Chapter 13: Caesar and Christ

B. M. Apollonj-Ghetti, A. Ferrua, E. Josi, E. Kirschbaum,
_Esplorazioni sotto la confessione di San Pietro in Vaticano
eseguite negli anni 1940–1949_, 2 vols. (Rome, 1951)

G. V. Gentili, “Piazza Armerina: grandiosa villa romana in contrada
Casale,” _Not. Scav._ (1951), 291–335

----, _The Imperial Villa of Piazza Armerina_ (MPI _Guides_, Rome,
1956)

H. P. L’Orange and E. Dyggve, “Is it a Palace of Maximian Herculeus
that the excavations of Piazza Armerina bring to light?,”
_Symbolae Osloenses_ 29 (1952), 114–128

M. Guarducci, _La tomba di Pietro_ (Rome, 1959; there is also an
English translation)

E. Kirschbaum, _The Tombs of Peter and Paul_ (New York, 1959)

B. Pace, _I mosaici di Piazza Armerina_ (Rome, 1955)

J. M. C. Toynbee and J. B. Ward Perkins, _The Shrine of St. Peter
and the Vatican Excavations_ (London, 1956)

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

Achilles, 192

Actium, 150, 152

Admiralty, 182

Aemilius Paulus, L., 149

Aeneas, 63, 67, 92, 142, 149, 152, 165, 167, 220

Africa, 138, 235, 262, 283, 332, 336, 337

Agave, 188

Agrippa, 154, 165, 285, 286, 309, 320

Agrippina, 156

Alaric, 325

Alba Fucens, 91, 95, 97, 98, 104, 105, 109, 116, 266, 302, 304

Alba Longa, 63, 149

Alban Hills, 62, 64, 69, 70

Albenga, 104_n._

Albinius, L., 148

Alexander Severus, 299, 314

Alexandria, 117, 118, 219, 283

Altheim, 3

Amazon, 294

Ambrosia, 340

Anchises, 142

Ancona, 271

Ancus Martius, 66, 92, 94

Andromache, 192

Anicetus, Pope, 347

Anio (tufa), 86, 317, 318

Antinous, 278, 283, 285, 291, 292, 294

Antonia (major), 165

Antonia (minor), 164

Antonines, 253

Antoninus Pius, 296, 345

Antony, Mark, 150, 151, 152, 154, 165, 238

Anzio, 35, 87, 94, 112

Apollo, 29, 52, 83, 162, 187, 188, 292, 344

Apollodorus (of Damascus), 265, 271, 274, 281

Apulia. _See_ Puglia

Aqua Appia, 148

Arachne, 242

Ardea, 35, 87

Arene Candide, 8

Ares, 294

Arezzo, 51, 148, 149

Argo, 176

Ariadne, 222

Ariminum. _See_ Rimini

Arion, 335

Arno, 25

Arnoaldi, 18, 20

Arretine ware, 107, 267

Arrius Crescens, C., 205

Artemis, 185, 186, 188

Ascanius, s. of Aeneas, 63, 142, 165

Ashby, T., 305, 317, 318, 319, 321

Asia Minor, 27, 29, 172, 292

Athena, 175, 176, 186

Athens, 280, 292, 294, 340

Audebert, N., 322

Augean Stables, 339

Augustine, St., 263

Augustus, 62, 67, 90, 95, 145, 146, 149–52, 154, 160, 162, 167, 170,
172, 205, 218, 225, 236, 256, 281, 286, 295, 321, 327, 333.
_See also_ Octavian

