Chapter XXX: Appendix: IV (1)

THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE NEW FOREST.

As, I am sorry to say, I am entirely ignorant of entomology, Mr. Baker, who possesses one of the finest collections of Lepidoptera in the district, has kindly compiled the following list. For the sake of space the Tineina have been omitted. The arrangement followed is that of Stainton, and the whole list has, to ensure the greatest accuracy, been revised by F. Bond, Esq., F.Z.S. No attempt has been made to classify the rarer and more common species, as both so much vary with the season.

RHOPALOCERA.

GONOPTERYX
Rhamni
COLIAS
Edusa
Hyale
APORIA
Cratægi
PIERIS
Brassicæ
Rapæ
Napi
ANTHOCHARIS
Cardamines
LEUCOPHASIA
Sinapis
ARGE
Galathea
LASIOMMATA
Ægeria
Megæra
HIPPARCHIA
Semele
Janira
Tithonus
Hyperanthus
CŒNONYMPHA
Pamphilus
LIMENITIS
Sibylla
APATURA
Iris
VANESSA
Cardui
Atalanta
Io
Antiopa
Polychloros
Urticæ
ARGYNNIS
Paphia
Adippe
Aglaia
Selene
Euphrosyne
MELITÆA
Artemis
NEMEOBIUS
Lucina
THECLA
Betulæ
Quercus
Rubi
CHRYSOPHANUS
Phlœas
POLYOMMATUS
Argiolus
Alsus
Alexis
Ægon
Agestis
THYMELE
Alveolus
THANAOS
Tages
STEROPES
Paniscus
PAMPHILA
Linea
Sylvanus

SPHENGINA.

PROCRIS
Statices
ANTHROCERA
Trifolii
Loniceræ
Filipendulæ
SMERINTHUS
Ocellatus
Populi
Tiliæ
ACHERONTIA
Atropos
SPHINX
Convolvuli
Ligustri
DEILEPHILA
Galii
CHŒROCAMPA
Elpenor
Porcellus
MACROGLOSSA
Stellatarum
SESIA
Fuciformis
Bombyliformis
SPHECIA
Bembeciformis
TROCHILIUM
Ichneumoniforme
Cynipiforme
Sphegiforme
Tipuliforme
Myopæforme

BOMBYCINA.

HEPIALUS
Hectus
Lupulinus
Humuli
Sylvinus
ZENZERA
Æsculi
COSSUS
Ligniperda
CERURA
Furcula
Vinula
STAUROPUS
Fagi
NOTODONTA
Dromedarius
DRYMONIA
Chaonia
Dodonæa
LEIOCAMPA
Dictæa
Dictæoides
LOPHOPTERYX
Camelina
DILOBA
Cæruleocephala
PETASIA
Cassinia
PERIDEA
Trepida
CLOSTERA
Reclusa
PYGÆRA
Bucephala
PSILURA
Monacha
DASYCHIRA
Fascelina
Pudibunda
DEMAS
Coryli
ORGYIA
Antiqua
STILPNOTIA
Salicis
PORTHESIA
Auriflua
MILTOCHRISTA
Miniata
LITHOSIA
Aureola
Helvola
Stramineola
Complana
Complanula
Griseola
ŒNISTIS
Quadra
GNOPHRIA
Rubricollis
CYBOSIA
Mesomella
NUDARIA
Mundana
Senex
EUTHEMONIA
Russula
ARCTIA
Caja
Villica
NEMEOPHILA
Plantaginis
PHRAGMATOBIA
Fuliginosa
SPILOSOMA
Menthastri
Lubricipeda
DIAPHORA
Mendica
CALLIMORPHA
Jacobææ
EULEPIA
Cribrum
DEIOPEIA
Pulchella
LASIOCAMPA
Rubi
Trifolii
Quercus
ERIOGASTER
Lanestris
PŒCILOCAMPA
Populi
TRICHIURA
Cratægi
CLISIOCAMPA
Neustria
ODONESTIS
Potatoria
GASTROPACHA
Quercifolia
SATURNIA
Pavonia-minor
CILIX
Spinula
PLATYPTERYX
Lacertinaria
DREPANA
Falcataria
Hamula
Unguicula
HETEROGENEA
Asellus
LIMACODES
Testudo

_PSYCHIDÆ._

PSYCHE
Nigricans
Opacella
FUMEA
Radiella

NOCTUINA.

THYATIRA
Derasa
Batis
CYMATOPHORA
Duplaris
Diluta
Flavicornis
Ridens
BRYOPHILA
Perla
DIPHTHERA
Orion
ACRONYCTA
Tridens
Psi
Leporina
Megacephala
Alni
Ligustri
Rumicis
LEUCANIA
Conigera
Turca
Lithargyria
Pudorina
Comma
Impura
Pallens
NONAGRIA
Despecta
Fulva
Typhæ
GORTYNA
Flavago
HYDRŒCIA
Nictitans
Micacea
AXYLIA
Putris
XYLOPHASIA
Rurea
Lithoxylea
Polyodon
Hepatica
DIPTERYGIA
Pinastri
NEURIA
Saponariæ
HELIOPHOBUS
Popularis
CHARÆAS
Graminis
CERIGO
Cytherea
LUPERINA
Testacea
Cæspitis
MAMESTRA
Anceps
Furva
Brassicæ
Persicariæ
APAMEA
Basilinea
Gemina
Oculea
MIANA
Strigilis
Fasciuncula
Literosa
Furuncula
Arcuosa
CELÆNA
Haworthii
GRAMMESIA
Trilinea
ACOSMETIA
Caliginosa
CARADRINA
Morpheus
Alsines
Blanda
Cubicularis
RUSINA
Tenebrosa
AGROTIS
Puta
Suffusa
Saucia
Segetum
Exclamationis
Nigricans
Tritici
Aquilina
Porphyrea
Ravida
TRYPHÆNA
Ianthina
Fimbria
Interjecta
Subsequa
Orbona
Pronuba
NOCTUA
Glareosa
Augur
Plecta
C-nigrum
Triangulum
Brunnea
Festiva
Bella
Umbrosa
Baja
Neglecta
Xanthographa
TRACHEA
Piniperda
TÆNIOCAMPA
Gothica
Rubricosa
Instabilis
Stabilis
Gracilis
Miniosa
Munda
Cruda
ORTHOSIA
Upsilon
Lota
Macilenta
ANCHOCELIS
Rufina
Pistacina
Lunosa
Litura
CERASTIS
Vaccinii
Spadicea
SCOPELOSOMA
Satellitia
DASYCAMPA
Rubiginea
OPORINA
Croceago
XANTHIA
Citrago
Cerago
Silago
Aurago
Gilvago
Ferruginea
TETHEA
Subtusa
Retusa
DICYCLA
Oo
COSMIA
Trapezina
Pyralina
Diffinis
Affinis
EREMOBIA
Ochroleuca
DIANTHŒCIA
Carpophaga
Capsincola
Cucubali
HECATERA
Serena
POLIA
Flavicincta
EPUNDA
Lutulenta
Nigra
Viminalis
MISELIA
Oxyacanthæ
AGRIOPIS
Aprilina
PHLOGOPHORA
Meticulosa
EUPLEXIA
Lucipara
APLECTA
Herbida
Nebulosa
Advena
HADENA
Adusta
Protea
Dentina
Chenopodii
Suasa
Oleracea
Pisi
Thalassina
Contigua
Genistæ
XYLOCAMPA
Lithorhiza
CALOCAMPA
Vetusta
Exoleta
XYLINA
Rhizolitha
Semibrunnea
Petrificata
CUCULLIA
Chamomillæ
Umbratica
HELIOTHIS
Marginata
Dipsacea
ANARTA
Myrtilli
HELIODES
Arbuti
ACONTIA
Luctuosa
ERASTRIA
Fuscula
HYDRELIA
Uncana
BREPHOS
Parthenias
HABROSTOLA
Urticæ
Triplasia
PLUSIA
Chrysitis
Iota
Pulchrina
Gamma
GONOPTERA
Libatrix
AMPHIPYRA
Pyramidea
Tragopogonis
MANIA
Typica
Maura
TOXOCAMPA
Pastinum
STILBIA
Anomala
CATOCALA
Nupta
Promissa
Sponsa
EUCLIDIA
Mi
Glyphica
PHYTOMETRA
Ænea

GEOMETRINA.

