Chapter XIII: The Lull in November (9)

On Aug. 5 the Aliens Restriction act was passed, and within an hour of its passing an order in council was made which gave the Home Office and the police stringent powers to deal with aliens, and especially enemy aliens, who under this act could be stopped from entering or leaving the United Kingdom, and were prohibited while residing in this country from having in their possession any wireless or signaling apparatus of any kind, or any carrier or homing pigeons. Under this order all those districts where the Admiralty or War Office considered it undesirable that enemy aliens should reside have been cleared by the police of Germans and Austrians, with the exception of a few persons, chiefly women and children, whose character and antecedents are such that the local Chief Constable, in whose discretion the matter is vested by the order, considered that all ground for suspicion was precluded. At the same time the Post Office, acting under the powers given them by the Wireless Telegraphy acts, dismantled all private wireless stations; and they established a special system of wireless detection by which any station actually used for the transmission of messages from this country could be discovered. The police have co-operated successfully in this matter with the Post Office.

New and still more stringent powers for dealing with espionage were given by the Defense of the Realm act, which was passed by the Home Secretary through the House of Commons and received the Royal Assent on Aug. 8. Orders in council have been made under this act which prohibit, in the widest possible terms, any attempt on the part either of aliens or of British subjects to communicate any information which "is calculated to be or might be directly or indirectly useful to an enemy"; and any person offending against this prohibition is liable to be tried by court-martial and sentenced to penal servitude for life. The effect of these orders is to make espionage a military offense. Power is given both to the police and to the military authorities to arrest without a warrant any person whose behavior is such as to give rise to suspicion, and any person so arrested by the police would be handed over to the military authorities for trial by court-martial. Only in the event of the military authorities holding that there is no prima facie case of espionage or any other offense triable by military law is a prisoner handed back to the civil authorities to consider whether he should be charged with failing to register or with any other offense under the Aliens Restriction act.

The present position is therefore that espionage has been made by statute a military offense triable by court-martial. If tried under the Defense of the Realm act the maximum punishment is penal servitude for life; but if dealt with outside that act as a war crime the punishment of death can be inflicted.

At the present moment one case is pending in which a person charged with attempting to convey information to the enemy is now awaiting his trial by court-martial; but in no other case has any clear trace been discovered of any attempt to convey information to the enemy, and there is good reason to believe that the spy organization crushed at the outbreak of the war has not been re-established.

How completely that system had been suppressed in the early days of the war is clear from the fact disclosed in a German Army order--that on the 21st of August the German military commanders were still ignorant of the dispatch and movements of the British expeditionary force, although these had been known for many days to a large number of people in this country.

The fact, however, of this initial success does not prevent the possibility of fresh attempts at espionage being made, and there is no relaxation in the efforts of the Intelligence Department and of the police to watch and detect any attempts in this direction. In carrying out their duties the military and police authorities would expect that persons having information of cases of suspected espionage would communicate the grounds of the suspicion to local military authority or to the local police, who are in direct communication with the Special Intelligence Department, instead of causing unnecessary public alarm and possibly giving warning to the spies by public speeches or letters to the press. In cases in which the Director of Public Prosecutions has appealed to the authors of such letters and speeches to supply him with the evidence upon which their statements were founded in order that he might consider the question of prosecuting the offender, no evidence of any value has as yet been forthcoming.

Among other measures which have been taken has been the registration, by order of the Secretary of State made under the Defense of the Realm act, of all persons keeping carrier or homing pigeons. The importation and the conveyance by rail of these birds have been prohibited, and, with the valuable assistance of the National Homing Union, a system of registration has been extended to the whole of the United Kingdom, and measures have been taken which, it is believed, will be effective to prevent the possibility of any birds being kept in this country which would fly to the Continent.

Another matter which has engaged the closest attention of the police has been the possibility of conspiracies to commit outrage. No trace whatever has been discovered of any such conspiracy, and no outrage of any sort has yet been committed by any alien--not even telegraph wires having been maliciously cut since the beginning of the war. Nevertheless it has been necessary to bear in mind the possibility that such a secret conspiracy might exist or might be formed among alien enemies resident in this country. Accordingly, immediately after the commencement of hostilities, rigorous search was made by the police in the houses of Germans and Austrians, in their clubs, and in all places where they were likely to resort. In a few cases individuals were found who were in possession of a gun or pistol which they had not declared, and in one or two cases there were small collections of ancient firearms, and in such cases the offenders have been prosecuted and punished; but no store of effective arms--still less any bombs or instruments of destruction--have so far been discovered. From the beginning any Germans or Austrians who were deemed by the police to be likely to be dangerous were apprehended, handed over to the military authorities, and detained as prisoners of war; and, as soon as the military authorities desired it, general action was taken to arrest and hand over to military custody Germans of military age, subject to exceptions which have properly been made on grounds of policy. About 9,000 Germans and Austrians of military age have been so arrested and are held as prisoners of war in detention camps, and among them are included those who are regarded by the police as likely in any possible event to take part in any outbreak of disorder or incendiarism.

*Chronology of the War*

*Showing Progress of Campaigns on All Fronts and Collateral Events to and Including Oct. 15, 1914.[A]*

*CAMPAIGN IN EASTERN EUROPE*

July 21--Situation threatens European war; fear that Russia will aid Servia.

July 23--Austria sends ultimatum to Servia; Austrian Army Corps mobilized at Temesvar, and fleet gathers at Semlin.

July 24--Russia will ask Austria to extend time for Servia's reply to ultimatum; Austria will brook no interference.

July 25--Servia's reply to ultimatum unsatisfactory; Russian Army mobilizing.

July 26--Servian Army mobilizing; Russian warning to Germany.

July 27--Austrian Army invades Servia; Servians blow up bridge across Danube; report of mobilizing of Montenegrin Army; Austria denounces Servia's reply to ultimatum; Cossacks fire on Germans at frontier.

July 28--Austria declares war on Servia and Emperor issues manifesto; fighting along River Drina; Russian forces mass on eastern border.

July 29--Russian intervention imminent; Austrians bombard Belgrade; Servians blow up bridges at Semlin.

July 30--Kaiser calls on Russia to halt mobilization within twenty-four hours; war activity in Warsaw; Austrians repulsed at Losnitza; Montenegrins occupy Cattaro.

July 31--Russians blow up railway bridge on Vienna-Warsaw line; Servians check Austrians at Semendria and on Bosnian frontier; France replies to German note about Russia; Czar, Kaiser, and King George may yet arrange peace; following Council of Ministers at Peterhof, Russia sends no reply to German note and calls out reserves; France and England still trying to adjust matters between Russia and Austria; Russian mobilization order; Austria orders military and naval mobilization.

Aug. 1--Germany declares war on Russia, Kaiser signs mobilization order; German patrol near Prostken fired on by Russians.

Aug. 2--Russians cross German frontier and seize railroad station: Montenegrin King signs mobilization order.

Aug. 3--Germans seize three cities in Russian Poland; Czar calls Russians to war; fighting on Drina River.

Aug. 4--Russians defeated in attack on Memel; Serbs defeat Austrians near Semendria; Turkey mobilizes.

