 302, 321
Leaf-butterfly, 45, 47, 209, 235, 386
Lemming, 190
Lemur, 242, 243
_Lemur catta_, 242
Leopard, black, 101, 354, 358
_Leucopternis_, 282
_Ligurinus sinicus_, 122
Lily, 146
_Linaria vulgaris peloria_, 86
Linden, Gräfin von, 155
Links, missing, 41, 42
Linnæus, 65, 115
Linnet, 212, 338
“Linus I.,” 95, 96
Lion, 192, 334, 349, 352
_Liothrix luteus_, 179
Lizard, 64, 207, 210, 212, 216, 217, 220, 223, 269, 350
_Loddigesia mirabilis_, 328
Loeb, 147
_Lophophorus chambanus_, 104
_L. impeyanus_, 104
Lucerne, 118
Lung, 36, 37
Lutinism, 102
_Lycæna donzelli_, 381
_L. pheretes_, 381
_Lycodon aulicus_, 247
Lyell, 3

M
Mackerel, 193
Madingly, 102
_Mænia typica_, 221
Magnus, 86
Magpie, 281
Magpie colouring, 66, 67, 280, 281
Magrath, 256
Male-fern, 49
Mallard, 65, 97, 122, 126, 132, 293, 313, 315, 334, 337
Malthus, 31
Malva, 260
Manchester School, 27
Mannikin, 104
Marbled newt, 124, 245
Marshall, 28
—— Mr G. A. K., 239
—— Milnes, 37, 174
Marsupials, 67
Masters, 86
“Materials for the Study of Variation,” 73, 103
Mauchamp sheep, 95
Mayer, 228
“Mechanischphysiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre,” 15
_Medicago media_, 118
_Megascops asio_, 44
Melanism, 64, 101, 360
_Melopsittacus undulatus_, 101
Mendel, 42, 74, 136, 141, 142, 144, 145
Mendel’s Law, 145, 149, 150, 161
Mendelism, 145
_Mesohippus_, 41
Micellæ, 151
_Micropus melanoleucus_, 245
“Mikado, The,” 237
Mildew, 49
Mimicry, conditions of, 178
Mimicry, protective, 45, 50, 51, 173, 177-82, 226-51, 275, 293, 294
Mink, 243
_Miohippus_, 41
Missing links, 41, 42
Missouri currant, 119
Mivart, Dr St George, 7, 61
Mole, 180
_Molge blasii_, 124
_M. cristata_, 124
_M. marmorata_, 124
_M. vulgaris_, 221
Mollusca, 49
—— of Sandwich Islands, 375, 378
Molpastes, 123, 255
_Molpastes bengalensis_, 256, 379
_M. burmanicus_, 379
_M. hæmorrhous_, 255, 379
_M. intermedius_, 256, 379
_M. leucogenys_, 256
Monaul, 104
Monkey, 64, 213
Monotypic evolution, 366
Monstrosities, 56, 57, 358
Morgan, Prof. Ll., 368
—— T. H., 26
Morse, 190
Moseley, Prof., 311
_Motacilla lugubris_, 122
_M. melanope_, 122
Moth, 101, 102, 124, 209, 215, 227, 238, 240
Mouse, 64, 105, 139, 141, 146, 149, 150, 180, 185, 282, 359
Mule, 127, 136, 140, 160, 162
Müller, Fritz, 81, 180
Müllerian mimicry, 177, 181, 182
_Munia atricapilla_, 104
_M. castaneithorax_, 98
_M. flaviprymna_, 98
_M. malacca_, 104
Muscovy duck, 99, 127, 128, 281
Musk ox, 190, 192
_Mustela sarmatica_, 243
Mutations, 41, 43, 66, 69, 72, 75-105, 124, 127, 134, 159, 160,
169, 223, 280, 281, 284, 292, 295, 339, 341, 342-4, 380-8
Mutations, theory of, 26, 38, 75, 76, 95
Myna, 244
_Myristicivoræ_, 282

