Chapter XXVII: Appendix (1)

A FEW BOOKS UPON CELTIC MYTHOLOGY
AND LITERATURE

The object of this short list is merely to supplement the marginal notes by pointing out to a reader desirous of going deeper into the subject the most recent and accessible works upon it. That they should be accessible is, in its intention, the most important thing; and therefore only books easily and cheaply obtainable will be mentioned.

INTRODUCTORY

Matthew Arnold.—THE STUDY OF CELTIC LITERATURE. Popular Edition.
London, 1891.

Ernest Renan.—THE POETRY OF THE CELTIC RACES (and other studies).
Translated by William G. Hutchinson. London, 1896.

_Two eloquent appreciations of Celtic literature._

Magnus Maclean, M.A., D.C.L.—THE LITERATURE OF THE CELTS. Its
History and Romance. London, 1902.

_A handy exposition of all the branches of Celtic literature._

Elizabeth A. Sharp (editor).—LYRA CELTICA. An Anthology of
Representative Celtic Poetry. Ancient Irish, Alban, Gaelic,
Breton, Cymric, and Modern Scottish and Irish Celtic Poetry.
With introduction and notes by William Sharp. Edinburgh, 1896.

Alfred Nutt.—CELTIC AND MEDIÆVAL ROMANCE. No. 1 of Mr. Nutt’s
“Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore”. London,
1899.

_A pamphlet briefly tracing the indebtedness of mediæval
European literature to pre-mediæval Celtic sources._

HISTORICAL

H. d’Arbois de Jubainville.—LA CIVILISATION DES CELTES ET CELLE DE
L’ÉPOPÉE HOMÉRIQUE. Paris, 1899.

_Vol. VI of the author’s monumental “Cours de Littérature
celtique.”_

Patrick Weston Joyce.—A SOCIAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT IRELAND, treating
of the Government, Military System, and Law; Religion, Learning,
and Art; Trades, Industries, and Commerce; Manners, Customs, and
Domestic Life of the Ancient Irish People. 2 vols. London, 1903.

Charles I. Elton, F.S.A.—ORIGINS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. Second edition,
revised. London, 1890.

John Rhys.—CELTIC BRITAIN. “Early Britain” Series. London, 1882.

H. d’Arbois de Jubainville.—INTRODUCTION À L’ÉTUDE DE LA LITTÉRATURE
CELTIQUE. Vol. I of the “Cours de Littérature celtique”. Paris,
1883.

_Contains, among other information, the fullest and most
authentic account of the druids and druidism._

GAELIC MYTHOLOGY

H. d’Arbois de Jubainville.—LE CYCLE MYTHOLOGIQUE IRLANDAIS ET LA
MYTHOLOGIE CELTIQUE. Vol. II of the “Cours de Littérature
celtique”. Paris, 1884. Translated into English as

THE IRISH MYTHOLOGICAL CYCLE AND CELTIC MYTHOLOGY. With notes by
R. I. Best. Dublin, 1903.

_An account of Irish mythical history and of some of the greater
Gaelic gods. With chapters on some of the more striking phases
of Celtic belief._

Alfred Nutt.—THE VOYAGE OF BRAN, SON OF FEBAL. An Irish Historic
Legend of the eighth century. Edited by Kuno Meyer. With essays
upon the Happy Otherworld in Irish Myth and upon the Celtic
Doctrine of Rebirth. Vol. I—The Happy Otherworld. Vol. II—The
Celtic Doctrine of Rebirth. Grimm Library, Vols. IV and VI.
London, 1895-1897.

_Contains, among other notable contributions to the study of
Celtic mythology, an enquiry into the nature of the Tuatha Dé
Danann, a subject briefly treated in the same author’s_

THE FAIRY MYTHOLOGY OF SHAKESPEARE. No. 6 of “Popular Studies in
Mythology, Romance, and Folklore”. London, 1900.

Patrick Weston Joyce.—OLD CELTIC ROMANCES. Translated from the
Gaelic. London, 1894.

_A retelling in popular modern style of some of the more
important mythological and Fenian stories._

Lady Gregory.—GODS AND FIGHTING MEN. The story of the Tuatha Dé
Danann and of the Fianna of Erin. Arranged and put into English
by Lady Gregory. With a Preface by W. B. Yeats. London, 1904.

_Covers much the same ground as Mr. Joyce’s book, but in more
literary manner._

Alfred Nutt.—OSSIAN AND THE OSSIANIC LITERATURE. No. 3 of “Popular
Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore”. London, 1899.

_A short survey of the literature connected with the Fenians._

John Gregorson Campbell, Minister of Tiree.—THE FIANS. Stories,
poems, and traditions of Fionn and his Warrior Band,
collected entirely from oral sources. With introduction and
bibliographical notes by Alfred Nutt. Vol. IV of “Waifs and
Strays of Celtic Tradition”. London, 1891.

_An account of the Fenians from the Scottish-Gaelic side._

Alfred Nutt.—CUCHULAINN THE IRISH ACHILLES. No. 8 of “Popular
Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore”. London, 1900.

_A brief but excellent introduction to the Cuchulainn cycle._

Lady Gregory.—CUCHULAIN OF MUIRTHEMNE. The story of the Men of the
Red Branch of Ulster. Arranged and put into English by Lady
Gregory. With a Preface by W. B. Yeats. London, 1902.

_A retelling in poetic prose of the tales connected with
Cuchulainn._

Eleanor Hull.—THE CUCHULLIN SAGA IN IRISH LITERATURE. Being a
collection of stories relating to the Hero Cuchullin, translated
from the Irish by various scholars. Compiled and edited with
introduction and notes by Eleanor Hull. With Map of Ancient
Ireland. Grimm Library, Vol. VIII. London, 1898.

_A series of Cuchulainn stories from the ancient Irish
manuscripts. More literal than Lady Gregory’s adaptation._

H. d’Arbois de Jubainville.—L’ÉPOPÉE CELTIQUE EN IRLANDE. Vol. V of
the “Cours de Littérature celtique”. Paris, 1892.

_A collection, translated into French, of some of the principal
stories of the Cuchulainn cycle, with various appendices upon
Gaelic mythological subjects._

L. Winifred Faraday, M.A.—THE CATTLE RAID OF CUALGNE (Tain Bo
Cuailgne). An old Irish prose-epic translated for the first time
from the Leabhar na h-Uidhri and the Yellow Book of Lecan. Grimm
Library, Vol. XVI. London, 1904.

_A strictly literal rendering of the central episode of the
Cuchulainn cycle._

BRITISH MYTHOLOGY

Ivor B. John.—THE MABINOGION. No. 11 of “Popular Studies in
Mythology, Romance, and Folklore”. London, 1901.

_A pamphlet introduction to the Mabinogion literature._

Lady Charlotte Guest.—THE MABINOGION. From the Welsh of the LLYFR
COCH O HERGEST (the Red Book of Hergest) in the library of Jesus
College, Oxford. Translated, with notes, by Lady Charlotte
Guest.

First edition. Text, translation, and notes, 3 vols., 1849.
Translation and notes only, 1 vol., 1877.
The Boys’ Mabinogion, 1881.

_Cheap editions of this classic have been lately issued. One may
obtain it in Mr. Nutt’s handsome little volume; as one of Dent’s
“Temple Classics”; or in the “Welsh Library”._

J. Loth.—LES MABINOGION, traduits en entier pour la première fois en
français avec un commentaire explicatif et des notes critiques.
2 vols. Vols. III and IV of De Jubainville’s “Cours de
Littérature celtique”. Paris, 1889.

_A more exact translation than that of Lady Guest, with notes
embodying more recent scholarship._

J. A. Giles, D.C.L.—OLD ENGLISH CHRONICLES, including ... Geoffrey
of Monmouth’s British History, Gildas, Nennius ... Edited, with
illustrative notes, by J. A. Giles, D.C.L. “Bohn’s Antiquarian
Library”. London, 1901.

