Chapter I: Preface

The career of Daniel Alexander Payne Murray, who served as a member of the staff in various capacities "up to an assistant librarian" from 1871 to 1922, is a natural starting point for a discussion of Negro materials in the Library of Congress. While serving in his first position in the Library, as a personal assistant to the Librarian, Ainsworth R. Spofford, Mr. Murray undertook the systematic study of "the origin and historical growth of the colored race throughout the civilized world," which he hoped would result in an encyclopedic history of his race. Almost 30 years later, he was chosen by Herbert Putnam, then just beginning his career as Librarian, to respond to a request from Ferdinand W. Peck, Commissioner General of the United States to the Paris exposition of 1900, that a collection of books and pamphlets by Afro-American authors be made a feature of the American exhibit at the exposition. Within a period of 2 weeks, Mr. Murray prepared a preliminary list of 223 works written by 152 Negro authors. The purpose of this list was to aid in securing a copy of "every book and pamphlet in existence, by a Negro Author, the same to be used in connection with the exhibit of Negro Authorship in the Paris Exposition of 1900, and later placed in the Library of Congress."

It was soon discovered that, owing to Dr. Spofford's foresight, the Library of Congress was "uncommonly rich in such books and pamphlets," but "no little difficulty was encountered then and subsequently in identifying them." By the time the world exposition at Paris opened in May 1900, however, Mr. Murray had located 1,100 titles written by Negro authors, of which about 500 were forwarded to the exposition. Thomas J. Calloway, special agent for the U.S. Commission at the exposition, wrote that "the most creditable showing in the exhibit is by Negro authors collected by Mr. Daniel Murray of the library of Congress."

After the close of the Paris exposition, Mr. Murray continued to collect works by Afro-American, Afro-European, and West Indian authors and to amass a varied collection of Afro-Americana. At his death in 1925, the library of Congress received by provision of his will a unique collection of some "1,448 volumes and pamphlets, 14 broadsides, and 1 map, with the idea that it should form part of the material especially selected by him for exhibit purposes." The books that had been sent to the Paris exposition were kept together upon their return to the Library. This small collection, along with Mr. Murray's bequest and a few volumes presented to the library by Mrs. Anna Murray after her husband's death, became the "Colored Author Collection." Many of the titles have since been cataloged and added to the general collections.

_The Preliminary List of Books and Pamphlets by Negro Authors, for Paris Exposition and Library of Congress_ (1900), compiled by Daniel Murray, appears to have been the first effort on the part of the Library to draw attention to works by and about Negroes.

In 1906 Appleton Prentiss Clark Griffin, chief of the Division of Bibliography, directed the compilation of a _Select List of References on the Negro Question_, published by the library. It contained entries for 232 books and 286 periodical articles published during the period 1879-1906. The library also published in the same year a _List of Discussions of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments_, which comprised 103 entries. Both bibliographies included titles relating primarily to Negro suffrage and the Negro in the South and were compiled to "meet requests by letter upon topics of current interest."

In 1940, for the 75th anniversary of the proclamation of the 13th amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which abolished slavery, the Library prepared and issued a bibliography of its special materials on the Negro. In connection with this anniversary, the Library also mounted an exhibition of books, manuscripts, and works of art and arranged a series of concerts. The festival of music and the exhibits that opened on December 18, 1940, vividly presented the contribution of the American Negro to American culture.

Without question both scholars and the general public are aware that the Library of Congress has extensive holdings on the Negro, not only printed books and periodicals but also manuscripts, music, prints, photographs, motion pictures, and sound recordings. This awareness is reflected in the steady flow of requests for bibliographies and other guides to Negro studies that the Library receives. The factors that stimulate such requests are rooted in the national--indeed, the worldwide--interest in the American Negro which recent social and cultural events in this country have intensified. For many years the Library has responded to this interest by issuing from time to time typed lists relating to various aspects of Negro life.

The mounting interest in Negro history and culture, manifested particularly by the introduction of courses in these subjects in high school, college, and university curricula, has given rise to a demand for lists of books that can be used to support such studies. The present bibliography is designed to meet the current needs of students, teachers, librarians, researchers, and the general public for introductory guidance to the study of the Negro in the United States.