URAPTERYX
Sambucaria
EPIONE
Apiciaria
Advenaria
RUMIA
Cratægata
VENILIA
Maculata
ANGERONA
Prunaria
METROCAMPA
Margaritaria
ELLOPIA
Fasciaria
URYMENE
Dolabraria
ERICALLIA
Syringaria
SELENIA
Illunaria
Lunaria
Illustraria
ODONTOPERA
Bidentata
CROCALLIS
Elinguaria
ENNOMOS
Tiliaria
Fuscantaria
Erosaria
Angularia
HIMERA
Pennaria
PHIGALIA
Pilosaria
NYSSIA
Hispidaria
AMPHIDASYS
Prodromaria
Betularia
HEMEROPHILA
Abruptaria
CLEORA
Viduaria
Glabraria
Lichenaria
BOARMIA
Repandaria
Rhomboidaria
Abietaria
Cinctaria
Roboraria
Consortaria
TEPHROSIA
Consonaria
Crepuscularia
Extersaria
Punctularia
GNOPHOS
Obscurata
Pullata
PSEUDOTERPNA
Cytisaria
GEOMETRA
Papilionaria
MEMORIA
Viridata
IODIS
Lactearia
PHORODESMA
Bajularia
HEMITHEA
Thymiaria
EPHYRA
Poraria
Punctaria
Trilinearia
Omicronaria
Orbicularia
Pendularia
HYRIA
Auroraria
ASTHENA
Luteata
Candidata
Sylvata
EUPISTERIA
Heparata
ACIDALIA
Scutulata
Bisetata
Trigeminata
Osseata
Virgularia
Ornata
Incanaria
Marginepunctata
Subsericeata
Immutata
Remutata
Imitaria
Aversata
Emarginata
BRADYEPETES
Amataria
CABERA
Pusaria
Exanthemaria
CORYCIA
Temerata
Taminata
AVENTIA
Flexula
MACARIA
Alternata
Notata
Liturata
HALIA
Vauaria
STRENIA
Clathrata
LOZOGRAMMA
Petraria
NUMERIA
Pulveraria
MÆSIA
Belgiaria
SELIDOSEMA
Plumaria
FIDONIA
Atomaria
Piniaria
MINOA
Euphorbiata
ASPILATES
Strigillaria
ABRAXAS
Grossulariata
LIGDIA
Adustata
LOMASPILIS
Marginata
PACHYCNEMIA
Hippocastanaria
HYBERNIA
Rupicapraria
Lencophæaria
Aurantiaria
Progemmaria
Defoliaria
ANISOPTERYX
Æscularia
CHEIMATOBIA
Brumata
OPORABIA
Dilutata
LARENTIA
Didymata
Multistrigaria
Pectinitaria
EMMELESIA
Affinitata
Alchemillata
Albulata
Decolorata
Unifasciata
EUPITHECIA
Venosata
Linariata
Pulchellata
Centaureata
Succenturiata
Subumbrata
Haworthiata
Pygmæata
Satyrata
Castigata
Irriguata
Denotata
Innotata
Indigata
Nanata
Subnotata
Vulgata
Expallidata
Absinthiata
Minutata
Assimilata
Tenuiata
Dodoneata
Abbreviata
Exiguata
Pumilata
Coronata
Rectangulata
LOBOPHORA
Sexalata
Hexapterata
Viretata
Lobulata
THERA
Variata, _Haw._
Firmaria
HYPSIPETES
Impluviata
Elutata
MELANTHIA
Rubiginata
Ocellata
Albicillata
MELANIPPE
Unangulata
Rivata
Subtristrata
Montanata
Fluctuata
ANTICLEA
Rubidata
Badiata
Derivata
COREMIA
Propugnata
Ferrugata
CAMPTOGRAMMA
Bilineata
Gemmata
SCOTOSIA
Dubitata
Certata
Undulata
CIDARIA
Psittacata
Miata
Picata
Corylata
Russata
Immanata
Suffumata
Silaceata
Prunata
Testata
Fulvata
Pyraliata
Dotata
EUBOLIA
Cervinaria
Mensuraria
Palumbaria
Bipunctaria
Lineolata
ANAITIS
Plagiata
ODEZIA
Chærophyllata

PYRALIDINA.

_DELTOIDES._

HYPENA
Proboscidalis
Rostralis
HYPENODES
Costæstrigalis
RIVULA
Sericcalis
HERMINIA
Barbalis
Tarsipennalis
Nemoralis

_PYRALITES._

PYRALIS
Costalis
Farinalis
Glaucinalis
AGLOSSA
Pinguinalis
CLEDEOBIA
Augustalis
PYRAUSTA
Punicealis
Purpuralis
Ostrinalis
HERBULA
Cæspitalis
ENNYCHIA
Cingulalis
Octomaculalis
ENDOTRICHA
Flammealis
DIASEMIA
Literalis
CATACLYSTA
Lemnalis
PARAPONY
Stratiotalis
HYDROCAMPA
Nymphæalis
Stagnalis
BOTYS
Pandalis
Verticalis
Lancealis
Fuscalis
Urticalis
EBULEA
Crocealis
Sambucalis
PIONEA
Forficalis
SPILODES
Sticticalis
Cinetalis
SCOPULA
Olivalis
Prunalis
Ferrugalis
STENOPTERYX
Hybridalis
NOLA
Cucullatella
Cristulalis
Strigula
SYMAETHIS
Fabriciana
CHOREUTES
Scintillulana

_CRAMBITES._

EUDOREA
Cembræ
Ambigualis
Pyralella
Cratægella
Frequentella
Resinea
Pallida
APHOMIA
Colonella
ACHROIA
Grisella
EPHESTIA
Elutella
HOMÆOSOMA
Nebulella
ACROBASIS
Consociella
Tumidella
CRYPTOBLAB
Bistriga
MYELOIS
Suavella
Advenella
Marmorea
NEPHOPTERY
Abietella
Roborella
PEMPELIA
Dilutella
Formosa
Palumbella
CRAMBUS
Cerussellus
Chrysonychellus
Falsellus
Pratellus
Dumetellus
Sylvellus
Hamellus
Pascuellus
Uliginosellus
Hortuellus
Culmellus
Inquinatellus
Geniculeus
Contaminellus
Tristellus
Pinetellus
Latistrius
Perlellus
CHILO
Forficellus
Phragmitellus

TORTRICINA.

CHLOEPHORA
Prasinana
Quercana
SAROTHRIPA
Revayana
HYPERMECIA
Augustana
EULIA
Ministrana
BRACHYTÆNIA
Semifasciana
ANTITHESIA
Betuletana
Ochroleucana
Cynosbatella
Pruniana
Marginana
Similana
Sellana
PENTHINA
Salicella
SIDERIA
Achatana
DICHELIA
Grotiana
CLEPSIS
Rusticana
TORTRIX
Icterana
Viburnana
Forsterana
Heparana
Ribeana
Cinnamomeana
Corylana
LOZOTÆNIA
Sorbiana
Musculana
Costana
Unifasciana
Fulvana
Roborana
Xylosteana
Rosana
DITULA
Angustiorana
PTYCHOLOMA
Lecheana
NOTOCELIA
Uddmanniana
PARDIA
Tripunctana
SPILONOTA
Roborana
Trimaculana
Amœnana
LITHOGRAPHIA
Campoliliana
Nisella
Penkleriana
PHLÆODES
Tetraquetrana
Immundana
PŒDISCA
Piceana
Solandriana
Opthalmicana (?)
CATOPTRIA
Scopoliana
Hohenwarthiana
HALONOTA
Bimaculana
Cirsiana
Scutulana
Brunnichiana
DICRORAMPHA
Petiverella
Sequana
Politana
Plumbagana
Consortana
COCCYX
Hercyniana
CAPUA
Ochraceana
CARTELLA
Bilunana
HEDYA
Paykulliana
Ocellana
Dealbana
Trimaculana
STEGANOPTYCHA
Nævana
ANCHYLOPERA
Mitterpacheriana
Subarcuana
Biarcuana
Uncana
Lundana
Derasana
Comptana
Siculana
BACTRA
Lanceolana
Furfurana
ARGYROTOXA
Conwayana
DICTYOPTERYX
Contaminana
Lœflingiana
CRŒSIA
Bergmanniana
Forskaleana
Holmiana
HEMEROSIA
Rheediella
OXYGRAPHA
Literana
PERONEA
Schalleriana
Comparana
Tristana
Rufana
Favillaceana
Hastiana
Cristana
Variegana
PARAMESIA
Aspersana
Ferrugana
TERAS
Caudana
PŒCILOCHROMA
Profundana
Corticana
ANISOTÆNIA
Ulmana
ROXANA
Arcuella
SEMASIA
Populana
Spiniana
Wœberiana
Janthinana
EUCELIS
Aurana
EPHIPPIPHORA
Trauniana
Regiana
Argyrana
STIGMONOTA
Nitidana
Wierana
Compositella
Perlepidana
ASTHENIA
Splendidulana
RETINIA
Buoliana
Pinivorana
Sylvestrana
ENDOPISA
Ulicana
Germarana
Puncticostana
CARPOCAPSA
Juliana
Splendana
Pomonana
GRAPHOLITHA
Albensana
Hypericana
Modestana
SPHALEROPTERA
Ictericana
CNEPHASIA
Hybridana
Subjectana
Passivana
Nubilana
EUCHROMIA
Ericetana
Striana
SERICORIS
Conchana
Lacunana
Urticana
Cæspitana
Politana
Latifasciana
Bifasciana
MIXODIA
Schulziana
LOBESIA
Reliquana
PHTHEOCROA
Rugosana
ERIOPSELA
Fractifasciana
CHROSIS
Tesserana
ARGYROLEPIA
Æncana (?)
Baumanniana
Badiana
CALOSETIA
Nigromaculana
EUPŒCILIA
Maculosana
Carduana
Nana
Angustana
Griseana
Roseana
Subroseana
Ruficiliana
LOZOPERA
Francillana
Stramineana
XANTHOSETIA
Hamana
Zœgana
TORTRICODES
Hyemana

PTEROPHORINA.

