Chapter III: Appendix

DR. MERCER ON ILLUMINATION, AND ABBÉ’S
THEORY--MICRO-SPECTROSCOPE--FORMULÆ,
METHODS, CEMENTING, CLEARING, HARDENING,
AND MOUNTING--TABLES, METRIC AND THERMOMETRIC 672

INDEX 691

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES,

COLOURED AND PLAIN.

FRONTISPIECE.

RADIOLARIA.

In this Plate _Fig._ 1 shows the elegant lattice-sphere of
Rhizosphæra; _Fig._ 2 represents Sphærozoum, whose skeleton
consists of loose spicules, arranged tangentially; Actinomma,
_Fig._ 3, possesses three concentric lattice-spheres, joined by
radiating spines; _Figs._ 4, 5, and 6, represent Lithomespilus,
Ommatocampe, and Carpocanium; _Fig._ 7 represents a deep-sea form
(Challengeria), whose oval case is formed of a regular, very
fine-meshed, network; _Fig._ 8 depicts the elegant lattice-sphere
of Heliosphæra; _Figs._ 9 and 10, Clathrocyclas and Dictyophimus.

PLATE I.--_Page_ 400.

PROTOPHYTA. THALLOPHYTES.

_Fig._ 1. Peziza bicolor--2. Truffle: _a._ ascus of spores; _b._
mycelium--3. Sphæria herbarum: _a._ piece of dead plant, with S.
herbarum natural size; _b._ section of same, slightly magnified;
_d._ Ascus with spores, and paraphyses more magnified--4. Peziza
pygmæa--5. Apical form of same--6. P. corpulasis: Ascus with
spores and paraphyses, merely given as a further illustration of
structure in Peziza--7. Yeast healthy--8. Yeast exhausted--9.
Phyllactinia guttata--10. Yeast with favus spores and mycelium
of fungus--11. Favus ferment, with oïdium and bacteria--12.
Puccinia spores, growing in a saccharine solution--13. Aerobic
bacteria--14. Spores and mycelia from eczema produced by yeast--15.
Volvox globator--16. Amœboid condition of portion of volvox--17.
Puccinia buxi--18. Ditto, more enlarged--(17 to 20 illustrate
Ascomycetes.)--19. Æcidium grossulariæ from transverse section of
leaf of currant: _a._ spermogones on upper surface; _b._ perithecia
with spores--20. Phragmidium bulbosum, development of--21. Palmella
parietina, trans. section through a spermogone, showing green
gonidia and spermatia escaping--22. Æcidium berberida, from leaf
of berberry--23. Vaucheria sessilis--24. Stephanosphæra pluvialis:
_a._ Full-grown example, germ cells spindle-shaped with flagella;
_b._ Resting-cell; _c._ division into four; _d._ Free-swimming
ciliated young specimen; _e._ Amœboid condition--25. _a_, _b_, _c_,
_d_, _e_, _f_ and _g_, Development of lichen gonidia--26. Palmella
stellaris (lichen), vertical section through apothecium, showing
asci, spores, and paraphyses, with gonidia and filamentous medulla:
_a._ Spermatophore with spermatia--27. Moss gonidia assuming
amœboid form.

Typical forms of Protophyta; 7 to 14, modes of development or rudimentary conditions; Confervoideæ, 23; Vaucheria, Stephanosphæra, 24; Volvox, 15, &c.

PLATE II.--_Page_ 412.

PROTOPHYTA. ALGÆ.

_Fig._ 27. Ceramium acanthonotum--28. Closterium, Triploceras
gracilis--29. Cosmarium radiatum--30. Micrasterias denticulata--31.
Docidium pristidæ--32. Callithamnion plumula--33. Diatoma,
living: _a._ Licmophora splendida; _b._ Achnanthes longipes; _c._
Grammatophora marina. These figures are intended to show the
general character of the endochrome and growth of frustule--34.
Callithamnion refractum--35. Jungermannia albicans; _b._
representing elater and spores--36. Leaf with antheridia, or male
elements, represented more magnified at _a_ to the left of the
figure--37. Ceramium echinotum--38. Pleurosigma angulatum, side
view--39. Delesseria hypoglossum--40. Pleurosigma angulatum, front
view, endochrome not represented--41. Ceramium flabelligerum.

PLATE III.--_Page_ 479.

PROTOZOA.