_The most accessible edition of Geoffrey of Monmouth._

Sir Thomas Malory.—THE MORTE DARTHUR. Edited by Dr. H. Oskar Sommer.
Vol. I—the Text. Vol. II—Glossary, Index, &c. Vol. III—Study on
the Sources. London, 1889-1891.

_Vol. I of this, the best text of the Morte Darthur, can be
obtained separately._

Jessie L. Weston.—KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHTS. A survey of Arthurian
romance. No. 4 of “Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and
Folklore”. London, 1899.

Alfred Nutt.—THE LEGENDS OF THE HOLY GRAIL. No. 14 of “Popular
Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore”. London, 1902.

_Useful introductions to a more special study of Arthurian
literature._

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CELTIC MYTHOLOGY

John Rhys.—LECTURES ON THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF RELIGION AS
ILLUSTRATED BY CELTIC HEATHENDOM. “The Hibbert Lectures for
1886.” London, 1898.

John Rhys.—STUDIES IN THE ARTHURIAN LEGEND. Oxford, 1901.

_These two volumes are the most important attempts yet made
towards a scientific and comprehensive study of the Celtic
mythology._

CELTIC FAIRY AND FOLK LORE

GAELIC

T. Crofton Croker.—FAIRY LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF
IRELAND.

_This book is one of the earliest, and, if not the most
scientific, perhaps the most attractive of the many collections
of Irish fairy-lore. Later compilations are Mr. William
Larminie’s_

_“West Irish Folktales and Romances”, and Mr. Jeremiah Curtin’s
“Hero Tales of Ireland”, “Myths and Folklore of Ireland”, and
“Tales of the Fairies, collected in South Munster”. On the
Scotch side, notice should be particularly taken of Campbell’s
“Popular Tales of the West Highlands” and the volumes entitled
“Waifs and Strays of Celtic Tradition”. All these books are
either recent or recently republished, and are merely selected
out of a large list of works, valuable and otherwise, upon this
lighter side of Celtic mythology._

BRITISH

John Rhys.—CELTIC FOLKLORE, WELSH AND MANX. 2 vols. Oxford, 1901.

Wirt Sikes.—BRITISH GOBLINS: Welsh Folklore, Fairy Mythology,
Legends, and Traditions. By Wirt Sikes, United States Consul for
Wales. London, 1880.

FOLKLORE COMPARATIVELY TREATED

George Laurence Gomme.—ETHNOLOGY IN FOLKLORE. “Modern Science”
Series. London, 1892.

_An attempt to assign apparently non-Aryan beliefs and customs
in the British islands to pre-Aryan inhabitants._

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INDEX

Aberffraw, marriage of Branwen at, 289. Abergeleu, sacred well at, 415. Achill Island, folk-tales preserved at, 233. Achilles, the Irish, 158. Achren, battle of, 305, 306; castle of, 320. Acrisius, 236. Adamnan’s _Life of Saint Columba_, 401, 417. Advocates’ Library at Edinburgh, 11, 190. Aebh, wife of Lêr, 142. Aed, son of Lêr, 143. Aedh, son of Miodhchaoin, 105. Aeife, wife of Lêr, 142, 143, 144. Aerfon, a title of the river Dee, 413. _Æs Sídhe_, the “folk of the mounds”, the gods or fairies, 137, 168. Africa, 19, 120, 274, 324. Aganippus, king of the Franks, 382, 383. Agriculture god of, British, 261; a Gaulish, 274. Ailbhe, foster-daughter of Bodb the Red, 142. Aileach, grave of Nuada at, 122, 157. Ailill, king of Connaught, 147, 154, 164, 165, 175, 179, 200. Ailinn, love-story of, 188, 189. Ailioll of Arran, 142. Ainé, queen of the fairies of South Munster, 244-246. Ainle, one of the sons of Usnach, 192, 193, 196. Airceltrai, the _sídh_ of Ogma, 136, 157. Airem, Eochaid, high king of Ireland, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 331, 332. _Airem_, meaning of the word, 149, 333. Airmid, daughter of Diancecht, 80, 81, 82, 110. Alator, a war-god worshipped in Britain, 275. Alaw, river in Anglesey, 294, 295. Alba, 97, 104, 163, 178, 192, 193, 196, 382; Deirdre’s farewell to, 194-195. Albania, a name for Alba, 382. Ale of Goibniu, 61. Allobroges, 384, 385. Amaethon, son of Dôn, British god of Agriculture, 261, 305, 308, 313, 316, 345; fights against Brân in the battle of Achren, 305-308; assists Kulhwch to win Olwen, 345. Amergin, druid of the Milesians, 123-130. Amesbury, “castle” of, 29. Amlwch, stream of, 295. Ana, see Anu. Ancient Britons, who were the, 18-23. Aneurin, a sixth-century British bard, 11, 295, 372. Aneurin, the Book of, 11. Anglesey, island of, 289, 294, 322, 388, 400. Anglo-Saxon, our descent not entirely, 3. Anguish, Anguissance, king of Ireland, 357. Angus, Gaelic god of love and beauty, 56, 79, 80, 117, 136, 139-142, 147, 156, 157, 205, 211-214, 217, 218, 221, 240; his attributes, 56; his wooing of Caer, 140-142; cheats his father, the Dagda, 139; steals Etain from Mider, 147; helps Diarmait and Grainne, 217, 218, 221; matches his pigs against the Fenians, 213-214. Anicetus, Sol Apollo, a Romano-British god, 275. Animals, sacred, 406, 416, 417; sacrifices of, 406, 411, 412, 413. Anna, sister of Arthur, 323. _Annals of the Four Masters_, 204. Annwn, the British Otherworld, 254, 273, 278-282, 303, 308, 309, 318, 319, 321, 390, 391. _Annwn, the Spoiling of_, a poem by Taliesin, 305, 306, 317, 366. Anu, or Ana, a Gaelic goddess of prosperity and abundance, 50; the “Paps of Ana”, 50; still living in folklore as Aynia and Ainé, 245. Aoibhinn, queen of the fairies of North Munster, 244. Aoife, an Amazon defeated by Cuchulainn, 164, 176, 177. Aphrodité, the British, 271, 388. Apollo, the Gaelic, 62; the British, 262; a temple of, in Britain, 42, 325. Apples, of the Garden of the Hesperides, 98, 99, 102; in the Celtic Elysium, 98, 136. Apple-tree of Ailenn, 189. Aquitani, 22. Aranon, son of Milé, 123. Arawn, king of Annwn, 279, 280, 281, 306, 308, 309, 312, 315, 329, 357, 375. Ardan, a son of Usnach, 192, 193, 196. Ard Chein, 93. Arddu, Black Stone of, 305. Arês, 52. _Argetlám_, 49, 78. Arianrod, a British goddess, 261-265, 313, 317, 322, 364, 371; her place in later legend taken by Arthur’s sister, 364. Armagh, 136, 158. Arnold, Matthew, 3, 16, 356. Arran, Isle of, 60, 142, 415. Art, the “Lonely”, king of Tara, 189, 202. Artaius, Mercurius, a Gaulish god, 274. Arthur, 6, 8, 14, 155, 202, 222, 246, 258, 259, 271, 273, 274, 276, 296, 304, 306, 311, 312-320, 322, 323, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330-343, 348, 349, 351-360, 362, 364-366, 368, 371, 374-376, 392, 407; the mythical and the historical, 313, 314; assumes the attributes of Gwydion, 316; the Spoiling of Annwn by, 319-322; becomes head of the British Pantheon, 312-313; wins Olwen for Kulhwch, 343-353; in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s _History_, 374, 375; leads the Wild Hunt, 392. _Arthurian Legend, Studies in the_, Professor Rhys’s, 148, 158, 255, 257, 258, 269, 272, 274, 278, 285, 313, 314, 316, 321, 322, 323, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 358, 359, 360, 364, 367, 368, 369, 370, 383, 387, 389. Artur, son of Nemed, 274. Aryans, 21, 31, 32, 247; common traditions of the, 32, 176, 189; Aryan languages, 21. Astarte, worshipped at Corbridge, 275. Astolat, 362. Athens, 153. Athlone, 175, 216. Augusel, a king of Scotland, 375. Aurelius, a British king, 325. Avallach, see Avallon. Avallon, a British god of the Underworld, 329, 359; Isle of, 374, and see Avilion. Avebury, the “castle” of, 29. Avilion, 133, 315, 329, 332, 334, 335, 390, 394. Aynia, a fairy queen of Ulster, 245.