PTEROPHORUS
Trigonodactylus
Acanthodactylus
Punctidactylus
Bipunctidactylus
Fuscus
Pterodactylus
Tephradactylus
Galactodactylus
Tetradactylus
Pentadactylus
ALUCITA
Polydactyla

Postscript.

As a further addition to my list of plants, I have received the following from A. G. More, Esq., F.L.S.—those without localities being communicated to him by the late Mr. Borrer as found in the Forest:—

Wahlenbergia hederacea, Reich., Ivy-leaved Bell Flower. Near Lyndhurst, 272.

Sium latifolium, Lin., Broad-leaved Water Parsnep. _See_ Bromfield, in the _Phytologist_, vol. iii. p. 403; 464.

Trifolium medium, Lin., _Zigzag_ Trefoil. Near Lyndhurst, 683.

Utricularia intermedia, Hayne, Intermediate Bladderwort, 876.

Carex limosa, Lin., Green-and-Gold Carex, 1244.

A word or two may here be added concerning the only true species of cicada (_Cicada hæmatoides_) which we have in England, and which has hitherto been only found in the New Forest. Mr. Farren, in June, 1858, was fortunate enough to take a specimen sitting on the stem of the common brake, being attracted to it by its peculiar monotonous humming noise. On the second of June, 1862, he captured two others, which rose from the fern, with their curious zigzag flight, and at the same time heard two more.

Mr. Farren, to whom I am indebted for the above information, has kindly sent me the following drawing, made by his brother, from one of the living specimens captured in the Forest.

INDEX.

A
Abbacies, held by William II., at the time of his death, 104
(_foot-note_).
Abbey, Beaulieu, _see_ Beaulieu.
Abbey Walls, the, or St. Leonard’s Grange, 69.
Acquitaine, Eleanor of, buried at Beaulieu Abbey, 67.
Adages, in the Forest, 180;
see also Proverbs.
Adder’s-tongue Fern, 256.
Alanus de Insulis, on the death of William II., 102.
Alexander I., Pope, bull from, 71 (_foot-note_.)
Amberwood Corner, barrows near, 208.
Ambrosius Aurelianus, defeated by Cerdic, 118;
his name preserved in the word Amesbury, 119;
in Ambrose Hole and Ampress Farm, 198.
Ancestry, our, 2.
Anderwood Enclosure, Roman and Romano-British potteries at, 215.
America, Old-English character of its provincialisms, 172.
Anselm, foretold by the Abbot of Cluny of the death of William
II., 101.
Anses Wood, mound near, 209, 210.
“Apostles, the Twelve,” 83.
Assart lands, granted by James I., 43.
Ash, Mark-, Wood, 17.
Ashley Rails, Roman and Romano-British potteries at, 221.
Attachment, Court of, 87.
Augustine, St., injunctions to his canons, 69.
Aurelianus, Ambrosius, _see_ Ambrosius.
Avon, the, at Castle Hill, 118;
at Ibbesley, 120;
at Winkton, 128;
eel peculiar to, 125, 126.
Avon, Valley of the, 116;
the Flora of, 253.
Avon Tyrrel, 126.

B
Babington, Churchill, synopsis of the birds of Charnwood Forest
by, 275.
Baddesley, Preceptory of the Knights Templar formerly at, 156.
Balm, Bastard (_Melittis Melyssophyllum_), in the Forest, 256.
Bandits, troop of, at Lymington, 169.
Bargery Farm, 71.
Barn, or _spicarium_, of Beaulieu Abbey, 69, 70.
Barney Barns Hill, 197 (_foot-note_), 210.
Barrows, named after fairies, 177, 197;
opened by Warner, 198;
in the east part of the Forest, 197 (_foot-note_), 211;
on Sway Common, 198;
on Bratley Plain, 199-205;
near Ocknell Pond, 205, 206;
near Darrat’s Lane, 206 (_foot-note_);
on the West Fritham Plain, 207;
near Amberwood, 208;
on Butt’s Plain, 209;
on Langley Heath, 211.
Barton Cliffs, the, 147;
Middle-Eocene beds of the, 4;
atmospheric effects seen from the, 15, 16;
geology of, 239, 240.
Beacon, Burley, 82.
Beaulieu Abbey, its foundation and endowments, 62;
its dedication, 63;
the Countess of Warwick and Perkin Warbeck come to its
sanctuary, 64;
its dissolution, 65;
beauty of its situation, 65;
the abbot’s house, cloisters, and chapter-house, 66;
church, 67;
refectory, 67, 68;
the pulpit of the refectory, 68;
barn of, 69;
granges of, 69-71.
Beauty, exists in the beholder’s mind, 18, 19;
God’s love of, 127, 128;
the chief end and aim of Nature, 5.
Becton Bunny, 149;
house burnt down, 170;
geology of, 240.
Beeches, measurements of, in the Forest, 16 (_foot-note_).
Bees, folk-lore about, 181.
Bellus Locus, former name of Beaulieu, 62.
Bentley Wood, North, 113.
Beteston Roger, tenure of, at Eyeworth, 114.
Bible, words in the, now provincialisms, 193.
Birds, bones of, discovered amongst the foundations of the Priory
Church, Christchurch, 14 (_foot-note_);
_see_ Ornithology.
Bishop’s Ditch, 79.
Black Bar, large mound at, 210.
Blackheath Meadow, Roman pottery at, 210.
Boghampton, village of, 127.
Boldre, derivation of, 80;
church, 79.
Books, at Beaulieu Abbey, just before the dissolution, 65
(_foot-note_).
Botany of the Forest, 250-257;
contradictions in the, 251;
characterized by its soil, 251, 252;
bog-plants, 252;
_carices_ abundant, 252;
its position under Watson’s system, 253, 254;
its trees, 254;
its St. John’s Worts, 254, 255;
its ferns, 255, 256;
other plants, 256, 257.
(_See_ Appendix II., 289.)
_Bottom_, meaning of the word, 187.
Bowles, Caroline, married to Southey at Boldre church, 80.
Bouvery Farm, 69.
Bramble Hill, oaks at, 16;
view from, 111.
Bramshaw, village of, 111.
Bratley Wood, 113.
Bratley Plain, barrows upon, 113, 199-205.
Breamore, village of, 119.
Brinken Wood, 83.
Brockenhurst, derivation of, 75;
tenure at, 76;
church, 77;
scenery round, 78.
Brook Beds, the, 245, 246.
Brook Common, 111.
Buckholt, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_).
Buckland Rings, Roman coins found at, 154;
described, 199.
Burgate, village of, 120.
Burleigh, Lord, his advice to his son, 1, 2.
Burley, 82;
Lodge, 83.
Bustard, last seen in the Forest, 14 (_foot-note_).
Butt’s Ash Lane, barrows near, 197 (_foot-note_), 211
(_foot-note_).
Butt’s Plain, barrows on, 209.
Buzzard, Honey, breeding habits of, 262-265;
weight of the eggs of the, 264 (_foot-note_);
common, breeding of the, 265, 266.