_Figs._ 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52. These figures are
from drawings made by Major Owen, to illustrate forms of living
Polycystina, sketched from life; these convey a faint idea of
the richly coloured appearance of the natural structure; _Figs._
48 to 52--53. Gregarina lumbricorum, round form--54. Gregarina
lumbricorum, the usual elongated form--55. Gregarina serpulæ--56.
Gregarina Sieboldii; illustration of septate form, with reflexed
hook-like processes--57. Gregarina lumbricorum, encysted--58.
Gregarina lumbricorum, more advanced and pseudo-navicellæ
forming--59. Gregarina lumbricorum, free pseudo-navicella of--60,
61. Gregarina lumbricorum, amœboid forms of--62. Cruciate
sponge-spicule--63. Astromma Humboldtii--64. Eözoon Canadense,
represents appearance of a portion of the natural size--65.
Eözoon Canadense, magnified, showing portions of cell-walls left
uncoloured, the animal sarcode inhabiting it coloured dark green as
in nature, and converted by fossilisation into a silicious mineral;
the narrow bands passing between these are processes (_stolons_)
of the same substance--66. Actinophrys sol, budding--67. Euglena
viridis: _a._ contracted; _b._ elongated form--68. Acineta
tuberosa--69. Œcistes longicornis (Davis)--70. Oxytricha gibba
(side view)--71. Oxytricha pellionella--72. Thuricola valvata,
expanded--73. Cyclidium (glaucoma)--74. Oxytricha scintillans--75
to 79, 80 to 85, illustrate types of Foraminifera discovered by
Major Owen, living--75. Globigerina acerosa, n. sp., broken open
to show interior--76. Globigerina, n. sp., broken open to show
interior--77. Globigerina hirsuta--78. Globigerina universa--79
and 81. G. Bulloides--80. Conochilus vorticella--82. Globigerina
inflata, sinistral shell--83. Pulvinulina Micheliniana--84. P.
Canariensis--85. P. Menardii.

PLATE IV.--_Page_ 514.

METAZOA. BRYOZOA.

_Fig._ 86. Hartea elegans--87. Side view of Synapta spicula--88.
Ophioglypha rosula (very immature specimen): _a._ Claw hooks;
_b._ palmate spicula. The development of this species is
described by G. Hodge, in “Transactions of Tyneside Naturalists’
Field-Club”--89. Spine of a star-fish, particularly interesting
as showing the reticular calcareous network obtaining in this as
in all other hard parts of the Echinodermata--90. Very minute
Spatangus, obtained from stomach of a bream: many of the spines
are gone, but the structure of the shell is intact and forms a
beautiful object, interesting in connection with the source whence
obtained--91. Ophioglypha neglecta: wriggling or brittle starfish.
The plate does not admit of a figure on a scale sufficient to show
the full beauty of this object--92. Tubularia Dumortierii--93.
Pedicellaria mandibulata from Uraster glacialis--94. Pedicellaria
forcepiforma, from the same--95. Cristatella mucedo; 96. Edge-view
of statoblast; 97. early stage in development of same--98. Lophopus
crystallinus--99. Plumatella repens with ova, on submerged
stem--100. Tænia echinococcus--101. Hydatids from human liver--102.
Bilharzia hæmatobia--103. Amphistoma conicum--104. Trichina
spiralis from fleshy part of Hambrc’ pork--105. Trichina spiralis
male, separated from muscle.--106, 107. Fasciola gigantea.

PLATE V.--_Page_ 556.

MOLLUSCA.

_Fig._ 108. Velutina lævigata, portion of lingual membrane--109.
Velutina lævigata, part of mandible--110. Hybocystis blennius,
portion of palate--111. Sepia officinalis, portion of palate--112.
Aplysia hybrida, part of mandible--113. Loligo vulgaris, part
of palate--114. Haliotis tuberculatus, part of palate--115.
Cistula catenata, part of palate--116. Patella radiata, part of
palate--117. Acmæa virginea, part of palate--118. Cymba olla, part
of palate--119. Scapander ligniarius--120. Oneidoris bilamellata,
part of palate--121. Testacella Maugei, part of palate--122.
Pleurobranchus plumula, part of mandible--123. Turbo marmoratus,
part of palate.

Lingual membranes of Mollusca; drawings made from specimens in the collection formed by F. E. Edwards, Esq., now in the British Museum. Typical examples of the numerous forms of Odontophors met with in Gasteropod and Cephalopod Mollusca.

