Chapter VII: Myths and Legends of the Northern and North-Western Indians (3)

PERROT, NICOLAS: _Mémoire sur les Moeurs, Coutumes, et Religion des Sauvages de l'Amérique Septentrionale, publié pour la première fois par le R. P. J. Tailhan_. Leipzig and Paris, 1864.

PETITOT, EMILE: _Traditions indiennes du Canada Nord-Ouest_. Alençon, 1887.

PIDGEON, WILLIAM: _Traditions of De-coo-dah; and Antiquarian Researches, comprising extensive Explorations, Surveys, and Excavations of the Wonderful and Mysterious Remains of the Mound-builders in America_. New York, 1858.

POWERS, STEPHEN: _Tribes of California_. (_Contributions to North American Ethnology_, vol. iii.; Washington, 1877.)

RAFN, K. C.: _Antiquitates Americanæ_. Copenhagen, 1837.

SCHOOLCRAFT, HENRY R.: _Algic Researches_. 2 vols. New York, 1839.

---- _Historical and Statistical Information respecting the Indian Tribes of the United States_. Philadelphia, 1851-57.

SHORT, JOHN T.: _North Americans of Antiquity_. 2nd ed. New York, 1880.

SIMMS, S. C.: _Traditions of the Crows_. (_Publications_ of the Field College Museum, Anthropological Series, vol. ii., No. 6; Chicago, 1903.)

SMITH, ERMINNIE A.: _Myths of the Iroquois_. (_Second Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology; Washington, 1883.)

SMITH, JOHN: Works, 1608. Edited by Edward Arber. English Scholar's Library, No. 16. Birmingham, 1884.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION: _Annual Reports_, 1846-1908; Washington, 1847-1909. _Contributions to Knowledge_, vols. i.-xxiv.; Washington, 1848-1907. _Miscellaneous Collections_, vols. i.-iv.; Washington, 1862-1910.

SNELLING, WILLIAM J.: _Tales of the North-West: Sketches of Indian Life and Character_. Boston, 1830.

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STEVENSON, MATILDA C.: _The Zuñi Indians; their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies_. (_Twenty-third Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology; Washington, 1904.)

SWANTOM, JOHN R.: _Haida Texts and Myths_. (_Bulletin 29_, Bureau of American Ethnology; Washington, 1905.)

---- _Tlingit Myths and Texts_. (_Bulletin 39_, Bureau of American Ethnology; Washington, 1909.)

THOMAS, CYRUS: _Introduction to the Study of North American Archæology_. Cincinnati, 1903.

U.S. GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, F. V. Hayden in charge. _Bulletins_, vols. i.-vi.; Washington, 1874-82. _Annual Reports_, vols. i.-ix.; Washington, 1867-78.

VIRCHOW, RUDOLF: _Crania ethnica americana_. Berlin, 1892.

VOTH, H. R.: _Oraibi Summer Snake Ceremony_. (_Publications_ of the Field College Museum Anthropological Series, vol. iii., No. 4; Chicago, 1903.)

WAITZ, THEODOR: _Anthropologie der Naturvolker_. 4 Bd. Leipzig. 1859-64.

WARREN, WILLIAM W.: _History of the Ojibways, based upon Traditions and Oral Statements_. (_Collections_ of the Minnesota Historical Society, vol. v.; St. Paul, 1885.)

WHEELER, OLIN D.: _The Trail of Lewis and Clark, 1804-1904_. 2 vols. New York, 1904.

WILL, G. F., AND SPINDEN, H. J.: _The Mandans: Study of their Culture, Archæology, and Language_. (_Papers_ of the Peabody Museum of American Archæology and Ethnology, vol. iii., No. 4; Cambridge, Mass., 1906.)

WINSOR, JUSTIN: _Narrative and Critical History of America_. 8 vols. Boston and New York, 1884-89.

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NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION

Workers in Indian mythology and linguistics have in some instances created a phonology of their own for the several languages in which they wrought. But, generally speaking, the majority of Indian names, both of places and individuals, should be pronounced as spelt, the spelling being that of persons used to transcribing native diction and as a rule representing the veritable Indian pronunciation of the word.

Among the North American Indians we find languages both harsh and soft. Harshness produced by a clustering of consonants is peculiar to the north-west coast of America, while the Mississippi basin and California possess languages rich in sonorous sounds. A slurring of terminal syllables is peculiar to many American tongues.

The vocabularies of American languages are by no means scanty, as is often mistakenly supposed, and their grammatical structure is intricate and systematic. The commonest traits in American languages are the vagueness of demarcation between the noun and verb, the use of the intransitive form of the verb for the adjective, and the compound character of independent pronouns. A large number of ideas are expressed by means of either affixes or stem-modification. On account of the frequent occurrence of such elements American languages have been classed as 'polysynthetic.'

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GLOSSARY AND INDEX

A

ABNAKI, A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25

ABORIGINES, AMERICAN. Theories as to the origin of, 5-13, 17-22

ACAGCHEMEM. A Californian people; myths of, 350-355

ADAM OF BREMEN. And Norse voyages to America, 16

AÉ. The first woman, in an Acagchemem creation-myth, 353

AHSONNUTLI. Principal deity of the Navaho, called the Turquoise Man-woman, 121-122

AKAIYAN. A brave; in Algonquian legend of the origin of the Beaver Medicine, 184-187

ALEUTIAN INDIANS. Custom of, resembles that of Asiatic tribe, 11

ALGON. A hunter; in the story of the Star-maiden, 152-156

ALGONQUIAN STOCK. An ethnic division of the American Indians, 24-27

ALGONQUINS. The name applied to members of the Algonquian stock, 24 _n._; tribes and distribution of, 24-25; early history, 25; an advanced people, 26; costume of, 58; marriage-customs of, 73; creation-myth of, 107-108; belief of, respecting birds, 110; belief of, respecting lightning, 112; and the owl, 111; and the serpent of the Great Lakes, 113; Michabo the chief deity of, 119-120; and the soul's journey after death, 129; the festivals of, 133; dialect of the priests of, 136; myths and legends of, 141-216; conflict with the Caniengas, 225, subdued by the Iroquois, 227; and the King of Rattlesnakes, 248

ALLOUEZ, FATHER. Incident connected with, related by Brinton, 100-101

AMERICA. Origin of man in, 5-22; resemblance between tribes of, and those of Asia, 6, 10-12; discoveries of prehistoric remains in, 7-10; early communication between Asia and, 6,12

ANAYICOYONDI. A goddess of the Pericues, wife of Niparaya, 355

ANIMISM, 80

ANNIMIKENS. A brave; hunting adventure of, 55

APACHES. A tribe of the Athapascan stock, 22; of Arizona, houses of, 47; costume of, 59; fetishes of, 89-90; and the points of the compass, 131

APALACHEES. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock, 27

APISIRAHTS (The Morning Star). Son of the Sun-god, in Blackfoot myth; in the stories of Scar-face, or Poïa, 198-205