C
Cadenham Oak, the, 110.
Cadland’s Park, 50.
Calshot Castle, built by Henry VIII., 52;
mentioned by Colonel Hammond, 52 (_foot-note_);
the Cerdices-ora of the _Chronicle_, 53;
different forms of the name, 53, 54.
Canterton, held by Chenna, in _Domesday_, 28.
Canute, Forest laws of, 35;
Charta de Forestâ of, extracts from, 36 (_foot-note_).
Castle Hill, 118.
Castles, so-called, in the Forest, 32.
Catharine’s, St., Hills, 126.
Cattle, right of turning out, in the Forest, 46.
Cerdices-ford, now Charford, 54, 118.
Cerdices-ora, probably Calshot, 52, 53.
Chapel, chantry, of the Countess of Salisbury, 137, 138;
of Robert Harys, 143;
of John Draper, 143.
Charford, the Cerdices-ford of the _Chronicle_, 118.
Charles I., his attempt to revive the Forest laws, 42;
gives the New Forest as security to his creditors, 42;
embarks for Carisbrook from Leap, 56;
seized by Colonel Cobbit, 152;
imprisoned in Hurst Castle, 153, 154;
how treated by Colonel Hammond, 153 (_foot-note_);
by Colonel Cobbit, 154.
Charles II. bestows the young woods of Brockenhurst to the maids
of honour, 43;
encloses three hundred acres for oaks, 44.
Charnwood Forest, the birds of, 275.
Chestnuts, formerly common in the Forest, 13 (_foot-note_).
Chewton Glen, 147, 148.
Chichester, Reginald Pecock, Bishop of, on the legend concerning
the man in the moon, 177.
Chough, its increasing scarcity, 275.
Christchurch, 129;
its Old-English names, 131;
Æthelwald at, 131;
in _Domesday_, 131;
the castle of, 131, 132;
Norman House at, 132;
Chamberlains’ Books of, 135 (_foot-note_);
Priory Church of, 135, 141-144;
the conventual buildings of, 138, 139;
legend of the Priory Church of, 175.
_Chronicle, The_, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25, 26;
the great value of its evidence, 23.
Church, its date should be told by its style, 123.
Churches in the Forest mentioned by _Domesday_, still in part
standing, 31.
Church Green, in Eyeworth Wood, 32 (_foot-note_).
Church Lytton, at Wootton, 32, 33 (_foot-note_).
Church Moor, near Mark Ash, 32 (_foot-note_).
Church Place, at Sloden, 32 (_foot-note_).
Churchwardens’ Books, at Ellingham,
extracts from, 229-231;
at Fordingbridge, extracts from, 230, 231.
Chydioke, effigy of Sir John, in the Priory Church of
Christchurch, 142, 176, 177.
Clay Hill, view from, 86.
Cluny, Hugh, Abbot of, foretells the death of William II., 101.
Coleridge, at Mudeford, 145.
Colgrimesmore, the ancient name of Souley Pond, 72.
Commoners, rights of the, in the New Forest, 46.
_Coronella lævis_, 259 (_foot-note_).
Corporation Books, extracts from the Christchurch, 135, 136
(_foot-note_);
from the Lymington, 155 (_foot-note_).
Court, Moyles, 120, 121.
Crockle, Roman and Romano-British
potteries at, 217-219;
their probable date, 222.
Cross, the Staple, 146;
the, at Bargate, 120.
Cuckoo, sayings concerning the, 180.
Customs, old, in the Forest, 178.

D
Dame Slough, 273.
Dauphin of France, arms of the, formerly in Boldre Church, 80;
embarked at Leap, 55.
Defoe, his plan for colonizing the Forest with the Palatine
refugees, 47.
Deer in the Forest, abolished in 1851, 46;
a few left, 113.
Deer-stealing, method of, 171.
Denny Wood, 79;
heronry at, 273.
Dibden, church at, 50, 51 (_foot-note_).
Diodorus Siculus, quotation from, 57 (_foot-note_).
Dissolution of the religious houses, its need, 64, 137;
of Beaulieu Abbey, 65;
of Christchurch Priory, 138.
_Domesday_, analysis and evidence of, on the afforestation of the
New Forest, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31;
churches in the Forest still in part remaining mentioned in,
31;
Eling in, 51 (_foot-note_);
Redbridge in, 51 (_foot-note_);
Lyndhurst in, 87 (_foot-note_);
Fordingbridge in, 117;
Christchurch in, 131;
mills in, rented by a payment of eels, 128, 119 (_foot-note_);
Ringwood in, 123 (_foot-note_);
Christchurch in, 131;
Beckley, Baishley, and Milton in, 148 (_foot-note_);
Lymington in, 155.
Draper, John, the last prior of Christchurch Priory, character of,
137, 138.
Drift, in the Forest, its contents, 236.
Durham, Simon of, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25
(_foot-note_);
on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_).

E
Eagle, golden, the, 260;
sea, the, 261.
Eaglehurst, 59.
Easter Sepulchre, at Brockenhurst Church, 77.
_Ecclesiastica, or the Book of Remembrance_, 122 (_foot-note_).
Edward I. issues writs for the perambulation of the Forest, 41;
possesses the Castle of Christchurch, 132.
Edward III., corbel head of, in Sopley Church, 127.
Edward VI. at Christchurch, 134.
Eel, peculiar to the Avon, an, 125.
Eels, mills rented by a payment of, 119 (_foot-note_), 128.
Eling, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_);
extract from parish register of, 228.
Ellingham, cross roads at, 120;
Church of, 122, 123;
extract from Churchwardens’ Books of, 229, 230, 231.
England, its peculiar interest to Englishmen, 2;
ignorance of, by Englishmen, 2.
Everton, etymology of, 75.
Exbury, 59;
herons feeding near, 273.
Exe, the river, 69;
derivation of, 163.

F
Fairies in the New Forest, 174, 175.
Falcon, peregrine, 261.
Fawley, village of, 51;
church, 51;
Norman doorway of church, 59.
Ferns in the Forest, 255, 256.
Ferrels, or “Verrels,” meaning of, 82.
_Fidley, Wood-, rain_, meaning of, 79.
Flambard, hated by the clergy, 102;
builds the Priory Church of Christchurch, 136.
Florence of Worcester, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24;
on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_).
Flowers. See Botany.
Folk-lore, value of, 173; in the New Forest, 174-180.
Font, Norman, at Brockenhurst, 77.
Fordingbridge, 117;
church of, 118;
ancient tenure at, 117 (_foot-note_);
extracts from Churchwardens’ Books of, 230, 231.
Forest, meaning of the word, 10 (_foot-note_);
government of an ancient, 35, 36;
life in an ancient, 36 (_foot-note_).
Forest-Laws. _See_ Laws.
Forest Rights. _See_ Rights.
Frame Wood, 78, 79.
Fritham, country round, 114.
Fritham Plain, East, 113;
West, 114.
Fulchered and William II., 94, 102.

G
Gemeticensis, Gulielmus, on the afforestation of the New Forest,
23.
Geology, the, of the Forest, 234;
in the Eocene period, 235;
the drift and its contents, 236;
the Middle-Eocene of the Hordle and Barton Cliffs, 237-242;
the Bracklesham Beds in the valley of Canterton, 242-248;
the great aim of, 248.
Gilpin, author of _Forest Scenery_,
his love for Nature, 15 (_foot-note_);
buried in Boldre churchyard, 79, 80.
Gipsies, principal families of, in the Forest, 159;
their marriages, 159;
their present mode of life, 159, 160.
Godshill, in Gough’s time, 14 (_foot-note_).
Goreley Bushes, vast Keltic graveyard near, 207.
Government, duty of, to protect the finest trees in the Forest,
18.
Grange, St. Leonard’s, 69;
barn and chapel at, 70;
Park, 71;
Somerford, 138, 147.
Guest, Dr., on Natan-Leaga, 33 (_foot-note_);
on Cerdices-ora, 53;
on the “Belgic Ditches,” 130;
on the “Early English Settlements in South Britain,” 163
(_foot-note_), 166 (_foot-note_).
Guesten-hall, the, of the Abbot’s House at Beaulieu, 66.

H
Hall, _Union of the Families of Lancaster and York_, by, quotation
from, 151.
Handycross Pond, barrow near, 209.
Harriers, marsh and hen, 268.
Hat, meaning of, in the Forest, 182, 183.
Hatchet Gate, 75.
Hawfinches, in the Forest, 274, 275.
Heather, its one defect, 81.
Hengistbury Head, derivation of, 165.
Hemingburgh, Walter, on the afforestation, 25 (_foot-note_);
on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_).
Henry III., confirmation of privileges to Beaulieu Abbey, by, 63.
Henry VIII., patriotism of, 151, 152.
Herbert’s _Memoirs_, 153, 154.
Herons in the Forest, 273, 274.
High Cliff Beds, the, 242.
Hill Top, 59, 61.
Hinchelsea, Bottom and Knoll, 81.
History, our, written on the country, 2, 129;
tradition, value of, in history, 97, 98;
truth in, 106.
Hoadley, Bishop, on the deer in Waltham Chase, 171.
Hob, Fairy, 175 (_foot-note_).
Hobby, the, 261;
weight of the eggs of, 264 (_foot-note_).
Holland’s Wood, near Brockenhurst, 78.
Holly, springing up in the Forest, 12 (_foot-note_).
Holme Bush, explanation of a, 179.
Holmsley, 81, 82.
Honey, the Forest, 184.
Hoopoe, its occurrence, 274.
Hordle, its church, when built, 31 (_foot-note_);
churchyard, 150;
Freshwater deposits at, 237.
“Horse, the Great,” 126 (_foot-note_).
House, Burman’s, at Beaulieu, 66.
House, Norman, at Christchurch, 132.
House, the Queen’s, at Lyndhurst, 87.
Hoveden, Roger, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25
(_foot-note_);
on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_).
Howard, the philanthropist, lived at Watcombe, 75.
Huntingdon, Henry of, on the afforestation, 25 (_foot-note_);
on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_).
Hurst, meaning of the word, 35.
Hurst Beach, 151;
Castle, built by Henry VIII., 151;
Charles at, 152-154;
importance of, 152 (_foot-note_).
Hyde or Hungerford, 120.
Hythe, village of, 50.

