Chapter XXI: Book IV: 649 (3)

[673] _Cinq jours à Clermont (Auvergne) 2, 3, 4, 5 et 6 août_ 1805 and _Le Mont-Blanc, paysages de montagnes, fin d'août_ 1805. They appear in Vol. VI. of the complete works.--B.

[674] Honoré d'Urfé (1567-1625), after a life spent in war and diplomacy, wrote the famous pastoral romance of the _Astrée_, in which he depicted the happiness of the shepherds of the Lignon. The singular book was received with the greatest favour, and gave rise to a whole school of bucolic novelists. D'Urfé died before completing his work, and his secretary, Baro, finished it from the author's manuscripts or his own imagination.--T.

[675] Claude Ignace Brugière de Barante (1745-1814). Napoleon dismissed him because of the indulgence shown by him to Madame de Staël, and he died at the moment when the return of the Bourbons appeared to promise him a just reparation.--B.

[676] Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste Comte de Forbin (1779-1841), a successful writer and painter, and a member of the Academy of Fine Arts. Under the Restoration he became Director of the Museums.--T.

[677] Mathurin Régnier (1573-1613), the first of the French satiric poets. He received the tonsure at the age of thirteen, obtained a rich canonry before he was thirty, and died at forty of his pleasures and excesses.--T.

[678] OPPIAN, _Cynegetica_, II. 348.--B.

[679] Jeanne Françoise Thévenin (1763-1841), known as Sophie Devienne, acted at the Comédie Française from 1785 to 1813, and was one of the best "waiting-maids" at that classic theatre.--B.

[680] St. Pothin (87-177), one of the first apostles to the Gauls, became Bishop of Lyons, where he suffered martyrdom at the age of nearly ninety years. He is honoured on the 2nd of June.--T.

[681] St. Ireneus (_circa_ 120--_circa_ 202) succeeded St. Pothin in the Bishopric of Lyons, and suffered martyrdom like his predecessor, his feast falling on the 28th of June.--T.

[682] François de Mandelot (1520-1588), Governor of Lyonnais, distinguished himself by his wholesale murder of the Lyons Protestants on St. Bartholomew's Night.--T.

[683] The Allées des Brotteaux, Lyons, where the condemned were shot under the Revolution.--T.

[684] Loyse Labbé (1526-1566), known as _la Belle Cordière_, married a rich merchant cord-spinner of Lyons called Perrin. She had been well educated, devoted herself to literature, and left a number of poems.--T.

[685] St. Cyprian (_circa_ 200-258), Bishop of Carthage, persecuted under Decius, and exiled and martyred under Valerian. He was the author of the famous treatise on the Lapsed from which the above quotation is taken. St. Cyprian is honoured on the 16th of September.--T.

[686] Eustache Le Sueur (1617-1655), known as the French Raphael, the first painter of the French school under Louis XIV. Persecuted by his envious rivals, he retired to the Chartreuse on the death of his wife, and painted for the monastery his greatest work, the Life of St. Bruno, in twenty-two pictures.--T.

[687] St. Bruno (_circa_ 1040-1101), Founder of the Carthusian Order, and honoured on the 6th of October.--T.

[688] The certificate of death has since been discovered. Madame de Caud died in the Marais, at No. 6, Rue d'Orléans, on the 18 Brumaire, Year XIII (9 November 1804).--B.

[689] On the 13th of November 1804, Chateaubriand, who was then staying at Villeneuve-sur-Yonne with his friend Joubert, wrote to Chênedollé:

"Madame de Caud is no more. She died in Paris on the 9th. We
have lost the most beautiful soul, the most exalted genius,
that ever existed. You see that I am born for every sorrow.
In how few days has Lucile gone to join Pauline [Madame
de Beaumont]! Come, my dear friend, and weep with me this
winter, in January. You will find a man who is inconsolable,
but who is your friend for life.--Joubert sends you a million
loves."--B.

[690] Chateaubriand's family at that date comprised Madame la Comtesse de Marigny; Madame la Comtesse de Chateaubourg, and their children; the daughter of the Comtesse Julie de Farcy; and the sons of the Comte de Chateaubriand.--B.

[691] The juxtaposition of the names of Julien and Clarke, is somewhat forced. Edward Clarke was not Cook's valet, but his companion and his rival in fame. He three times circumnavigated the world. Both left Plymouth together, on the 12th of July 1776, Captain Cook commanding the _Discovery_ and Captain Clarke the _Resolution._ After the death of Cook, killed by the natives of Owhyhee, on the 14th of February 1779, Clarke succeeded him in the command of the expedition, and himself died as he was arriving in Kamchatka. The _Discovery_ and the _Resolution_ returned to England on the 4th of October 1780.--B.