Aules Feluskes, stele, 27, 36, 77

Babbitt, 215, 218

Babylonia, 43

Bacchus, 222

Bacon, Francis, 223

Baiae, 286

Ballance, M., 303

Balzi Rossi, 8

Barberini, 289

Belgians, 91, 95

Belisarius, 325

Bellona, 239

Benacci, 18, 64

Benevento, 112, 170

Bernini, G. B., 137, 146, 289, 349

Bithynia, 283

Bituitus, 98

Bizerta, 112

Bloch, H., 252, 269, 273, 294

Bocchoris, 118

Bologna, 18, 112, 268, 303

Bolsena, 29, 35

Bonaparte, Lucien, 57

Boni, G., 63, 67, 71, 74, 85, 267

Boscoreale, villa at, 211

Boscotrecase, 218

Boston, Public Library, 262

Bovianum Vetus, 116

Bovillae, 300

Bracciano, Lake, 321

Bracciolini, Poggio, 322

Bradford, John, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 24, 46, 54, 111, 112, 115

Bramante, D., 136, 246

Brindisi, 112, 271

Britannia, 168

British School at Rome, 2, 304

Brizio, G., 32

Bronze Age, 7, 10, 13, 14, 17, 67

Brown, F. E., 107, 109, 151

Bruno, G., 294

Byzantium, 296

Caecilius Jucundus, L., 213

Caere. _See_ Cerveteri

Cagliari, 132

Caligula, 156, 172, 181, 194, 296

Calpurnia, 209

Calpurnius Piso, L., 209

Calza, G., 92, 94, 95, 251, 256

Campagna, Roman, 62, 318

Campo di Servirola, 14

Canale, 22, 24

Canino, Princess of, 57, 58

Canopus, at Alexandria, 283, 295

Cape Bon, 112

Capestrano, Warrior of, 22

Capua, 42, 51, 300

Caracalla, 248

Caravaggio, M., 189

Carcopino, J., 185

Carrhae, 152

Carthage, 17, 91, 320, 332

Caryatids, 294

Casanova, G. B., 197

Castagnoli, F., 78_n._, 109

Castel Gandolfo, 62

Castellazzo di Fontanellato, 10, 11, 13

Castor, 148, 167

Cato the Elder, 46, 101

centuriation, 109

Cerberus, 56

Certosa, situla, 20

Cerveteri, 29, 47, 54, 57, 64, 70, 87, 148

Ceryneia, Hind of, 52

Charun, 33, 51, 56

Chatti, 240

Chicago, Pit, 269

Chippendale, 268

Chiusi, 29, 41

Christ, 342, 344

Christianity, 195, 263

Cicero, 78, 134

Ciminian Forest, 309

Civil War, 132

Cività Castellana, 305, 308

Clark, Eleanor, 283

Claudius Caecus, Ap., 148

Claudius, Emperor, 95, 156, 172, 173, 179, 181, 194, 252, 303, 321

Claudius Marcellus, M., 149

Cleopatra, 142, 150, 286

Clusium. _See_ Chiusi

Colini, A. M., 154, 228, 229, 247, 248

Columbus, 179

Commodus, 296

Como, 20

Constantine, 263, 296, 325, 340–42, 345, 349

Constantinople, 288, 296, 298, 325, 333

Constantius, 333

Constantius Chlorus, 336

Cora, 116

Corchiano, 308

Corinth, 320

Corinthian, 120, 150, 320

Cortona, Pietro da, 136

Cosa, 79, 91, 98, 100, 101, 103, 105, 107, 111, 266, 302

Cozza, L., 78

Cozzo, G., 230

Crassus, M. Licinius, 152

Cremona, 112

Crete, 14, 283

Crucifixion, 337

Cumae, 48

Cupids, 142, 176, 187, 190, 222, 256, 257, 291, 332, 335

Cyclopean walls, 95

Cyparissus, 340

Cyprus, 17, 58

Cyrene, 283

Dacia, 267

Dalmatia, 112

Danaids, 188

Danube, 270, 271

Daphne, 340

Degrassi, A., 148, 151

Della Robbia ware, 165

Demeter, 187

Dennis, G., 25, 47, 57

Diana, 178, 204, 219, 336

Dimini, 3

Diocletian, 250, 296

Diomedes, 339

Dionysius I, 88

Dionysus, 222, 292, 344

Domitia, 167

Domitian, 71, 142, 178, 223, 224, 236, 238, 240–43, 246, 247, 250,
256, 273, 283, 296, 332