Babylon, 178. Badb, a Gaelic war-goddess, 52, 53, 72, 117, 119, 245; the name often used generically, 53; description of a, 53. “Badger in the bag”, the game of, 285, 303. Badon, battle of, 338. Baile, love-story of, 188-189. Baile’s Strand, 186, 188. Bajocassus, Temple of the sun-god Belinus at, 276. Bala lake, 265. Balan, 276, 357, 364. Balder, 33. Balgatan, a mountain near Cong, 73. Balin, 276, 357, 358, 364. Ballymagauran, village of, 38. Ballymote, Book of, 10, 38, 123, 138, 229, 231. Ballysadare, 75. Balor, a king of the Fomors, 48-49, 50, 79, 83, 84, 90, 112, 113, 120, 233-239, 269, 324, 341, 345, 371; his evil eye, 49; kills Nuada and Macha, 112; is blinded by Lugh, 112; tales of, in modern folklore, 233-239. “Balor’s Hill”, 69, 90. Ban, king of Benwyk, 356, 360, 362. Banba, a goddess representing Ireland, 125; an ancient name of Ireland, 126, 153. _Banshee_, meaning of the word, 137. Baoisgne, Clann, 209, 217. Bards, 32, 42. Bardsey Island, 326. Barrow, river, how it got its name, 62. Barrule, South, 242. Barry, the, 246. Basque race, 19. Bath, 228, 275, 276, 338, 381. Bathurst’s _Roman Antiquities in Lydney Park_, 254. Battle of Achren, 305; of Badon, 338; of Camlan, 222, 315, 334, 337, 375, 376; of Clontarf, 53; of Gabhra, 222, 223, 225, 315; of Mag Rath, 52; of Moytura Northern, 107-117, 407; of Moytura Southern, 72-75; of the Trees, 123, 305-308. Bayeux, temple of Belinus at, 276. Bean, curious passage relating to the, 306, 307. Becuma of the Fair Skin, 202. Bedivere, Sir, 6. Bedwini, Arthur’s bishop, 337. Bedwyr, a follower of Arthur, 343, 344, 349. Belacatudor, a war-god worshipped in Britain, 275. Belgæ, 23, 76. Beli, a British god, 120, 252, 260, 268, 295, 313, 335-376. Belinus, a Celtic sun-god, 276, 358, 364; as a king of Britain, 276, 384, 385. Belisama, the Latin name of the Ribble, 413. Beltaine, the Gaelic May-day, 41, 65, 287, 406, 408, 409, 410. Berber race, 19. Beth, an Iberian god, 64. Bettws-y-coed, 7. Beuno, Saint, sacrifices of cattle to, 413. Big-Knife, Osla, 352, 353. Bilé, father of the Gaelic gods and men, 51, 65, 120, 121, 122, 252. Billingsgate, origin of name, 385. Birds, of Rhiannon, the, 273, 294, 296; Dechtiré and her maidens changed into, 160. Black Book of Caermarthen, the, 11, 255, 311, 312, 335. Bladud, mythical founder of Bath, 381. Blathnat, daughter of Mider, 55, 179. Bliant, Castle, 358. Blodeuwedd, wife of Lleu Llaw Gyffes, 265, 266, 268. Blood-fines among the Celts, 30; blood-fine paid for Cian, 94-97. Boann, wife of the Dagda, 55, 139, 141. Boar, wild, of Bengulben, 221; the Boar Trwyth, 347-353. Bodb the Red, son of the Dagda, 60, 133, 140, 141-145, 157, 205, 208; is made king of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 140; his swineherd, 164; marries his daughter Sadb to Finn, 208. Bogles, 393, 403, 405. Bonfires in Celtic ritual, 409-412. Bordeaux, Sir Huon of, 7. _Boreadæ_, 42. Borrach, 193, 195, 200. Bors, king of Gaul, 360. Bors, Sir, 368, 369. Boyne, river, 55, 56, 129, 136, 137, 158, 210, 213, 230. Brahmans, 32. Bran, son of Febal, an Irish king, 134, 135, 224. Bran, Finn’s favourite hound, 213. Brân, British god of the Underworld, 258, 271-272, 276, 289-294, 296, 306, 308, 313, 328, 329, 331, 338, 356, 357, 360, 364, 366, 384, 386, 387, 389, 394; fights the battle of Achren, 306; becomes the “Wonderful Head”, 296; in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s _History_, 384, 385; in the Morte Darthur, 356, 357; introduces Christianity into Britain, 386. Brandegore, King, 272, 356. Brandegoris, King, 356. Brandel, Brandiles, Sir, 356. Branwen, British goddess of love, 271, 289-294, 387. Brazil, 133. Brea, ford of, Finn killed at the, 222. Breasal’s Island, 133. Brécilien, Forest of, 361. Bregon, 121. Brennius, a mythical British king, 5, 276, 384, 385. Brennus, 385. Bress, son of Elathan, a Fomor, 50, 78-80, 82, 83, 90, 108-111, 115-116, 269; his beauty, 50; marries Brigit, and is made king over the Tuatha Dé Danann, 78; is forced to abdicate, 83; makes war on the Tuatha Dé Danann, 83; is defeated and captured, 115-116. Brian, son of Tuirenn, 90, 91, 92, 94, 99-102, 103, 105, 106. Briareus, 326. “Bridge of the Cliff”, the, 163. Bridget, Saint, 7, 56, 228. Brigantes, a North British tribe, 277. Brigantia, a British Minerva, 277. Brigindo, a Gaulish goddess, 277. Brigit, Gaelic goddess of fire, poetry, and the hearth, 56, 78, 109, 110, 228, 269, 277, 387; is married to Bress, 78; is canonized as Saint Bridget, 228, 387. Bri Leith, the _sídh_ of Mider, 136, 148, 152, 332. Brindled ox, the, 320. Britain, ancient names of, 292, 323. _British Goblins_, Mr. Wirt Sikes’, 389, 393, 415. Britons, ancient, who were the, 18-23. BRITONUM, HISTORIA. See Historia, Geoffrey, Nennius. Brittany, 24. Briun, son of Bethar, 113. Brownies, 248, 393, 403. Brude, king of the Picts, 401. Brugh-na-boyne, 136, 139, 160, 213, 214. Brutus, 121, 374. Brythons, 21, 22, 23, 24, 35. Buarainech, father of Balor, 48. Buinne, the Ruthless Red, son of Fergus, 193, 196, 197. Bull, the Brown, of Cualgne, 164, 165, 168, 175; the White-horned, of Connaught, 165, 175. Bwbachod, 393.