This bibliography is selective rather than exhaustive. Among the topics covered are the urban Negro, relations between the races, discriminatory practices in all areas, and efforts to obtain political and economic freedom, as well as the education and cultural history of the Negro, his religious life, the social conditions under which he lives, and his historical past. Included are works depicting the lives of outstanding Negroes--abolitionists, fugitive slaves, educators, civil rights leaders, scientists, journalists, religious leaders, artists, athletes, and literary figures.

The selection of many of the titles, especially in the fields of literature and history, was based on the frequency of requests for particular works in large library collections on the Negro and on their inclusion in the numerous bibliographies and reading lists now being compiled for use in junior colleges, colleges, and universities. In addition, bibliographic lists and essays appended to such works as _From Slavery to Freedom_, by John Hope Franklin; _North of Slavery_, by Leon F. Litwack; _The Burden of Race: a Documentary History of Negro-White Relations in America_, by Gilbert Osofsky; _The Negro in the Civil War_, by Benjamin Quarles; _The Black Power Revolt_, edited by Floyd B. Barbour; and _The Negro in the United States_, by E. Franklin Frazier, were consulted. Use was also made of previously published bibliographies such as Monroe Work's _Bibliography of the Negro in Africa and America_ and Erwin A. Salk's _A Layman's Guide to Negro History_.

While some books written especially for children and young people are included, and some of the other publications cited are well adapted to their use, no systematic effort was made to represent material of this type. Lists such as Miles M. Jackson's _Bibliography of Negro History & Culture for Young Readers_ may be used as guides in this field.

Identification of writers by race has not been attempted except in the section on fiction, which lists only novels and short stories written by representative Negro authors. While the writings of white novelists are not cited, the importance of the treatment of Negro characters and the educational, moral, and artistic value of works by such authors as Howard Fast, William Faulkner, Harper Lee, Du Bose Heyward, Julia Peterkin, Lillian Smith, Harriet Beecher Stowe, T. S. Stribling, and Mark Twain are undisputed. Apart from fiction, the publications of both white and Negro writers are included throughout the bibliography.

The compiler gratefully acknowledges the invaluable editorial assistance of Mary Jane Gibson, assistant head of the Bibliography and Reference Correspondence Section, General Reference and Bibliography Division, Library of Congress. Miss Gibson also prepared the index. The compiler wishes to express her appreciation as well to Ruth S. Freitag, head of the Bibliography and Reference Correspondence Section, for helpful suggestions and for assistance in indexing and proofreading, and to Robert H. Land, chief of the General Reference and Bibliography Division, for emphasizing the need for the bibliography and offering encouragement while the work was in progress.

Dorothy B. Porter

_April 1969_

NOTE TO THE USER

_Scope._ The emphasis of this bibliography is on recent monographs in the collections of the library of Congress, although a number of important older works, a few periodicals, and several titles from the holdings of other American libraries are included.

_Arrangement._ Entries are arranged alphabetically by author under broad subject headings that reveal the Negro's part in numerous aspects of American life, culture, and history. An index of names and subjects is provided.

_Annotations._ Entries have been given brief annotations where clarification seemed necessary. Because of the increasing importance for the building of library collections of scholarly reprints of long unavailable classics in Negro literature and history, indication of reprint editions has been made where possible.

_Call numbers and location symbols._ Location of items is indicated either by a Library of Congress call number or location symbol, or, for material in another library, by the National Union Catalog symbol for that library. A key to the symbols used is given on the next page.

KEY TO SYMBOLS

DHU Howard University, Washington, D.C.

DLC Library of Congress (uncataloged)

DLC-LL Library of Congress, Law Library (unclassified)

FU University of Florida, Gainesville

ICN Newberry Library, Chicago, Ill.

ICU University of Chicago

MH Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

NNC Columbia University, New York, N.Y.

NcD Duke University, Durham, N.C.

NcU University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

PSt Pennsylvania State University, University Park

TxU University of Texas, Austin

Vi Virginia State Library, Richmond

*BIBLIOGRAPHY*

01--REFERENCE SOURCES--Bibliographies, Guides, Indexes

1
Abrahamson, Julia. Race relations; a selected list of readings
on racial and cultural minorities in the United States, with
special emphasis on Negroes, by Julia Waxman. Chicago, Julius
Rosenwald Fund, 1945. 47 p. [Z1361.N39A3] [TR: Waxman, Julia.
(New York State Library C, 016.3231, W35).]