PLATE VI.--_Page_ 582.

INSECTA.

_Fig._ 124. Egg of Caradrina morpheus, mottled rustic moth--125.
Egg of tortoise-shell butterfly, Vanessa urticæ--126. Egg of
common footman, Lithosia complanula--127. Egg of shark moth,
Cucullia umbratica--128. Maple-aphis--129. Egg shell of acarus,
empty--130. Egg of house-fly--131. Mouth of Tsetse-fly, Glossina
morsitans--132. Vapourer moth, Orgyia antiqua: antenna of
male--133. Vapourer moth: antenna of female; _a_. branch more
magnified to show rudimentary condition of the parts--134.
Tortoise-shell butterfly; head in profile, showing large compound
eye, one of the palpi, and spiral tongue--135. Tortoise-beetle,
Cassida viridis; under surface of left fore-foot, to show the
bifurcate tenent appendages, one of which is given at _a_ more
magnified. This form of appendage is characteristic of the family.
“West on Feet of Insects,” Linn. Trans. vol. xxiii. tab. 43-136.
Egg of blue argus butterfly, Polyommatus argus--137. Egg of
mottled umber, Erannis defoliaria--138. Egg of Ennomos erosaria,
thorn-moth--139. Egg of Aspilates gilvaria, straw-belle--140.
Blow-fly, Musca vomitoria: left fore-loot, under-surface, to show
tenent hairs; _a_ _b_ more magnified; _a_ from below, _b_ from the
side--141. House-fly larva--142. Amara communis: left fore-foot,
under-surface, to show form of tenent appendages, of which one
is given more magnified at _a_. These, in ground beetles, are
met with only in the males, believed to be used for sexual
purposes. These appendages are carefully protected when not in
use, as explained by West--143. Ephydra riparia: left fore-foot,
under-surface. This fly is met with sometimes in immense numbers
on the water in salt-marshes; it has no power of climbing on
glass, as seen by the structure of the tenent hairs; the central
tactile organ also is peculiar, the whole acting as a float, one
attached to each foot, enabling the fly to rest on the surface of
the water; _a._ an enlarged external hair--144. Egg of bot-fly, the
larva just escaping--145. Egg of parasite of pheasant--146. Egg
of Scatophaga--147. Egg of parasite of magpie--148. Egg of Jodis
vernaria, small emerald moth.

PLATE VII.--_Page_ 633.

VERTEBRATA.

_Fig._ 149. Toe of mouse, integuments, bone of foot, and
vessels--150. Tongue of mouse, showing erectile papillæ and
muscular layer--151. Brain of rat, showing vascular supply--152.
Vertical section of tongue of cat, fungi-form papillæ and capillary
loops passing into them, vessels--153. Kidney of cat, showing
Malpighian turfts and arteries--154. Small intestine of rat, with
villi and layer of mucous membrane exposed--155. Nose of mouse,
showing vascular supply to roots of whiskers--156. Vascular supply
to internal gill of tadpole, during one phase of development--157.
Section through sclerotic coat and retina of cat’s eye, showing
vascular supply of choroid vessels cut cross-ways--158. Interior of
fully-developed tadpole, exhibiting heart, vascular arrangement and
vascular system throughout body and tail.

This plate is designed to show the value, in certain cases, of injected preparations in the delineation of animal structures. By thus artificially restoring the blood and distending the tissues, a better idea is obtained of the relative condition of parts during life.

PLATE VIII.--_Page_ 220.

POLARISCOPE OBJECTS.

_Fig._ 158. New Red Sandstone--159. Quartz--163. Granite--161.
Sulph. Copper--162. Saliginine--163. Sulph. Iron and Cobalt,
crystallized in the way described by Thomas--164. Borax--165.
Sulph. Nickel and Potash--166. Kreatine--167. Starch granules--168.
Aspartic Acid--169. Fibro-cells, orchid.--170. Equisetum
cuticle--171. Holothuria spicula, Australia--172. Holothuria
spicula, Port Essington--173. Deutzia scabra; upper and under
surface--174. Cat’s tongue, process--175. Prawn shell, exuvia with
crystals of lime--176. Grayling scale--177. Scyllium caniculum
scale--178. Rhinoceros horn, transverse section--179. Horse
hoof--180. Dytiscus, elytra with crystals of lime.

PLATE IX.--_Page_ 362.