Aug. 5--Austria declares war on Russia; Russian patrols raid East Prussia; Servian flag hoisted at Delarme, Austria; Belgrade bombarded; Germans repulse Russian cavalry at Soldau and Neidenberg.

Aug. 7--Montenegro declares war against Austria; Austrians bombard Belgrade; Servians annihilate Austrian regiment.

Aug. 8--Servia declares war on Germany; fighting between Germans and Russians at Eydtkuhnen; German force lands in Finland; Austrians evacuate Visigard; Austrians burn Russian villages near Rumanian border.

Aug. 9--Russians repulsed by Germans near Tilsit; Germans capture motor cars carrying money to Russia; Russians enter Austria; Austrians occupy town and customs station of Andrejew, Russian Poland; Turkey mobilizing [Transcriber: original 'mobolizing'] on Bulgarian frontier.

Aug. 10--Montenegrins occupy Scutari; Belgrade again bombarded; Servians penetrate Bosnia; Austrians bombard Antivari; Germans concentrate on Russian frontier.

Aug. 11--Russians guard Finland; Russian cavalry routs Austrians in Galicia; Italy demands explanation from Austria of bombardment of Antivari; Russians advance into Germany.

Aug. 12--German attempt to reoccupy Eydtkuhnen unsuccessful; Austrians and Germans defeated on Russian frontier; Russian visitors to German health resorts tell of ill-treatment; Servians and Montenegrins advance on Bosnia; Prince George of Servia wounded.

Aug. 13--Russians capture Sokal; Cossacks annihilate two Austrian-cavalry regiments; German troops before Kalisz threaten to shoot every tenth inhabitant if further resistance is shown.

Aug. 14--Russians defeat Austrians on the Dniester; unrest in Turkey.

Aug. 15--Berlin reports capture of 23 Russian Generals and Admirals by Germans; Greece wants explanation from Turkey of concentration of troops near border; Russians raid East Prussia; fighting between Austrians and Servians on the Save and the Danube; Turkish Ambassador says Turkey was not hostile in buying German cruisers.

Aug. 16--Germans fail to retake Eydtkuhnen.

Aug. 17--Russia demands of Turkey unrestricted use of Dardanelles; prisoners a problem for both sides; Russian Army marches on Austria and Germany; minor engagements on frontier; Servians check Austrians' advance; Greece hears that Turkish troops are approaching and sends warning that corresponding measures will be taken.

Aug. 18--Servia reports Austrian defeat near Saboc.

Aug. 19--Austrians defeated by Serbs at Shabats; Russians report victory over Austrians in Padolia; Germans report capture of Russians in East Prussia; Russians driven out of Germany; Italian refugees complain of German outrages.

Aug. 20--Russians occupy Gumbinnen and Lyck in East Prussia; Austrians occupy Miechow, Russian Poland.

Aug. 21--Serbs defeat Austrians in four days' battle near Losnitza; Russians successfully advance on Austro-German frontier.

Aug. 22--Russians report continued successes on Austro-German frontier; Servians report capture of Austrian guns in pursuit of defeated force across the Drina.

Aug. 23--Russian Army pushes fifty miles into Prussia, capturing three towns; Servian version of victory at Losnitza confirmed in Rome; Montenegrins continue attack.

Aug. 24--Austria abandons Servian campaign to meet Russian attack; two Russian armies crush Germans in the east; retreating armies lay waste the country.

Aug. 25--Russians spread on broad front over East Prussia and Galicia and repulse Austrians at Kielce; Germans report Russian defeat near Gumbinnen; Servians chase Austrians along whole front; report of German outrages on Jews in Kalisz.

Aug. 26--Russians sweep over Prussia in three lines, menacing Königsberg and Posen; Germans reported fleeing from Elbing district; report of Russian advance into Austria; Austrians drive Russians from Krasnik.

Aug. 27--Russians take Tilsit; Germans retreat toward Königsberg and Allenstein; Austrians routed in Galicia; French troops join Montenegrins to operate against Austria.

Aug. 28--Russians reach Allenstein; Russians continue advance in Galicia; Serbs defeat Austrians at Shabats.

Aug. 29--Russians invest Königsberg and occupy Allenstein; Germans claim victories; Russians draw net around Lemberg; Austrians claim occupation of Zamost.

Aug. 30--Russians advance in East Prussia, to the Vistula and bombard Thorn and Graudenz; panic in Danzig; battle between Russians and Austrians in Poland; Austrians defeated at Lemberg; Russians gain ground against Austrians and win battle at Zamost; Germans in East Prussia get reinforcements and report capture of 30,000 Russians; Poland almost clear of German troops.

Sept. 1--Russians inflict crushing defeat on Austrians on Galician frontier; Germans announce defeat of three Russian army corps near Allenstein.

Sept. 2--Russians seize fortified positions around Lemberg, admit advance into East Prussia temporarily checked; new invasion of Germany planned; Turkey lands troops in Asia Minor; Montenegrins defeat Austrians near Bilek.

Sept. 3--Austrians report success at Lublin; Cossacks rout German scouting party from Thorn; Russians take capital of Bukowina.

Sept. 5--Russians take Lemberg and Halicz and march toward Poland; Austrians defeated at Tomaszow; Russian refugees tell of destruction of Kalisch by Germans; twenty Russian army corps march on Prussia, ten hold Austria back; Austrians defeated near Lublin.

Sept. 6--Russians attack Germans on left bank of the Vistula, occupy Stryk regions, capture Forty-fifth Austrian Regiment near Krasnystaw, capture Austrian aeroplane and a Zeppelin and take year's provisions at Lemberg.

Sept. 7--Austrians retreat; Russians closing in on Przemysl.

Sept. 8--Russians take Nikolaieff and Mikolajow; Gen. Ruzsky engages Gen. Auffenberg's army in Poland; Austrians claim advance into Russian Poland and defeat of Serbs near Mitrovica; Servian invasion of Bosnia begun.

Sept. 9--Battle at Rava-Russka; Austrians evacuate Russian Poland; Germans claim capture of part of Russian Imperial Guard; Serbs and Montenegrins advance into Bosnia.

Sept. 10--Russians invade Silesia and menace Breslau; Austro-German forces defeated at Lublin; Serbs cross the Save.

Sept. 11--Serbs take Semlin; Montenegrins take Folcha and join with Serbs in march on Serajevo; Germans defeat invading Finland force at Lyck; Polish miners at Berdzin wreck German train by concealing explosive in fuel; Russians occupy Suczawa and Hatna; Russians fight on Austrian and German border; Austrians resume offensive near Lemberg.

Sept. 12--Russians defeat Austrians in battle near Tomaszow; German attack in East Prussia checked; successes of Serbs against Austrians continue.

Sept. 13--Russian victories west and northwest of Lemberg; Russo-Serb Army plans advance on Budapest; Montenegrins will invest Bosnia.

Sept. 14--Austrians rally for battle before Przemsyl; Russians cross the San; Germans defeated near Miawa and send reinforcements to Memel.

Sept. 15--Russians occupy Grodek; Austrians hemmed in between Rivers San and Vistula; Germans report defeat of Russian Armies of Vina and Grodno; Russians say Germans have been driven back across frontier; Serbs invade Hungary.