ARAPAHO. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; dwellings of, 48

ARGALL, CAPTAIN SAMUEL. Mentioned in the story of Pocahontas, 32, 36

ARIKARA. A tribe of the Caddoan stock, 28

ART, INDIAN, 62-63

ASGAYA GIGAGEI (Red Man). A thunder-god of the Cherokees, 126

ASHOCHIMI. A Californian tribe; Coyote, a deity of, 124

ASIA. Ethnological relationship between America and, 6, 10-13

ASSINIBOINS. A tribe of the Siouan stock, 28; their method of cooking flesh, 11

ATHAPASCANS. An ethnic division of the American Indians, 22-23; costume of, 58; and the soul's journey after death, 129

ATIUS TIRÁWA. Principal deity of the Pawnees, 122; in the story of the Sacred Bundle, 307; in the story of the Bear-man, 308, 310, 311

ATOTARHO. A legendary hero of the Iroquois, chieftain of the Onondagas, 217, 225-226; Hiawatha a warrior under, 225; at first opposes Hiawatha's federation scheme, but later joins in it, 226

ATTAJEN (Man, or Rational Being). In Acagchemem myth, a semi-divine being, a benefactor of the human race, 354

AUGHEY, DR. Prehistoric remains discovered by, 8

AUZAR. In Acagchemem myth, reputed mother of Ouiamot, 354

AWONAWILONA (Maker and Container of All). The Zuñi creative deity, 106, 121

AZTECS. An aboriginal American race; the Shoshoneans related to, 29

B

BABEENS. A tribe of the Athapascan stock; carvings of, 63

BANCROFT, H. H. On the mythological beliefs of the Californian tribes, 348-350; on the beliefs of the Tinneh, 357-358

BARTRAM, W. On the priesthood of the Creeks, 136

BEAR DANCE. Pawnee ceremonial; story of the originator of the, 308-311

BEAR, THE GREAT. In Blackfoot legend of the origin of the Bear-spear, 188-190

BEAR-MAN. The story of the, 308-311

BEAR-SPEAR. Blackfoot legend of the origin of, 187-190

BEARSKIN-WOMAN. The story of, 182-184

BEAVER. I. A creative deity of the Sioux, chief of the Beaver family; Ictinike and, 269-270, 271. II. In Haida myth; story of the feud between Porcupine and, 318-320

BEAVER, THE GREAT (Quah-beet). Algonquian totem-deity; in myth of Glooskap and Malsum, 142; in legend of origin of the Beaver Medicine, 185-187

BEAVER, LITTLE. In legend of origin of the Beaver Medicine, 185-187

BEAVER MEDICINE. Legend of the origin of, 184-187

BEAVER PEOPLE. The beavers personified, in Haida myth; in the story of Beaver and Porcupine, 318-320

BIG WATER. The Pacific Ocean; in the story of Scar-face, 203

BIRD, THE. In Indian mythology, 109-111

BLACK TORTOISE, TOMB OF THE. An earth-mound, 19-20

BLACKFEET. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 24, 25; legends of, 182-184, 187-190, 193-212; the Sun Dance of, 204; Nápi, the creative deity of, 205

BLUE JAY. A mischievous totem-deity of the Chinooks, 124-125, 323; stories of, and his sister Ioi, 323-327; and the Supernatural People, 323-324, 327, 329-332, 339-340; in the story of Stik[)u]a, 342-348

BOAS, FRANZ. Extract from version of the Coyote myth related by, 124

BOSCANA, FATHER GERÓNIMO. On the beliefs of Californian tribes, 350-354

BOURBEUSE RIVER. Prehistoric remains discovered at, 7

BOURKE, J. G. Description of an Apache fetish by, 89-90; on 'phylacteries' (fetishes), 90

BOY MAGICIAN. The story of the, 238-242

BRÉBEUF, FATHER. Incident connected with, related by Brinton, 100; and the after-life of the Indians, 130

BRINTON, D. G. On the Shoshoneans, 29; extract from translation of the _Wallum-Olum_ by, 77-78; on the religion of the Indians, 97-101; on Indian 'good' and 'bad' gods, 104-105; on Indian veneration of the eagle, 110-111

BRUYAS, FATHER. Mentioned, 104

BUFFALO DANCE. A festival of the Mandans, 134-135

BUFFALO-STEALER. The legend of, 208-212

BUNDLES, SACRED. Collections of articles supposed to possess magical potency, 92, 308

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY. Quotations from _Bulletins_ of, 17, 21, 45-49, 55-59

BURIAL CUSTOMS, INDIAN, 128

BUSK. A contraction for Pushkita, name of a Creek festival, 133-134

BWOINAIS. A Chippeway warrior; war-songs of, 71-72

C

CADDO. I. An ethnic division of the American Indians, 28, 304. II. A tribe forming a part of the stock of the same name, 28

CAHROCS. A Californian tribe; deities of, 349-350

'CALAVERAS' SKULL. Prehistoric relic; discovery of, 8

CALIFORNIA. Prehistoric remains discovered in, 8; the tribes of, diversity among, 348; mythological beliefs of the tribes of, 348-356

CANIENGAS. One of the two political divisions of the Iroquois family, 225

CARVER, CAPTAIN JONATHAN. On Sioux methods of reckoning time, 132

CATLIN, G. On the Pipe-stone Quarry, 116, 117-118

CAYUGAS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 224

CHÁCOPEE, or WHITE FEATHER. A Sioux hero; the story of, 296-301

CHAREYA (The Old Man Above). Deity of the Cahrocs, 350

CHARLEVOIX, P. On incident relating to origin of the Indians, 12

CHEROKEES. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 23; as mound-builders, 21; and the eagle, 111; and the owl, 111; hunter- and thunder-gods of, 125-126; and the points of the compass, 131; and the priesthood, 136; dialect of the priesthood of, 136; subdued by the Iroquois, 227; the Iroquois attacks on, 246; and the King of Rattlesnakes, 248; their legend of the origin of medicine, 249-251

CHEYENNE. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; the great tribal fetish of, 91

CHICKASAWS. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock, 27; and earth-mounds, 21

CHILKAT. A tribe of the Thlingit stock; costume of, 58

CHIMPSEYANS. An ethnic division of the American Indians; carvings of, 63

CHINIGCHINICH (Almighty). Deity of the Acagchemems, called also Ouiamot, 352, 354-355

CHINOOKS. A tribe of the Chinookan stock, 322; Coyote a principal deity of, 123, 124; Blue Jay a deity of, 124; mode of burial of, 128; belief of, regarding the soul, 129; cranial deformation among, 322; myths of, 322-348; story of their contests with the Supernatural People, 329-332

CHIPPEWAYS, or OJIBWAYS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; dwellings of, 48; carvings of, 63; called 'Pillagers,' 68; war-customs of, 68-69; a legend of, 152-156; Manabozho (or Michabo a demi-god of, 223

CHOCTAWS. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock, 27; cranial deformation among, 27; dialect of the priesthood of, 136