Domitius Ahenobarbus, L., 167

Doric, 120, 250

Drusus, Nero Claudius, 149, 154, 164, 165

Ducati, P., 18, 24

Dumas, A. (père), 198

Dutch art, 223

Egypt, 8, 33, 58, 94, 118, 120, 154, 219, 220, 262, 292, 344

Elba, 48

Eleusinian mysteries, 187

Ennius, 114

Epicureans, 211

Este, 18, 20

Etruria, Etruscans, 17, 20, 24, 25–61, 104, 105, 108, 154, 292

Euclid, 280

Euryalus, 88

Eurydice, 185, 186

Evander, 63, 67

Fabullus, 190

Faesulae, 116

Falerii Novi, 305

Falerii Veteres. _See_ Cività Castellana

Faliscans, 305

Fascists, 145, 146, 154, 156, 271

Fasolo, F., 120, 122, 123, 125, 129, 130

_Fasti_, 74, 151, 152, 265

Faustinus, 175, 176, 178

Ferrara, museum, 33

Fidenae (tufa), 86, 94

Fiorelli, G., 198

Fiumicino, 260, 265

Flavian Amphitheater. _See_ Rome, Coliseum

Flavians, 189, 194, 195, 223, 236

Florence, Archaeological Museum, 25

_Forma Urbis._ _See_ Marble Plan

Francis I, 270

François, A., 36

Frangipani, 236

Frank, T., 74, 86

Frontinus, Sex. Julius, 317, 319, 320

Furies, 185

Gabii, 132

Gaius Caesar (g.-son of Augustus), 165, 167

Galba, 224

Gallese, 308

Gallicano, 318, 319

Gamberini, R., 151

Ganymede, 176, 185, 236

Garibaldi, G., 198

Gauls, 32, 35, 80, 82, 84, 88, 91, 109, 148, 262

Genius, 219, 239

Gentili, G. V., 333, 340

Geometric ware, 22

_Georgics_, 152, 168

Germanicus, 156, 164

Germans, 182, 202

Geryon, 339

Giant’s Grave, 17

Giglioli, G. Q., 154

Gjerstad, E., 71, 73, 74

Goethe, J. W. von, 198

Golasecca, 20

Gomorrah, 218

Goths, 318, 325, 350

Gracchus:
C. Sempronius, 112;
T. Sempronius (elder), 149;
T. Sempronius (younger), 84

Greece, Greeks, 24, 33, 48, 52, 88, 137, 144, 146, 151, 162, 197, 207,
223, 225, 229, 246, 250, 277, 280, 281, 286, 344

Grotta Oscura (tufa), 74, 85, 86, 88, 90

Grota Porciosa, 308

Guglielmi, Marchese, 47

Gullini, G., 120, 122, 123, 125, 130

Gustav VI, King, 20

Hades, 185

Hadrian, 94, 127, 148, 194, 246, 248, 253, 258, 262, 265, 272,
273–297, 313, 319, 321, 324, 332