Sept. 16--Austrians still retreat in Galicia; Servians continue advance into Bosnia; Montenegrins defeat Austrians near Koulilovo.

Sept. 17--Austrians flee before Russians toward Cracow; Gen. Rennekampf blocks flanking movement by Germans; Servian artillery repulses Austrian warships that shell Semlin and Belgrade.

Sept. 18--Russians take Siniava and Sambor; Austrian rear guard thrown back beyond the San; prisoners and ammunition captured near Memirov; Germans advance against Russians in Suwalki Province; Russians halt offensive German movement and plan new invasion of East Poland; Germans retreat from Kielce Province to rally Austrians defeated at Krasnik; Russians enter Kazeshow.

Sept. 20--Russians attack Jaroslaw and Przemysl and seize Sambor and Kresheshov; Gen. Auffenberg's army separated from Gen. Dankl's; Germans defeated near Sandomierz; Gen. Rennenkampf checks German advance in East Prussia; Servians defeat Austrians near Novi-Bazar.

Sept. 21--Russians take Dubiecko and surround Gen. Dankl's army; Servians win near Krupani, evacuate Semlin.

Sept. 22--Austrians defeated on the Drina near Krupani; Russians occupy Jaroslaw and again move to attack Königsberg.

Sept. 23--Russians take Wislok; Austrian retreat from Przemysl through Carpathians cut off; Cossacks raid Czenstochowa; French land guns at Antivari.

Sept. 24--Advance guards of Russian forces arrive before Cracow; Germans defeated at Subin; Russians again occupy Soldau; Montenegrins report capture of Pratzho and Montak in Bosnia.

Sept. 25--Russians occupy Czyschky and Felstyn; Germans occupy Cracow, population flees; Przemysl cut off from all communication; battle between Serbs and Austrians near Zvorkni.

Sept. 26--Greater part of Przemysl occupied by Russians; Germans concentrated in Prussia for impending battle.

Sept. 27--Russians halt German advance in Suwalki and enter town of Przemysl; Serbs and Montenegrins reach Rumania; Germans in weak position on the Niemen River.

Sept. 28--Montenegrins within artillery range of Serajevo; Serbs occupy mountains near by; Bosnians join invading army; Russians occupy Dembica and take another fort at Przemysl, cross Carpathians, and invade Hungary.

Sept. 29--Russians sweep across the Carpathians and over Northern Hungary; Servians retake Semlin.

Sept. 30--Germans fail in attempt to cross the River Niemen; retreating Austrians surrounded near Dukia; Hungarians retake Uzsok Pass; Servians and Montenegrins close to capital of Bosnia.

Oct. 2--Russians break German centre and take up new battle line from Mariampol to Ossowitz; Germans bombard Ossowitz; Russians claim victories in Lodz and Suwalki, and take two Przemysl forts.

Oct. 3--Germans are evacuating Russian Poland; Russians advance on Transylvania; fighting at Augustowo; Servians raid Semlin and destroy forts.

Oct. 4--Russians defeat Germans at Augustowo and advance reaches Nugy Valley in Hungary; Germans make unsuccessful attacks on Ossowitz forts; Germans lured into a trap on the Niemen.

Oct. 5--Two Russian armies advance toward Allenstein; fighting near Warsaw; Russians are near Cracow; Germans fortify heights between Breslau and Cracow; Austrians claim victory over Montenegrins in East Bosnia; Servians approach Serajevo fortifications.

Oct. 6--Germans claim victories near Suwalki and Augustowo; Russian forces from the Baltic close in on Germans, and announce German retreat from positions between Wirballen and Lyck; Austrians claim victory at Uzsok Pass, but Cossacks are reported eighty miles from Budapest.

Oct. 7--Germans bring reinforcements from Königsberg and check Russians; Russians shell Przemysl; Austrians report victory in Hungary near Tesco.

Oct. 8--Russians claim repulse of Germans in Russian Poland and capture of Biala; Germans deny Russian advance in Suwalki; gains by Montenegrins in Herzegovina.

Oct. 9--Russians announce reoccupation of Lyck; Przemysl reported on fire.

Oct. 10--Russians claim that Germans are retiring from Lyck; Austrians report successes throughout Galicia.

Oct. 11--Montenegrins defeat Austrians near Kalenovitch; Russians [Transcriber: original 'Rusians'] sweep through Bukoi Bukowina; Austrians rush help to Przemysl.

Oct. 12--Russians abandon siege of Przemysl and retreat from Galicia; German-Austrian army captures many prisoners.

Oct. 13--Fall of Warsaw believed near; British Consul asks for American protection; Montenegrins defeat Austrians near Serajevo.

Oct. 14--Germans report defeat of Russians at Warsaw and recapture of Lyck; Servians in Bosnia beaten back.

Oct. 15--Berlin reports advance of eight Russian army corps against Bast Prussia; account made public of how Gen. von Hindenburg lured Gen. Rennenkampf into trap at Tennenberg; Russians report victory over Austrians south of Przemysl.

*CAMPAIGN IN WESTERN EUROPE.*

July 26--Belgium increases army to enforce neutrality.

July 27--Belgian Army mobilizes, Holland prepares to maintain neutrality.

July 28--French Army moves to frontier.

July 29--Belgium calls out reserves.

July 30--England takes defensive measures.

July 31--Belgium mobilizes.

Aug. 1--France mobilizes after Germany asks her intentions; will respect neutrality of Belgium.

Aug. 2--Germany sends ultimatum to Belgium, seizes Luxemburg, and invades France; fighting at Longwy, three German spies arrested in England.

Aug. 3--Berlin reports acts of hostility by French; England will protect French coast and defend Belgium; France promises to guard Belgian neutrality; France holds that war with Germany began automatically with invasion of her territory.

Aug. 4--England declares war on Germany as Kaiser rejects ultimatum on Belgian neutrality; Germany declares war on Belgium; attack on Liége repulsed; Germans cross French border near Mars-la-Tour and Moineville.

Aug. 5--French repulse Germans at border; many Germans killed in attack on Liége, Crown Prince bringing aid, French Army rushing up.

Aug. 6--Germans take two forts at Liége; French Army coming; English coast towns arm.

Aug. 7--Rapid mobilization of French on frontier; French occupy two towns in Alsace-Lorraine; Kaiser and King of Belgium call nations to arms; Bavarians beaten by French at Marrehan; Germans enter Liége, forts still held by Belgians; Germans get armistice to bury dead.

Aug. 8--Holland guards frontier; conflicting reports of fall of Liége; French forces in Belgium; British land on Continent; French take Mülhausen after battle at Altkirch; German spies try to blow up tunnels and bridges near Paris.

Aug. 9--Germans in Alsace fall back on Neu Breisach; Kaiser leaves for front; Belgian War Minister denies capture of Liége, Germans in city but forts untaken; French and English reinforce Belgians; Governor and Bishop of Liége held as hostages; German warning of reprisals; Germans arrested in England; Holland captures and disarms Uhlans at Maastricht.