N
Naegeli, 15, 16, 151
Nahrwal, 190
Natural selection, theory of, stated, 31, 32
“Nature,” 184
Nautili, 67
Nectar of flowers, 262, 264, 265, 268, 270, 271
Neo-Darwinians, 13, 14, 25, 173, 174, 176, 188, 214, 218, 222, 233,
238, 242, 263, 264
Neo-Darwinism, 51, 172, 234, 235, 264, 275, 276, 297
Neo-Lamarckians, 13, 14, 15
_Neophron_, 282
_Nepheronia hippia_, 179
_Nettium albigulare_, 179
New organs, beginnings of, 36, 73
Newman, 126
Newt, 124, 221, 222
Niata cattle, 95
Nicobar pigeon, 65
Nilgai, 337
Nitrogen, 153
Noddy, 62, 279
Nonpareil finch, 102
_Nyroca africana_, 337

O
Oates, 255, 379
Obliterative colouration, 184-7
_Ocydromus_, 365
_Œnis_, 205
_Œnopopelia tranquebarica_, 122, 123, 324, 333
_Œnothera lamarckiana_, 84, 85, 87, 88
_Ononis repens_, 23
_O. spinosa_, 22
Opossum, 243
Orchid, 268, 269, 270, 272
_Orgyia antiqua_, 215
“Origin of Species, The,” 7, 9, 11, 31, 53, 57, 63, 114, 170, 194,
347, 348, 356, 367
Oriole, 244, 249, 284, 304
_Oriolus galbula_, 282
_O. kundoo_, 282
_O. melanocephalus_, 244, 284
“Ornithological and Other Oddities,” 255
_Orohippus_, 41
Orr, 15-7
Orthogenesis, 15, 16, 34
_Ossifraga gigantea_, 99, 362
_Otidiphaps insularis_, 244
_Ovis ammon_, 120
_O. vignei_, 120
Owen, Sir Richard, 7
Owl, 247, 277, 289
—— little, 97, 98
—— scops, 101
—— snowy, 190
Ox, 146, 352
Oxygen, 152, 153, 263

P
Paddy bird, 254
Paint-root, 357
_Palæornis torquatus_, 102, 325
Pallas, 115
Pansy, 260
Panther, 360
_Papilio_, 228, 246
_P. aristolochiæ_, 179, 216, 220, 221
_P. polites_, 179
Paradise, bird of, 62, 249
Paradise flycatcher, 47, 202, 298, 303, 316, 324, 338
_Paradisea apoda_, 249
Paraguay cattle, 94
_Parnassius apollo_, 155
Paroquet, 102, 121, 325
Parrot, 103
Parthenogenesis, 135, 138
Partridge, 185, 315, 337
_Parus leucopterus_, 245
_Passer domesticus_, 289, 342
_P. montanus_, 342
_P. swainsoni_, 342
Pasteur, 5
_Pavo nigripennis_, 96
_Pavoncella pugnax_, 343
Pea, sweet, 74, 75, 81, 141
Pear, 72
Pearson, Karl, 309, 310
Peckham, 308
Pekin robin, 179
Pelagic animals, 173, 192-4
Penguin, 191
Pennant’s parakeet, 121
_Petaurus breviceps_, 243
Petrel, 44, 190, 191, 277, 337
Pfeffer, 33
_Phalacrocorax carbo_, 381
Phalanger, 243
Phalarope, 327
_Phasianidæ_, 125, 330
_Phasianus colchicus_, 114, 123
_P. torquatus_, 114, 123
_P. versicolor_, 114, 123, 124
Pheasant, 97, 104, 114, 121, 123, 128-30, 141, 315, 336, 338
Pictet, 155, 156
_Pieris napi_, 155
_Piezorhynchus_, 285
Pig, 57, 283, 357, 365
Pigeon, 61, 62, 65, 68, 71, 72, 91, 92, 93, 98, 101, 109, 126, 127,
244, 277, 282, 353, 357, 364, 365
Pigment, massing of, 256
Pike, 102, 222
Pimpernel, 261
Pintail duck, 130, 132, 293, 337
Pintailed nonpareil finch, 102
“Plant Breeding,” 87
Plasomes, 151
Plastidules, 151
_Platycercus elegans_, 121
_P. erythropeplus_, 121
_P. eximius_, 121
_Pliohippus_, 41
Plover, 207
Plumage, decorative, 40
Pochard, 126, 337
Pœcilomeres, 288-95
_Poëephila mirabilis_, 99
Polar bear, 119, 130
Polar bodies, 135
Polecat, 119
Polytypic evolution, 367
Poppy, 82, 261
_Porzana bailloni_, 251
_P. pusilla_, 251
Post-nuptial display, 316
_Potentilla tormentilla_, 263
Poulton, 11, 25, 26, 171, 173, 177, 181, 184, 210, 213, 217, 221,
223-5, 229-35, 238-42
_Precis artexia_, 203, 204, 212
Preferential mating among human beings, 309, 310
Prepotency, 136
Prickly pear, 274
Primrose, evening, 84, 85, 88
Pritchard, Hesketh, 359
“Proceedings of the Fourth International Ornithological Congress,”
288, 337
“Proceedings of the Linnæan Society,” 288
“Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Brunn,” 141
_Protohippus_, 37
_Pseudoclytia pentata_, 103
Pseudo-sematic colours, 173
_Pseudotantalus cinereus_, 282
Ptarmigan, 190
_Pteroclurus exustus_, 204
Puffin, 191
Pugnacity of animals, 206, 360
Puma, 45
Purple beech, 87
Pycraft, W. P., 277
_Pycnorhampus affinis_, 284
_P. icteroides_, 284
_Pygæra bucephala_, 215