Halicarnassus, Mausoleum of, 154

Hamilton, Emma Lady, 198

Hamlin, T., 314

Hannibal, 86

Harvard Stadium, 231

Hector, 192

Helen, 185, 186, 192

Hellenism, 247

Hemingway, E., 231

Herculaneum, 195–97, 209, 223, 344

Hercules, 52, 185, 215, 271, 335, 344

Hermes, 51, 292, 294, 344

Herodotus, 27

Hesione, 185, 186

Hippo, 332

Hippolytus, 188, 190

Hirtius, A., 238, 240

Hollywood, 194

Honorius, 325

Horace, 150, 152, 167

Horus, 344

Humbert I, 289

Iacopi, G., 173, 175, 176

_Iliad_, 215

Illyricum, 7, 271

Ionic, 137,
Ionic-Italic, 124

Iphigenia, 185

Iron Age, 13, 16, 18, 20, 64–67

Isis, 219, 344

Istacidius Zosimus, L., 207

Istituto Geografico Militare, 2

Italia, 168

Italic culture, 27, 90, 91, 107, 146, 150, 281

Japanese, 219

Jason, 185, 186

Jefferson, T., 8

Jerusalem, 225, 226, 236, 240

Jews, 235

Jonah, 342

Jordan R., 236

Joseph, 344

Julia, d. of Augustus, 165

Julia Domna, 156

Julio-Claudians, 149, 171, 172, 182, 192, 194, 205, 241

Julius Caesar, C., 82, 139, 142, 144, 150, 170, 241;
the elder, 149

Juno, 32

Jupiter, 32, 83, 84, 164, 185

Juvenal, 296

Kähler, H., 134, 278

Kos, Sanctuary of Asclepius, 118, 130, 132, 134

Lamboglia, N., 104_n._

Lanciani, R., 85, 226, 227

Laocoön, 175, 176, 192, 339

Latins, 71, 88, 91, 95, 98, 148

Latium, 18, 20, 22, 35, 123

Lavinium, 78_n._

_Lays of Ancient Rome_, 41

Lehmann, Phyllis, 132

Lemnos, 27, 29, 77

Leontini, 22

Lepcis, 332

Lerici, C. M., 46, 47

Libby, W. F., 15

Ligorio, Pirro, 136

Lilliu, G., 15–17, 24

Lipari Is., 22

Liris valley, 95

Livia, 165, 168, 207

Livy, 67, 86, 104, 150, 152

London, 309

L’Orange, H. P., 333

Lorraine, Claude, 69

Louvre, 160, 211

Lucilius, 114

Lucius Caesar, 165

Lucrece, 84

Lucretius, 67

Luculli, 130

Lucullus:
L. Licinius, 149;
M., 119

Ludwig I, 197

Lutatius Catulus, Q., 134

McKim, C. F., 231, 262, 312, 313

Macro, 98

Macstrna, 36

Madison, Wis., 253

Maecenas, 167

Magi, F., 240, 241, 346

Magi, the three, 344

Maiuri, A., 205

Malalas, John, 335

Mandela, 317

Marble:
African, 228, 230;
Carrara, 148, 176;
Parian, 266;
Pentelic, 235, 266

Marble Plan, 138, 226, 228, 229

Marcellus, M. Claudius, 154

Marcus Aurelius, 296

Maremma, 98

Marius, 86, 105_n._, 116, 148

Mars, 82, 149, 150, 164, 165, 168, 190, 239–41

Marsyas, 107, 187

Martial, 178, 340

Martyrs, 230

Marzabotto, 29, 31–33, 35, 43, 45, 82, 83, 94, 103