Aug. 10--France breaks off diplomatic relations with Austria; French student tells how Germans shot refugees; French patrols cover Eifel district in Germany; French open way into Alsace by capturing Bonhomme and Sainte Marie; 100 German spies put to death in Belgium; more caught; Germans forced by French to plan new campaign in Belgium; Allies claim success in cavalry encounters; Germans moving through Esch.

Aug. 11--Germans attack French frontier, take Lagarde and intrench south of Liége; Belgians retake Loncin fort; Kaiser claims victory at Liége; French Army forced back in Alsace; minor checks to Germans; German siege guns before Liége; German advance directed at gap between Verdun and Longwy.

Aug. 12--Germany tries again to negotiate with Belgium for passage of army; Germans bombard Point-a-Mousson; Germans move on Brussels and are driven back by Belgians' left wing; Germans report victory in Alsace; Germans reported to have shot French wounded; German spies terrorize Belgium; battle near Tongres; German official says Kaiser halted attack on Liége and denies heavy losses; Germans complete bridge for siege artillery; Paris papers say Germans burned village of Affleville and shot farmers.

Aug. 13--England declares war on Austria; Belgians beat off Germans in two-day fight; Namur defenses strengthened; battles at Diest, Haelen, and Eghezee; Germans shoot woman accused of attempt to blow up Alsatian tunnel; British, French, and Belgians charge cruelties by German troops; report that Germans hold Diest; German guns reported wrecked by fire from Liége forts; French report severe defeat of Germans by counter-attack at Pont-a-Mousson; Swiss report that Germans lost 10,000 in Alsace; Swiss disarm German troops; Italy's troops guard Alpine passes.

Aug. 14--Germans mass to attack Allies and move toward Brussels; bombardment of Liége renewed; attempt to storm Pontisse fails; British Commander French and French Gen. Joffre meet at headquarters; French and Belgian forts exchange officers; French win in battle in Vosges Mountains.

Aug. 15--Armies of Germany and Allies face each other on 248-mile battle front; French storm three towns and retake Thann in Alsace; battling at Liége forts continues; Germans said to have shot innocent people in Linsmeau for slaying an officer.

Aug. 16--Fighting at Mülhausen renewed; French take offensive along line from Lunéville to Saarburg; clash near Dinant; Germans damage Vise; general advance of French on eastern frontier; South Belgium barricaded; Belgian cyclists fight strong German force; rumor that Austrians are in Belgium.

Aug. 17--French forces sweep on toward Strassburg; desultory fighting clears ground between Germans and Allies; Belgians say Germans torture prisoners; Belgian seat of Government moved to Antwerp.

Aug. 18--British force lands in France; German advance on Brussels checked; Germans evacuate Saarburg; French take two batteries; Germans start second fire in Vise.

Aug. 19--Fighting near Altkirch; Paris prepares for eventualities; Allies fall back and may quit Brussels; Germans occupy Louvain; French report further advance into Alsace; Germans retake Ville.

Aug. 20--French reoccupy Mülhausen, but are checked in Lorraine; other French gains in Alsace; German cavalry occupies Brussels; Belgian Army retires on Antwerp; French victory near Lunéville; Germans defeat Belgians at Aerschot.

Aug. 21--French withdraw from Lorraine; Germans rush through Brussels, capture Ghent, levy war taxes on Brussels and Liége, and will try to seize Ostend; England says tax levy is violation of Hague treaty; German assault on Namur begins; report of German vengeance on town of Tongres; Antwerp, new seat of Government, prepares for defense; Germans hold Audun-la-Roman and continue to cross the Meuse.

Aug. 22--French deny German report of victory between Metz and the Vosges; Germans continue bombardment of Namur forts and face Allies on twenty-mile front to Charleroi; main force is aimed at Lille; battle between English and Germans at Waterloo; French close in on Colmar; fight between German and English cavalry at Colmar; fear that Belgian cities may not be able to pay indemnity; Germans accused of shooting Burgomaster and citizens of Aerschot without provocation.

Aug. 23--Allies take offensive against Germans along 150-mile line from Mons to Luxemburg; Belgian commander blows up one Liége fort; others hold out; French repel three days' attack on Mülhausen intrenchments; France protests to Hague against use of dumdum bullets by Germans.

Aug. 24--Allies fall back before German attack on Belgium; report that Namur has fallen; account made public of battle at Charleroi; Germans, led by Crown Prince in Lorraine, pursue French beyond Longwy; success of force headed by Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria at Lunéville, Blamont and Cirey; French defeated at Neuf-chateau by forces under Grand Duke Albrecht of Württemberg; Germans begin another attack on Mülhausen; English cavalry brigade defeated by Germans south of Brussels; Germans set fire to Hussigny and resume fire at Liége.

Aug. 25--Battle on new 200-mile-line between Germans and Allies; Germans capture five Namur forts and are attacking others; French withdraw from Alsace to frontier; Allies gain to the south; Germans levy tax on Brabant; report that Lorrainers betrayed French troops to Germans.

Aug. 26--Allies fall back a short distance in Belgium; Belgian success at Malines; French claim success near Nancy and Lunéville; report that Lille is abandoned; big battle in Lorraine; Germans fire houses in Liége; Berlin announces British rout at Maubeuge.

Aug. 27--Germans take Longwy and all Namur forts; British-French line falls back on right flank; French reoccupy Lille; details given out of fighting at Mons; Germans take Malines and tax Tourant and Charleroi; announcement of German bombardment of Malines; Paris prepares for possible siege.

Aug. 28--Austria declares war on Belgium; Belgians retake Malines and advance to Brussels; Germans defeat Allies along entire line; report that fall of Namur was due to heavy fog; Germans sack and burn Louvain; art treasures destroyed.

Aug. 29--German force withdrawn from Belgium to meet Russians; French right wins at Guise, left reinforced but repulsed; Germans march on La Fere; Allies evacuate Boulogne; account made public of the heroic defense of Longwy; details given out of fall of Namur; Germans blow up bridges on railway from Antwerp to frontier; French bayoneted company of Germans accused of treachery; Military Governor of Paris orders destruction of houses obstructing forts' fire.

Aug. 30--French left wing again driven back; Allies' lines reinforced; Germans recalled to Brussels to hold city; French reported successful near Amiens.

Aug. 31--Paris defense plans rushed; Allies' left flank again driven back.

Sept. 1--Allies' centre hard pressed; German attack on Belfort fails; British flank reinforced; Germans fortify Brussels.

Sept. 2--French move capital temporarily to Bordeaux to allow Allies to pivot left wing on Paris; German cavalry corps defeated by British near Compiègne; another pushes on to Soissons; French report success in Lorraine.

Sept. 3--Report that Russian troops have been transported to Belgium; Germans take La Fere and Amiens and move to attack Laon and Rheims; Austrians sent to reinforce German left wing; Germans are twenty-five miles from Paris.

Sept. 4--Germans neglect Paris and move eastward; German right wing reported checked and driven back to St. Quentin; Allies driven back behind Conde; Germans move toward Verdun; Germans bombard Termonde; fighting in Alost.

Sept. 5--Germans take Rheims and three forts at Maubeuge; Belgians trap Germans in flooded area near Malines; Germans take Termonde; Germans abandon attack on Belfort.

