Chapter II: Appendix: 449

Efficiency through Organization.

INDEX 465

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Ready for the day's run _Frontispiece_

An early locomotive built by William Norris for the
Philadelphia & Reading Railroad 18

The historic "John Bull" of the Camden & Amboy
Railroad--and its train 18

A heavy-grade type of locomotive built for the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad in 1864. Its flaring stack was typical of
those years 19

Construction engineers blaze their way across the face of
new country 38

The making of an embankment by dump-train 39

"Small temporary railroads peopled with hordes of restless
engines" 39

Cutting a path for the railroad through the crest of the
high hills 44

A giant fill--in the making 44

The finishing touches to the track 45

This machine can lay a mile of track a day 45

"Sometimes the construction engineer ... brings his line
face to face with a mountain" 52

Finishing the lining of a tunnel 52

The busiest tunnel point in the world--at the west portals
of the Bergen tunnels, six Erie tracks below, four
Lackawanna above 53

The Hackensack portals of the Pennsylvania's great tunnels
under New York City 53

Concrete affords wonderful opportunities for the
bridge-builders 68

The Lackawanna is building the largest concrete bridge in
the world across the Delaware River at Slateford, Pa. 68

The bridge-builder lays out an assembling-yard for
gathering together the different parts of his new
construction 69

The new Brandywine Viaduct of the Baltimore & Ohio, at
Wilmington, Del. 69

The Northwestern's monumental new terminal on the West
Side of Chicago 82

The Union Station at Washington 83

A model American railroad station--the Union Station of
the New York Central, Boston & Albany, Delaware & Hudson,
and West Shore railroads at Albany 102

The classic portal of the Pennsylvania's new station in
New York 102

The beautiful concourse of the new Pennsylvania Station,
in New York 103

"The waiting-room is the monumental and artistic
expression of the station"--the waiting-room of the Union
Depot at Troy, New York 103

Something over a million dollars' worth of passenger cars
are constantly stored in this yard 114

A scene in the great freight-yards that surround Chicago 114

The intricacy of tracks and the "throat" of a modern
terminal yard: South Station, Boston, and its approaches 115

One of the "diamond-stack" locomotives used on the
Pennsylvania Railroad in the early seventies 126

Prairie type passenger locomotive of the Lake Shore
Railroad 126

Pacific type passenger locomotive of the New York Central
lines 126

Atlantic type passenger locomotive, built by the
Pennsylvania Railroad at its Altoona shops 126

One of the great Mallet pushing engines of the Delaware &
Hudson Company 127

A ten-wheeled switching locomotive of the Lake Shore
Railroad 127

Suburban passenger locomotive of the New York Central
lines 127

Consolidation freight locomotive of the Pennsylvania
system 127

Where Harriman stretched the Southern Pacific in a
straight line across the Great Salt Lake 140

Line revision on the New York Central--tunnelling through
the bases of these jutting peaks along the Hudson River
does away with sharp and dangerous curves 140

Impressive grade revision on the Union Pacific in the
Black Hills of Wyoming. The discarded line may be seen at
the right 141

The old and the new on the Great Northern--the "William
Crooks," the first engine of the Hill system, and one of
the newest Mallets 154

The Southern Pacific finds direct entrance into San
Francisco for one of its branch lines by tunnels piercing
the heart of the suburbs 155

Portal of the abandoned tunnel of the Alleghany Portage
Railroad near Johnstown, Pa., the first railroad tunnel in
the United States 155

The freight department of the modern railroad requires a
veritable army of clerks 176

The farmer who sued the railroad for permanent injuries--
as the detectives with their cameras found him 177

Oil-burning locomotive on the Southern Pacific system 190

The steel passenger coach such as has become standard upon
the American railroad 190

Electric car, generating its own power by a gasoline
engine 190

Both locomotive and train--gasoline motor car designed for
branch line service 190

The biggest locomotive in the world: built by the Santa Fe
Railroad at its Topeka shops 191

The conductor is a high type of railroad employee 208

The engineer--oil-can in hand--is forever fussing at his
machine 208

Railroad responsibility does not end even with the track
walker 209

The fireman has a hard job and a steady one 209

How the real timetable of the division looks--the one used
in headquarters 222

The electro-pneumatic signal-box in the control tower of a
modern terminal 228

The responsible men who stand at the switch-tower of a
modern terminal: a large tower of the "manual" type 228

"When winter comes upon the lines the superintendent will
have full use for every one of his wits" 229

Watchful signals guarding the main line of a busy railroad 229

"When the train comes to a water station the fireman gets
out and fills the tank" 248

A freight-crew and its "hack" 248

A view through the span of a modern truss bridge gives an
idea of its strength and solidity 249

The New York Central is adopting the new form of "Upper
quadrant" signal 249

The wrecking train ready to start out from the yard 262

"Two of these great cranes can grab a wounded Mogul
locomotive and put her out of the way" 262

"The shop-men form no mean brigade in this industrial army
of America" 263

"Winter days when the wind-blown snow forms mountains upon
the tracks" 272

"The despatcher may have come from some lonely country
station" 273

"The superintendent is not above getting out and bossing
the wrecking-gang once in a great while" 273