I
Ibbesley, view at, 120;
extracts from parish register of, 232, 233.
Ictis, the Isle of Wight, 57, 58.
Idleness, profitable, 90.
Innocent III., grants the right of a sanctuary to Beaulieu Abbey,
63.
Insulis, Alanus de, on the death of William II., 102.
Iron’s Hill Wood, 75.
Iron-works at Souley Pond, 72.
Isabella de Fortibus, her possessions at Christchurch, 132;
at Lymington, 154.
Island Hills, the, 78.
Island Thorn, Roman and Romano-British Potteries at, 220.

J
James I. grants twenty assart-lands in the Forest, 43.
Jar-bird, meaning of a, 187.
John, King, his oppression of the Cistercian order, 61;
founds Beaulieu Abbey, 62.

K
Kalkesore, old name of Calshot, 54.
Keltic element in the dialect of the New Forest, 163;
in the topography, 164.
Kestrel, eggs of, weight of the, 264.
“Keystone under the hearth,” meaning of the proverb, 170.
King’s Day, the, explanation of, 231.
King’s Rue, 56.
Kitts Hill, 91.
Knives, flint, found at Eyeworth, 297 (_foot-note_).
Knoll, Black, 78, 84.
Knyghton, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24;
his authority of no value, 95 (_foot-note_).
Knyghtwood Oak, the, 16.

L
Labourers in the New Forest, average wages of, 47 (_foot-note_).
Lane, Jane, 121.
Langley Heath, barrows on, opened by the Rev. J. P. Bartlett, 211.
Lappenberg, his account of the afforestation of the New Forest by
William I., 21;
on the Ictis of the ancients, 56.
Latchmore Pond, 81, 199.
Lawrence, the sprite, in the Forest, 174.
Law-Courts, last of the Forest, 12, 87.
Laws, Forest-, Canute’s, 35;
made still severer by William I., 38;
Charles I., attempts to revive, 42.
Leap, 55;
the spot where the Dauphin, Louis VIII. of France, embarked,
55;
where Charles I. embarked, 56;
British and Roman road at, 56;
mass of tin found near, 57.
Lease to, meaning of, 193.
Leighton, Mr., fresco in Lyndhurst church by, 88.
Leland on the death of William II., 96 (_foot-note_).
Lepidoptera, list of the Forest, Appendix IV., 319.
Lewis, Sir George C., on the Ictis of the ancients, 57;
his theory corroborated, 58.
Lichens, used as specifics in the Forest, 176.
Lichmore Pond, 81, 199.
Life, modern, its hurry and confusion, 73.
Liney Hill Wood, 83.
Lisle, Alice, 121.
Loute, to, meaning of, 188.
Lungs of oak (_Sticta pulmonaria_), used as a specific for
consumption, 176.
Lung-wort, narrow-leaved, the, 69, 256.
Lymington, port of, 154;
its history, 155, 156;
extracts from the Corporation Books of, 155 (_foot-note_).
Lyndhurst, derivation of, 86 (_foot-note_);
church of, 87;
scenery round, 89, 90;
ancient tenure at, 86, 87;
woods round, 90, 91.

M
Malmesbury, William of, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25
(_foot-note_);
on the death of William II., 93, 94 (_foot-note_), 95
(_foot-note_);
on the physical appearance of William II., 99 (_foot-note_).
Map, Ordnance, mistake of the, 128 (_foot-note_).
Mapes, Walter, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24.
Mark Ash Wood, 17.
Mead, made in the New Forest, 184.
Merlin, breeding of the, in the Forest, 267, 268 (_foot-note_);
weight of supposed egg of, 161, 264.
Middle Marine Bed, the, at Mineway, 237, 238.
Milford, church of, 150, 151.
Millaford Brook, the, 83, 90.
Mills in the New Forest, comparative value of, by _Domesday_, 29;
rented by a payment of eels, in _Domesday_, 119 (_foot-note_).
Milton, words used by, now provincialisms, 191.
Milton, village of, mentioned in _Domesday_, 148 (_foot-note_).
Minestead, 92.
Monastery, average library of a, 65 (_foot-note_);
life in a, 72, 73.
Monmouth’s Ash, 122.
Monmouth, capture of, 122;
writes to James, the Queen Dowager, and the Lord Treasurer,
123.
Moon-Hill Woods, the, 75.
Morefalls, the Lord Treasurer, Southampton, on the evils of
granting, 43, 44 (_foot-note_).
Moyles Court, 120, 121.
Moyne, William le-, tenure of, at Lyndhurst, 87.
Mudeford, 146.

N
Natan-Leaga, the name preserved, 33.
Nation, history of a, how best read, 224;
its æsthetic life, how best determined, 224, 225.
Nature, beauty the end and aim of, 5;
her care for trees, 10;
the proper spirit with which to see, 19.
Natural history, its value, 235, 276.
Needsore, 54;
derivation of, 165.
Netley Abbey Church, ruins of, 49;
fort, 49, hospital, 50.
New Forest, the; its connection with our history, 3;
scenery of, 4;
trees of, 16, 17;
in the winter, 18;
its boundaries in the reign of Edward I., 20, 21;
its afforestation by William I., 21;
value of land in _Domesday_, 29;
geology of, 4, 10, 29, 30, 234-249;
botany of, 250, 257 (_see_ also Appendix II., 289);
ornithology of, 258-276 (_see_ also Appendix III., 307);
churches of, 4;
the first and second perambulations of, 40;
character of the second perambulation of, 41, 42;
hills of, 10;
its former woody nature proved by the local nomenclature, 33;
general character of, 11;
in the time of the Normans, 12, 13;
changes in, 12;
granted as security by Charles I. to his creditors, 42;
its neglected state under the Stuarts, 43, 44;
William III. legislates for, 44;
statistics of, 40, 47 (_foot-note_);
present management of, 47 (_foot-note_);
assart lands in, granted by James I., 42;
hurricane in, 44;
ethnology of, 160, 161;
smuggling in, 169, 170;
deer-stealing in, 171;
folk-lore of, 173, 180;
poetry of, 176;
love superstitions of, 179;
proverbs of, 179;
local sayings, 179;
provincialisms of, 181, 195 (_see_, also, Appendix I., 279);
traditions in, 96, 97, 180, 181;
barrows of, 196-213;
Parish Registers and Churchwardens’ Books of, 226-233;
Lepidoptera of, Appendix IV., 319.
New Park, 86.
Nodes, the, 197.

O
Oak, the Cadenham, 110.
Oaks, character of in the Forest, 16;
measurements of, 16 (_foot-note_);
“bustle-headed,” meaning of, 183.
Ocknell Wood, 113.
Onomatopoieia, its occurrence amongst provincialisms, 186.
Ordnance map, mistake of, 126 (_foot-note_).
Ore Creek, 54 (_foot-note_).
Ornithology of the Forest, 260;
white-tailed eagle, 260;
osprey, 261;
hobby, breeding of the, 261;
honey-buzzard, breeding habits of, 261, 263, 265;
common buzzard, breeding habits of, 265;
merlin, nesting of, 267, 268 (_foot-note_);
harriers, 268;
owls, 269;
raven, breeding of, 270;
winter birds, 271;
woodpeckers, 272;
herons, 273;
hawfinches, 274;
chough, 275;
census of birds, 275 (_see_ also Appendix III., 307).
Ovest, meaning of, 183.
Oxenford and Oxford, true derivation of, 80.

P
Paris, Matthew, on William II.’s death, 94 (_foot-note_), 95
(_foot-note_).
Parish Registers. See Registers.
Park Grange, 71.
Park, New, 86.
Pennington, the village of, 153.
Perambulation of the New Forest, the first, 40;
the second, 40, 41;
character of the second, 41, 42.
Pignel Wood, 272, 273.
Pigs, right of turning out, in the Forest, 46;
breed of in the Forest, peculiar, 259.
Pitt’s Enclosure, Roman and Romano-British potteries, at, 220.
Pliny on the Isle of Wight, 57 (_foot-note_).
Poetry of the New Forest, character of, 175, 176 (_foot-note_).
Ponies, Forest, 259.
Potteries, Roman and Romano-British, 214;
at Crockle, first discovered by the Rev. J. Pemberton
Bartlett, 215;
at Anderwood, 215;
at Oakley, 215;
at Sloden, 216;
at the Lower Hat, 217;
at Crockle, description of, 218, 219;
at Island Thorn, 220;
at Pitt’s Enclosure, 220;
at Ashley Rails, 221;
at Black Heath, 221.
Provincialisms, Keltic element in the New Forest, 163;
the real character of, 173;
in the New Forest, 181-195.
(_See_ also Appendix I., 279).
Proverbs in the Forest, 179.
Puck, the fairy, in the Forest, 174;
names of fields, and woods, and barrows, derived from him,
175.
Puckpit’s Wood, 112, 113.
Pulpit, the, of Beaulieu Refectory, 68.
Purkess, family of, 97.