Cadbury, the supposed site of Camelot, 335. Cader Idris, 305. Caemhoc, Saint, 146. Caer, daughter of Etal Ambuel, 141. Caer Arianrod, 252, 264. Caer Badus, 381. Caer Bannawg, 367. Caer Colvin, 275. Caer Dathyl, 308, 310. Caer Golud, 320. Caer Llyr, 270. Caer London, 376. Caer Myrddin, 324. Caer Ochren, 320. Caer Pedryvan, 319, 356, 367. Caer Rigor, 319. Caer Sarrlog, 386. Caer Sidi, 319, 321, 322, 368. Caer Vandwy, 257, 320. Caer Vedwyd, 319. Caer Wydyr, 320. Caesar, Julius, 5, 8, 18, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 35, 38, 119, 204, 376, 399, 412, 417. Cairbré, son of Cormac, 206, 222, 315. Cairn of Octriallach, 110. Cairpré, son of Ogma, bard of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 58, 82, 83, 87, 139. Calais, 383. Calatin the wizard, 171, 172; daughters of Calatin, 178-181. Caledonians, 22. Camelot, 314, 335. Camlan, battle of, 222, 315, 334, 337, 375, 376. Camulodunum, the Roman name of Colchester, 276. Camulus, a Gaulish god of war and the sky, 51, 204, 275, 323. Caoilte, a Fenian hero, 63, 146, 208, 212, 217, 222, 227, 246. Caractacus, Caratacus, 271, 386, 387. Caradawc of the Strong Arms, son of Brân, 271, 291, 295, 338, 386, 389. Carbonek, 357, 367. Carmarthen, 324. Carnac, 114. Carnarvon, 310. Carrowmore, 114. Cassibellawn, Cassivelaunus, 376. “Cassiopeia’s Chair”, 252. Castell y Moch, 310. Castle of Arianrod, 252, 264. Castle Bliant, 358. Castle of Gwydion, 253. Castle Hacket, 244. Castle of Revelry, 366, 367. Castle of Riches, 367. “Castles”, Celtic, 29. Caswallawn, son of Beli, 295. _Cath Godeu._ See the “Battle of the Trees”. Cathbad, druid of Emain Macha, 161, 162, 174, 178, 181, 190, 198, 200. Cathubodva, a Gaulish war-goddess, 276. Cauldrons in Celtic mythology; the Dagda’s, 54, 71, 366; of Ogyrvran the Giant, 366; of Diwrnach the Gael, 346, 349; cauldron given by Brân to Matholwch, 290, 293, 366; cauldron stolen from Mider by Cuchulainn, 176, 366; cauldron kept in Annwn by the chief of Hades, 273, 319, 366; the legend of the Holy Grail founded upon Celtic myths of a cauldron of fertility and inspiration, 365-370. Celtæ, 22. Celtic mythical literature the forerunner of mediæval romance, 184. Celtic strain in modern Englishmen, 3. Celts, the, 19, 20, 21, 25-44, 70, 119, 121, 124, 136, 138, 261, 262, 278, 283, 329, 404, 407, 412. Cemmes, a parish in Pembrokeshire, 394. _Cenn Cruaich_, 41. _Cermait_, _i.e._ “Honey-mouth”, a title of Ogma, 57. Cethé, son of Diancecht, 62, 90. Cethlenn, wife of Balor, 90. “Chain, Lugh’s”, 62; “chief’s”, 93. Champion of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 59, 276; Champions of the Red Branch, see Red Branch; “The Champion’s Prophecy”, 201. Chariots, war, of the Celts, 25, 27, 28. Charon, 403. Chaucer, 2, 12. Chess, Mider’s game with Eochaid Airem, 149; Ossian’s game with Finn, 220. Children of Dôn, Nudd, and Llyr, 252. Christianity, introduced into Britain by Brân, 386, 387; conquers Druidism, 400, 401; adopts harmless heathen cults, 416, 417. Cian, son of Diancecht, 62, 63, 78, 84, 90-94, 106, 235-237, 239, 269, 345, 371. Ciaran, Saint, 10. Cichol the Footless, a Fomor, 66. Cilgwri, the Ousel of, 349. Clann Baoisgne, 209, 217, 222: Clan Chattan, 415. Clann Morna, 209, 211, 218, 232. Clann Neamhuinn, 216, 218. Clann Ronan, 218. _Clas Myrddin_, an old name for Britain, 323. Claudius, Roman emperor, 387. Cliodna, fairy queen of Munster, 244. Clontarf, battle of, 53. Clûd, goddess of the river Clyde, 284, 285. Cluricanes, 248. _Cnoc Miodhchaoin_, 97. Cnucha, battle of, 209. Coblynau, 393. Cocidius, a war-god worshipped by a Dacian colony in Cumberland, 275. Coed Helen, 310. Coel, a mythical king of Britain, 275, 323. _Coir Anmann_, the “Choice of Names”, an old Irish tract, 50, 54, 61, 245, 270. Colchester, 276. “Cole, Old King”, 276. Collen, Saint, 389, 390, 391. Columba, Saint, 12, 240, 401, 417. _Comes Britanniæ_, 313. _Comes Littoris Saxonici_, 314. Comyn, Michael, a Gaelic poet, 223. Conairé the Great, high king of Ireland, 152, 157. Conall the Victorious, 163, 177, 183, 192, 193, 197, 198. Conan, a Fenian hero, 209, 218. Conann, son of Febar, a king of the Fomors, 67. Conchobar, king of Ulster, 29, 147, 154-156, 158, 160-162, 166-168, 173, 174, 179, 185, 190-192, 193, 195-198, 200, 201, 204, 227; his treachery towards the sons of Usnach, 192-200; his tragical death, 155. Condates, a war-god worshipped in Britain, 275. Cong, village of, 73, 76. Conlaoch, son of Cuchulainn, 177, 178. Conn the Hundred Fighter, 201, 202. Conn, son of Lêr, 143. Conn, son of Miodhchaoin, 105. Connaught, 73, 75, 76, 165, 168. Connla, son of Conn the Hundred Fighter, 202. _Contemporary Review_, the, 241. Contrary Head, 242. Conway, river, 262. Cooking-places of the Fenians, 206. Cooking-spits of the women of Fianchuivé, 96; at Tara, 98. Cooley, see Cualgne. Coranians, a mythical tribe of dwarfs, 377-379. Corb, an Iberian god, 64. Corbridge, 275. Corc, son of Miodhchaoin, 105. Corca-Duibhne, 70. Corca-Oidce, 70. Cordeilla, daughter of Leir, in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s _History_, 381-383. Cordelia, daughter of Shakespeare’s _King Lear_, 259, 381. Coritiacus, a war-god worshipped in Britain, 275. Cormac, “the Magnificent”, 201, 202, 203, 206, 215, 222, 315. Cornwall, 3, 23, 294, 296, 327, 334, 353, 382, 384. Coronation Stone, the, 71. Corrib, see Lough Corrib. Corspitium, see Corbridge. Corwenna, mother of Brennius and Belinus, 385. Count of Britain, 313; of the Saxon Shore, 314. Court of Dôn, the, 252, 317. Cow, Balor’s Gray, 235, 236, 237, 240; Mider’s three cows, 57, 176. Cow, Book of the Dun, 10, 12, 14, 37, 156, 164, 175, 184, 202, 227. Credné, the bronze-worker of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 85, 86, 109. Crete, 153. Creudylad, daughter of the British sky-god Lludd, 256, 258, 259, 332, 348, 381, 407. Criminal Resolutions of Britain, the Three, 334. _Crom Croich_, 40. _Cromm Cruaich_, 38, 39, 41, 154, 402. Cronos, 63, 65, 326. “Croppies’ Grave”, the, at Tara, 72. Cruind, the river, 165. Cu, son of Diancecht, 62, 90. Cualgne, a province of Ulster, 164, 165, 175. Cuan, head of the Munster Fenians, 218. Cuchulainn, chief hero of the Ultonians, 10, 11, 14, 27, 154, 155, 156, 158-188, 192, 193, 202, 204, 210, 217, 223, 227, 274, 366; is the son of Lugh, 159-160; obvious solar character of, 158-159; how he obtained his name, 160-161; fights in the Táin Bó Chuailgne, 164-175; his wooing of Emer, 184-186; his raid upon the Other World, 175-176; his death, 183; is raised from the dead by Saint Patrick, 227. Culann, chief smith of the Ultonians, 161; “Culann’s Hound”, 161, 166. “Culture-King”, 153. Cumhal, father of Finn, 204, 209, 210, 275. Cunedda, a North British king, 373. Cunobelinus, king of Britain, 387. Curoi, king of Munster, 147, 154, 179. Custennin, 343, 344. Cuthbert, Saint, bulls sacrificed to, 413. Cwm Cawlwyd, the Owl of, 349. _Cwm Annwn_, the “Hounds of Hell”, 391, 392. Cwy, 320. Cymbeline, Shakespeare’s, 387. Cymri, 255, 373.