TYPICAL PLATE OF BACTERIA AND SCHIZOMYCETES.

_Fig._ 1. Cocci, singly, and varying in size--2. Cocci in chains or
rosaries (streptococcus)--3. Cocci in a mass (staphylococcus)--4
and 5. Cocci in pairs (diplococcus)--6. Cocci in groups
of four (merismopedia)--7. Cocci in packets (sarcina)--8.
Bacterium termo--9. Bacterium termo × 4000 (Dallinger and
Drysdale)--10. Bacterium septicæmiæ hæmorrhagicæ--11. Bacterium
pneumoniæ crouposæ--12. Bacillus subtilis--13. Bacillus
murisepticus--14. Bacillus diphtheriæ--15. Bacillus typhosus
(Eberth)--16. Spirillum undula (Cohn)--17. Spirillum volutans
(Cohn)--18. Spirillum choleræ Asiaticæ--19. Spirillum Obermeieri
(Koch)--20. Spirochæta plicatilis (Flügge)--21. Vibrio rugula
(Prazmowski)--22. Cladothrix Försteri (Cohn)--23. Cladothrix
dichotoma (Cohn)--24. Monas Okenii (Cohn)--25. Monas Warmingii
(Cohn)--26. Rhabdomonas rosea (Cohn)--27. Spore-formation of
Bacillus alvei--28. Spore-formation (Bacillus anthracis)--29.
Spore-formation in bacilli cultivated from rotten melon (Fränkel
and Pfeiffer)--30. Spore-formation in bacilli cultivated from
earth (Fränkel and Pfeiffer)--31. Involution-form of Crenothrix
(Zopf)--32. Involution-forms of Vibrio serpens (Warming)--33.
Involution-forms of Vibrio rugula (Warming)--34. Involution-forms
of Clostridium polymyxa (Prazmowski)--35. Involution-forms of
Spirillum choleræ Asiaticæ--36. Involution-forms of Bacterium aceti
(Zopf and Hansen)--37. Spirulina-form of Beggiatoa alba (Zopf)--38.
Various thread-forms of Bacterium merismopedioides (Zopf)--39.
False-branching of Cladothrix (Zopf).

PLATE X.--_Page_ 420.

DESMIDIACEÆ.

_Fig._ 1. Euastrum oblongum--2. Micrasterias rotata--3. Desmidium
quadrangulatum--4. Didymoprium Grevillii--5. Micrasterias,
sporangium of--6. Didymoprium Borreri--7. Cosmarium Ralfsii--8,
9. Xanthidiæ--10. X. armatum--11. Cosmarium crenatum--12. C.
Sphærozosma vertebratum--13, 17. Sporangia of Cosmarium--14.
X. fasiculatum--18. Staurastrum hirsutum--19. Arthrodesmus
convergens--15. Staurastrum tumidum--16. Staurastrum dilitatum--21.
Penium--22. Euastrum Didelta--23. Docidium clavatum--24.
Pediastrum biradiatum--25. Closterium, showing conjugation or
self-division--26. Volvox, parent cell about to break up--27.
Penium Jennerii--28. Aptogonum desmidium--29. Pediastrum
pertusum--30. Ankistrodesmus falcatus--31. Parent cell of
Closterium--32. Staurastrum gracilis.--33. Conjugation of Penium
margaritaceum--34. Spirotænia--35. Closterium

PLATE XI.--_Page_ 428.

DIATOMACEÆ.

_Fig._ 1. Arachnoidiscus--2. Actinocyclus (Bermuda)--3. Cocconeis
(Algoa Bay)--4. Coccinodiscus (Bermuda)--5. Isthmia enervis--6.
Zygoceros rhombus--7. Campilodiscus clypeus--8. Biddulphia--9.
Gallionella sulcata--10. Triceratium, found in Thames mud--11.
Gomphonema geminatum, with their stalk-like attachments--12.
Dictyocha fibula--13. Eunotia--14. Cocconema--15. Fragilaria
pectinalis--16. Meridion circulare--17. Diatoma flocculosum.

PLATE XII.--_Page_ 438.

MICRO-PHOTOGRAPH OF TEST DIATOMS.

Taken with Zeiss’s 3 mm. N.A. 1·40 by Mr. A. A. Carvell for the Author.