Sept. 6--German right wing checked near Paris; Kaiser directs attack on Nancy; account made public of evacuation of Senlis and Chantilly.

Sept. 7--It is now plain that the German march on Paris has been deflected; Allies force Germans back in 160-mile battle from Nanteuil-le-Hardouin to Verdun and report defeat of Crown Prince's army; Germans defeat Belgians near Melle and march to occupy Ghent; repulsed at Capelle-au-Bois.

Sept. 8--British push German right over the Marne; French win on the Ourcq; fighting at Vitry.

Sept. 9--Germans claim capture of Maubeuge; British cross the Marne; Germans fall back; have evacuated Upper Alsace.

Sept. 10--Gen. von Stein admits defeat by Allies; Belgians reoccupy Termonde, Aerschot, and Diest; French join British across Marne in pursuing Germans; fighting near Vitry and other points in centre.

Sept. 11--German line west of Revigny retreats, but captures fort near Verdun; Gen. Pau seizes German supply train; account given out of battle at Meaux; British report annihilation of German Jaeger regiment; French deny fall of Maubeuege and recapture Mülhausen; Germans march south from Ghent, Belgians in pursuit.

Sept. 12--Belgians cut German Army in two by victory at Cortenberg; whole German line in France retreats, Lunéville retaken; Belgians repulse German sortie at Louvain and advance on Brussels.

Sept. 13--Germans repulsed at Nancy and Lunéville, evacuate Amiens, lose Revigny and Brabant-le-Roi; Crown Prince's Army threatened; fighting at Louvain and Malines; heavy fighting at Bortzy; battle between Thann and Sennheim.

Sept. 14--Amiens reoccupied by French; Fort of Troyon relieved; Germans make stand on the Aisne; Germans lay waste to Senlis.

Sept. 15--German Crown Prince's army driven back to the Orne; French reoccupy Rheims; fighting on the Aisne; new intrenched positions taken by German armies; La Ferte ransacked by Germans; Franco-Belgian successes at Alost and Rousbrugge.

Sept. 16--New battle on from Noyon to Verdun; army from Douen is circling von Kluck's corps; Germans move nearer Antwerp.

Sept. 17--German Army strengthened between Berry-au-Bac and Argonne; French advance in Woevre district; deadlock on right flank; Belgians repulse attack on Termonde.

Sept. 18--Germans complete bombardment of Termonde; now known that Maubeuge has fallen; Allies' left advances six miles; Germans report gain in centre; Germans intrench on the Sambre; Germans send scouting parties into Belgium.

Sept. 19--Germans fortify along the Rhine; Allies advance on left and right wings and drive back army of German Crown Prince; heavy fighting at Rheims; Germans capture Beaumont; German shells hit Cathedral of Notre Dame and Church of St. Remi in Rheims.

Sept. 20--Germans badly damage Rheims; Allies make slight gains; fighting near Soissons; Germans report offensive move; Allies capture Souain; Belgians retake Lanaeken; Germans bring siege guns up to Antwerp.

Sept. 21--Allies gain between Rheims and Argonne, take Massiges and Mesnil; Germans claim capture of Craonne hills and Betheny; Belgians repulse German assault on Fort Waelhem; Termonde under fire again.

Sept. 22--Germans claim victories at Craonne and Betheny; their right turned between Peronne and St. Quentin; desultory fighting near Malines and Alost.

Sept. 23--Allies advance on left wing near Lassigny; Germans bombard Verdun; Germans prepare for campaign in Southern Belgium.

Sept. 24--French take Peronne; Germans take Varennes; Belgians report victory near Antwerp.

Sept. 25--Allies beaten back by Germans at Noyon, but renew offensive after being reinforced; Germans advance southeast of Verdun; quarries from Giraumont to Machemok strengthen German position; campaign in Alsace halted by snow.

Sept. 26--Germans take Fort des Romaines and cross the Meuse; Germans burn Bilsen; Austrian and German artillery menace Antwerp.

Sept. 27--Allies repulse charges on right and left wings; Germans gain in centre; Verdun forts withdraw fire; French reinforced on the Meuse; Germans again bombard Malines.

Sept. 28--Allies make slight progress on heights of the Meuse; fog in Woevre district causes suspension of fighting; Belgians retake Alost and repulse Germans at Malines.

Sept. 29--Germans occupy Moll and Malines, bombard Lierre, and shell outer forts of Antwerp; fighting on the Aisne continues.

Sept. 30--Allies drive back both German wings and retake St. Mihiel; French trap Germans in quarries; Germans destroy town of Orchies; Belgians renew bombardment of Lierre.

Oct. 1--Belgians repulse German attacks on Antwerp forts; Germans capture Roye and claim success in attack on Albert; French report gains; French shell Germans in quarries; Scheldt River interferes with attack of Germans on Antwerp; Belgians bombard church at Termonde to drive Germans from steeple.

Oct. 2--Allies checked after pushing north to Arras; Germans driven back across the Meuse; Germans report two Antwerp forts silenced; Cologne prepares for defense; Belgians report German repulse at one Antwerp fort and at Termonde.

Oct. 3--Battle at Roye; Germans claim victory near Toul; Belgians near Antwerp fall back.

Oct. 4--Berlin reports capture of Forts Wavre, St. Catherine, and Dorpweld, and of Termonde; Allies defeat flanking movement and battleground shifts to vicinity of Arras; Allies claim success in Woevre and Soissons regions; British forces aid in defense of Antwerp; Fort Walheim damaged; Germans take two villages on Dutch border near Maastricht.

Oct. 5--Germans gain on right wing, take three Antwerp forts, and resume offensive in Argonne district and along the Meuse.

Oct. 6--Antwerp warned that bombardment is near; desperate fighting on the Oise; Allies gain at Soissons; German column near Lille; French hold strong positions in Alsace.

Oct. 7--Germans report bombardment of Lanaeken when civilians attack them; Germans closing in on Antwerp and have crossed the Nethe; fighting near Ghent; Allies drive German cavalry back from Lille and gain at Roye; skirmish at Ypres; Allies reinforced; Germans are still shelling Rheims.

Oct. 8--Antwerp bombarded by German siege guns and Zeppelins; Germans cross the Scheldt; Allies gain near Arras, which is being shelled by Germans; Germans cut railway lines near Ypres; cavalry fights on the Belgian frontier.

Oct. 9--Germans claim progress near St. Mihiel and in the Argonne district; Germans report fall of Fort Breendonk; Antwerp aflame; fighting around Roye; cavalry battles near Lille; Germans occupy Courtrai and destroy bridges between Brussels and Mons.

Oct. 10--Antwerp surrenders, Belgian Army escapes; widespread ruin in city; some British troops driven into Holland; fighting at Arras continues; Germans bombard Lokeron; Germans report gains at St. Mihiel and in the Argonne region.

Oct. 11--Germans occupy Antwerp; main British and Belgian defending armies reach Ostend; fighting near Soissons; German attacks in Caronne region repulsed; Allies win in centre; Arras free from Germans; British official report tells how the Germans were routed near Bray.