Q
Quail, 185
Quatrefages, de, 124
_Quelea quelea_, 98
_Q. russi_, 98
_Querquedula crecca_, 290
Quetelet’s Law, 77

R
Rabbit, 99, 100, 105, 183, 253, 283, 350, 352
Racehorse, 69
Radicles, biological, 159
_Rallus aquaticus_, 251
_R. indicus_, 251
_Ranunculus bulbosus_, 70
_Rappia_, 245
Raspberry, 118
Rat, 74, 282
—— water, 101
Raven, 190
Razorbill, 190
Recessive characters, 142
Recognition colours, 251-7, 275
—— marks, 124
Red-mantled parakeet, 121
Redpole, 207
Redwing, 354
Reed bunting, 98
Reeves’ pheasant, 129
Regression, Law of, 82, 374
Reid, Archdale, 5
Reindeer, 190
Rest-harrow, 22
Reversion, 64, 65, 129, 293
_Rhinosciurus tupaioides_, 180
_Rhodocera rhamni_, 155
_Rhododendron ferrugineum_, 118
_R. hirsutum_, 118
_Rhynchæa_, 327
Ricardo, 28
Ringed finch, 104
Robin, 281, 378
Robin, Indian, 202
Robinson, Dr H., 171, 198
—— E. K., 261, 264, 265, 266, 268, 270, 272-4
Rodents, 67
Rogeron, 126
Roller, 123, 220, 255
Romanes, 366-81
Rook, 51, 187
Rose, 61, 267
Rosella parakeet, 121
Rous, Admiral, 69
Roux, 136
Ruff, 343