_Fig._ 1. Portion of Surirella gemma, magnified × 1,000--2. Broken
Frustule of Pleurosigma angulatum, × 750--3 and 5. Triceratium
favus ×--1,000--4. Navicula rhomboides × 1,300--6. Pleurosigma
formosum, showing black dots--7. P. formosum, showing white dots, ×
750.

PLATE XIII.--_Page_ 454.

PHANEROGAMIÆ--ELEMENTARY TISSUE OF PLANTS.

_Fig._ 1. Elementary ovid cells--2. Branching tissue--2A and 3.
Spiral vessels from Opuntia vulgaris--4. Stellate tissue, section
of rush--5. Mushroom spawn--6. Starch from _Tous-les-mois_--7.
Starch from sago--8. Starch from rice--9. Wheat-starch--10. Rhubarb
starch in isolated cells--11. Maize-starch--12. Oat-starch--13.
Barley-starch--14. Section of Potato cells, filled with healthy
starch--15. Potato starch more highly magnified--16. Section of
Potato with nearly all starch absent--17. Potato with starch
destroyed by fungoid disease--18. Ciliated spermagones--19. Hairs
of stinging-nettle--20. Section of cellular parenchyma of ripe
strawberry.

PLATE XIV.--_Page_ 472.

STELLATE AND CRYSTALLINE TISSUE.

_Fig._ 1. Epidermis of husk of wheat, spiral vessels and silicious
crystals--2. Section of cane, silicious cell walls, internal
portion filled with granular bodies--3. Cuticular layer of the
onion, showing crystals of calcium carbonate and oxalate--4. Cells
of garden rhubarb, with crystalline bodies and raphides--4_a_.
Another layer filled with starch grains--5. Section of pear, testa,
sclerogenous and granular tissue--6. Stellate hairs, sinuous
cells and silicious parenchyma of leaf of Deutzia scabra, under
surface--7. Silicious cuticle layer of grass, Pharus cristatus.

PLATE XV.--_Page_ 482.

RHIZOPODA.--GROMIA.--FORAMINIFERA.

_Fig._ 1. Astrorhiza limicola--2. Lieberkühnia paludosa--3.
Micro-gromia socialis undergoing fission--4. A colony of Hertwig’s
Micro-gromia socialis--5. G. Lieberkühnia--6. Egg-shaped Gromia,
G. oviformis, with pseudopodia extended, magnified 500 diameters.
“Hertwig Ueber Micro-gromia, archiv. für Mickr. Anat. bdx.”

PLATE XVI.--_Page_ 510.

SPONGE SPICULES.

_Fig._ 1. A portion of sponge, Halichondria simulans, showing
silicious spicula imbedded in the sarcode matrix--2. Spicula
divested of its matrix by acid--3. Gemmule Spongilla fluviatallis
enclosed in spicula--4. Birotulate spicula from same--5. Gemmule
after being steeped in acid showing reticulated coating of
birotulate spicula--6. Gemmules of Geodia--7. Gemmule in more
advanced stage of growth--8. Skeleton of the acerate form covered
by rows of spines--9. Showing rings of growth and horny covering,
and bundles of spicula of the genus Verongia--10. Sphero-stellate
spicula of Tethya--11. Tricuspidanchorate and sphero-stellate
spicula--12. Acuate-bi-clavate and other forms of spicula from
Geodia--13. Clavate spicula covered with short spines.

PLATE XVII.--_Page_ 518.

ZOOPHYTES, ASTEROIDS, NUDIBRANCHS, AND ECHINOIDS.

_Fig._ 1. _a._ Astrophyton scutatum--_b._ Doris pinnatifida, back
and side view--_c._ Æquorea Forbesina--_d._ Medusæ bud--_e._
Thaumantias corynetes--_f._ Echinus in an early free stage--_g._
Echinus sphæra--_h._ Cydippe pyleus--_i._ Ascidiæ--_k._ Botryllus
violaceus, on a Fucus--_l._ Corystes cassivelaunus--_m._ Eurynome
aspera--_n._ Ophiocoma rosula--_o._ Pagurus Prideauxii--_p._ Ebalia
Permantii.

PLATE XVIII.--_Page_ 558.

SHELLS OF MOLLUSCA.

_Fig._ 1. Transverse section of spine of Echinus--2. Another
section of Echinus, showing reticulated structure, the calcareous
portion dissolved out by acid--3. Horizontal section of shell of
Haliotis splendens, showing stellate pigment--4. Shell of crab with
granules in articular layer--5. Another section of same shell,
showing hexagonal structure--6. Horizontal section of coach-spring
shell, Terebratulata rubicunda, showing radiating perforations--7.
Transverse section of shell of the Pinna ingens--8. Crystals of
carbonate of lime, from oyster shell.