CHURCH, CAPTAIN BENJAMIN. One of the early settlers; his methods in fighting the Indians, 31

CHUTSAIN. A malevolent spirit of the Tinneh, 358

CITY OF THE MISTS. Home of Po-shai-an-K'ia, the father of the Zuñi 'medicine' societies, 95

CLALLAMS. A tribe of the Salish stock; carvings of, 63

CLARKE, J. On the Pipe-stone Quarry, 116-117

CLIFF- AND ROCK-DWELLINGS, 48-49

CLOUD-CARRIER. The story of, 156-159

COCOPA. A tribe of the Yuman stock; dwellings of, 47; costume of, 59

COLORADO. Prehistoric remains discovered in, 8

COLOURS. The Indians and, 60-62

COLUMBUS. And the Discovery, 1, 2

COMANCHES. A tribe of the Shoshonean stock, 28; dwellings of, 48

COMMUNITY HOUSES, 45-47

COMPASS, POINTS OF THE. Significance to the Indians, 131

CONANT, A. J. On the group of earth-mounds in Minnesota, 20

CONQUEROR, THE. A deity mentioned in the myth of Coyote and Kodoyanpe, 123

COSTUME OF THE INDIANS, 55-59

COUNTRY OF THE GHOSTS. Same as Spirit-land, _which see_

COYOTE. _See_ Italapas

COYOTE PEOPLE, THE GREAT. A Zuñi clan, 95-96

CRANIAL DEFORMATION. Practised among the Muskhogeans, 27; among the Choctaws, 27; among the Chinooks, 322

CREATION-MYTHS, 106-109, 350-353

CREEKS. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock, 27; and earth-mounds, 21; and the eagle, no; and the owl, 111; Esaugetuh Emissee, the chief deity of, 122; the Pushkita, a festival of, 133-134; the priests of, 136

CREES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; legend of origin of their Young Dog Dance, 190-193; how they caught eagles, 190-191

CROWS. A tribe of the Siouan stock; in a Blackfoot legend, 193-196

D

DAKOTA. An ethnic division of the American Indians, same as Sioux, _which see_

DAY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE FETISHES. A Zuñi fetish festival, 96

DAY-AND-NIGHT MYTH. A Blackfoot, 205-208

DEKANEWIDAH. A Mohawk chieftain; assists Hiawatha in his federation scheme, 226

DELAWARES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; in the story of Frances Slocum, 37-38, 41

DÉNÉ. Same as Tinneh, _which see_

DEVIL. In Indian mythology, 349

DEVIL DANCES, 135

DEVIL'S CASTLE. Place in Siskiyou, California; regarded by natives as abode of malignant spirits, 349

DEVIL-FISH. Supernatural beings in Haida myth; story of an Indian and the daughter of a, 320-321

DEVOURING HILL. The story of the Rabbit and the, 302-303

DICKSON, DR. Discovery of prehistoric remains by, 7

DIGHTON WRITING ROCK, 16

DJ[=U]. A river mentioned in Haida myth, 314

DOGRIB INDIANS. A tribe of the Athapascan stock; myth of heaven-climber resembles that of Ugrian tribes of Asia, 11

DROWNED CHILD. The story of the, 285-287

DWELLINGS, INDIAN, 45-49

E

EAGLE. Indian veneration for, 110-111

EJONI. The first man, in an Acagchemem creation-myth, 353

ELEGANT. An Indian beau; in the story of Handsome, 160-162

ENO (Thief and Cannibal). A name of Coyote among the Acagchemem tribes, 351

ES-TONEA-PESTA (The Lord of Cold Weather). In the story of the Snow-lodge, 151-152

ESAUGETUH EMISSEE (Master of Breath). Supreme deity of the Muskhogees, 122; in creation-myth, 108

EYACQUE (Sub-captain). A name of Coyote among the Acagchemem tribes, 351

F

FACE-PAINTING, 59-62

FAIRY WIVES. The story of the, 170-175

FEATHER-WOMAN. A beautiful maiden; in the legend of Poïa, 200-203

FEATHER-WORK. Indian skill in, 63

FESTIVALS, INDIAN, 133-135

FETISHISM. Swanton on totemism and, 84-85; origin and nature of the fetish, 87-89; Apache fetishes, 89-90; Iroquoian fetishes, 91; Huron fetishes, 91; Algonquian fetishes, 91; the Cheyenne tribal fetish, 91; Hidatsa fetishes, 92; Siouan fetishes, 92; Hopi fetishes, 92-93; Zuñi fetishism, 93-97; fetishism associated with totemism, 93

FEWKES, J. W. And fetishes of the Hopi, 92

FINE-WEATHER-WOMAN. Haida storm-deity; in the myth of the origin of certain demi-gods, 314; origin of, as the mother of Sîñ, 314-316

FIVE NATIONS, THE. A federation of the Iroquois, called also the Grand League, 23, 24; the tribes composing, 23, 224-225; Hiawatha the founder of the league, 23; influence upon European history, 223, 227; called also Six Nations and Seven Nations, 224; Hiawatha's early efforts toward federation, 225; the federation inaugurated, and completed, 226; growth of the power of, 227; the Peace Queen appointed by, 263; the office of Peace Queen abolished, 265

FLATHEADS. Name applied to the Choctaws by the whites, 27

FLETCHER, Miss A. C. On dwellings of the Omaha, 48

FLYING SQUIRREL. A creative deity of the Sioux; Ictinike and, 271

FOXES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25, 71

FRIENDLY SKELETON. The story of the, 242-246

FUTURE LIFE. The Indian idea of, 127

G

GÉBELIN, COURT DE. And the Dighton Writing Rock, 16

GENETASKA. A Peace Queen; the legend of, 262-265

GHOST PEOPLE. The souls of the dead, the inhabitants of Spirit-land, 129, 130; Ioi and Blue Jay among, 324-326, 327

GHOST-LAND. Same as Spirit-land, _which see_

GILA-SONORA. An ethnic division of the American Indians; costume of, 59

GITSHE IAWBA. A Chippeway brave; hunting exploit of, 54-55

GLOOSKAP (The Liar). A creative deity of the Algonquins, twin with Malsum, 141; his contest with Malsum, 141-142; resembles the Scandinavian Balder, 142; creates man, 143; contest with Win-pe, 143-144; his gifts to man, 144-145; and Wasis, the baby, 145-146; leaves the earth, 146-147; a sun-god, 147; and Summer and Winter, 147-149; his 'wig-wam,' 149

GOD. The Indian idea of, 101

GODS, INDIAN. Character of, 103-105; description of the principal, 118-126

GRAND COUNCIL of the Five Nations, 224, 226

GRAND LEAGUE, or KAYANERENH KOWA. A federation of the Iroquois, known also as the Five Nations. _See under_ Five Nations