Q
Quarr Abbey, 155.
Queen’s Bower Wood, the, 83.
Queen’s Mead, the, 83.
Queen’s North, 11, 113, 114.

R
Raven, its breeding in the Forest, 270.
Reachmore Barrow, 113.
Redbridge, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_).
Redstart, Black, its periodical occurrence in the Forest, 274.
Refectory of Beaulieu Abbey, now the parish church, 67;
pulpit of, 68.
Registers, Parish, at Eling, extract from, 227, 228;
at Ibbesley, extracts from, 233, 234;
at Christchurch, 234;
date of registers in the Forest, 227 (_foot-note_).
Reredos, in the Priory Church of Christchurch, 140, 141;
in St. Mary’s Overie, 141 (_foot-note_).
Rere-mouse, meaning of, 192.
Rhinefield, nursery at, 47.
Rich and poor, difference between, 5.
Rights, Forest-, their origin, 36 (_foot-note_), 46 (_foot-note_).
Ringwood, 123;
fine brass at, 124.
Rodford, derivation of, 166.
Romans, why they chose the New Forest for their potteries, 224;
their influence on the district, 225.
_See_ also Potteries and Buckland Rings.
Rood-screen in Ellingham Church, 122;
at Christchurch, 140.
Rose, the _Red King_ by, 33 (_foot-note_);
_Gundimore_, extract from his, 146, 147 (_foot-note_).
Ross, John, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25
(_foot-note_).
Rue Copse, 56.
Rue, King’s, 56.

S
Salisbury Chapel, the, in the Priory Church of Christchurch, 141.
Salisbury, Countess of, her execution, 141, 142.
Salisbury, John of, on the character of William II., 99
(_foot-note_);
on William II.’s death, 106.
Sanctuary of Beaulieu, the right of, given by Innocent III., 63;
the Countess of Warwick flies to the, 64;
Perkin Warbeck, flies to, 64.
Sandyballs, 118.
Screen, Rood-, in Ellingham Church, 122;
in the Priory Church of Christchurch, 140.
Sepulchre, Easter, in Brockenhurst Church, 77.
Serlo and William II., 93, 94.
Setthornes, 81.
Shade, meaning of the word in the Forest, 181, 182.
Shakspeare, words used by, now provincialisms, 189.
Sheets-axe, meaning of the word, 183.
Shepherd’s Gutter Beds, the, 244, 245.
Shrewsbury, Fulchered, Abbot of St. Peter’s at, prophetic words
spoken by, 94 (_foot-note_), 102.
Sloden, Roman and Romano-British potteries at, 216.
Sloden Hole, plan of, 217 (_foot-note_).
Smoke Silver, 178 (_foot-note_);
explanation of, 232.
Smuggling, formerly carried on in the Forest, 169, 170.
Snow-storm, great, in the Forest, 180, 181.
Solent, traditions concerning the former depth of, 58.
Somerford Grange, 147.
Songs of the New Forest, 175, 176 (_foot-note_).
Sopley, derivation of, 127;
church of, 127.
Southey, married his second wife at Boldre Church, 80;
at Burton, 146.
Southampton, the Lord Treasurer, on the evils of granting
moorefalls, 43, 44 (_foot-note_).
Southampton, Sir Bevis of, 3;
ships built by Henry V. at, 4.
Souley Pond, 72;
iron-works at, 72.
Spelman, Peter, tenure at Brockenhurst held by, 76.
Spotswood, blunder of, 24 (_foot-note_).
Squoyles, meaning of the word, 183.
St. John’s Worts in the Forest, 254, 255.
Staneswood, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_).
Staple Cross, the, 145.
Stone, Rufus’s, 96, 97.
Stoney-Cross, views from, 110, 112.
Streams, character of the Forest, 14;
the best guide, 17;
beauty of, 83, 84.
Sunsets in the Forest, 15, 113;
from the Barton Cliffs, 149, 150.
Swanimote, Court of, 35.
Sway Common, 80, 81;
barrows on, 198, 199.

T
Thorougham, now Fritham, the Truham of _Domesday_, 96
(_foot-note_).
Tiril, Walter, William II. gives him two arrows, 93;
according to the Chroniclers shoots the King, 94;
his declaration to Suger, 106;
his implication in the murder, 106;
the cause of his supposed flight, 106;
his friendship with Anselm, 102.
Towns, historical interest in English, 129, 130;
their history, the history of the day, 130.
Tradition, its value in history, 97, 98.
Traditions in the Forest, 96, 97, 180, 181.
Trail of oak, the, meaning of, 183.
Travelling, modern, style of, 2.
Tree-forms, loveliness of, 9.
Trees, their comparative value as standing and cut, 18;
in the Forest, 254.
Truth, involuntarily perverted, 22.
Tweonea, the ancient name of Christchurch, 131.
Tyrrel’s Ford, 97, 126.

U
Urns found in Bratley barrow, 201, 202;
in Hilly Accombs barrow, 206 (_foot-note_);
in various other barrows, 211 (_foot-note_);
pieces of, in different barrows, 200, 204, 205, 207, 208.
Usnea barbata, its abundance in the Forest, 91 (_foot-note_).

V
Valley of the Avon, its character, 116.
Van-winged hawk, the, of the Forest, 261.
“Vineyards, the,” at Beaulieu Abbey, 67.
Vinney, meaning of the word, 190.
Vinney Ridge, 82, 83;
heronry at, 273.
Vitalis on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24;
on William II.’s death, 94, 95.

W
Wages, average, of labourers in the New Forest, 47 (_foot-note_).
Walking, advantages of, over driving, 6.
Warbeck, Perkin, takes refuge at Beaulieu Abbey, 64.
Warwick, Countess of, takes refuge at Beaulieu Abbey, 64.
Wendover, Roger, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25
(_foot-note_).
West-Saxons, superstitious character of, still observable, 160,
161;
love of sport, 162;
peculiarity of dress, 162;
verbal characteristics of, 167.
Westminster, Matthew of, on the death of William II., 95
(_foot-note_).
Whitebeams at Sloden, 114;
at Castle Malwood, 254.
Whiteshoot, square barrow near, 207.
Wight, Isle of, atmospheric effects on the, 15;
the Ictis of the ancients, 57, 58;
Pliny on, 57 (_foot-note_), 236.
William I., his character, 21, 22;
his right to make a forest, 23;
possessions in the Forest, 23 (_foot-note_);
his love for the chase, 34;
his cruelty and oppression, 22, 38.
William II., his dream, as recorded, on the night before his
death, 92, 93;
his speech to the monk from Gloucester, 94;
his death, 94;
his body brought to Winchester Cathedral, 95;
his brother and nephew killed in the Forest, 98;
his character, 99 (_foot-note_);
the events of his reign, 100 (_foot-note_);
the cause of his death, 101, 102, 103;
hated by his clergy, 104;
plots against his life, 104, 105;
his death read by his life, 108.
William III., his legislation for the Forest, 44;
not attended to, 45.
Wilverley Plantations, 81.
Wood, how sold for fuel in the Forest, 46.
Woodcocks, their breeding in the Forest, 269.
Woodmote, Court of, 87.
Woodpecker, great black, breeding of the, 272.
Woods, their beauty, 8;
as dwelt upon by our English poets, 9 (_foot-note_);
how valued in _Domesday_, 11, 12 (_foot-note_);
round Lyndhurst, 89, 90.
Woollen, affidavits of burials in, 232, 233.
Wootton plantations, 81;
woodcocks breed in, 269, 270.
Worcester, Florence of. _See_ Florence.

Y
Yaffingale, local name for the green woodpecker, 272.
Yarranton, his report upon making the Avon navigable, 134;
on the ironstone of the coast, 151.
“Yellow as a kite’s claw, as,” a Forest proverb, 179.
Yews, measurements of various, 78 (_foot-note_), at Sloden, 114.
Ytene, the district of, 33, 163.
Yvery, Roger de, leads the Midland barons, 105;
possessed land at Lymington, 155.

FOOTNOTES

[1]_Political Pieces and Songs relating to English History._ Edited by
Thomas Wright. Vol. ii., p. 199.

[2]It is worth noticing how, according to their natures, our English
poets have dwelt upon the meaning of the woods, from Spenser, with
his allegories, to the ballad-singer, who saw them only as a
preserve for deer. Shakspeare touches upon them with both that
joyful gladness, peculiar to him, and the deep melancholiness, which
they also inspire. Shelley and Keats, though in very different ways,
both revel in the woods. To Wordsworth they are “a map of the whole
world.” Of course, under the names of woods, and any lessons from
them, I speak only of such lowland woods as are known chiefly in
England; not dense forests shutting out light and air, without
flowers or song of birds, whose effect on national poetry and
character is quite the reverse to that of the groves and woodlands
of our own England. See what Mr. Ruskin has so well said on the
subject. _Modern Painters_, vol. v., part vi., ch. ix., § 15, pp.
89, 90; and, also in the same volume, part vii., chap. iv., § 2, 3,
pp. 137-39; and compare vol. iii., part iv., ch. xiv., § 33, pp.
217-19.