S
Sable, 190
Saffron finch, 244
Sainfoin, 267
Salamander, 217, 219, 221
_Salix alba_, 118
_S. pentandra_, 118
Sandgrouse, 204, 351
Sandpipers, 185, 190
Sassaby, 363
_Satyridæ_, 205
Scatliff, H. P., 91-3
Scatliff strain, 91
Scaup, 290
Schmankewitsch, 156
“Science,” 166
_Sciuropterus volucella_, 243
_Scops giu_, 101
Scops owl, American, 44
——, Indian, 101
Scoter, 249
Seal, 190, 191
Sea-urchin, 149
Seaweed, 263
Sebright, Sir John, 63
Secondary sexual characters, 298
Segregation, 369
—— of gametes, 143-5
Selous, Edmund, 308
—— F. C., 192, 195, 197, 203
Sematic colours, 173
_Sesia fuciformis_, 178
Sexual dimorphism, 51, 297-344
Sexual selection, theory of, 299-321
Shaheen, 251
Shamrock, 274
Sheathbill, 191
Sheep, 95, 266, 267, 283, 357, 372
Sheldrake, 109, 129
Shikra, 235, 236
Shoveler, 290
Shrew, 180, 216
Sidgwick, 28
Sidney, 5, 49
Sika deer, 120
Silver-washed fritillary butterfly, 103
Siskin, 127, 244
Skua, Arctic, 44, 362
Skua-gull, 191
Skunk, 186, 217, 221
Skylark, 315
Slug, 49, 185
Smith, Adam, 28
Snake, 185, 197, 198, 217, 220, 223-6, 247, 356
Snap-dragon, 268, 272
Snipe, 69, 327
Sodium sulphate, 151
Somatic variations, 106-10
“Some Indian Friends and Acquaintances,” 225, 358
Sorrel, 274
Sparrow, 213, 241, 341, 342
—— Java, 99, 100
Sparrow-hawk, 235, 243
_Spatula clypeata_, 290
Spavin, 332
“Species and Varieties,” 69, 77, 84, 87, 118
Species, definition of, 89
Species, elementary, 77, 78, 87-9
Spencer, 3, 15, 16, 28, 38, 151
Spider, 269, 272
_Sporæginthus amandava_, 311
Sports, 41, 43, 66, 75, 85, 135
Squirrel, 101, 186, 243
Stag, 325
—— Irish, 67
Standfuss, 155
Stanley crane, 248, 279
St Hilaire, T. G., 2, 356
Stick insect, 209
_Stictoptera annulosa_, 104
Stoat, 119, 190, 290
Stolzmann, 327-9, 342, 343
Stonechat, 353
Stork, 247, 282
“Strand Magazine,” 64
_Strix flammea_, 289
Struggle for existence, 31, 32, 48
—— for nourishment, 167
Suchetet, A., 126, 130
_Sula capensis_, 282
_S. serrator_, 282
Sunbird, 324
_Surniculus lugubris_, 235, 243
Survival of the fittest, 32
Survival value, 33, 34
Swallow, 250, 251, 279, 361
Swallow-shrike, 281
Swallow-tail butterfly, 179
Swan, 100
Swift, 243, 250
Swimming bladder of fishes, 36, 37
_Sycalis flaveola_, 244
_Syrphidæ_, 178

T
_Tachycineta leucorrhoa_, 361
_Tadorna cornuta_, 129
_T. tadornoides_, 129
Tails, 62, 64
Tait, Mr, 356
Tanager, 281
Tapir, 42
Tasmanian devil, 282
Teal, 290, 316
Teasel, fuller’s, 58
Teeth, molar, 105
Tegetmeier, Mr, 307
Tern, 62, 278
_Terpsiphone paradisi_, 202, 298, 304, 316, 324
_Tetraogallus_, 337
_Tetraonidæ_, 125
_Tetrapteryx paradisea_, 249
_Tetrao tetrix_, 129
_T. urogallus_, 129
_Thamnobia cambayensis_, 202, 275
_T. fulicata_, 202, 378
Thayer, Mr Abbot, 184-7
Thompson, Seton, 354
Thomson, 103, 136, 145, 166, 306, 326, 340
Throat disease, 353
“Through Southern Mexico,” 197, 245
“Through the Heart of Patagonia,” 359
Thrush, 203, 207, 355
Tiger, 334
Tit, 245
Toad, 210, 219, 241
Toad-flax, 56
Tortoise, 222
Trefoil, 274
_Trochilium_, 229
Trogon, 62
_Tropidonotus piscator_, 220
Troupial, 244, 281, 284
Tsetse-fly, 352
_Tupaia_, 180, 216
_T. ellioti_, 216
Turbit, 72, 91-3
“Turbit, The Modern,” 91
Turkey, 95, 363
Turnspit dog, 59
_Turtur cambayensis_, 333
_T. suratensis_, 333
_T. risorius_, 33, 123, 126
Tylor, Mr Alfred, 287