GREAT DOG. A totem-deity, 137

GREAT EAGLE. A totem-deity, 137

GREAT HEAD. A malevolent being, in Iroquois myth; a legend of, 232-235

GREAT MAN. Name for a chief deity among Californian tribes, 348

GREAT SPIRIT THE, or MANITO. Supreme Indian deity; and the origin of smoking, 116

GREAT WATER. The Pacific; in the story of the Snake-wife, 290, 292

GREATEST FOOL. Supernatural being in Haida myth; in the story of Master-carpenter and South-east, 317

GREENLAND. Early voyages from, to America, 13, 14-16

H

HAIDA. A tribe of the Skittagetan stock; houses of, 46-47; myths and legends of, 312-321

HAMPTON INSTITUTE. And education of the Indians, 79

HANDSOME. A beautiful maiden; the story of, 159-162

HAOKAH. Thunder-god of the Sioux, 125

'HARRYING OF HADES.' American Indian myth provides examples of, 332, 340-341

HEALING WATERS. The legend of the, 257-260

HELLU-LAND (Land of Flat Stones). In legend of Norse voyage to America, 14, 15

HERBERT, SIR THOMAS. His _Travels_ quoted, 4-5

HERJULFSON, BIARNE. And the Norse discovery of America, 13-14

HIAWATHA (more properly HAI-EN-WAT-HA; = He who seeks the Wampum-belt). A legendary hero of the Iroquois, 217, 223-228; represented also as of Algonquian race, 223; effect of Longfellow's poem on the history of, 223; Longfellow's confusion in identity of, 223; historical basis for the legends, 223; founder of the League of the Five Nations, 223-224; a warrior under Atotarho, 225; his plans for federation, 225; adopted into the Mohawk tribe, 226; his scheme consummated, 226

HIDATSA. A tribe of the Sioux; fetishes of, 92; have no belief in a devil or hell, 104

HI'NUN. Thunder-god of the Iroquois, 217; myths relating to, 218-222; great veneration for, 222

HOBBAMOCK, Or HOBBAMOQUI (Great). Beneficent Indian deity, 105

HOFFMANN, W. J. On Algonquian fetishes, 91

HOGAN. An Indian dwelling, 49

HOPI, or MOQUI. A tribe of the Shoshonean stock; as cotton-weavers, 56, 73; fetishes of, 92-93; festivals of, 135

HUNTING, INDIAN, 50-55

HUPA. A tribe of the Athapascan stock; costume of, 59; method of reckoning age, 133

HURONS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 23; marriage among, 73; fetishes of, 91; the dove regarded as sacred by, 111; and the soul's journey after death, 129; originally one people with the Iroquois, 224; in the conflict between the Caniengas and Algonquins, 225; war with the Onondagas, 225; annihilated by the Iroquois, 227; a legend of, 248

I

ICE-COUNTRY. In Algonquian myth, 147

ICTINIKE. An evil spirit, in Sioux myth; adventures of, 266-271

ILLINOIS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock; in a Seneca legend, 236-238

'INDIAN.' The name wrongly applied to the North American races, 1

INDIANA. Primitive implements found in, 7; earth-mounds found in, 17, 18

INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN. The theory that they came from the East, 1-2; early controversy as to origin of, 2-3; identified with the lost Ten Tribes, 3; other theories of origin of, 4; theory of their Welsh origin, 4-5; origination of American man in the Old World, 5-6; scientific data relating to origin of, 5-13, 17-22; affinities with Siberian peoples, 10-12; probably migrants from Asia, 12-13; ethnic divisions of, 22-29; geographical distribution of the tribes of, 22-29; industry of, 26; early wars between whites and, 29-31; early relationship with whites, 29-30; deportation of, as slaves, 31; confinement of, to 'reservations,' 31-32; stories of whites and, 32-45; and kidnapping of white children, 36-45; dwellings of, 45-49; tribal law and custom among, 50; hunting among, 50-55; dress of, 55-59; and face-painting, 59-62; and colours, 60-62; art of, 62-63; war-customs of, 63-72; position of women among, 72-73; marriage among, 73; and child-life, 73-74; and totemism, 74-76, 80-87; picture-writing among, 76-78; enlightenment of, 79, 360; and fetishism, 87-97; and religion, 97-105, 140; ideas of God, 101; character of gods of, 103-105; creation-myths of, 106-109; serpent- and bird-worship among, 109-115; and the use of tobacco, 115-118; the gods of, 118-126; and ideas of a future life, 127-128; burial customs of, 128; and the soul's journey after death, 129; and the spirit-world, 129-130, 139-140; reverence for the four points of the compass, 131; methods of time-reckoning, 131-133; festivals of, 132, 133-135; the medicine-men of, 135-140; original character of the mythologies of, 359; worthiness of the race, 359-360

IOI. A deity of the Chinooks, sister of Blue Jay; stories of, 323-327

IOSKEHA (White One). One of the twin-gods of the Iroquois, 121

IOWA. I. The State; prehistoric remains discovered in, 8. II. A tribe of the Sioux stock, 266; legends of, 266-271

IROQUOIS (Real Adders). An ethnic division of the American Indians, called also Long House People, 23-24, 224; the Five Nations of, 23, 24, 223-227; community houses of, 45; costume of, 58; marriage customs of, 73; name for fetish, 85; and the serpent of the Great Lakes, 113; the twin-gods of, 121; and the soul's journey after death, 129; myths and legends of, 217-265; Hi'nun, the chief deity of, 217; Hiawatha, a mythical hero of, 217; originally one people with the Hurons, 224; the two political branches of, 224-225; growth of the power of, 227

IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY. _See_ Five Nations

ISLAND OF THE BLESSED. In the story of the Spirit-bride, 163-165

ITALAPAS or ITALAPATE, (Coyote). A principal deity of the Chinooks and Californian tribes, 123-124, 350; in the myth of Ouiot, 351

J

JAPAZAWS. A chief, 32

JEWS. American aborigines identified with, 3-4

K

KATCINA. A clan of the Hopi tribe, and the tribal festivals, 135

KAYANERENH KOWA. The Grand League, or Five Nations, a federation of the Troquois. _See under_ Five Nations

KENTUCKY. Earth-mounds found in, 18

KEWAWKQU'. A race of giants and magicians, in Algonquian myth; conquered by Glooskap, 145

KICHAI. A tribe of the Caddoan stock, 28

KICKAPOOS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25

KIDNAPPING by Indians, 36; a story of, 37-45

KIEHTAN. Beneficent Indian deity, 105

KING OF GRUBS. In the myth of the Thunderers, 222

KING OF RATTLESNAKES. The legend of, 248

KING PHILIP'S WAR, 30-31

KINGFISHER. A creative deity of the Sioux; Ictinike and, 271

KINGSBOROUGH, LORD. And the identity of the American aborigines, 3

KIOWA. An ethnic division of the American Indians; dwellings of, 48; picture-writing records of, 77; the year of, 132

KITTANITOWIT. A manufactured name for the supreme Indian deity, 105

KOCH, DR. Prehistoric remains discovered by, 7

KODOYANPE. Principal deity of the Maidu, 123, 124

KOHL, J. G. On Indian face-painting, 59-62

KOKOMIKIS. The Moon-goddess, wife of the Sun-god; in the stories of Scar-face, 199-204