Masseria Fongo, 3

Matera, 7

Maxentius, 327, 335, 337

Maximian, 335, 337

Maximilian, 223

Medea, 185, 186, 188

Medusa, 178

Menelaus, 176

Mengarelli, P., 47

Mercury, 215, 219, 220

Mesopotamia, 8

Messina, 175

Michael, archangel, 294

Michelangelo, 134, 152, 189, 339

Milan, 298

Minerva, 32, 219, 239, 242, 344

Mithras, 263

Mithridates VI, 138

Modena, 112

Molfetta, 7

Monica, 263

Monteverde (tufa), 86

Moretti, G., 156, 158, 160

Mostra Augustea della Romanità, 230

Mozart, 291

Mumford, L., 314

Murat, J., 198

Muse(s), 188, 242, 243

Mussolini, B., 140, 145, 146, 178, 179, 228, 230, 247, 251, 327

Mycenae, 14

Naples, 111;
museum, 118, 201, 211, 219

Nemean lion, 339

Nemi, Lake, 104_n._, 172, 178, 182

Nepi, 305

Nereids, 257, 340

Nero, 167, 171–73, 189, 194, 224, 296, 309, 342, 347

Nerva, 156, 240, 250

Nessus, 339

New York, Pennsylvania Station, 312

Nile, 118, 294

_Notizie degli Scavi_, 327

Numa, 66, 71, 73, 80

Numidia, 266

_nuraghi_, 15, 18, 24

Octavia, 154, 164, 165, 167

Octavian, 144, 145, 150, 152.
_See also_ Augustus

Odysseus, 335

Olympic victors, 151

Olynthus, 32

Orestes, 185

Orpheus, 185, 186, 335

Orsi, P., 18, 22, 24, 327

Orvieto, 29

Oscan, 200, 207

Osimo, 112

Osiris, 292

Ostia, 91, 92, 94, 95, 114, 116, 172, 212, 251–65, 269, 270, 340, 351

Otho, 224

Ovid, 212

Pace, B., 333, 340

Pacuvius, 114

Paestum, 112, 116

Palestrina, Sanctuary of Fortune, 116–38, 139, 146, 267, 286, 332

Palladio, A., 136

Palladium, 185

Pan, 335

Paris, 185, 192

Parma, 112

Parthenon frieze, 162

Parthians, 152, 324

Pascolare di Castello, 62, 63

Pasiphaë, 188

Passo di Corvo, 3, 6, 7, 8

Patroclus, 176

Pega valley, 33

Pelasgian walls, 95

Penates, 167

Pergamum, 176, 339

Perseus, King, 97

Perugia, 29

Perugino, 189

Pesaro, 112

Pesco Montano, 300

Petronius, 218

Phaedra, 188, 190

Phaon, 187

Philippi, 150

Philodemus, 209

Phoenicia, 17

Phrygia, 27, 262

Piacenza, 43, 45, 112, 299

Piazza Armerina, 327, 339, 340

Picasso, 339

Picenum, 20

Pigorini, L., 10, 11, 13, 14, 24, 27, 32, 63, 65, 85

Piranesi, G. B., 25, 69, 134

Pius:
XI, 341;
XII, 341

Placentia. _See_ Piacenza

Plautus, 218

Pliny (elder), 175, 187, 215, 225, 321

Pollux, 148, 167

Polybius, 94

Polyphemus, 335

Pompeii, 32, 107, 114, 116, 118, 188, 195, 196–223, 241, 242, 251,
253, 258, 262, 270