U
Ungulates, 67
Unilateral transmission, 341
Unit characters, 148-52
_Uria grylle_, 245
_U. lacrymans_, 58
Urial, 120, 130, 131
_Urodynamis tritensis_, 243

V
Valezina, 103
_Vanessa levana_, 154
_V. prorsa_, 154
Vapourer moth, 215
Variation, 52-110
—— cause of, 59-60
—— continuous, 56, 69, 76, 105
—— definite, 55
—— determinate, 55
—— discontinuous, 43, 56, 72, 73, 76, 78, 79, 87, 105, 106, 133,
159, 295
—— germinal, 106-10, 133
—— indefinite, 55, 59
—— somatic, 106-110
_Viola_, 260
_V. tricolor_, 260
Volckamer, 86
Vulture, 282

W
Waggett, 12
Wagner, 369, 372
Wagtail, 122, 203
Wallace, 3, 10, 13, 14, 25, 26, 35-42, 53, 112, 114, 116, 117, 171,
175, 177, 183, 184, 207, 213, 228, 230, 251, 253, 256, 287,
296, 308, 321-7, 343, 372, 377
Wallaceian school of biologists, 14, 24, 25, 47, 192, 210, 251,
346, 347, 366, 377
Wallaceism, 172, 202
Walrus, 190
Warblers, British, 315, 332
Warning colours, 173, 176, 198, 212-26
Wasp, 174, 178, 179, 214, 227
Wasp-beetle, 229
Water-rail, 251
Waxbill, blue-bellied, 104
Weasel, 190
Weaver, red-billed, 98
Weber, 86
Weir, Mr Jenner, 299
Weismann, 25, 106, 107, 151, 154
Weka rail, 365
“Westminster Review,” 112
Weston, G. E., 127
Whale, 42, 185, 190, 193
Wheatear, 253
Whinchat, 253
Wiesner, 151
Wilson, Prof. E. B., 166
Winter coat, 188
Wolf, 48, 130, 185, 192
Wonder horse, 95, 96
Woodpecker, 102
Wright, Mr, 304
Wyman, Professor, 357

X
X-element, 165

Y
Yak, 120
Yarrow, 268
“Year-book of the Smithsonian Institution,” 184
Yerbury, Col., 239
Youatt, 63

Z
Zebra, 196
Zebu, 120
Zocher & Co., 56
Zoological Gardens, Lahore, 309
——, London, 104, 119, 126, 130, 206, 304, 316
Zoological Society of London, 330
_Zygæna filipendulæ_, 102

_OTHER WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHORS_

By DOUGLAS DEWAR

BOMBAY DUCKS
BIRDS OF THE PLAINS
ANIMALS OF NO IMPORTANCE
Etc. Etc.

By FRANK FINN

ORNITHOLOGICAL AND OTHER ODDITIES
THE WORLD’S BIRDS
WILD BEASTS OF THE WORLD
GARDEN AND AVIARY BIRDS IN INDIA
Etc. Etc.

ORNITHOLOGICAL AND OTHER ODDITIES

BY
FRANK FINN, B.A. (Oxon), F.Z.S.
LATE DEPUTY-SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM, CALCUTTA

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS

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BOMBAY DUCKS

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_NOTICE_

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_WORKS UPON NAPOLEON_

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∵ _Ralph Heathcote, the son of an English father and an Alsatian
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with whom he assures his mother he is not in love. On the whole, there
is much interesting material for lovers of old letters and journals._

MEMOIRS OF THE COUNT DE CARTRIE. A record of the extraordinary events in the life of a French Royalist during the war in La Vendée, and of his flight to Southampton, where he followed the humble occupation of gardener. With an introduction by Frédéric Masson, Appendices and Notes by Pierre Amédée Pichot, and other hands, and numerous Illustrations, including a Photogravure Portrait of the Author. Demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Daily News._—“We have seldom met with a human document which has
interested us so much.”