The New York Central Railroad is building a new Grand
Central Station in New York City, for itself and its
tenant, the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad 284

The concourse of the new Grand Central Station, New York,
will be one of the largest rooms in the world 284

South Station, Boston, is the busiest railroad terminal in
the world 285

The train-shed and approach tracks of Broad Street
Station, Philadelphia, still one of the finest of American
railroad passenger terminals 285

Connecting drawing-room and stateroom 296

"A man may have as fine a bed in a sleeping-car as in the
best hotel in all the land" 296

"You may have the manicure upon the modern train" 297

"The dining-car is a sociable sort of place" 297

An interior view of one of the earliest Pullman
sleeping-cars 302

Interior of a standard sleeping-car of to-day 303

"Even in winter there is a homely, homey air about the
commuter's station" 314

Entrance to the great four-track open cut which the Erie
has built for the commuter's comfort at Jersey City 314

A model way-station on the lines of the Boston & Albany
Railroad 315

The yardmaster's office--in an abandoned switch-tower 315

"The inside of any freight-house is a busy place" 328

St. John's Park, the great freight-house of the New York
Central Railroad in down-town New York 328

The great ore-docks of the West Shore Railroad at Buffalo 329

The great bridge of the New York Central at Watkins Glen 340

Building the wonderful bridge of the Idaho & Washington
Northern over the Pend Oreille River, Washington 341

Inside the West Albany shops of the New York Central:
picking up a locomotive with the travelling crane 350

A locomotive upon the testing-table at the Altoona shops
of the Pennsylvania 350

"The roundhouse is a sprawling thing" 351

Denizens of the roundhouse 351

"In the Far West the farm-train has long since come into
its own" 360

"Even in New York State the interest in these itinerant
agricultural schools is keen, indeed" 361

Interior of the dairy demonstration car of an agricultural
train 361

The famous Thomas Viaduct, on the Baltimore & Ohio at
Relay, Md., built by B. H. Latrobe in 1835, and still in
use 366

The historic Starucca Viaduct upon the Erie 366

The cylinders of the Delaware & Hudson Mallet 367

The interior of this gasoline-motor-car on the Union
Pacific presents a most unusual effect, yet a maximum of
view of the outer world 367

A portion of the great double-track Susquehanna River
bridge of the Baltimore & Ohio--a giant among American
railroad bridges 372

"In summer the brakemen have pleasant enough times of
railroading" 373

A famous cantilever rapidly disappearing--the substitution
of a new Kentucky river bridge for the old, on the Queen &
Crescent system 373

Triple-phase, alternating current locomotive built by the
General Electric Co. for use in the Cascade Tunnel, of the
Great Northern Railway 390

Heavy service, alternating and direct current freight
locomotive built by the Westinghouse Company for the New
York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad 390

The monoroad in practical use for carrying passengers at
City Island, New York 391

The cigar-shaped car of the monoroad 391

A modern railroad freight and passenger terminal: the
terminal of the West Shore Railroad at Weehawken, opposite
New York City 406

High-speed, direct-current passenger locomotive built by
the General Electric Company for terminal service of the
New York Central at the Grand Central Station 407

This is what New York Central McCrea did for the men of
the Canadian Pacific up at Kenora 420

A clubhouse built by the Southern Pacific for its men at
Roseville, California 420

The B. & O. boys enjoying the Railroad Y. M. C. A.,
Chicago Junction 421

"The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company has organized a brass
band for its employees" 421

A high-speed electric locomotive on the Pennsylvania
bringing a through train out of the tunnel underneath the
Hudson River and into the New York City terminal 434

High-speed, direct-current locomotive built by the
Westinghouse Company for the terminal service of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, in New York 434

Two triple-phase locomotives of the Great Northern Railway
helping a double-header steam train up the grade into the
Cascade Tunnel 435

The outer shell of the New Haven's freight locomotive
removed, showing the working parts of the machine 435

_The railroad is a monster. His feet are dipped into the navigable seas, and his many arms reach into the uplands. His fingers clutch the treasures of the hills--coal, iron, timber--all the wealth of Mother Earth. His busy hands touch the broad prairies of corn, wheat, fruits--the yearly produce of the land. With ceaseless activity he brings the raw material that it may be made into the finished. He centralizes industry. He fills the ships that sail the seas. He brings the remote town in quick touch with the busy city. He stimulates life. He makes life._

_His arms stretch through the towns and over the land. His steel muscles reach across great rivers and deep valleys, his tireless hands have long since burrowed their way through God's eternal hills. He is here, there, everywhere. His great life is part and parcel of the great life of the nation._

_He reaches an arm into an unknown country, and it is known! Great tracts of land that were untraversed become farms; hillsides yield up their mineral treasure; a busy town springs into life where there was no habitation of man a little time before, and the town becomes a city. Commerce is born. The railroad bids death and stagnation begone. It creates. It reaches forth with its life, and life is born._

_The railroad is life itself!_

THE MODERN RAILROAD