Pompey, 138, 142, 144, 170

Pomptine marshes, 299

Ponte Lupo, 318

Pontifex Maximus, 82, 165, 167, 351

Pope(s), the, 238, 326

Poppaea, 190

Populonia, 29, 48, 51

Porsenna, Lars, 41

Portus, 263

Postumius, A., 148

Pozzuoli, 112

Praeneste. _See_ Palestrina

Pratica di Mare, 78_n._

Propertius, 212

Ptolemy XI Alexander II, 120

Puglia, 1, 112

Puglisi, S. M., 65, 70

Pythagoras, 187

Quinctius Crispinus, T., 164

Quintilius Varus, P., 164

Rabirius, 142, 242, 243, 250

Randall-MacIver, D., 14

Raphael Santi, 136, 189, 289

Rasenna, 40

Ravenna, 298, 333

Reggio Emilia, 14

Regillus, Lake, 148

Remus, 168

Renaissance, 137, 164, 189, 230, 268, 322, 341, 349

Resina, 196

Rhodes, 175, 176

Ricci, C., 140, 142, 146, 149, 267

Richardson, L., Jr., 107

Richmond, I. A., 321

Rimini, 18, 112, 299, 303

Roma, goddess, 168, 236, 238

Romantics, 246

Roma Quadrata, 11

Rome:
--Altar of Peace, 145, 146, 149, 150, 156–70, 172, 179, 236,
238, 241, 341
--Altar of Piety, 172
--American Academy in, 2, 312, 314, 317, 321
--Aqueducts, 310, 314–21
--Arches:
of Augustus, 145, 150–52, 170;
Constantine, 170, 296;
Septimius Severus, 69, 170, 296;
Titus, 170, 194, 225, 226, 235
--Atrium Vestae, 194
--Aurelian’s Wall, 296, 299, 321–26
--Aventine Hill, 87
--Basilicas:
Aemilia, 140;
Julia, 140, 266;
of Maxentius, 137, 229, 297, 325;
Ulpia, 265, 266
--Baths:
of Caracalla, 296, 298, 309, 319;
Diocletian, 137, 296, 309, 319;
Titus, 194;
Trajan, 189
--British School at, 2, 304
--Campus Martius, 138, 154, 156, 160, 225, 236, 246, 247
--Cancelleria reliefs, 170, 225, 238–41, 242
--Capitoline:
Hill, 73, 83, 84, 134, 142, 267;
Temple, 32, 52;
Wolf, 51
--Castel Sant’ Angelo. _See_ Mausoleum of Hadrian
--Churches:
Gesù, 160;
SS. Cosma e Damiano, 229;
San Giovanni in Laterano, 266;
San Lorenzo, 266;
San Sebastiano, 348;
S. Francesca Romana, 67;
Sant’ Agnese, 250;
San Paolo fuori le mura, 266;
Santa Sabina, 266;
Santa Maria degli Angeli, 309
--Circuses:
of Maxentius, 325;
Maximus, 333
--Clivus Argentarius, 142
--Cloaca Maxima, 85, 86, 242
--Coliseum, 140, 192, 194, 224, 228, 230–35, 236, 250, 280, 281,
312, 336, 340
--Columns:
of Marcus Aurelius, 170, 296;
Trajan, 170, 265, 266, 269–72, 339
--Comitium, 74, 79
--_Domus Aurea._ _See_ Golden House, below
--Equus Domitiani, 71, 79
--Esquiline Hill, 64, 70, 84, 86, 267
--Fora:
of Augustus, 145, 146–50, 152, 170, 241, 265, 266;
Caesar, 140, 146, 150, 241, 265;
of Peace, 138, 224–26, 289;
Romanum, 63, 64, 67, 69, 73, 116, 134;
of Trajan, 146, 251, 265–66;
Transitorium (“of Nerva”), 146, 224–25, 228, 241–43, 266
--French Academy, 160
--Golden House, 172, 173, 189–94, 224–25, 231, 274, 283, 329
--House of Livia, 67, 146
--Hut of Romulus, 67, 146, 246
--Largo Argentina, 139;
temples in, 88
--Mausolea:
of Augustus, 145, 149, 154–56, 162, 167, 170, 292;
of Hadrian, 273, 289, 292, 294, 326
--Milvian Bridge, 325
--Mithraea, 310, 310_n._
--Museums:
Conservatori, 83, 151;
Lateran, 312;
Terme, 118, 160, 162, 173, 178, 309;
Villa Giulia, 25, 52.
_See also_ Vatican City
--Odeum of Domitian, 250
--Palatine: 63, 64, 69, 85, 137, 172, 246, 305;
Antiquarium, 65;
Farnese Gardens, 63;
Flavian Palace, 63, 66, 118, 225, 243–47, 283, 332;
House of Griffins, 67;
huts, 64, 70, 90, 326;
stadium, 246
--Palazzi:
Caffarelli, 83;
della Cancelleria, 236, 239;
Fiano, 156, 160, 164, 168;
del Senatore, 134;
Venezia, 140, 228
--Pantheon:
of Agrippa, 286;
of Hadrian, 129, 148, 192, 273, 281, 283, 285–89, 295, 312
--Piazze:
Navona, 247;
del Popolo, 137
--Pons Sublicius, 13
--Ponte Sant’ Angelo, 292
--Porte:
Appia, 325;
Asinaria, 325;
del Popolo, 148;
Maggiore, 319;
San Lorenzo, 322;
San Pancrazio, 326
--Porticus of Octavia, 145
--Quirinal, 64, 70, 87, 267
--Regia, 41, 73, 80, 151
--Rostra, 78
--Septimontium, 73
--“Servian” Wall, 85–90
--Stadium of Domitian, 225, 247–50
--subterranean basilica, at Pta. Maggiore, 74, 172, 182–89, 236, 342
--Subura, 146, 241
--Swedish Institute, 2
--Tabularium, 116, 134
--Temples:
of Antoninus and Faustina, 69, 194, 296;
Castor, 148, 150, 151;
Deified Julius, 150, 151;
Deified Trajan, 265;
Fortuna Redux, 241;
Minerva, 228–29;
Peace, 229;
Venus and Rome, 194, 273, 274, 280–83, 286, 295;
Venus Victrix, 139
--Theaters:
of Marcellus, 250;
of Pompey, 88, 134, 150, 289
--Torre dei Conti, 229
--Trajan’s Market, 137, 267–69
--Trastevere, 321
--Vatican Hill, 342
--Vesta, Shrine of, 66, 67, 73, 80
--Vie:
Biberatica, 269;
di Grotta Pinta, 138;
dell’ Impero, 140, 146, 228
--Ville:
Medici, 160;
under Farnesina, 118