_Athenæum._—“As a record of personal suffering and indomitable
perseverance against opposing circumstances the narrative of De
Cartrie’s escape to the Eastern frontier, in the disguise of a
master-gunner, could not easily be surpassed.”

WOMEN OF THE SECOND EMPIRE. Chronicles of the Court of Napoleon III. By Frédéric Loliée. With an introduction by _Richard Whiteing_ and 53 full-page Illustrations, 3 in Photogravure. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_Standard._—“M. Frédéric Loliée has written a remarkable book, vivid
and pitiless in its description of the intrigue and dare-devil spirit
which flourished unchecked at the French Court. . . . Mr. Richard
Whiteing’s introduction is written with restraint and dignity.”

_Daily Telegraph._—“It is a really fascinating story, or series of
stories, set forth in this volume. . . . Here are anecdotes innumerable
of the brilliant women of the Second Empire, so that in reading the
book we are not only dazzled by the beauty and gorgeousness of
everything, but we are entertained by the record of things said and
done, and through all we are conscious of the coming ‘gloom and doom’
so soon to overtake the Court. Few novels possess the fascination of
this spirited work, and many readers will hope that the author will
carry out his proposal of giving us a further series of memories of the
‘Women of the Second Empire.’”

LOUIS NAPOLEON AND THE GENESIS OF THE SECOND EMPIRE. By F. H. Cheetham. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5¾ inches). 16_s._ net.

MEMOIRS OF MADEMOISELLE DES ÉCHEROLLES. Translated from the French by Marie Clothilde Balfour. With an Introduction by G. K. Fortescue. Portraits, etc. 5_s._ net.

_Liverpool Mercury._—“. . . this absorbing book. . . . The work has a
very decided historical value. The translation is excellent, and quite
notable in the preservation of idiom.”

JANE AUSTEN’S SAILOR BROTHERS. Being the life and Adventures of Sir Francis Austen, G.C.B., Admiral of the Fleet, and Rear-Admiral Charles Austen. By J. H. and E. C. Hubback. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Morning Post._—“. . . May be welcomed as an important addition to
Austeniana . . .; it is besides valuable for its glimpses of life in
the Navy, its illustrations of the feelings and sentiments of naval
officers during the period that preceded and that which followed the
great battle of just one century ago, the battle which won so much but
which cost us—Nelson.”

SOME WOMEN LOVING AND LUCKLESS. By Teodor de Wyzewa. Translated from the French by C. H. Jeffreson, M.A. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5¾ inches), 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

POETRY AND PROGRESS IN RUSSIA. By Rosa Newmarch. With 6 full-page Portraits. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Standard._—“Distinctly a book that should be read . . . pleasantly
written and well informed.”

THE LIFE OF PETER ILICH TCHAIKOVSKY (1840-1893). By his Brother, Modeste Tchaikovsky. Edited and abridged from the Russian and German Editions by Rosa Newmarch. With Numerous Illustrations and Facsimiles and an Introduction by the Editor. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net. Second edition.

_The Times._—“A most illuminating commentary on Tchaikovsky’s music.”

_World._—“One of the most fascinating self-revelations by an artist
which has been given to the world. The translation is excellent, and
worth reading for its own sake.”

_Contemporary Review._—“The book’s appeal is, of course, primarily to
the music-lover; but there is so much of human and literary interest in
it, such intimate revelation of a singularly interesting personality,
that many who have never come under the spell of the Pathetic Symphony
will be strongly attracted by what is virtually the spiritual
autobiography of its composer. High praise is due to the translator and
editor for the literary skill with which she has prepared the English
version of this fascinating work . . . There have been few collections
of letters published within recent years that give so vivid a portrait
of the writer as that presented to us in these pages.”

COKE OF NORFOLK AND HIS FRIENDS: The Life of Thomas William Coke, First Earl of Leicester of the second creation, containing an account of his Ancestry, Surroundings, Public Services, and Private Friendships, and including many Unpublished Letters from Noted Men of his day, English and American. By A. M. W. Stirling. With 20 Photogravure and upwards of 40 other Illustrations reproduced from Contemporary Portraits, Prints, etc. Demy 8vo. 2 vols. 32_s._ net.