Dagda, the, Gaelic god of the Earth, 54, 78, 79, 87, 98, 107-109, 116, 117, 122, 132, 135, 136, 138-141, 156, 157, 211, 213, 228, 230, 240, 243, 269, 346, 366; his dress, arms, and harp, 54; his porridge-feast, 108; is cheated by his son Angus, 139; resigns the kingship of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 140; his last appearance, 157. Daire of Cualgne, owner of the Brown Bull, 165. Dalân, druid of Eochaid Airem, 392. Danes, the, 230. Danu, the mother of the Gaelic gods, the same as Anu, _q.v._, 44, 50, 51, 70, 245, 252, 407. Dart, river, 414. Dartmoor, 392. Darvha, Lake, 143-145. Deaf Valley, the, 180. Dechtiré, mother of Cuchulainn, 156, 159, 160, 181. Dé Danann, see Tuatha Dé Danann. Dee, river, 413. Deimne, the first name of Finn, 210. Deirdre, 190-200; Deirdre’s Farewell to Alba, 194-195; Deirdre’s Lament over the Sons of Usnach, 199-200. Demetia, Roman province of, 273, 278. Demetrius, an early traveller in Britain, 326. “Demon of the air”, Aeife changed into a, 145. Derivla, a sacred well in the island of Inniskea, 415. Desmond, fourth Earl of, nicknamed “the Magician”, 245. “Destiny, laying a”, a Celtic custom, 262-265, 340. Devon, 312, 392. Devwy, the dales of, 320. _Dialogue of the Elders_, the, 205, 222, 404; Dialogues of Patrick and Ossian, 226-227. Diancecht, the Gaelic god of medicine, 61, 62, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 90, 110, 141, 232, 269; makes a silver hand for Nuada, 78; kills his son Miach, 81-82; presides over the “Spring of Health”, 110; prescriptions of Diancecht, 232. Diarmait O’Duibhne, the Fenian Adonis, 209, 212, 215-221, 315. Dinadan, Sir, 328. Dinas Dinllev, 264. Dinas Emrys, 324, 381. Dingwall, Registers of the Presbytery of, 412. _Dinnsenchus_, 38, 40, 132, 154. Dio Cassius, 387. Diodorus Siculus, 41, 42, 325. Dionysus, rites of, 410. Dis Pater, 51, 120, 252, 383. Dissull the Giant, 348-349. Diwrnach the Gael, the cauldron of, 346, 349. Dobhar, king of Sicily, 96, 98, 102, 103. Doctrine of the transmigration of souls, 36, 37. Domnann, Fir, _i.e._ men of Domnu. See Fir Domnann. Domnu, a goddess, mother of the Fomors, 48, 70, 112; meaning of the name, 48; gods of Domnu, 48, 70; men of Domnu, 70. Dôn, the British equivalent of the Gaelic Danu, 44, 252, 260, 268, 269, 273, 295, 308, 310, 316; euhemerized into a king of Dublin, 372-373. Donn, son of Milé, 126-131, 246. “Donn’s House”, 246. Dormarth, the hound of Gwyn son of Nudd, 257. Dowth, 137-138. Dragon, Red, of Britain, 378; White, of the Saxons, 378. “Dragon-mouth”, a lake called, 141. _Dream of Rhonabwy_, the, 260, 312, 337, 338. Drogheda, 137. Drowes, river, 110. Drudwyn, the whelp of Greid the son of Eri, 347. Druidism, the religion of the Celts, 35, 43; possibly non-Aryan in origin, 36; in Gaul, 34; derived from Britain, 35; suppressed by the Romans, 399, 400. Druids, 18, 33-37, 84, 111, 115, 151, 179, 180, 182, 188, 202, 399-401, 411, 412, 417; origin of the name, 33; in Gaul, 34; in Britain, 35; human sacrifices of the druids, 37, 412; the druids of Brude, king of the Picts, 401. Drumcain, an old name for Tara, 126. Dublin, 66, 372. Duke of the Britains, the, 313. Dulachan, 247, 248. _Dul-dauna_, the, 237. Dun Cow, Book of the. See Cow. Dundalk, 177. Dundealgan, 177, 181, 188, 189. Dún Scaith, 175-176. _Dux Britanniarum._ See Duke of the Britains. Dwynwen, Saint, 388. Dyfan, Saint, 386. Dyfed, or Demetia, a province of South Wales, 273, 278, 279, 281, 282, 286, 298-301, 303, 304, 309, 310, 394. Dylan, a British god, 261, 262, 322, 335, 360, 364, 371.

Eagle, of Gwern Abwy, 350; Lleu changed into an, 266-268. Earl Gerald, 245. Easal, king of the Golden Pillars, 96, 103. Eber, son of Milé, 129-131, 146, 153. Eber Scot, 120. Eboracum, Roman name of York, 275. Edeyrn, son of Nudd, 260. Edinburgh, the Advocates’ Library at, 11. Eel, the Morrígú takes the shape of an, 169; transformation of the rival swineherds into eels, 165. Egypt, 120. Eigen, the first female saint in Britain, 386. Eildon Hills, Arthur living beneath the, 335. Elaine, 362. Elathan, a king of the Fomors, 49, 50, 78, 83, 90, 116, 269. Elayne, 358. Elberich, 392. _Elders, Dialogue of the._ See _Dialogue_. Elen Lwyddawg, wife of Myrddin, 323, 362. Eleutherius, Pope, 386. Ellylion, the Welsh elves, 393. Elton’s _Origins of English History_, 6, 8, 25, 26, 70, 228, 327, 413. Elves, 393. Elysium, Celtic. See Other World, Celtic. Emain Macha, the capital of ancient Ulster, 28, 29, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 173, 174, 179, 180, 183, 188, 192, 194, 196, 200, 201, 204. Emer, wife of Cuchulainn, 162, 164, 177, 184-188. _Emer, the Wooing of_, an old Irish saga, 28, 29, 37, 184. Emperor, a title given in Welsh legend to Arthur, 314, 338. Emrys, a title of Myrddin, 324, 329, 360, 369. Englishmen, Celtic strain in, 3. “Entertaining of the Noble Head”, the, 296. Eochaid, son of Erc, king of the Fir Bolgs, 69, 73, 74, 75. Eochaid Airem, see Airem. Eochaid O’Flynn, an Irish poet, 231. Erc, king of Tara, 179, 182, 183. Eremon, son of Milé, and first king of Ireland, 40, 129, 130, 131, 132, 146, 153, 154. Erin, 97, 98, 99, 102, 104, 126, 193, 225, 231; meaning of the word, 126. Eriu, a goddess representing Ireland, 125, 126, 128, 129. Eros, the Gaelic, 56, 140. See Angus. Essyllt, wife of March, or Mark. See Iseult. Etain, wife of Mider, 57, 139, 147-152, 154, 224, 331-333. Etair, a vassal of King Conchobar, 147. Etal Ambuel, father of Caer, 141. Etan, wife of Ogma, 62, 87, 239. Ethnea, a name of Ethniu in modern folklore, 238. Ethniu, daughter of Balor, 62, 79, 84, 90, 269, 371. _Ethnology in Folklore_, Mr. G. L. Gomme’s, 35, 69, 412, 413, 414, 416. Etirun, “an idol of the Britons”, 294. Etive, Loch, 193. Etruscans, the, 20; Etruscan mythology in modern Italian folklore, 403. Ettard, 358. _Ettarre, Pelleas and_, Tennyson’s idyll of, 358. Euhemerism of Gaelic gods, 227-230; of British gods, 372-389. Euskarian race, 19. Evelake, King, 359. Evnissyen, son of Penardun, 290, 292, 293.