[3]In the lower part of the Forest, near the Channel, the effect is
quite painful, all the trees being strained away from the sea like
Tennyson’s thorn. It is the _Usnea barbata_ which covers them,
especially the oaks, with its hoary fringe, and gives such a
character to the whole Forest.

[4]The reader must bear in mind that the word “forest” is here used, as
it is always throughout the district, in its primitive sense of a
wild, open space. And the moors and plains are still so called,
though there may not be a single tree growing upon them. (See chap.
iii., p. 35, foot-note.)

[5]The woods, in _Domesday_, are, as we shall see, generally valued by
the number of swine they maintain.

[6]For a justification of this general picture, I must refer the reader
to the next chapter, where references to _Domesday_, as to the state
of the district before its afforestation by the Conqueror, and the
evidence supplied by the names of places, are given. I may add, as
showing the former nature of the woods, that the charcoal found in
the barrows, embankments, and the Roman potteries, is made from oak
and beech, but principally the latter. Since, too, the deer have
been destroyed, young shoots of holly are springing up in all
directions, and another generation may, perhaps, see the Forest
resembling its old condition. As a proof, beside the entry in
_Domesday_, that the Hordle Cliffs were covered with timber, the
fishermen dredging for the _septaria_ in the Channel constantly drag
up large boles of oaks, locally known as “mootes.” The existence of
the chestnut is shown by the large beams in some of the old Forest
churches, as at Fawley; but none now exist, except a few,
comparatively modern, though very fine, at Boldrewood. Further, the
Forest could never, except in the winter, have been very swampy, as
the gravelly formation of the greater part of the soil supplies it
with a natural drainage. Still, there were swamps, and in the wet
places large quantities of bog-oak have been dug up, bearing
witness, as in other countries, of an epoch of oaks, which preceded
the beech-woods. Gough, in his additions to Camden’s _Britannia_,
vol. i., p. 126, describes Godshill as being in his day covered with
thick oaks. When, too, Lewis wrote in 1811, old people could then
recollect it so densely covered with pollard oaks and hollies that
the road was easily lost. (_Historical Enquiries on the New Forest_,
p. 79, Foot-note.) No one, I suppose, now believes that wolves were
extirpated by Edgar. They and wild boars are expressly mentioned in
the Laws of Canute (_Manwood: a Treatise of the Lawes of the
Forest_, _f._ 3, § 27, 1615), and lingered in the north of England
till Henry VIII.’s reign. (See further on the subject, _The Zoology
of Ancient Europe_, by Alfred Newton, p. 24.) I have hesitated,
however, to include the beaver, though noticed by Harrison, who
wrote in 1574, as in his time frequenting the Taf, in Wales
(_Description of England_, prefixed to Holinshed’s _Chronicle_, ch.
iv. pp. 225, 226.) The eggs of cranes, bustards, and bitterns, were,
we know, protected as late as the middle of the sixteenth century.
(_Statutes of the Realm_, vol. iii., p. 445, 25^o Henry VIII., ch.
xi., § 4; and vol. iv., p. 109, 3^o, 4^o, Ed. VI., ch. vii.) The
last bustard was seen in the Forest, some twenty-five years ago, on
Butt’s Plain, near Eyeworth. It is a sad pity that the enormous
collection of birds’ bones, described as chiefly those of herons and
bitterns, found by Brander amongst the foundations of the Priory
Church at Christchurch (see _Archæologia_, vol. iv., pp. 117, 118),
were not preserved, as they might have yielded some interesting
results. We must, however, still bear in mind that there are far
more points of resemblance than of difference between the Forest of
to-day and that of the Conqueror’s time; especially in the long
tracts of fern and heath and furze, which certainly then existed,
pastured over by flocks of cattle.

[7]_Remarks on Forest Scenery, illustrated by the New Forest_, vol. ii.,
pp. 241-46; third edition. Some mention should here be made of
Gilpin, a man who, in a barren, unnatural age, partook of much of
the same spirit as Cowper and Thompson, and whose work should be
placed side by side with their poems. Unfortunately, much of his
description is now quite useless, as the Forest has been so much
altered; but the real value of the book still remains unchanged in
its pure love for Nature and its simple, unaffected tone. It is well
worth, however, noticing—as showing the enormous difficulty of
overcoming an established error—that, notwithstanding his true
appreciation of bough-forms (see vol. i., pp. 110-12, same edition),
and his hatred of pollarded shapes, and all formalism (same vol., p.
4), he had not sufficient force to break through the conventional
drawing of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth
centuries, and his trees (see, as before, pp. 252-54) are all drawn
under the impression that they are a gigantic species of cabbage.
The edition, however, published in 1834, and edited by Sir T. D.
Lauder, is, in this and many other respects, far better.

[8]The following measurements may have, perhaps, an interest for some
readers:—Girth of the Knyghtwood oak, 17 ft. 4 in.; of the Western
oak at Boldrewood, 24 ft. 9 in.; the Eastern, 16 ft.; and the
Northern, in the thickest part, 20 ft. 4 in.; though, lower down,
only 14 ft. 8 in.; beech at Studley, 21 ft.; beech at Holmy Ridge,
20 ft. The handsomest oak, however, in the district, stands a few
yards outside the Forest boundary, close to Moyle’s Court, measuring
18 ft. 8½ in.

[9]_England under the Anglo-Norman Kings._ Ed. Thorpe, p. 214.

[10]The same, p. 266.

[11]_The Chronicle._ Ed. Thorpe. Vol. i. p. 354. This, of course, must
not be too literally taken. It is one of those stock phrases which
so often recur in literature, and may be found, under rather
different forms, applied to other princes.

[12]Voltaire was the first to throw any doubt on the generally received
account (_Essai sur les Mœurs et l’Esprit des Nations_, tom. iii.
ch. xlii. p. 169. _Panthéon Littéraire._ Paris, 1836). He has in
England been followed by Warner (_Topographical Remarks on the
South-Western Parts of Hampshire_, vol. i. pp. 164-197), and Lewis,
in his _Historical Enquiries concerning the New Forest_, pp. 42-55.

[13]Concerning the King’s prerogative to make a forest wherever he
pleased, and the ancient legal maxim that all beasts of the chase
were exclusively his and his alone, see Manwood—_A Treatise of the
Lawes of the Forest_, ch. ii. ff. 25-33, and ch. iii. sect. i. f.
33, 1615. We must remember, too, that, before the afforestation,
William not only owned by right of conquest, as being King, the
large demesne lands of the Crown in the district, and also those
estates of former possessors, who had fallen at Hastings, or fled
into exile, but, as we know from _Domesday_, kept some—as at Eling,
Breamore, and Ringwood—in his own hands.

[14]Bouquet. _Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France_, tom.
xi., pref., No. xii. p. 14; and tom. xii., pref., No. xlix. pp.
46-48. Some account of him may be found in tom. x. p. 184, foot-note
_a_, and in the preface of the same volume, No. xv. p. 28. See also
preface to tom. viii., No. xxxi., p. 24, as also p. 254, foot-note
_a_.

[15]_De Ducibus Normannis_, book vii. c. ix.; in Camden’s _Anglica
Scripta_, p. 674.

[16]_Chronicon ex Chronicis._ Ed. Thorpe. Vol. ii. p. 45. Published by
the English Historical Society.

[17]_Historia Ecclesiastica_, pars. iii. lib. x., in the _Patrologiæ
Cursus Completus_. Ed. J. P. Migne. Tom. clxxxviii. p. 749 c. Paris,
1855.

[18]_De Nugis Curialium Distinctiones Quinque_, distinc. v. cap. vi. p.
222. Published by the Camden Society.

[19]_De Eventibus Angliæ_, lib. ii. cap. vii., in Twysden’s _Historiæ
Anglicanæ Scriptores Decem_, p. 2373. I am almost ashamed to quote
Knyghton, but it is as well to give the most unfavourable account.
Spotswood, in his _History of the Church of Scotland_ (book ii. p.
30, fourth edition, 1577), repeats the same blunder as Walter Mapes
and Knyghton, adding that the New Forest was at Winchester, and that
Rufus destroyed thirty churches.