KOLUSCHES. An ethnic division of the American Indians; customs of, resemble those of Asiatic tribes, 10-11

KOOTENAY. An ethnic division of the American Indians; Coyote the creative deity of, 124

KUM. A semi-subterranean lodge of the Maidu, 47

KUTOYIS (Drop of Blood). A hero in Algonquian myth; legends of, 212-216

L

LAKE SUPERIOR. Prehistoric remains discovered in district of, 8

LAND OF THE SUN. Indian abode of bliss, 127

LAND OF THE SUPERNATURAL PEOPLE. Region inhabited by a semi-divine race, 129-130; in Chinook myth, 323-324, 327-332, 337-338

LANGUAGE. Resemblance between that of American and Asiatic tribes, 12; the basis of ethnic classification of American tribes, 22

LEIF THE LUCKY. Legend of voyage of, to America, 14-15

LELAND, C. G. On Algonquian mythology, 143

LENI-LENÂPÉ. A tribe of the Algonquian stock; the _Wallum-Olum_ of, 77-78

LIGHTNING. Indian belief regarding, 111-112

LIPANS. A tribe of the Athapascan stock, 22

LITTLE DEER. Chief of the Deer tribe, in Cherokee myth. 249, 250

LITTLE MEN. Twin thunder-gods of the Cherokees, 126

LONE-DOG WINTER-COUNT. A picture-writing chronicle of the Dakota, 77

LONG HOUSE PEOPLE. A name applied to the Iroquois, 224, 227

LONGFELLOW, H. W. And the identity of Hiawatha, 223

LORD OF THE DEAD. Indian deity; the owl sometimes represented as the attendant of, 112

LOUCHEUX. A division of the Tinneh stock; the myth of the moon-god of, 357-358

LOX, or LOKI. Algonquian deity, a reincarnation of Malsum, 143; reminiscent of the Scandinavian Loki, 143; in the story of the Fairy Wives, 174-175

LYELL, SIR CHARLES. On discovery of prehistoric remains, 7

M

MA-CON-A-QUA. The Indian name of Frances Slocum, 44

MADOC. Legend of, 4

MAIDU. A Californian tribe; dwellings of, 47; creation-myth of, 123; Coyote and Kodoyanpe deities of, 123; the seasons of, 133

MAIZE. Chippeway story of the origin of, 180-182

MAKER-OF-THE-THICK-SEA-MIST. Haida deity; in the story of Master-carpenter and South-east, 318

MALICIOUS MOTHER-IN-LAW. Story of the, 176-180

MALSUM (The Wolf). A malignant creative deity of the Algonquins, twin with Glooskap, 141-143, 149; contest with Glooskap, 141-142; appears later in Algonquian myth as Lox, or Loki, 143; future conflict with Glooskap, 149

MAN. Origin of, in America, 5-22

MANABOZHO. Same as Michabo, 11, _which see_

MANDANS. A tribe of the Siouan stock; community houses of, 45; creation-myth of, 109; the dove regarded as sacred by, 112; the Buffalo Dance, a festival of, 134-135

MANITO (The Great Spirit). I. Supreme deity of the Algonquins, probably same as Michabo; and the lightning, 112. II. A general term for a potent spirit or the supernatural among the Algonquins and Sioux, 114. III. Supreme deity of the Iroquois; in the legend of the Healing Waters, 257-260

MARK-LAND (Wood-land). In legend of the Norse voyage to America, 14, 15

MARRIAGE among the Indians, 73

MARTEN. An idle brave; in the story of the Fairy Wives, 170-172

MASON, JOHN. One of the early settlers; and the feud with the Pequots, 30

MASTER OF LIFE. In the story of the Spirit-bride, 164

MASTER-CARPENTER. A supernatural being, in Haida myth; story of his contest with South-east, 316-318

MEDA. A 'medicine' society of the Algonquins, 119

MEDA CHANT. An Algonquian religious ceremony, 114

MEDECOLIN. Sorcerers, in Algonquian myth; conquered by Glooskap, 145

MEDICINE-MEN, or SHAMANS, 135-140; as priests, 136; as healers, 136-138; 'journeys' of, to Spirit-land, 139-140; instituted by Attajen, 354

'MEDICINE.' A term signifying magical potency, usually of a healing order; Seneca legend of the origin of, 230-232; Cherokee legend of the origin of curative medicine, 249-251

MEN-SERPENTS. The story of the, 273-275

MENOMINEES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25

MIAMI. A tribe of the Algonquian stock; in the story of Frances Slocum, 40, 41

MICE. Two supernatural beings in Chinook myth, 339-340

MICHABO (The Great Hare). I. Supreme deity of the Algonquins, probably same as Manito, 119-120; in creation-myth, 107-108. II. A demi-god of the Ojibways, called also Manabozho; confusion of, with Hiawatha, 223

MICMACS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; subdued by the Iroquois, 227

MILKY WAY. Called the Wolf-trail by the Indians, 204

MINAS, LAKE. In Nova Scotia; Glooskap leaves the earth upon, 146

MINNESOTA. Primitive implements found in, 7; earth-mounds found in, 18, 19-20

MINNETAREES. A tribe of the Hidatsa stock; creation-myth of, 109

'MIOCENE BRIDGE.' And the origin of man in America, 6

MOHAVE. A tribe of the Yuman stock; costume of, 59

MOHAWKS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 24, 224, 225; and the twin-gods myth of the Iroquois, 121; Hiawatha may have belonged to, 223, 226; Hiawatha adopted into, 226

MOHEGANS. Same as Mohicans, _which see_

MOHICANS, or MOHEGANS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; a community house of, 45; subdued by the Iroquois, 227

MON-DA-MIN. The maize-plant; story of the origin of, 180-182

MONTAGNAIS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25

MOON-GODDESS. _See_ Kokomikis

MOOSE. A brave, a great hunter; in the story of the Fairy Wives, 170-172

MOOWIS. A counterfeit brave; in the story of Elegant and Handsome, 161-162

MOQUI. Same as Hopi, _which see_

MORGAN, L. On Indian community houses, 45-46

MORNING STAR. _See_ Apisirahts

MOUNDS. Prehistoric earthen erections found in America, 17-22; in animal form, 17-18; purpose of, 18; contents of, 18-19, 21; description of a group, 19-20; the builders of, 20-21; age of, 21-22

MUSK-RAT. A creative deity of the Sioux; Ictinike and, 270-271

MUSKHOGEANS. An ethnic division of the American Indians, 27; costume of, 58; marriage-customs of, 73; creation-myth of, 108

N

NAKOTAT. A Chinook village; in the myth of Stik[)u]a, 341, 345

NANTAQUAUS. Son of the chief Powhatan, 33

NANTENA. Spirits or fairies, in Tinneh mythology, 358

NÁPI. The creative deity of the Blackfeet; in a day-and-night legend, 205, 208; in the legend of Buffalo-stealer, 208-212