Failinis, the hound of the king of Ioruaidhé, 96, 97, 104. _Fairie Queene_, Spenser’s, 7, 389. Fairies, the, 4, 137, 242-248, 389-393, 403, 404, 409, 418; the old gods are remembered as “fairies”, 243-248, 389-393; two varieties of fairy in folklore, 403; Irish and Welsh fairies identical in nature, 404; king of the Irish fairies, 136; king of the Welsh fairies, 392; size of the fairies, 404; fairy money, 377; fairy food, 391; the “fairy hills”, 135-139, 394. Fal, the stone of. See Stone of Destiny. “Falcon of May”, 369; “Falcon of Summer”, 369. Falga, Isle of, 57, 175. Falias, a city of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 71, 72. Fand, wife of Manannán son of Lêr, 186-188, 202. Faraday, Miss, her translation of the _Táin Bó Chuailgné_, 164. Fata Morgana, 395. Fate of the Children of Lêr, 142-146; of the Sons of Tuirenn, 90-105; of the Sons of Usnach, 190-200. Fea, a war-goddess, wife of Nuada, 52. “Feast of Age”, Manannán’s, 61, 98, 143. Feast of Lugh, see Lugnassad. Feast of St. John, 409. Fec’s Pool, on the Boyne, 210. Fedlimid, vassal to King Conchobar, 190. Fenians, the, 11, 17, 155, 201, 203-209, 211-215, 217-219, 220-223, 225, 226, 314, 315; real or mythical, 203-205; origin of, 206; duties of, 206; accomplishments of, 207; chief heroes of, 207-209; destruction of, at the battle of Gabhra, 222; stories of, 209-226; the Fenian sagas possibly non-Aryan, 70. Fenius Farsa, 120. Ferdiad, a warrior slain by Cuchulainn, 172, 173, 184. Fergus, son of Finn, 208. Fergus, son of Roy, an Ulster hero, 14, 166, 167, 170, 171, 175, 192-196, 198, 200. Fergusson, Dr. James, 76, 114, 137, 138. Festivals, Celtic solar or agricultural, 405-412. Ffordd Elen, 324. Fiacha, son of Conchobar, 197, 198. Fiachadh, king of Ireland, 206. Fiachra, son of Lêr, 143. Fianchuivé, submarine island of, 97, 104. _Fianna Eirinn_, see Fenians. Figol, son of Mamos, druid of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 90. Findabair, daughter of Medb, 168. Findias, a city of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 71, 72. Finn mac Coul (Cumhail), 4, 11, 16, 37, 146, 155, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210-218, 220-222, 224, 226, 246, 254, 274, 314, 315; his upbringing and boy-feats, 209-210; reorganizes the Fenians, 211; is killed at the Ford of Brea, 222; is reborn as Mongan, an Ulster chief, 37; is he historical or mythical, 204; parallels between Finn and Arthur, 314-315. Finn mac Gorman, compiler of the Book of Leinster, 10. Finn the Seer, 210. Finola, daughter of Lêr, 143. Finvarra, king of the Irish fairies, 243, 244, 405. Fiona Macleod, Miss, 241. Fionn, see Finn. Fionnbharr, the _sídh_ of Meadha assigned to, 136; his appearance in the Fenian sagas, 212; becomes fairy king of Ireland, 243. Fir Bolgs, an Iberian tribe, 68-70, 72-78, 114, 125, 229, 230, 407. Fir Domnann, an Iberian tribe, 68-70, 76, 172. Fir Gaillion, an Iberian tribe, 68-70, 76. Fish, sacred, 416. Fly, Etain changed into a, 147; Lugh takes the form of a, 159; a sacred, 416. _Folklore, Ethnology in._ See _Ethnology_. Folk-tales, Irish, 233-240; Welsh, 371. Fomors, Gaelic deities of Death, Darkness, and the Sea, 11, 48-50, 67, 70, 76, 83, 86, 88, 89, 90, 98, 107-117, 120, 122, 157, 205, 225, 229, 230, 252, 269, 274, 327, 406; meaning of the name, 48; their war with the Tuatha Dé Danann, 107-117; are the Lochlannach in the Fenian sagas, 205. Forgall the Wily, father of Emer, 162, 163, 164, 184. Fotla, a goddess representing Ireland, 125; an ancient name of Ireland, 126. “Four Ancient Books of Wales”, the, 11, 15. See also Skene. “Four Branches of the Mabinogi”, the, 14, 15, 251, 278, 289, 312, 355. “Four-cornered castle”, the, 366. Frazer’s _Golden Bough_, 33. “Frivolous Battles of Britain, The Three”, 334. Frogs, sacred, 416. Fury, Great, and Little Fury, two swords of Manannán, 60, 217.