Oct. 12--Germans enter Ghent; Allies fight to check German reinforcements; fighting at Lasigny and Lens; Germans mass around Ypres; cavalry fighting near Lille.

Oct. 13--Germans press on toward Ostend; severe fighting in Argonne district; Germans take Lille and occupy Hazebrouck and Ypres; Germans occupy Ghent and move on Bruges.

Oct. 14--Belgian Army leaves Ostend and joins Allies in field; Allies reoccupy Ypres; French gain near border; German battalion trapped in canal in Lorraine.

Oct. 15--Allies retake Estaires and report gains at several points; Germans deny repulses and occupy Bruges, Thielt, Daume, and Esschen; German convoy captured by French.

*CAMPAIGN IN THE FAR EAST.*

Aug. 4--Japanese Government's proclamation prepares people for war in behalf of England.

Aug. 6--Germans fortify Tsing-tau.

Aug. 11--Japan requisitions transports.

Aug. 16--Japan sends ultimatum to Germany demanding withdrawal of fleet in Far Eastern waters and giving up of Kiao-Chau.

Aug. 17--Official announcement that Japan's action will be limited to China Sea and to protection of her trade; ultimatum to Germany made with concurrence of England.

Aug. 18--Count Okuma emphasizes Japan's limitation of war and England reassures United States.

Aug. 19--Germany will reject Japan's demands.

Aug. 20--Kaiser orders resistance to Japan at Kiao-Chau; Japanese Foreign Office makes statement explaining ultimatum to Germany.

Aug. 22--Germany ignores Japan's demands: time limit ends, Japanese envoy ordered to leave Berlin; Japan is expected to make war move at once.

Aug. 23--Japan declares war on Germany.

Aug. 24--Germans blow up bridges to halt Japanese invasion of Kiao-Chau.

Aug. 26--War declared by Austria against Japan; British destroy German wireless and cable stations on Island of Yap.

Aug. 29--Germans lay mines at Kiao-Chau and fire at landing party at Cape Jaeschke.

Aug. 30--Japanese troops landed near Kiao-Chau; forts fire at destroyer.

Aug. 31--Japanese occupy two islands.

Sept. 2--Japan lands force at Lung-kow; German Legation protests against violation of China's neutrality.

Sept. 3--Japanese occupy seven islands near Kiao-Chau, clear waters of mines, and land more troops at Lung-kow; China protests against violation of her neutrality.

Sept. 9--Japanese advance southward in Shantung.

Sept. 14--Japanese flank Kiao-Chau.

Sept. 15--Japanese cavalry captures Chimo; vanguard of Japanese Army reaches Kiao-Chau.

Sept. 19--Japanese seize Kiao-Chau station and train and land troops at Laoshan.

Sept. 20--Japanese cavalry in clash with German outposts near Tsing-tau.

Sept. 22--Australians seize German wireless station on Island of Nauru.

Sept. 24--British troops land near Laoshan, China.

Sept. 26--Japanese advance on Fangate, where Germans hold valuable mines.

Sept. 27--Japanese defeat Germans on outskirts of Kiao-Chau; food supply in city short.

Sept. 28--Japanese approach Tsing-tau.

Sept. 29--Japanese invest Tsing-tau; Chinese blow up railroad bridges to hinder progress of Japanese troops.

Sept. 30--Germans abandon artillery as Japanese reach Lao-Che.

Oct. 1--Germans destroy railroad bridge at Ta-yu-ho.

Oct. 4--Japanese march along railroad to Wei-Hsein; one Chinese killed.

Oct. 5--Japanese repulse night attack of Germans at Tsing-tau.

Oct. 6--Germans plan to destroy Shantung Railway.

Oct. 7--Japanese seize Island of Yap; Japanese bring siege guns before Tsing-tau.

Oct. 8--German fire slackens at Tsing-tau.

Oct. 13--Arrangements made for departure of non-combatants before final attack on Kiao-Chau.

*CAMPAIGN IN AFRICA.*

Aug. 8--British seize Port Lome, Togoland.

Aug. 9--French are in Togoland.

Aug. 26--Germans surrender Togoland.

Aug. 28--German troops attack Belgian Congo.

Sept. 10--Germans defeated by British in Nyassaland.

Sept. 13--Germans occupy Karangu, British East Africa.

Sept. 15--British defeat Germans in Namaqualand.

Sept. 18--Germans defeated by garrison of seven British at Nakob.

Sept. 22--Germans repulsed in attack on fort in Voi district.

Sept. 24--Germans at Schuckmannsberg surrender to police.

Sept. 25--Australian force takes German New Guinea.

Sept. 26--French seize Coco Beach, Kamerun; British occupy Luederitz Bay; Germans raid Walfish Bay.

Sept. 28--German Congo seized by British and French.

Oct. 13--Detachment of Boers under Col. Maritz rebels because of the pro-British stand taken by the Government of South Africa; martial law proclaimed in colony; British imprison Germans in British East Africa and Germans imprison British in German East Africa.

Oct. 14--There are but few men in the Maritz rebel force; silence of Boer leaders is found disquieting in England.

Oct. 15--Col. Brits's force captures eighty rebels under Col. Maritz; Gen. Botha takes field; prominent men arrested on charge of treason.

*NAVAL RECORD*.

July 26--British and French fleets ready for action; Servian vessels in Danube seized by Austrians; German fleet ordered concentrated in home waters; Italy masses fleet.

July 29 and 30--British fleet leaves Portland; British and German fleets in Far East mobilize.

July 31--German squadron stops merchant vessels in Danish waters; British warships near; Montenegrin King's yacht escapes Austrian destroyers.

Aug. 2--Fight between German and Russian cruisers off Libau; German High Sea Fleet seizes Wilson liner Castro and a collier; fleets assemble in Far East.

Aug. 3--Germans chase Norwegian food ship.

Aug. 4--Rival warships off Port of New York; British mine layer sunk by German fleet; British fleet will aim to destroy Kiel Canal.

Aug. 5--British third flotilla has battle with Germans in North Sea; cruiser Amphion damaged; German mine layer Koenigen Luise sunk; many German merchant ships seized by English, French, and Russians; Germans bombard Sveaborg, torpedo boat blown up.

Aug. 6--British cruiser Amphion sunk by mine; French capture German tank steamer; Germans capture Russian ship.

Aug. 7--British and German cruisers reported in fight off Brazilian coast; British steamers destroyed by mines off German and Turkish coasts; British capture German steamer Schlesien; German merchant ship captured by French; Germans capture Russian cruiser; Japanese warships off port of Tsing-tau; German cruisers Goeben and Breslau leave Genoa.

Aug. 8--Thirty-six German ships seized by Belgians; Russians capture Austrian and German merchant steamers; British capture German ship, said to be North German Lloyd liner; naval fight in Adriatic; interest in position of Goeben and Breslau; bombardment of Libau reported by ship Captain.

Aug. 9--British sink German submarine; cruiser Essex takes ship at sea; Goeben and Breslau in the Dardanelles; two German steamers taken at Rouen and one at Colombo; England and France protest against German steamer Karlsruhe coaling at Porto Rico; firing off Shanghai; British fleet proceeds to Tsing-tau; Austrian cruisers bombard Antivari.