2
Baker, Augusta. Books about Negro life for children. Rev. New
York, New York Public Library, 1963. 33 p. Z1361.N39B2 1963
A new edition is in preparation.

3
Bennett, Elaine C. Calendar of Negro-related documents in the
records of the Committee for Congested Production Areas in the
National Archives. Prepared for the Committee on Negro Studies
of the American Council of Learned Societies: Washington,
American Council of Learned Societies, 1949. 100 leaves.
E185.6.B47

3a
Bibliographic survey: the Negro in print, v. 1+ May 1965+
Washington, Negro Bibliographic and Research Center, bimonthly.
Z1361.N39N39
At head of title, May 1965-Mar. 1968: Bibliographic Survey.
Title varies: May 1965-Mar. 1968, _The Negro in Print_.
An annotated list of fiction and nonfiction, paperbacks, and
books for young readers, with occasional periodical articles
and references on poetry and art.

4
Brooks, Alexander D. Civil rights and liberties in the United
States, an annotated bibliography. With a selected list of
fiction and audio-visual materials collected by Albert A.
Alexander and Virginia H. Ellison. New York, Civil Liberties
Educational Foundation, c1962. 151 p. Z7164.L6B7

5
Brown, Warren H. Check list of Negro newspapers in the United
States (1827-1946). Jefferson City, Mo., School of Journalism,
Lincoln University, 1946. 37 p. (Lincoln University journalism
series, no. 2) [Z6951.B88] Z6944.N39B7

6
Chapman, Abraham. The Negro in American literature, and a
bibliography of literature by and about Negro Americans. Stevens
Point, Wisconsin State University [c1966] 135 p. (Wisconsin
Council of Teachers of English. Special publication, no. 15)
DHU; TxU

7
Dickinson, Donald C. A bio-bibliography of Langston Hughes,
1902-1967. With a preface by Arna Bontemps. [Hamden, Conn.]
Archon Books, 1967. 267 p. port. PS3515.U274Z62
An expansion of the author's dissertation, University of
Michigan.
Bibliography: p. 257-262.

8
Dodds, Barbara. Negro literature for high school students.
[Champaign, Ill.] National Council of Teachers of English [1968]
157 p. Z1361.N39D62 [TR: Stanford, Barbara Dodds.]

9
DuBois, William E. B., _ed._ A select bibliography of the Negro
American. A compilation made under the direction of Atlanta
University, together with the Proceedings of the Tenth
Conference for the Study of the Negro Problems, held at Atlanta
University, on May 30, 1905. 3d ed. Atlanta, Atlanta University
Press, 1905. 71 p. (Atlanta University publications, no. 10)
E185.5.A88 v. 10 [Z1361.N39D85]

10
Dumond, Dwight L. A bibliography of antislavery in America. Ann
Arbor, University of Michigan Press [1961] 119 p. Z1249.S6D8

11
Ellis, Ethel M. V., _comp._ The American Negro: a selected
checklist of books. Washington, Negro Collection, Howard
University Library, 1968. 46 leaves. Z1361.N39E4 [TR: Ellis,
Ethel M. Vaughan.]

12
Guzman, Jessie P. George Washington Carver, a classified
bibliography. Tuskegee Institute, Ala. Dept. of Records and
Research, Tuskegee Institute, 1953 [i.e. 1954] 26 p. (Records
and research pamphlet no. 3) Z8150.7.G8 [TR: Guzman, Jessie
Parkhurst]

13
Hall, Woodrow W. A bibliography of the Tuskegee gerrymander
protest; pamphlets, magazine and newspaper articles
chronologically arranged. Tuskegee Institute, Ala., Dept. of
Records and Research, Tuskegee Institute, 1960. 54 leaves.
(Records and research pamphlet no. 8) DLC [TR: Z7164.R4H28]

14
Hampton Institute, _Hampton, Va. Collis P. Huntington Library._
A classified catalogue of the Negro collection in the Collis P.
Huntington Library, Hampton Institute. Compiled by workers of
the Writers' Program of the Works Projects Administration in the
State of Virginia. Sponsored by Hampton Institute. [n.p.] 1940.
255, [35] p. Z1361.N39H3 [TR: Collis P. Huntington Library
(Hampton Institute) 1971]

15
Haywood, Charles. A bibliography of North American folklore and
folksong. 2d rev. ed. v. 1. The American people north of Mexico,
including Canada. New York, Dover Publications [1961] xxx, 748
p. maps (on lining papers) Z5984.U5H32 v. 1
Section on the Negro: p. 430-560.