Romulus, 66, 78, 149, 151, 152, 165, 168

Roselle, 29, 42

Rosetta Stone, 42

Rostra, 88

Rothschild, Edward de, 211

Ruspoli, 47

Sabina, 292

Sabines, 71

Säflund, G., 85, 87, 88

St. Paul, 348

St. Peter, 266, 342, 347, 348

St. Peter’s. _See_ Vatican City

Salerno, 112

Samnites, 22, 91, 95, 207, 303

San Fuoco d’Angelone, 3, 6

San Giovenale, 20

Santa Severa (Pyrgi), 42

Sappho, 187

Saracens, 350

Sardinia, 14, 17, 18, 262

Sargent, J. S., 190

Satricum, 52

Scherer, M., 246

Scylla, 176

Sejanus, 98, 173

Septimius Severus, 138, 156

Servius Tullius, 33, 66, 67, 85, 87

Sesklo, 7

Sesto, 111

Severi, 253, 285, 296

Sfax, 112

Sicily, 17, 18, 22, 94, 138, 326

Siculans, 22, 24

Silenus, 222, 294

Silius Italicus, 36

Silvanus, 292

Sixtus V, Pope, 266

Social War, 303.
_See also_ Civil War

Sodom, 218

Solway, 283

Spain, 262

Spalato, 137, 329

Sperlonga, 133, 172, 173–78, 182, 246

Spina, 29, 33, 43, 51

Spinazzola, V., 202, 251

Spoleto, 112

Statilius Taurus, T., 188

Stone, Kirk H., 2

Stone Age, 17

Subiaco, 317

Sulla, L. Cornelius, 86, 95, 97, 98, 116, 118, 120, 123, 124, 130,
134, 138, 142, 144, 148, 170, 200, 205

Su Nuraxi, 15–17

Swedish Institute in Rome, 2

Syphax, King, 97

Syracuse, 22, 91

Syria, 58, 292

Tacitus, 173, 188, 342

Tagliacozzo, 304

Tarpeia, 84

Tarchunies Rumach, Cn., 36

Tarquinia, 25, 29, 38, 40–42, 46–48, 51, 54, 60, 64

Tarquinius Romanus, Cn., 36

Tarquins: 38, 84;
Tarquinius Priscus, 66, 67, 73;
Tarquinius Superbus, 66, 67, 83, 84

Tarracina, 116, 132, 300

Tauris, 185

Tavoliere, 2, 3, 7, 8, 13, 20, 24

Tellus, 168

_terremare_, 10, 13, 14, 20, 24, 32, 63, 85

Teutoberg Forest, 164

Thatcher, E. D., 257

Thetis, 192

Thoas, 185

Tiber, 25, 162, 252, 260, 265, 292, 294, 299

Tiberius, 98, 154, 164, 171–73, 176, 178, 194, 302

Tibur. _See_ Tivoli

Tin (god), 32

Titus, 223, 224, 235, 236, 238, 309

Tivoli: 302, 318;
aqueducts near, 317;
Hadrian’s Villa near, 137, 246, 272, 273, 274–80, 281, 283, 286,
289–92, 294–95, 329;
T. of Hercules Victor, 134;
T. at Sibylla, 116;
Villa d’Este, 136