PLATE XIX.--_Page_ 636.

VERTEBRATA.

_Fig._ 1. _a._ Spheroidal epithelium cells, filled with central
nuclei and granular matter; _b._ mucous membrane of stomach,
showing cells, with open mouths of tubes at the bottom of each,
magnified 50 diameters--2. _a._ Diagram of a portion of the
involuted mucous membrane, showing continuation of its elements
in the follicles and villi, with a nerve entering the submucous
tissue. The upper surface of one villus is covered with cylindrical
epithelium; the other denuded, and with dark line of basement
membrane running around it; _b._ epithelium cells, separated and
magnified 200 diameters, a central nucleus, with a nucleolus,
seen in centre; _c._ pavement epithelium cells, from the mucous
membrane of bronchial or air tubes with nuclei, and nucleoli in
some; _d._ vibratile or ciliated epithelium, nuclei visible, and
cilia at the upper free surface, magnified 200 diameters--3. _a._
is one of the tubular follicles from a pig’s stomach, cut obliquely
to display upper part of cavity, and the cylindrical epithelium
forming its walls, a few cells detached; _b._ shows a section of a
lymphatic, with capillary blood-vessels, distributed beneath the
mucous surfaces--4. Cells of adipose tissue, or fat, magnified
100 diameters--5. a single fat-cell separated, and magnified 250
diameters--6. A capillary of blood-vessels distributed through
tissue--7. Section of the Tendo-Achillis as it joins the cartilage,
showing stellate cells of tendon, seen to be gradually coalescing
to form round or oval cells of cartilage--8. A vertical section of
cartilage, with clusters of cells arranged in columns previous to
their conversion into bone--9. A small transverse section of the
same, showing the gradual change of the cartilage cells at _a._
into the true bone cells, _lacunæ_, at _b._ with characteristic
canaliculi--10. A stellate nerve corpuscle, with tubular processes
issuing forth, at _a._ filled with corpuscles containing black
pigment, above which is a corpuscle the nucleus of which is seen
to have nucleoli; at _b._ a corpuscle enclosed within sheath,
and filled with granular matter taken from the root of a spinal
nerve--11. The continuity of muscle, the upper portion, with
connective tissue of the lower portion, from the tongue of a
lamb--12. Branched muscle, ending in stellate connective cells,
from the upper lip of the rat--13. Choroidal black pigment-cells
from the human eye.

PLATE XX.--_Page_ 658.

BONE STRUCTURE.

_Figs._ 1. and 2. Transverse section of the human clavicle (collar
bone), showing Haversian canals, concentric laminæ, and concentric
arrangement of bone cells--3. Transverse section of the femur of
an ostrich--4. Transverse section of humerus (fore-arm) bone of a
turtle, Chelonia mydas--5. Horizontal section of the lower jaw-bone
of a conger eel, in which no Haversian canals are present--6. A
portion of the cranium of a siren, Siren lacertina--7. Portion of
bone taken from the shaft of humerus of a Pterodactyle, showing
elongated bone-cells characteristic of the order Reptilia--8.
Horizontal section of a scale, or flattened spine, from the skin of
a Trygon (sting-ray), showing large Haversian canals, numerous wavy
parallel tubes, also bone-cells with canaliculi communicating as in
dentine.

ERRATA.

Prefaces, page vi., line 22 _Insert_ “a” _into_ “admitted.”
" " x., line 13 _Insert_ “the” _before_ “assistance.”
" " xii. _Insert_ “for” at commencement of
line 24.
Page 33, line 13 _For_ “Rabbit” _read_ “Kitten.”
" 486, 4th line from bottom _Strike out_ “The late.”
" 511, two lines from bottom _For_ “Plate XIII.” _read_ “Plate XVI.”
" 584, 5th line from bottom _Insert_ “Stalk-Eyed” _before_
“crustaceans.”
" 624, line 12 _For_ “or” _read_ “and.”
" 633, Plate VII. Numbering of figures--
_For_ “152” _read_ “158.”
_For_ “152a” _read_ “152.”

(Professor Abbe, erroneously referred to more than once as “the late” is, the author is happy to say, in excellent health).

THE MICROSCOPE.