NARRAGANSETS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25

NARVAEZ, PANFILO DE. And the Muskhogean people, 27

NATCHEZ. I. The city; discoveries of prehistoric remains at, 7. II. A tribe of the so-called Natchesan stock; and earth-mounds, 21; and the eagle, 112

NAVAHO. A tribe of the Athapascan stock, 22; a dwelling of, 49; costume of, 59; belief of, respecting birds and the winds, 110; Ahsonnutli the chief deity of, 121-122; belief of, respecting the soul, 129; and the points of the compass, 131

NEBRASKA. Prehistoric remains discovered in, 8

NEKUMONTA. An Iroquois brave; in the legend of the Healing Waters, 257-260

NEMISSA. A Star-maiden; in the story of Cloud-carrier, 156-159

NEW ORLEANS. Prehistoric remains discovered at, 7

NEW YORK. State of; conflict between Indians and the early settlers in, 30

NEZ PERCÉS. A tribe of the Sahaptian stock; dwellings of, 47

NIPARAYA. A supreme deity of the Pericues, 355-356

NIPMUCS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25

NOCUMA. A creative deity of the Acagchemems, 352-353

NOKAY. A noted Chippeway hunter; hunting exploit of, 54

NOOTKAS. A tribe of the Nootka-Columbia stock; dwellings of, 47; Quahootze, a deity of, 100

NOPATSIS. A brave; in the legend of the origin of the Beaver Medicine, 184-187

NORSEMEN. Discovery of America by, 13-14, 16; early voyages of, to America, 14-16; left no traces of their occupation, 16

NOTTOWAYS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 23

NUNNE CHAHA. A hill mentioned in the Muskhogean creation-myth, 108

O

OHIO. I. The State; primitive implements found in, 7; earth-mounds found in, 17, 18. II. The river; attempt to maintain as Indian boundary, 25

OJIBWAYS. Same as Chippeways, _which see_

OKINAI. In the story of Bearskin-woman, 183-184

OKULAM (Noise of Surge). Name given to giant in Chinook myth of the Thunderer, 335

OLCHONES. A Californian tribe; sun identified with supreme deity by, 350

OLD MAN ABOVE. I. Name for supreme deity among Californian tribes, 348. II. The Chareya of the Cahrocs, 350

OLD WHITE BEAR. Chief of the Bear tribe, in Cherokee myth, 249

OMAHAS. A tribe of the Siouan stock; dwellings of, 48; Ictinike a war-god of, 266

ONE ABOVE. Name for supreme deity among Californian tribes, 348

ONEIDAS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 24, 224, 225; inaugurate the federation of the Five Nations, 226

ONNIONT. A mythological serpent, 91

ONONDAGAS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 224; Hiawatha probably belonged to, 223; war with Caniengas and Hurons, 225; Atotarho a chief of, 225; and Hiawatha's federation scheme, 226

ORENDA. Magical power, 112

OSAGES. A tribe probably of the Algonquian stock; dwellings of, 48

OTTER-HEART. The story of, 165-170

OUIAMOT. Same as Chinigchinich, _which see_

OUIOT (Dominator). I. A demi-god of the Acagchemems, 351-352. II. A tyrannous ruler, 353-354

OWL, THE. Indian veneration for, 113

P

PAHE-WATHAHUNI (The Devouring Hill). The story of the Rabbit and, 302-303

PAIUTES. A tribe of the Yunian stock; houses of, 47

PALMER, CAPTAIN G. Work by, quoted, 3-4

PAMOLA. An evil spirit, in Algonquian myth; conquered by Glooskap, 145

PAWNEES. A confederacy of tribes of the Caddoan stock, 28, 304; and the tribal fetish of the Cheyenne, 91; and thunder, 112; Atius Tiráwa, the chief deity of, 122; and the Young Dog Dance, 190; subdued by the Iroquois, 227; strong religious sense of, 304; myths and legends of, 304-311; story of the origin of their Sacred Bundle, 304-308

PAYNE, E. J. On resemblance of customs of American and Asiatic tribes, 10-11

PEACE QUEEN. A maiden appointed by the Five Nations to be arbiter of quarrels; the legend of Genetaska the, 262-265; the office abolished, 265

PEBBLE-RATTLER. Haida wind-deity; in the story of Master-carpenter and South-east, 318

PEQUOTS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock; feud between the whites and, 30

PERICUES. A Californian tribe; the hostile divinities of, 355-356

PETIT ANSE. Place in Louisiana; prehistoric remains discovered at, 7

PHILIP. An Indian chief, called 'King Philip'; war of, with the whites, 30-31

PICTURE-WRITING, INDIAN, 76-78

PIGMIES. Iroquois belief in a race of, 229; a legend of, 246-248; perhaps actually a prehistoric American race, 248

PIMAS. A tribe of the Pueblo stock; costume of, 59; method of keeping records, 133

PIPE-STONE QUARRY. Source of the Indian's pipe; description of, 116-118

PLAGUE DEMON. Iroquois deity, 264

PLAINS INDIANS. Costume of, 58; artistic work of, 62; rank among, indicated by feathers worn, 63; marriage among, 73

POCAHONTAS. Daughter of the chief Powhatan; the story of, 32-36

POÏA (Scar-face). The legends of, 196-205

PORCUPINE. One of the Porcupine People, in Haida myth; story of the conflict between Beaver and, 318-320

PO-SHAI-AN-K'IA. A Zuñi deity, father of the 'medicine' societies, 95; in creation-myth, 107

POWELL, CAPTAIN NATHANIEL. And the story of Pocahontas, 32-36

POWERS, STEPHEN. On evil spirits in Indian mythology, 349-350

POWHATAN. A chief, father of Pocahontas, 32, 33

POWHATANS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; belief of, respecting birds, 110.

PRATT, CAPTAIN R. H. His school for the education of Indian children, 79

PREHISTORIC REMAINS. Discoveries of, 7-10

PREY BROTHERS. A priesthood of the Zuñi, 96

PREY-GODS. Deities of the Zuñi, 94-97

PRIESTHOOD of the Indian tribes, 135-136

PRINCE OF SERPENTS. A deity who dwelt in the Great Lakes, 112, 113

PUEBLOS. I. An ethnic division of the American Indians; buildings of, 47, 49; costume of, 57, 59; artistic work of, 63; festivals of, 135. II. Indian community houses, 46, 48

PUSHKITA. A festival of the Creeks, 134

Q

QUAAYAYP. A son of the Pericue deity Niparaya, 355

QUAH-BEET (Great Beaver). Algonquian totem-deity; in myth of Glooskap and Malsum, 142

QUAHOOTZE. Deity of the Nootkas, 100

QUAPAWS. A tribe of the Caddoan stock; and earth-mounds, 21

R

RABBIT. Personified animal in Sioux myth; Ictinike and, 266-268; and the Sun, 301-302; and Pahe-Wathahuni, the Devouring Hill, 302-303