Gabhra, battle of, 222, 223, 225, 315. Gabius, a Roman consul, 385. Gabriel Hounds, the, 392. _Gae bolg_, Cuchulainn’s spear, 170, 173, 178. Gaels, 68, 69, 70, 71, 76, 93, 108, 119, 124, 149, 183, 203, 204, 230, 357. Gaiar, son of Manannán, 202. Gaillion, Fir. See Fir Gaillion. Galahad, Sir, 362, 368, 369. _Galan-mai_, Welsh spring festival, 408. _Gan Ceanach_, 247. Garden of the Hesperides, the, 95, 98, 99. Gargantua, Rabelais’, 386. Gast Rhymri’s cubs, 347, 349. Gaul, 22, 274, 276, 383, 384, 385. Gauls, the, 22, 23, 119, 230. Gavida, 238, 239. Gavidjeen Go, 235. Gawain, Sir, 360, 363, 364, 369, 375. _Geasa_, taboos among the Irish Celts, 177, 195, 216. _Genii locorum_, 43. Geoffrey of Monmouth, 9, 121, 251, 254, 259, 276, 323, 324, 330, 336, 372, 373-376, 381, 384. George’s Hill, Saint, 29. Geraint, 312, 387. Gildas, a British writer, 400. “Glamour, the Realm of”, an old name for Dyfed, 279. Glamour put on Cuchulainn by Cathbad, 178; by the daughters of Calatin, 179, 180; put on the sons of Usnach, 198; on Arianrod, 264, 265; on Dyfed, 298. Glass Castle, of the Fomors, 67; a synonym for the other world, 320, 367. Glastonbury, 260, 329. Glastonbury Tor, 272, 390. Glenn Faisi, 130. Glora, Isle of, 144, 145, 146. Glyn Cûch, 279, 281. Gobhan Saer, the, 232, 235, 240. Goibniu, Gaelic god of smithcraft, 61, 84, 86, 98, 109, 110, 141, 231, 232, 238, 239, 261, 371; forges the weapons of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 61, 109; kills Ruadan, 110; his ale, 61; survives in tradition as the Gobhan Saer, _q.v._; as a character in folk-tale, 232-240. See Gavida and Gavidjeen Go. Goidel, a mythical ancestor of the Irish, 120. Goidels, the, 21, 22, 23, 24, 35. Golden bough, the mistletoe the, 33. Golden Pillars, king of the. See Easal. Goll, 209, 211, 222. Gomme, Mr. G. L., 20, 35, 69, 412, 413, 414, 416. Gonorilla, daughter of Leir, 381, 382. Gore, 357. See Gower. Goreu, Arthur’s cousin, 317, 338. Gorias, a city of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 71, 72, 97. Govannan son of Dôn, British god of Smithcraft, 261, 313, 316, 345; kills his nephew Dylan, 261; assists Kulhwch, 345. Gower regarded as part of the other world, 272, 356, 357, 373. Grail, the Holy, 2, 7, 273, 357-359, 365-370. Grainne, 209, 215-221, 315. _Graves of the Warriors, the Verses of the_, 272, 311, 334. Gray of Macha, Cuchulainn’s horse, 174, 181, 182, 183. Greece, 1, 20, 68, 99, 100, 101, 155. Greek mythology, ancient, 1, 2, 4; modern, 403. “Green Meadows of Enchantment”, the, 394. Gregory, Lady, 159, 201. Greid, the son of Eri, 347, 350. Gresholm Island, 294, 356, 394. _Grianainech_, the “sunny-faced”, an epithet of Ogma, 59. Grianan Aileach, grave of Nuada at. See Aileach. Gronw Pebyr, 265, 266, 268. Guanius, Gwyn as a mythical king of the Huns, 375. Guest, Lady Charlotte, 253, 255, 268, 278, 289, 295, 298, 308, 317, 337, 339, 340, 348, 350, 369, 377. Guinevere, Arthur’s queen, 315, 334, 357, 359, 365, 375, 407. Gunvasius, king of the Orkneys, 376. Gurgiunt Brabtruc, king of Britain, 385. Guyon, Sir, in Spenser’s _Fairie Queene_, 7, 389. Gwalchaved, 369. Gwalchmei, 323, 330, 334, 335, 338, 343, 360, 364, 368, 369, 375. Gwales, island of, 294, 296, 356. Gwarthegyd, son of Kaw, 337. Gwawl, son of Clûd, Pwyll’s rival for Rhiannon, 284, 285, 303, 362, 380. Gweddw, owner of a magic horse, 347. Gweir, a form of the name Gwydion, _q.v._, 319, 321, 322. Gwenbaus, Sir, 359. Gwern, son of Matholwch and Branwen, 291, 292, 293. Gwinas, Sir, 359. Gwlgawd Gododin, the drinking-horn of, 346. Gwragedd Annwn, 393. Gwrhyr, a companion of Arthur, 343, 349, 350, 351. Gwri of the Golden Hair, 287. Gwrnach the Giant, 346, 348. Gwyar, wife of Lludd, 323, 338, 369. Gwyddneu Garanhir, his dialogue with Gwyn, 255-258; his magic basket, 346. Gwyddolwyn Gorr, the magic bottles of, 346. Gwydion son of Dôn, the British Mercury, 260-268, 305, 306, 308-311, 316, 317, 322, 327, 330, 335, 358, 360, 364, 371, 372, 373, 377; druid of the gods, 260; father of the sun-god, 261; fights the “Battle of the Trees”, 306; is the British equivalent of the Teutonic Woden, 260; his place taken in later myth by Arthur, 316. _Gwyl Awst_, the Welsh August festival, 409. Gwyllion, 393. Gwyn son of Nudd, British god of the Other World, 7, 254-259, 272, 313, 315, 329, 332, 348, 359, 365, 371, 372, 376, 389-393, 405, 407; attributes of, 255; his dialogue with Gwyddneu Garanhir, 255-258; contends with Gwyn for Lludd’s daughter Creudylad, 259; is made warder of Hades, 254-255; prominent in the Arthur legend, 359; becomes king of the Welsh fairies, 392; his interview with Saint Collen, 389-391. Gwynas, Sir, 359. Gwyngelli, a companion of Arthur, 352. Gwynhwyvar, 315, 326, 331-333, 334, 364. See Guinevere. Gwynn Mygddwn, the horse of Gweddw, 347. Gwynwas, a form of the name Gwyn, _q.v._, 332, 359. Gwyrd Gwent, father of one of the three Gwynhwyvars, 331. Gwyrthur, son of Greidawl, contends with Gwyn for Creudylad, 258, 259, 348, 407; father of one of the three Gwynhwyvars, 331.

Hacket, Castle, 244. Hades, the Celtic. See Other World, Celtic. Hades, the Greek god, 152, 260. “Hades, Head of”, a name given to Pwyll, 278, 282. Hallowe’en, 40, 153, 407, 410. Hamitic languages, 19. “Happy Plain”, the, 133, 135, 186. See Mag Mell. Hare held sacred by the Ancient Britons, 417. Harlech, 289, 294, 295, 296. Harp of the Dagda, 54, 346; of Angus, 56; of Teirtu, 346. Havgan, a king of Annwn, 279, 281. Hawthorn, chief of Giants, father of Olwen, 340, 341, 343-345, 349, 353. Heifer, a black-maned, called “Ocean”, 80, 117, 240; the Morrígú takes the shape of a, 169-170. Hengist, 325. Henuinus, Duke of Cornwall, 382, 383. Hephæstus, the Gaelic, 61, 63, 233. Heracles, 158, 276. Heré, 263. Hereford, 299. Hergest, the Red Book of, 11, 258, 260, 312, 328, 336, 369. Herimon, 40. See Eremon. “Hero-light”, Cuchulainn’s, 177, 183. “Hero’s salmon-leap”, Cuchulainn’s, 163. Hesiod, 65. Hesperides, garden of the. See Garden. Hesus, a Gaulish god, 52. Hevydd the Ancient, father of Rhiannon, 283, 285. Hi Dorchaide, 70. _Hibbert Lectures_ (for 1886) on _Celtic Heathendom_, Professor Rhys’s, 41, 43, 48, 51, 54, 57, 59, 90, 120, 205, 238, 253, 254, 258, 262, 264, 268, 271, 277, 282, 284, 307, 313, 318, 324, 325, 331, 377, 408. Hill of Uisnech, 69, 324. _Historia Britonum_ of Nennius, 9, 336; of Geoffrey of Monmouth, 9, 251, 323, 324, 336, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 381, 384, 386. Hittites, the, 20. Holy Families of Britain, the Three Chief, 386. Holy Grail, the. See Grail. Holy wells, 414-415. Homeric and Celtic civilization compared, 25, 29. Hoodie-crow, 52, 53, 169, 271. Horse of Manannán mac Lir, 60, 88, 98; of Gweddw, 347; of Gwyn son of Nudd, 255, 256, 348. “Hound of Culann”, the, 161, 166; hound of Lugh, 63; of the king of Ioruaidhé, 104; hounds of Finn mac Coul, 213; hounds of Celtic myth, 225, 280, 391, 392. Hull, Miss Eleanor, her _Cuchullin Saga_, 155, 156, 159, 184, 190, 199, 227. Human sacrifices of the Druids, 37, 38; to Cromm Cruaich, 38, 39, 40, 400; symbolical, 405, 410, 411. Huon of Bordeaux, Sir, 7. Huxley, Professor, 19. Hy-Breasail, 133.