Torlonia, 260

Torre dell’ Isola, 305

Torre Galli, 22, 24

Toynbee, Jocelyn M., 241, 342

Trajan, 95, 250, 273, 309, 321

Travertine, 144, 313

Trieste, 112

Trimalchio, 218

Triptolemus, 187

Tritons, 187, 257

Troy, 175, 185, 192

Tuchulcha, 51

Tufas, table of, 75

Tullus Hostilius, 66

Turin, 112

Turner, F. J., 114

Tuscan, 137, 215

Tyne, 283

Ulysses, 176, 185

Uni, 32

Vaglieri, D., 64

Valadier, J., 137

Valerian, 349

Valerius Maximus, Man., 149

Vandals, 350

Van Deman, E. B., 194, 317–19, 321

Van Essen, C. C., 192, 200, 303

Vatican City:
cemetery under Annona, 346;
Old St. Peter’s, 341, 345;
St. Peter’s, 144, 146, 194, 230, 265, 289, 292, 313, 326, 341, 350;
St. Peter’s, cemetery under, 342, 345, 347, 349, 350;
Sistine Chapel, 339;
Vatican Museum, 25, 57, 148, 160, 175, 238;
Vatican Palace, 189, 246

Veii, 29, 38, 52, 83–85, 305

Velasquez, D., 189

Velcha, 51

Venus, 142, 150, 190, 219, 241, 286

Vergil, 63, 67, 149, 150, 152, 167, 168, 175, 212, 270

Versailles, 194, 272, 277

Vespasian, 138, 156, 224, 225, 228, 231, 235, 238, 240–43, 341, 347

Vesta, 219

Vestals, 80, 148, 168, 238

Vesuvius, 196, 209

Vetulonia, 27, 29, 36, 77

Vibenna, 36

Vibo Valentia, 112

Vibrata valley, 8

Vicovaro, 317

Victor Emanuel II, 289

Victoria, Queen, 198

Victory, 236, 239, 271

Vie:
Aemilia, 299, 303;
Amerina, 305, 308;
Appia, 132, 148, 300, 301, 348;
Aurelia, 98, 303;
Flaminia, 156, 303, 308;
Latina, 299;
Ostiensis, 92;
Salaria, 299;
Tiburtina, 136;
Valeria, 95, 97, 111, 302, 303

Vienna, 168

Villanovan(s), 13, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 64, 305

Virginia, 8

Vitellius, 224

Vitruvius, 301

Volterra, 29

Volubilis, 332

Vulca, 52, 83

Vulci, 26, 29, 36, 42, 52, 98, 107

Ward Perkins, J. B., 305, 308, 342

Weege, F., 189, 190

Winckelmann, J. J., 197

Wisconsin, U. of, 2

Yourcenar, M., 283

Zagreb, 40, 42

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the correction was apparent, and otherwise left unresolved.

Page numbers in the List of Illustrations were printed in italics. To improve readability, the italics indicators are not shown here.

Index not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.

Some images have been rotated 90° to make them easier to read.

In the original book, two or three images often were placed on the same page and sometimes overlapped each other to save space. In this eBook, they are shown separately, in Figure-number sequence.

Images have been moved, when necessary, between paragraphs, so the page numbers in the List of Illustrations do not always match the actual positions of the images in this eBook.

Images were of various sizes in the original book. Here, most are shown at a uniformly-large size, while a few are shown even larger to make details and text identifications readable.

FIG. 2.9 was printed as shown, apparently mirror-image, perhaps as a rubbed impression.

FIG. 7.4 had no caption; the one shown in this eBook was copied from the List of Illustrations.

FIG. 8.7’s “Legend” was difficult to read and has not been transcribed.

Page 301: “CXX” was enclosed in a rectangular medallion.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Mute Stones Speak, by Paul Lachlan MacKendrick