_The Times._—“We thank Mr. Stirling for one of the most interesting
memoirs of recent years.”

_Daily Telegraph._—“A very remarkable literary performance. Mrs.
Stirling has achieved a resurrection. She has fashioned a picture of a
dead and forgotten past and brought before our eyes with the vividness
of breathing existence the life of our English ancestors of the
eighteenth century.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._—“A work of no common interest; in fact, a work
which may almost be called unique.”

_Evening Standard._—“One of the most interesting biographies we have
read for years.”

THE LIFE OF SIR HALLIDAY MACARTNEY, K.C.M.G., Commander of Li Hung Chang’s trained force in the Taeping Rebellion, founder of the first Chinese Arsenal, Secretary to the first Chinese Embassy to Europe. Secretary and Councillor to the Chinese Legation in London for thirty years. By Demetrius C. Boulger, Author of the “History of China,” the “Life of Gordon,” etc. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 24_s._ net.

_Daily Graphic._—“It is sate to say that few readers will be able to
put down the book without feeling the better for having read it . . .
not only full of personal interest, but tells us much that we never
knew before on some not unimportant details.”

DEVONSHIRE CHARACTERS AND STRANGE EVENTS. By S. Baring-Gould, M.A., Author of “Yorkshire Oddities,” etc. With 58 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_Daily News._—“A fascinating series . . . the whole book is rich in
human interest. It is by personal touches, drawn from traditions and
memories, that the dead men surrounded by the curious panoply of their
time, are made to live again in Mr. Baring-Gould’s pages.”

CORNISH CHARACTERS AND STRANGE EVENTS. By S. Baring-Gould. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

THE HEART OF GAMBETTA. Translated from the French of Francis Laur by Violette Montagu. With an Introduction by John Macdonald, Portraits and other Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Daily Telegraph._—“It is Gambetta pouring out his soul to Léonie Leon,
the strange, passionate, masterful demagogue, who wielded the most
persuasive oratory of modern times, acknowledging his idol, his
inspiration, his Egeria.”

THE MEMOIRS OF ANN, LADY FANSHAWE. Written by Lady Fanshawe. With Extracts from the Correspondence of Sir Richard Fanshawe. Edited by H. C. Fanshawe. With 38 Full-page Illustrations, including four in Photogravure and one in Colour. Demy 8vo. 16_s._ net.

∵ _This Edition has been printed direct from the original manuscript in
the possession of the Fanshawe Family, and Mr. H. C. Fanshawe
contributes numerous notes which form a running commentary on the text.
Many famous pictures are reproduced, including paintings by Velazquez
and Van Dyck._

THE LIFE OF JOAN OF ARC. By Anatole France. A Translation by Winifred Stephens. With 8 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 9 × 5¾ inches, 2 vols. Price 25_s._ net.

∵ _Joan of Arc, by her friends accounted a saint, by her enemies a
witch, stands out the one supreme figure of the French 15th century;
that period of storm and stress, that time of birth-giving from which
proceeded the glories of the Renaissance. Bitter controversy raged
round the Maid in her life-time. Round her story to-day literary
polemic waxes high; and her life by Anatole France is the most eagerly
discussed book of the century. That it presents a life-like picture of
the time critics of all parties agree. Its author has well equipped
himself with the best erudition of the last thirty years. To the fruits
of these researches he has added profound philosophy and true
historical insight, and thus into consummate literary art he has
painted a more vivid picture of the French 15th century than has ever
yet been presented in any literature. The Maid herself Monsieur France
regards not as a skilful general or a wily politician as some writers
have endeavoured to make out, but as above all things a saint. It was
by her purity and innate goodness that she triumphed. “It was not Joan
who drove the English out of France . . . And yet the young saint
played the noblest part in the salvation of her country. Hers was the
part of sacrifice. She set the example of high courage and gave to
heroism a new and attractive form._

THE DAUGHTER OF LOUIS XVI. Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France, Duchesse D’Angoulême. By G. Lenotre. With 13 Full-page Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 10_s._ 6_d._ net.