Aug. 10--Cruiser Birmingham sinks German submarine U-15; British close North Sea to fishing fleets; Dutch steamer sunk in Baltic; Belgians seize two Austrian steamers; English and Canadian steamers hunt in Atlantic for German cruisers.

Aug. 11--Battle in the Adriatic; Russians capture twenty German merchant vessels in Baltic.

Aug. 12--German destroyer sunk by mine off South Gedser.

Aug. 13--German cruisers bombard Windau; France will check Austria's navy; British said to have bottled up German Far Eastern squadron; German cruisers Goeben and Breslau are flying Turkish flag.

Aug. 15--Japanese Navy sails to join British fleet; Triple Entente demands that Turkey repatriate crews of German cruisers; Austrian liner blown up by mine in the Adriatic; British capture Austrian liner Marienbad; German steamer W.W. Schneefels brought to Gibraltar as war prize.

Aug. 16--French fleet said to have sunk two Austrian ships in the Adriatic.

Aug. 17--German dreadnought said to be damaged in Norwegian port; French sink Austrian cruiser in the Adriatic; German cruiser Karlsruhe said to have sunk four British merchantmen; British cruisers capture Hamburg-American liners Cap Ortegal and Santa Catharina.

Aug. 18--Two German cruisers captured and taken to Hongkong; fight between British and German patrol fleets.

Aug. 20--British steamer Hostilius captured by German cruiser Dresden; German fleet said to have shelled three Russian ports.

Aug. 21--British and French warships and Montenegrin batteries bombard Cattaro; two German Hansa liners seized at Bombay and Hamburg-American ship at Rangoon.

Aug. 22--Steamers Maryland and Broberg sunk by mines in North Sea; two Dutch steamers reported sunk; German cruiser Dresden sinks British steamer Hyades; British cruiser Glasgow captures German ship Santa Kathina; French capture German four-master and Austrian steamer; account made public of sinking of Austrian battleship Zrinyi.

Aug. 23--Anglo-French fleets destroy Austrian cruiser Zenta and bombard Cattaro; Dutch steamer Alcor blown up by Russians to block Hango harbor; report that French, English, and Russian vessels are aiding Japan to blockade Kiao-Chau.

Aug. 24--Japanese fleet has begun bombardment of Tsing-tau; Cattaro badly damaged by British and French fleets.

Aug. 25--German steamer Elizabeth sunk.

Aug. 26--British defeated in battle with German torpedo boat off Kiao-Chau.

Aug. 27--British cruiser Highflyer sinks Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse; British marines occupy Ostend; German cruiser Magdeburg sunk in Gulf of Finland; mines in North Sea sink a Danish and a Norwegian steamer; Japanese bombard island near Kiao-Chau and blockade port.

Aug. 28--British fleet sinks two German cruisers, sets fire to third, and sinks two torpedo boats off Heligoland; Germans fire at Japanese fleet near Kiao-Chau; Austrian destroyer sunk by British off Corfu; British cruiser Welland sinks German torpedo destroyer; other German ships captured; six vessels blown up in North Sea by mines; Russians capture crew of German cruiser Magdeburg.

Aug. 29--Port of Cape Jaeschke blocked by Japanese warships; passenger steamer destroyed by mines near Russian port.

Aug. 30--British official account of battle off Heligoland; New Zealand expeditionary force captures Apia.

Aug. 31--German gunboat shells abandoned Japanese destroyer at Kiao-Chau.

Sept. 2--British and French ships again bombard Cattaro; steam drifter Eyrie sunk by mine in North Sea.

Sept. 4--British cruiser sinks Austrian steamer Bathori in Bay of Biscay; British gunboat Speedy sunk by mine in North Sea; British steamship Bowes Castle sunk by German cruiser off St. Lucia.

Sept. 5--German ships sink fifteen British trawlers in North Sea.

Sept. 6--Cruiser Pathfinder destroyed by mine.

Sept. 7--British submarine strikes German warships in Bremerhaven Harbor.

Sept. 10--British capture German, collier.

Sept. 11--Germans destroy Russian steamer Uleaborg.

Sept. 12--Australian Navy occupies Herbertshoehe in Bismarck Archipelago; British take German coal ship Heinze.

Sept. 14--Germans capture Fanning Island and cable station; German cruiser Hela sunk.

Sept. 17--German fleets fire on each other in Baltic by mistake; British cruiser seizes Holland-America, liner Ryndam: French cruiser Conde captures German storeship Helna; Canadian Pacific liner made a British cruiser in Pacific; German cruiser Luxemburg reported to have sunk three British freighters in West Indies.

Sept. 19--Australian submarine AE-1 lost; Austrian warship Viribus Unitis damaged in Adriatic.

Sept. 20--Carmania sinks German merchant cruiser Cap Trafalgar; German cruiser Königsberg disables British cruiser Pegasus; fighting between British and German ships in Kamerun River, Africa; six British ships captured by German cruiser Emden; damaged Russian warships arrive at Helsingfors; Austrian torpedo boat 27 sunk at Pola; German cruiser Stettin fights British warships.

Sept. 21--British steamer Clan Matheson sunk by German cruiser Emden; crews of six captured vessels landed in India.

Sept. 22--British cruiser Berwick captures Hamburg-American liner Spreewald and two German colliers; German submarine U-9 sinks British cruisers Cressy, Aboukir, and Hogue in North Sea; British steamer Belgian King sunk near Cape Kureli.

Sept. 23--Russian cruiser Bayan sinks German cruiser and two torpedo boats; Germany says submarine U-9 sunk British ships unaided in North Sea fight yesterday; Austrian cruisers Maria Theresia and Admiral Staun damaged; trawler Kilmarnock sunk by mine.

Sept. 24--Two Austrian torpedo boats and one destroyer sunk by mines in the Adriatic; Norwegian steamer Hesvik sunk in North Sea; cruiser Emden bombards Madras; Anglo-French fleet again bombards Cattaro.

Sept. 25--Kronprinz Wilhelm sinks British steamer Indian Prince; British charge that Germans fired on Carmania after white flag was raised.

Sept. 26--Fortress of Pelagosa dismantled by Anglo-French fleet; British cruiser Cornwall seizes Dutch steamer with coal consigned to Rio de Janeiro; French gunboat Surprise sinks two German ships and seizes Coco Beach, West Africa; British capture German ship Ossa and seize American ship Lorenzo and Norwegian ship Thor accused of coaling German cruiser.

Sept. 28--French warship sunk at Cattaro by forts.

Sept. 29--German cruiser Emden has sunk five British steamers in Gulf of Bengal and has destroyed all tank steamers at Madras; British warships bombard Tsing-tau forts.

Sept. 30--British cruiser Cumberland captures Hamburg-American liner Arnfried and nine merchant steamers; Italian ships sunk by Austrian mines.

Oct. 1--Account given out of bombardment of Windau by German squadron; fighting between German and Japanese warships in Kiao-Chau Harbor.

Oct. 2--British Admiralty plans to lay mines as counterstroke to German policy; German cruisers shell Papeéte, capital of French Island of Tahiti; French gunboat sinks German auxiliary ships Rhios and Itolo; German cruiser Liepzig sinks Union oil tanker Elsinore.