[692] I omit a portion of the extracts from the servant's Itinerary. These will be indicated in their places.--T.

[693] At Trieste.--T.

[694] _De Sparte et d'Athènes._--_Author's Note._

[695] I omit Julien's description of the streets of Constantinople.--T.

[696] I omit a quotation from Julien's narrative.--T.

[697] I omit Julien's observations here.--T.

[698] I omit a quotation from Julien's Itinerary.--T.

[699] Hannibal (247-183 B.C.), the famous Carthaginian general.--T.

[700] Dido Queen of Tyre founded Carthage _circa_ 860 B.C.--T.

[701] Sophonisba (235-203 B.C.), daughter of the third Hasdrubal, was betrothed to Masinissa King of Massylia and Numidia, but married in his stead his rival Syphax. Masinissa recaptured his domains from the latter, and with them his wife, whom he married. When Scipio, however, insisted upon Sophonisba's appearance in his triumph in Rome, Masinissa, to save her from this disgrace, sent her poison. Her story is the subject of one of Voltaire's tragedies.--T.

[702] When the fourth Hasdrubal (170-100 B.C.), then commander of Carthage, surrendered to Scipio, his wife, horrified at his treachery, killed her children before his eyes, and then threw herself into the flames, 146 B.C.--T.

[703] Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (_circa_ 235-184 B.C.).--T.

[704] Caius Julius Cæsar (100-44 B.C.) defeated Metellus Scipio and Cato at Carthage in 46 B.C.--T.

[705] Tiberius Claudius Nero (42 B.C.-37 A.D.), the second Roman Emperor. Capri contains the ruins of his twelve palaces.--T.

[706] Marcus Portius Cato (95-46 B.C.), known as Cato the Younger, or Uticensis, sided against Cæsar with Pompey, and retired to Utica after the defeat of the latter. He prepared to resist Cæsar in Africa, but when Metellus had been beaten, stabbed himself rather than fall into his enemy's hands.--T.

[707] In 1270, on his way to Palestine, in the course of his second (the Eighth) Crusade.--T.

[708] I omit this portion of Julien's Itinerary.--T.

[709] Written under the Empire, but first published in 1827, in Volume XVI. of the Complete Works, with the title, _Les Aventures du dernier Abencerage._--B.

[710] The beautiful valley overlooking Granada referred to above.--T.

[711] _Cf._ LE SAGE, _Gil Blas._--T.

[712] By Joseph Haydn (1732-1809).--T.

[713] Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), the great composer.--T.

[714] The Château de Malesherbes, situated at six kilometers from Angerville, and belonging to Louis de Chateaubriand, the writer's nephew. It is to-day the property of Madame la Marquise de Beaufort, _née_ de Chateaubriand.--T.

[715] The column standing in the grounds of the Château de Méréville, equalling the column of the Place Vendôme in height, and commanding a view of over twenty leagues in extent.--B.

[716] Sparta.--_Author's Note._

[717] Jerusalem.--_Author's Note._

[718] Jean Baptiste René Dureau de La Malle (1742-1807), a native of San Domingo, who settled in Paris and devoted his large fortune to literature. He published translations of Seneca (1776), Sallust (1808), and Tacitus (1793), the last of which was twice reprinted (1808 and 1816), and he was at work on a translation of Livy when he died. He became a member of the Institute in 1804.--T.

[719] Adolphe Jules César Auguste Dureau de La Malle (1777-1857), author of a number of learned works and some poems, and a considerable authority on the geography and statistics of the nations of antiquity. In the year in which the above letter was written he published his _Géographie physique de la Méditerranée et de la mer Noire._ He was admitted in 1818 to the Academy of Inscriptions, and in 1840 published his greatest work, the _Économie politique des Romains._--T.

[720] Reginald Heber, Bishop of Calcutta (1783-1826), was appointed to his bishopric in 1822. He was the author of a volume of Hymns (1819), and of a narrative of a Journey through India, published after his death by his widow.--T.

[721] A market town in the Department of Seine-et-Oise, some twelve miles from Paris.--T.

[722] I omit this letter and some others addressed to the author from the East; also a letter addressed by Fénelon to Bossuet on the eve of the former's departure for Greece.--T.

[723] Langhorne's PLUTARCH: _Life of Pompey._--T.

[724] I omit a quotation from the Anthology.--T.

[725] Charles Martel, or the Hammer, Duke of Austrasia (_circa_ 691-741), reigned over France with the title of Mayor of the Palace, and in 732 gained a complete victory over the Saracens between Tours and Poitiers, which put an end to the Mussulman invasion, and assured the Christianization of Europe.--T.

[726] JOB, XXXVII. 10.--T.

END OF VOL. II.