Iberians, the, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 35, 68, 69, 70, 76, 230, 248, 278; their physique, 19; language, 19; original home, 19; state of culture, 20; gods, 43, 44, 64. Iddawc, the Agitator of Britain, 337, 338. Ilbhreach, son of Manannán, 136, 140, 211, 222. Iliad, the, 75, 156. Illann the Fair, son of Fergus mac Roy, 193, 196-198. “Illusion, the Land of”, an old name for Dyfed, 279. Indech, son of Domnu, a king of the Fomors, 48, 70, 83, 90, 108, 112. Inniskea, the Lonely Crane of, 146; stone worship in, 415. _Invasions, the Book of_, 121. _Ioldanach_, the “Master of All Arts”, a title of Lugh, 63, 85, 237, 239. Iolo Morganwg, bardic name of Mr. Edward Williams, 372. _Iolo MSS._, the, 269, 270, 372, 373, 387, 388, 389. Iona, Adamnan, Abbot of, 401. Ioruaidhe, 96, 97, 104. Ireland, old names of, 125, 126, 150. See also Iweridd. Iseult, wife of King Mark, 327, 338. Island, submarine, 97, 104. “Island of the Mighty”, a bardic name for Britain, 292. Islands, sacred, 326. Ith, 121, 122; Ith’s Plain, 66, 122. Iuchar, son of Tuirenn, 90-106. Iucharba, son of Tuirenn, 90-106. Iweridd, _i.e._ “Ireland”, wife of the British sea-god Llyr, 258, 270, 271.

Janus, 383. Javelin, Red, one of Manannán’s spears, 60, 217. John, Feast of Saint, 245, 407, 411. Jones, the Rev. Edward, on apparitions, 391. Joseph of Arimathea, 358, 359, 366. Jubainville, M. H. d’Arbois de, 25, 34, 37, 48, 54, 67, 68, 72, 77, 78, 107, 120, 124, 128, 132, 158, 188, 202. Judgment of Amergin, the, 127. Julius Caesar, see Caesar.

Kacmwri, the servant of Arthur, 352, 353. Kaerlud, 376. Kai, 326, 327, 338, 343, 348, 349, 350, 351. Karitia, see Calais. Kay, Sir, 6, 326. “Keening” invented, 110. Kelli Wic, 334. _Keltic Researches_, Mr. Nicholson’s, 3. Kenmare, river, 121. Kicva, wife of Pryderi, 289-301. Kildare, shrine of St. Bridget at, 228. Killaraus, Mount, 324. Killarney, Lake, 223, 247. “Kingly Castle”, see Caer Rigor. Kirwans of Castle Hacket, the, 244. Knights, King Arthur’s, 6, 7, 8, 155, 251, 274, 358, 371. Knockainy, 245. Knockers, 393, 403. Knockma, fairy hill of, 136, 243, 244. Knockthierna, 247. Knowth, 137, 138. Kulhwch, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 347, 353. _Kulhwch and Olwen_, the tale of, 258, 259, 260, 313, 321, 327, 339, 340-353, 369, 407. Kyndellig, 343. Kynedyr Wyllt, 348, 352.

Labhra, Mider’s leech, 213. Labraid of the Quick Hand on Sword, 202. Lady of the Lake, 361. Laeg, Cuchulainn’s charioteer, 169, 181, 182, 186. Laegaire the Battle-winner, 163. Lakes, twelve chief, of Ireland, 88. Lamias, 403. Lammas, 407. Land of Illusion, 279; of Happiness, 119, 133; of the Living, 133, 335; of Promise, 133, 217, 337; of Summer, 119, 329; of the Young, 133, 225. Laon, 277. Larminie, Mr. William, 233. Launcelot, Sir, 7, 328, 333, 358, 359, 362, 365. _Lear, King_, Shakespeare’s, 5, 7, 259, 270, 381. Lecan, the Book of, 10, 38, 123, 229; the Yellow Book of, 10, 164. Leicester, 270, 383. Leinster, 179, 189. Leinster, Mount, 140, 211, 212. Leinster, the Book of, 10, 38, 55, 56, 121, 132, 139, 155, 156, 157, 190, 199, 204, 229. Leir, Geoffrey of Monmouth’s King, 381-383. Leodogrance, father of Guinevere, 357. Leprechaun, 247, 248, 393, 403. Lêr, the Gaelic sea-god, 60, 140, 142-144, 146, 205, 211, 212, 222, 252, 269; his rebellion against Bodb the Red, 140; their reconciliation, 142; the fate of the children of, 142-146; is killed by the Fenian hero Caoilté, 146, 222. Levarcham, 196. Leyden, 277. _Lia Fáil_, see Stone of Destiny. Liban, 186, 202. Lismore, the Book of, 10. _Lla Lluanys_, the Manx August festival, 409. Llacheu, son of Arthur, 258, 326. Llandwynwyn, the church of Dwynwyn (Branwen), in Anglesey, 388. Lleminawg, 319. Lleu (Llew) Llaw Gyffes, the British sun-god, 261-268, 276, 305, 306, 322, 323, 325, 330, 335, 360, 364, 369, 370; his birth, 261; and naming, 263; takes part in the Battle of the Trees, 306; is changed into an eagle, 266; his place taken in later myth by Gwalchmei, 323; and in the Arthurian legend by Sir Gawain, 360. Llevelys, king of France, 378. Lloegyr (Loegria), Saxon Britain, 258, 299, 300, 384. Lludd Llaw Ereint, the British Zeus, 252, 253, 254, 259, 312, 315, 323, 329, 332, 350, 359, 364, 375-381, 407; his wife Gwyar, 323; puts an end to the “Three Plagues of Britain”, 377-380; founds London, 376; appears in the Morte Darthur as King Lot of Orkney, 359. Llwyd, son of Kilcoed, avenges Gwawl, son of Clûd, 303, 304. Llwyr, son of Llwyrion, the magic vessel of, 346. Llyn Llyw, the salmon of, 350. Llyr, the British sea-god, 252, 259, 269, 270, 271, 273, 289, 290, 304, 313, 316, 338, 381, 383, 386; possibly borrowed from the Gaels, 270; becomes the “King Leir” of Geoffrey of Monmouth, 381; and the “King Lear” of Shakespeare, 270, 381; founds a family of saints, 386; his tomb or temple at Leicester, 383. Llyr-cestre, 270, 283. _Llys Dôn_, 252, 317. Llywarch Hên, a sixth-century British poet, 11. Loch, a warrior slain by Cuchulainn, 169-170. Lochlann (Lochlin), 97, 205, 372; Lochlannach, the, 205, 211. London, 294, 296, 376, 377. Londres, 376. Lot or Loth, king of Orkney, 359, 364, 375. Loucetius, a war-god worshipped in Britain, 275. _Lough Corrib, its Shores and Islands_, Sir William Wilde’s, 76. Lough Gur, 246. Lucan, the Roman poet, 52. Luchtainé, the carpenter of the Tuatha Dé Danann, 61, 84, 86, 109. Lud, king of Britain, 5, 7, 376-381. Ludesgata, Ludgate, 5, 254, 376. Lugaid, son of Curoi, 179, 182, 183. Lugh Lamhfada, the Gaelic sun-god, 62-63, 84-90, 93-97, 103, 105, 106, 111-113, 115-117, 136, 139, 156, 157, 160, 170, 201, 230, 233, 238-240, 262, 276, 325, 339, 344, 345, 370, 371; his spear, 63, 71, 97; his hound, 63, 97; his rod-sling and chain, 62; his first appearance at Tara, 84; gains the title of _Ioldanach_, 85; avenges his father’s murder upon the sons of Tuirenn, 94-106; leads the Tuatha Dé Danann against the Fomors, 111; prophecies to Conn the Hundred Fighter, 201. _Lugnassad_, “Lugh’s Commemoration”, 277, 409. _Lugudunum_, “town of Lugus”, 277, 409. Lugus, the Gaulish sun-god, 42, 276, 409. Lundy Island, 272, 322. Lydney, temple of Nodens at, 254; monograph upon it, 254. Lyons, 277, 409.