16
Heartman, Charles F. Phillis Wheatley (Phillis Peters); a
critical attempt and a bibliography of her writings. New York,
For the author, 1915. 44 p. facsims. (part fold.), port.
(Heartman's historical series, no. 7) PS866.W5Z6
"The following essay was written by me originally in German
... now translated by another person."
"A short list of books with contents relating to Phillis
Wheatley": [1] p. at end.

17
Historical Records Survey. _District of Columbia._ Calendar of
the writings of Frederick Douglass in the Frederick Douglass
memorial home, Anacostia, D. C. Prepared by District of Columbia
Historical Records Survey, Division of Professional and Service
Projects, Work Projects Administration. Sponsored by the Board
of Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Washington,
District of Columbia Historical Records Survey, 1940.93 leaves.
Z6616.D7H57

18
Howard University, _Washington, D. C. Library. Moorland
Foundation_. The Arthur B. Spingarn collection of Negro authors.
Washington [1948] [12] p. facsim. Z733.W31M6

18a
Hussey, Edith L., Mary Henderson, _and_ Barbara Marx. The Negro
American; a reading list. [New York, Dept. of Racial and
Cultural Relations, National Council of Churches of Christ in
the USA, 1957] 40 p. (Interracial publication, no. 96)
Z1361.N39I5 no. 96

18b
Index to periodical articles by and about Negroes. Mar. 1950+
Boston, G. K. Hall, quarterly. A13.O4 [TR: E185.5.I55M]
Vols. for 1961+ called v. 2+
Title varies: Mar. 1950-summer 1954, _Index to Selected Negro
Periodicals_.--Fall 1954-fall 1965, _Index to Selected
Periodicals_.
Vols. for 1960+ compiled by Hallie Q. Brown Memorial Library,
Central State College, Wilberforce, Ohio, and the Schomburg
Collection, New York Public Library.
Vols. for Mar. 1950-fall 1959 issued by the Library, Central
State College (called Mar.-Dec. 1950 College of Education and
Industrial Arts).
Decennial cumulation, 1950-59; annual cumulation, 1960+

19
Jackson, Miles M. A bibliography of Negro history & culture for
young readers. Assisted by Mary W. Cleaves and Alma L. Gray.
[Pittsburgh] University of Pittsburgh Press, published for
Atlanta University [c1969] xxxi, 134 p. Z1361.N39J3

20
Johnson, Clifton H., _and_ Carroll G. Barber. The Negro
American, a selected and annotated bibliography for high schools
and junior colleges. Nashville, Tenn., Amistad Research Center
[c1968] 113 p. DHU

21
Kaplan, Louis. A bibliography of American autobiographies,
compiled by Louis Kaplan in association with James Tyler Cook,
Clinton E. Colby, Jr. [and] Daniel C. Haskell. Madison,
University of Wisconsin Press, 1961. 372 p. Z1224.K3
See the index for autobiographies relating to the Negro.

22
Koblitz, Minnie W. The Negro in schoolroom literature; resource
materials for the teacher of kindergarten through the sixth
grade. [New York, Center for Urban Education, 1967?] 67 p.
Z1037.K6
"Research ... was performed pursuant to a contract with the
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Office of Education."

23
Lancaster, Emmer M. A guide to Negro marketing information.
[Washington] U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Business and Defense
Services Administration; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S.
Govt. Print. Off.] 1966. 50 p. illus. HC110.C6L3
Bibliography: p. 7-20.

24
Lewinson, Paul. A guide to documents in the National Archives:
for Negro studies, compiled for the Committee on Negro Studies
of the American Council of Learned Societies. Washington, 1947.
28 p. (American Council of Learned Societies Devoted to
Humanistic Studies. Committee on Negro Studies. Publications,
no. 1) NNC

25
McNamee, Lawrence F. Dissertations in English and American
literature; theses accepted by American, British, and German
universities, 1865-1964. New York, Bowker, 1968. 1124 p.
Z5O53.M32