RAFN, K. C. Cited, 14; and the Dighton Writing Rock, 16

RATTLESNAKE. Indian regard for the, 113-115

RAVEN. Personification in Chinook myth; in the story of Stik[)u]a, 342-348

RED PIPE-STONE ROCK. The first pipe made at, 116

RED-STORM-CLOUD. A Haida wind-deity; in the story of Master-carpenter and South-east, 317

RESERVATIONS, INDIAN, 31-32

RESURRECTION. Indian belief in, 128

ROBIN. A deity of the Chinooks, brother of Blue Jay, 125, 330, 332

ROGEL, FATHER. Incident connected with his missionary work, 105

ROLFE, JOHN. Husband of Pocahontas, 32

ROOT-DIGGERS. A tribe of the Shoshonean stock, 28

S

SACRED BUNDLE. The story of the, 304-308

SACRED OTTER. A hunter; in the story of the Snow-lodge, 150-152

SALISH INDIANS. A tribe probably of the Algonquian stock; houses of, 47; costume of, 58

SALMON. The story of, 282-285

SANTEES. A tribe of the Siouan stock, 28

SASSACUS. Pequot chief; his village destroyed, 30

SAUKS. A tribe of the Siouan stock, 71

SAYADIO. A young Wyandot brave; the legend of, 260-262

SCALPING. Nature of the act, 66; preservation of scalps, 67

SCAR-FACE. _See_ Poïa

SCHOOLCRAFT, H. R. On Indian hunting, 52-55; on Indian warfare, 66-72; on the Indian's use of tobacco, and his pipe, 115-118; and the identity of Hiawatha, 223

SECOTAN. An Indian village in North Carolina, 48

SEMINOLES. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock, 27; costume of, 58

SENECAS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 225, 226; the so-called, in Oklahoma, 24; join the Grand League, 226; story of the origin of the 'medicine' of, 230-232; legend of, 236-238

SERPENT, THE. In Indian mythology, 109-111, 114; worship of, 112-114; reverence paid to, 135

SHADOW-LAND. Same as Spirit-land, _which see_

SHANEWIS. Wife of Nekumonta; in the legend of the Healing Waters, 257-260

SHAWNEES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock, 25; as mound-builders, 21; and the King of Rattlesnakes, 248

SHOSHONEANS (Snakes). An ethnic division of the American Indians, 28-29; costume of, 59

SHUSHWAP INDIANS. A Salish tribe; Coyote the creative deity of, 124

SILVER CHAIN. Name applied to the Grand Council of the league of the Five Nations, 226

SÎÑ. Sky-god and principal deity of the Haida; myth of the incarnation of, 314-316

SINNEKES. One of the two political divisions of the Iroquois, 224, 225

SIOUX, or DAKOTA. An ethnic division of the American Indians, 28, 266; superstition of, resembles that of the Itelmians of Kamchatka, 11; dwellings of, 48; face-painting among, 61-62; war-customs of, 68; fetishes of, 92; belief of, respecting the winds, 110; and the eagle, 111; and the rattlesnake, 114; Haokah, the chief thunder-god of, 125; Waukheon, a thunder-god of, 126; Unktahe, the water-god of, 126; and the soul's journey after death, 129; the year of, 132; methods of time-reckoning of, 132-133; myths and legends of, 266-303

SIROUT (Handful of Tobacco). One of the first men, in an Acagchemem creation-myth, 353

SITS-BY-THE-DOOR. The story of, 193-196

SKRÆLINGR. Name given by Norsemen to American natives, 13; attack the early Norse voyagers, 15

SKULL, DEFORMATION OF THE. Practised by the Muskhogean peoples, chiefly by Choctaws, 27; among the Chinooks, 322

SKY-COUNTRY. In a version of the story of Poïa, 201-205

SKY-GOD. Of the Haida--_see_ Sîñ

SLOCUM, FRANCES. The story of, 37-45

SMOKE-EATER. A being with magical powers, in Chinook myth, 330

SMOKING among the Indians, 115-118; legend of the origin of, 116; importance of, in Indian life, 131

SNAKE-OGRE. The story of the, 278-282

SNAKE-WIFE. The story of the, 287-292

SNOW-LODGE. The story of the, 149-152

SOKUMAPI. A young brave; in Blackfoot story of the origin of the Bear-spear, 187-190

SOTO, HERNANDO DE. And the Muskhogean people, 27

SOUL. The journey of the, after death, in Indian belief, 129

SOULS, THE LAND OF. In the legend of Sayadio, 260-261

SOUTH-EAST. A Haida deity representing the south-east wind; contest of, with Master-carpenter, 316-318

SPIDER MAN. In the legend of Poïa, 201, 202

SPIRIT-BRIDE. The story of the, 162-165

SPIRIT-LAND. Abode of mortals after death, 129-130; the lesser soul of sick persons taken to, 129, 139-140; 'visits' of medicine-men to, 139-140; in the story of the Spirit-bride, 162-165; in the story of Sayadio, 260-261; Ioi and Blue Jay in, 324-326

SQA-I. A town in the Queen Charlotte Islands; the contest of Master-carpenter and South-east at, 316-318

SQUIER, E. G. And the earth-mounds, 18

STAR-BOY. First name of Poïa, or Scar-face, 201, 203

STAR-COUNTRY, THE. In the story of Algon, 155-156; in the story of Cloud-carrier, 156-159; in the story of the Fairy Wives, 173

STAR-MAIDEN. The story of the, 152-156

STIK[=U]A. Wife of Blue Jay; the story of, 341-348

STONE GIANTESS. The story of the, 254-257

STONE GIANTS. A malignant race, in Iroquois myth, 217, 228-229, 255-257

STYLES, DR. And the Dighton Writing Rock, 16

SUMMER. Queen of the Elves of Light, in Algonquian myth; Glooskap and, 148-149

SUN, THE. In Indian creation-myth, 106; worship of, 113, 350; in Sioux myth, the Rabbit and, 301-302

SUN DANCE. Blackfoot ceremony for the restoration of the sick; Poïa brings the secrets of, to the Blackfeet, 204

SUN-CHILDREN. Extract from the story of the two, 93-94

SUN-COUNTRY. In the story of Scar-face, 198-200

SUN-GOD. In the stories of Scar-face, 197-205; in a Blackfoot day-and-night myth, 208; the Sioux deity, Ictinike the son of, 266

SUPERNATURAL PEOPLE, THE. A semi-divine race, 129-130; Blue Jay and, 124-125, 323-324, 327, 329-332; Haida myth of the origin of certain, 312-314; in Chinook myth, 323-324, 327-332, 337-338