[20]For the sake of brevity, let me add that William of Malmesbury
(_Gesta Regum Anglorum_, vol. ii. p. 455, published by the English
Historical Society, 1840), Henry of Huntingdon (_Historiarum_, lib.
vi., in Savile’s _Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores_, p. 371), Simon of
Durham (_De Gestis Regum Anglorum_, in the _Historiæ Anglicanæ
Scriptores Decem_, p. 225), copying word for word from Florence,
Roger Hoveden (_Annalium Pars Prior, Willielmus Junior_, in the
_Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores_, p. 468), Roger of Wendover (_Flores
Historiarum_, vol. ii. pp. 25, 26, published by the English
Historical Society), Walter Hemingburgh (_De Gestis Regum Angliæ_,
vol. i. p. 33, published by the English Historical Society), and
John Ross (_Historia Regum Angliæ_, pp. 112, 113. Ed. Hearne.
Oxford, 1716), repeat, according to their different degrees of
accuracy, the general story of the Conqueror destroying villages and
exterminating the inhabitants.

[21]_The Chronicle._ Ed. Thorpe, as before quoted. Nor does the writer,
when another opportunity presents itself at Rufus’s death, mention
the matter, but passes it over in significant silence. The same
volume, p. 364.

[22]See _Domesday_ (the photo-zincographed fac-simile of the part
relating to Hampshire; published at the Ordnance Survey Office,
1861), p. xxix. b, under Bertramelei, Pistelslai, Odetune, Oxelei,
&c.

[23]See in _Domesday_, as before, p. xxvii. b, the entry under
Langelei—“Aluric Petit tenet unam virgatam in Forestâ.” See, too, p.
iii. b, under Edlinges.

[24]See in _Domesday_, under Thuinam, Holeest, Slacham, Rinwede, p. iv.
a; and Herdel, p. xxviii. b.

[25]See in _Domesday_, out of many instances, Esselei and Suei, p. xxix.
b; Bailocheslei, p. xiv. b; Wolnetune and Bedeslei, p. xxviii. a;
Hentune, p. xxviii. b; and Linhest, p. iv. a.

[26]It is possible that whilst the survey was being taken Saulf died. If
this be so, we find an instance of feeling in allowing his widow to
still rent the lands at Hubborn, which could little have been
expected. The name seems to have been misspelt in various entries.
See _Domesday_, p. xxix. b, under Sanhest and Melleford.

[27]Aluric is probably the physician of that name mentioned in
_Domesday_, p. xxix. a, as holding land in the hundred of Egheiete.
Not to take up further space, let me here only notice some few out
of the many Old-English names of persons in _Domesday_ holding lands
in places which had been more or less afforested, such as Godric
(probably Godric Malf) at Wootton, Willac in the hundred of
Egheiete, Uluric at Godshill, in the actual Forest, and Wislac at
Oxley. See _Domesday_ under the words Odetune, Godes-manes-camp, and
Oxelei, p. xxix. b. See, also, under Totintone, p. xxvii. a, where
Agemund and Alric hold lands which the former, and the latter’s
father, had held of Edward.

[28]Passing over the later and more highly-coloured accounts, we will
content ourselves with Florence of Worcester, as more trustworthy,
whose words are—“Antiquis enim temporibus, Edwardi scilicet Regis,
et aliorum Angliæ Regum predecessorum ejus, hæc regio incolis Dei et
ecclesiis nitebat uberrime.” (Thorpe’s edition, as before quoted.)
Were this, even in a limited degree, true, the Forest would present
the strange anomaly of possessing more churches then than it does
now, with a great increase of population. The _Domesday_ census, we
may add, makes the inhabitants of that portion which is called “In
Novâ Forestâ et circa eam,” a little over two hundred. See Ellis’s
_Introduction to Domesday_, vol. ii. p. 450.

[29]In support of these statements, I may quote from the Prize Essay on
the Farming of Hampshire, published in the _Journal of the Royal
Agricultural Society of England_ (vol. xxii., part ii., No. 48,
1861), and which was certainly not written with any view to
historical evidence, but simply from an agricultural point. At pp.
242, 243, the author says: “The outlying New Forest block consists
of more recent and unprofitable deposits. This tract appears to the
ordinary observer, at first sight, to be a mixed mass of clays,
marls, sands, and gravels. The apparent confusion arises from the
variety of the strata, from the confined space in which they are
deposited, and from the manner in which, on the numerous hills and
knolls, they overlie one another, or are concealed by drift gravel.”
And again, at pp. 250, 251, he continues: “Of the Burley Walk, the
part to the west of Burley Beacon, and round it, is nothing but sand
or clay growing rushes, with here and there some ‘bed furze.’... The
Upper Bagshots, about Burley Beacon, round by Rhinefield and Denney
Lodges, and so on towards Fawley, are hungry sands devoid of
staple:” and finally sums up by saying, “half of the 63,000 acres
are not worth 1_s._ 6_d._ an acre,” p. 330.

[30]In that portion under “In Novâ Forestâ et circa eam.”

[31]Warner, vol. ii. p. 33, says Hordle Church was standing when
_Domesday_ was made. This is a mistake. It was, however, built soon
after, as we know from some grants of Baldwin de Redvers.

[32]Mr. Thorpe notices, in his edition of _The Chronicle_, vol. ii. p.
94, foot-note, its early use, in a document of Eadger’s, A.D. 964,
in the sense of a town; but in the first place it certainly meant
only an inclosed spot. There appears to have been at some time, in
the south part of the Forest, a church near Wootton, the Odetune of
_Domesday_, where its memory is still preserved in the name of
Church Lytton given to a small plot of ground. Rose, in his notes to
the _Red King_, p. 205, suggests that Church Moor and Church Place
indicate other places of worship. Church Moor is a very unlikely
situation, being a large and deep morass, and could well, from its
situation, have been nothing else, and, in all probability, takes
its name, in quite modern times, from some person. But Church Place
at Sloden, like Church Green in Eyeworth Wood, is certainly merely
the embankments near which the Romano-British population employed in
the Roman potteries, once lived, and which ignorance and
superstition have turned into sacred ground. The word Lytton, at
Wootton, however, makes the former position certain, but by no means
necessitates that the church was standing at the afforestation. Thus
we know that in Leland’s time a chapel was in existence at Fritham
(_Itinerary_, ed. Hearne, vol. vi. f. 100, p. 88), which has since
his day disappeared. It would, of course, be absurd to argue that
all ruins which have been, or yet may be found, were caused by the
Conqueror. Further, with regard to the castles, had there been any,
they would most certainly have been noticed in _Domesday_, and it is
most unlikely, knowing how very few existed in England at the
Conquest, that five or six should have been clustered together in
the Forest. The fact, too, of Rose’s finding “minute fragments of
brick and mortar,” lumps of chalk, and pieces of slate bored with
holes, simply proves that persons have, subsequently to the Normans,
found the New Forest a most ungrateful soil. I may, perhaps, add
that Mr Akerman, the well-known archæologist, when, a few years
since, exploring the Roman potteries in the Forest (for which see
chapter xvii.), in vain tried there, or in other parts, to find any
traces of old buildings. (_Archæologia_, vol. xxxv. p. 97.)

[33]See Dr. Guest’s _Early English Settlements in South Britain;
Proceedings of the Archæological Institute_, Salisbury volume, p.
57.

[34]“Nova Foresta, quæ linguâ Anglorum Ytene nuncupatur,” however, says
Florence of Worcester (vol. ii. pp. 44, 45, ed. Thorpe); but the
Keltic origin of the word is better.

[35]Ashley is connected with Esk and Usk, and refers to water rather
than wood.—_errata_

[36]The names of the fields in the various farms adjoining the
Forest—Furzy Close, Heathy Close, Cold Croft, Starvesall, Hungry
Hill, Rough Pastures, &c. &c.—are not without meaning. The common
Forest proverb of “lark’s-lees,” applied to the soil, pretty
clearly, too, shows its quality.

[37]Manwood defines a forest “a certaine territorie of woody grounds and
fruitful pastures.” _A Treatise of the Lawes of the Forest._ London,
1619. Chap. i. f. 18. Wedgwood (_Dictionary of English Etymology_,
vol. ii. p. 34) shows the true meaning of the word, by connecting it
with the Welsh _gores_, _gorest_, waste, open ground, and _goresta_,
to lie open.

[38]See Mr. Davies’s paper on the Races of Lancashire, _Transactions of
the Philological Society_, 1855, p. 258. In _Domesday_, as before,
under Clatinges, p. xviii. a, we find, “Silva inutilis,” that is, a
wood which has no beech, oak, ash, nor holly, but only yews or
thorns, equivalent to the entry, “Silva sine pasnagio,” under Anne,
p. xix. a. (See, too, Ellis, _Introduction to Domesday_, vol. i. p.
99.) Whilst under Borgate, p. iv. b, we find, “Pastura quæ reddebat
xl porcos est in forestâ Regis.”

[39]See Manwood, as before, ff. 1-5.

[40]In the Charta de Forestâ of Canute (Manwood, f. 3, sect. 27) mention
is made in the forests of horses, cows, and wild goats which are all
protected; and from sect. 28 it is plain that, under certain
limitations, people might cut fuel. These, with other privileges,
such as killing game on their own lands (see sect. xxx. f. 4)—for,
by theory, all game was the King’s—were compensations given to the
forester for being subject to Forest Law.