∵ _M. G. Lenotre is perhaps the most widely read of a group of modern
French writers who have succeeded in treating history from a point of
view at once scientific, dramatic and popular. He has made the
Revolution his particular field of research, and deals not only with
the most prominent figures of that period, but with many minor
characters whose life-stories are quite as thrilling as anything in
fiction. The localities in which these dramas were enacted are vividly
brought before us in his works, for no one has reconstructed 18th
century Paris with more picturesque and accurate detail. “The Daughter
of Louis XVI.” is quite equal in interest and literary merit to any of
the volumes which have preceded it, not excepting the famous Drama of
Varennes. As usual, M. Lenotre draws his material largely from
contemporary documents, and among the most remarkable memoirs
reproduced in this book are “The Story of my Visit to the Temple” by
Harmand de la Meuse, and the artless, but profoundly touching narrative
of the unhappy orphaned Princess: “A manuscript written by Marie
Thérèse Charlotte of France upon the captivity of the Princes and
Princesses, her relatives, imprisoned in the Temple.” The illustrations
are a feature of the volume and include the so-called “telescope”
portrait of the Princess, sketched from life by an anonymous artist,
stationed at a window opposite her prison in the tower of the Temple._

HUBERT AND JOHN VAN EYCK: Their Life and Work. By W. H. James Weale. With 41 Photogravure and 95 Black and White Reproductions. Royal 4to. £5 5_s._ net.

Sir Martin Conway’s Note.

_Nearly half a century has passed since Mr. W. H. James Weale, then
resident at Bruges, began that long series of patient investigations
into the history of Netherlandish art which was destined to earn so
rich a harvest. When he began work Memlinc was still called Hemling,
and was fabled to have arrived at Bruges as a wounded soldier. The van
Eycks were little more than legendary heroes. Roger Van der Weyden was
little more than a name. Most of the other great Netherlandish artists
were either wholly forgotten or named only in connection with paintings
with which they had nothing to do. Mr. Weale discovered Gerard David,
and disentangled his principal works from Memlinc’s, with which they
were then confused. During a series of years he published in the
“Beffroi,” a magazine issued by himself, the many important records
from ancient archives which threw a flood of light upon the whole
origin and development of the early Netherlandish school. By universal
admission he is hailed all over Europe as the father of this study. It
is due to him in great measure that the masterpieces of that school,
which by neglect were in danger of perishing fifty years ago, are now
recognised as among the most priceless treasures of the Museums of
Europe and the United States. Fullness and accuracy are the
characteristics of all Mr. Weale’s work._

VINCENZO FOPPA OF BRESCIA, Founder of the Lombard School, His Life and Work. By Constance Jocelyn Ffoulkes and Monsignor Rodolfo Majocchi, D.D., Rector of the Collegio Borromeo, Pavia. Based on research in the Archives of Milan, Pavia, Brescia, and Genoa, and on the study of all his known works. With over 100 Illustrations, many in Photogravure, and 100 Documents. Royal 4to. £3. 11_s._ 6_d._ net.

∵ _No complete Life of Vincenzo Foppa has ever been written: an
omission which seems almost inexplicable in these days of
over-production in the matter of biographies of painters, and of
subjects relating to the art of Italy. The object of the authors of
this book has been to present a true picture of the master’s life based
upon the testimony of records in Italian archives; all facts hitherto
known relating to him have been brought together; all statements have
been verified; and a great deal of new and unpublished material has
been added. The authors have unearthed a large amount of new material
relating to Foppa, one of the most interesting facts brought to light
being that he lived for twenty-three years longer than was formerly
supposed. The illustrations will include several pictures by Foppa
hitherto unknown in the history of art, and others which have never
before been published, as well as reproductions of every existing work
by the master at present known._

MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO. Illustrating the Arms, Art and Literature of Italy from 1440 to 1630. By James Dennistoun of Dennistoun. A New Edition edited by Edward Hutton, with upwards of 100 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 3 vols. 42_s._ net.