SUSQUEHANNOCKS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 23

SWAMP FIGHT. A battle between Indians and whites, 31

SWANTON, J. R. On totemism, 84-87

SWEET GRASS HILLS. In the legend of Buffalo-stealer, 209

T

TA-UL-TZU-JE. An Indian; the fetish of, 90

TACU. In Californian myth, reputed father of Ouiamot, 354

TACULLIES. A tribe of the Tinneh stock; a superstition of, 358

TAKAHLI. A South American tribe; moral sense of, 98

TAKER-OFF-OF-THE-TREE-TOPS. Haida wind-deity; in the story of Master-carpenter and South-east, 318

TARENYAWAGO. Master of ceremonies in the Land of Souls; in the legend of Sayadio, 261

TAWISCARA (Dark One). One of the twin-gods of the Iroquois, 121

TECUMSEH. An Algonquin chief; war of, with the whites, 25

TETONS. A tribe of the Siouan stock, 28

TEXAS. Indians of; and earth-mounds, 21

THORWALD. Brother of Leif the Lucky; voyage of, to America, 15

THREE TESTS. The story of the, 275-278

THUNDER-BOYS. Twin thunder-gods of the Cherokees, 126

THUNDER-GODS, INDIAN, 125-126; analogous to thunder-gods of the aboriginal Mexican peoples, 126

THUNDER-MEN. Man-eating beings in Sioux myth; in the story of the Snake-wife, 290-292; transformed into the thunder-clouds, 292

THUNDERER. A supernatural being, in Chinook myth, 334-338

THUNDERER'S SON-IN-LAW. The story of the, 332-341

THUNDERERS. The people of Hi'nun, the Iroquois thunder-god; a myth relating to, 219-222

TIDAL-WAVE. Haida storm-deity; in the story of Master-carpenter and South-east, 318

TIHUGUN (My Old Friend). A beneficent deity of the Tinneh, 358

TIME. Indian methods of reckoning, 131-133

TINNEH, or DÉNÉ. A division of the Athapascan stock, 22, 356; poverty of, in mythological conceptions, 356-357; beliefs of, 357-358

TIPI. An Indian tent-dwelling, 48, 49

TIPPECANOE. Battle of the, 25

TLINGIT. A tribe of the Koluschan stock; houses of, 46-47

TO-MORROW. Haida deity, mother of South-east; in the story of Master-carpenter, 318

TOBACCO. Use of, among the Indians, 115-116; legend of the origin of smoking, 115

TOBET. I. A ceremonial dancer of the Acagchemems, 355. II. The costume worn by the _tobet_, 355

TOSAUT. A rock mentioned in creation-myth of the Acagchemem tribes, 352, 353

TOTEMISM. Influence of, upon marriage, 73; story of an adventure with a totem, 74-75; story of a totem-vigil, 75-76; origin of, among the Indians, 80-81; wide extension of, 81, 82-83; development of the totem into a deity, 82; rules of, 83; severity of totemic rule, 83; Swanton on, 84-87; associated with fetishism, 93; influence upon the growth of 'morality,' 102

TSUI 'KALU (Slanting Eyes). A hunter-god of the Cherokees, 125-126

TUPARAN. Same as Wac, _which see_

TUSCARORAS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock, 23; and the twin-gods myth of the Iroquois, 121

TWIN-GODS of the Iroquois, 121

TYRKER, or TYDSKER. In legend of Norse voyage to America, 14, 15

TZI-DALTAI. Fetishes of the Apaches, 89-90

U

UNDERWORLD. Sioux story of an adventure in, 292-296

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. And the Indians, 32, 79

UNKTAHE. Water-god of the Dakota, 126

UTONAGAN. A totem-spirit; an Indian's adventure with, 74-75

V

VANCOUVER, G. And Indian dwellings, 47

VIRGINIA. Earth-mounds found in, 18; wars between whites and early settlers in, 29-30

W

WABASKAHA. An Omaha brave; the story of, 271-273

WABOJEEG. An Indian chief; hunting exploit of, 54; a war-song of, 70-71

WABOSE, CATHERINE. The adventure of, 75-76

WAC. A supreme deity of the Pericues, called also Tuparan, 356

WAKANDA. A deity of the Omaha; in the story of Wabaskaha, 272; in the story of the Snake-wife, 288

WAKINYJAN (The Flyers). Sioux wind-deities who send storms, 110

WALES. Legend that North American Indians came from, 4-5

"WALLUM-OLUM." Picture-writing records of the Leni-Lenâpé, 77-78

WAR-DANCE, INDIAN, 65, 69-70

WARFARE AND WAR-CUSTOMS, INDIAN, 63-72

WASIS. A baby, in Algonquian myth; Glooskap and, 145-146

WATER MANITOU. In a Chippeway legend, 179

WATER-GOD. Of the Dakota, 126; in an Iroquois legend, 286-287

WAUKHEON (Thunder-bird). A thunder-god of the Dakota, 126

WAYNE, GENERAL A., 26

WEASEL. Name of the Fairy Wives, 172

WEST WIND, THE. I. Algonquian deity, father of Michabo, 120. II. Deity of the Iroquois, brother of Hi'nun, 217; destroys the Stone Giants, 228-229

WHALE-MEAT-CUTTER. A being with magical powers, in Chinook myth, 330

WHITE FEATHER. _See_ Chácopee

WHITES. Familiar name for European settlers in America; early wars with Indians, 29-31; early relationship with Indians, 29-30, 32; Blackfoot idea of the originator of, 208

WHITNEY, PROFESSOR J. D. Discovery of 'Calaveras' skull by, 8

WICHITA. A tribe of the Caddoan stock, 28; grass hut of, 48

WICKIUP. An Indian dwelling, 49

WIGWAM. An Indian dwelling, 49

WILSON, PROFESSOR D. On the Chinooks, 322

WIN-PE. A giant sorcerer, in Algonquian myth; Glooskap and, 143-144

WINE-LAND. In legend of Norse voyage to America, 15

WINNEBAGO. A tribe of the Siouan stock; as mound-builders, 21

WINSLOW, E. On the gods of the Indians, 105

WINTER. A giant, in Algonquian myth; Glooskap and, 147-148

WISCONSIN. Earth-mounds found in, 17

WITCHCRAFT. Iroquois belief in, 229

WOLF-TRAIL. Indian name for the Milky Way, 204

WOMEN, INDIAN. Position of, 72-73; skill of, in weaving, 73

WONDERFUL KETTLE. The story of the, 251-254

WYANDOTS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock; allied with Algonquian tribes, 25; a legend of, 260-262

WYOMING. Prehistoric remains discovered in, 8

Y

YANKTONS. A tribe of the Siouan stock, 28

YCAIUT (Above). One of the first women, in an Acagchemem creation-myth, 353

YOUNG DOG DANCE. Legend of the origin of the, 190-193

YUCHI. A tribe of the Uchean stock; and earth-mounds, 21

Z

ZlNZENDORF, THE COUNT OF. Story of the rattlesnake and, 114-115

ZUÑI. A tribe of the Zuñian stock; fetishism among, 93-97; creation-myth of, 106-107; Awonawilona, the chief deity of, 106, 121; and the eagle, 111; and the serpent, 113; the year of, 132; dialect of the priesthood of, 136