Oct. 3--German cruiser Karlsruhe sinks seven British ships; British steamer Dawdon and Norwegian steamer Thomos sunk by mines; German steamer Mark bottled up in Philippine port; Italian boat sunk by Austrian mine; Japanese cruiser blown up by mine in Laoshan Bay.

Oct. 4--Anglo-French fleet bombards Cattaro and destroys Lustica; Dutch steamer Nieuwland sunk by mine in North Sea; Rear Admiral Troubridge recalled from Mediterranean to London to explain escape of German cruisers Goeben and Breslau.

Oct. 5--Japanese capture Jaluit Island; British grain ship sunk by mine near Dover; Japanese shells hit German gunboat Iltis in Tsing-tau Harbor.

Oct. 6--French lay mines in Adriatic to offset similar action by Austrians.

Oct. 7--British submarine sinks German destroyer off mouth of River Ems; six Austrian torpedo craft reported sunk by mines in the Adriatic; British trawler blown up in the North Sea.

Oct. 9--It is announced that thirty-two German merchant ships were destroyed at Antwerp.

Oct. 10--Japanese warships silence Iltis forts.

Oct. 11--French fleet sinks two Austrian torpedo boats.

Oct. 12--German submarine sinks Russian cruiser Pallada.

Oct. 13--Russians claim that Germans lost two submarines in attack on Pallada.

Oct. 14--Report denied by Germans.

Oct. 15--British cruiser Yarmouth sinks German liner Markomannia.

*AERIAL RECORD.*

Aug. 2--Report that French aviators have dropped bombs on Nürnberg; German troops shoot down French aeroplanes near Wesel; report that Garros, French aviator, wrecked German airship at Longwy; French aeroplanes dispatched toward Nancy.

Aug. 3--German airships fly over Belgium.

Aug. 5--Duel between Belgian and German aviators; Austrians report destruction of Russian aeroplane.

Aug. 13--German aeroplane pursued by Belgians; German aviator throws bomb on Vesoul.

Aug. 15--Harmless bombs thrown by German aviators on Vesoul and Lure; French aviators throw bombs on Zeppelins in Metz; five men wounded in Namur by bombs thrown from German aeroplanes.

Aug. 18--Three Zeppelins wrecked by gunfire, one by fall; German monoplane drops bombs on Lunéville; German aeroplane destroyed near Samno, Russia.

Aug. 19--German monoplane captured in Belgium.

Aug. 20--Pegoud's airship destroyed in flight to drop bombs in Germany; Dutch capture German aeroplanes.

Aug. 23--French destroy Zeppelin.

Aug. 24--France believes five German Zeppelins are out of action.

Aug. 25--Zeppelin bombs fall in Antwerp.

Aug. 29--Russians bring down Zeppelin.

Aug. 30--German aeroplane drops bombs on Paris; French Embassy in Washington denies that aeroplanes bombarded Nürnberg.

Aug. 31--German aeroplane drops bombs on Paris.

Sept. 1--German aeroplane drops bombs on Paris.

Sept. 2--Fight between French and German aeroplanes; Zeppelin renews attack on Antwerp.

Sept. 3--German aeroplanes drop bombs on British transport on the Seine and on Belfort; German aeroplane over Paris destroyed, aviators killed.

Sept. 4--Three German aeroplanes wrecked by French.

Sept. 9--Russian and Austrian aviators killed in battle.

Sept. 12--German aviators killed in battle with French near Troyes.

Sept. 14--Japanese aeroplane drops bomb in Kiao-Chau.

Sept. 17--Berlin claims that no Zeppelins have been destroyed.

Sept. 18--Bomb dropped on Antwerp; Japanese aviator sets fire to ship in Kiao-Chau Bay.

Sept. 20--Vedrines kills German aviator; French aviator Chevilliard captured by Germans.

Sept. 21--Japanese aeroplanes wreck two forts at Tsing-tau.

Sept. 23--British drop bombs on Zeppelin shed at Düsseldorf; London fears Zeppelin attacks and reduces lights to minimum.

Sept. 24--Zeppelin drops three bombs in Belgium; French capture five Taube machines from Germans; destruction of Zeppelin by Russians near Sieradz.

Sept. 25--Duel between Belgian and German aviators over Brussels; Zeppelin drops bombs in Ostend; London prepares to repel attacks.

Sept. 26--Zeppelin raids Warsaw.

Sept. 27--Man killed and child crippled in Paris; three killed in Warsaw.

Sept. 29--Zeppelin drops bombs on two Belgian towns.

Sept. 30--Japanese aeroplanes attack Kiao-Chau Harbor.

Oct. 1--Zeppelin drops bomb near Antwerp, but is driven off.

Oct. 2--Germans report capture of thirty French aeroplanes; it is learned that aviators patrolled the Straits of Dover during passage of British expeditionary force; German aviators drop messages to Russian troops.

Oct. 5--Searchlight tests made in London in preparation for Zeppelin raids.

Oct. 6--It is announced that German airship aided in sinking British cruisers; commander and crew decorated by Kaiser.

Oct. 7--London insures against damage from Zeppelin raids as air fleet is prepared at Wilhelmshaven; French aviators set fire to German aeroplanes.

Oct. 8--German aeroplanes drop bombs on Paris and Antwerp.

Oct. 9--British air squadron destroys Zeppelin in hangar at Düsseldorf.

Oct. 11--Three killed, fourteen injured from bombs dropped on Paris by German aviators; Zeppelin over Ostend driven away by guns; Japanese drop bombs in Tsing-tau.

Oct. 12--Six more bombs dropped on Paris.

Oct. 13--French rout German aviators near Paris.

Oct. 14--French aviator decorated for bringing down German; Cossacks bring down Zeppelin near Warsaw; bombs dropped on Nancy.

*AMERICAN INTERESTS.*

July 26--Americans are leaving Carlsbad and other resorts.

July 29--Tourists in Paris abandon plans to go eastward; many in London take chances and go into Austria.

July 31--Exodus from Geneva; war panic among American tourists in Paris; President Wilson directs State Department to ask Ambassador Herrick to remain at his post; many left in London as sailing of the Imperator is canceled.

Aug. 1--Many demand passports in France; Americans in London will organize for relief work.

Aug. 2--Americans in Paris form committee to aid countrymen; refugees from Continent arrive in London; Ambassador Gerard appeals for funds; State Department has no funds, but will forward deposits for refugees.

Aug. 3--Bankers and Treasury Department officials agree on plan for $3,500,000 gold shipment to tourists; hundreds reach Paris after many hardships; fear in Berlin; both houses of Congress pass bill appropriating $250,000 for relief; embassies will distribute funds.

Aug. 4--Mrs. O.H. Kahn loses automobiles in France; tourists unable to leave Germany; many destitute in Paris; automobiles requisitioned for war; President Wilson approves plan to send $5,000,000 from bankers and national appropriation of $2,500,000 in gold; cruiser Tennessee will carry it.

Aug. 5--Ambassador Herrick issues transports to stranded in Paris; millionaires leave in cattle train for Havre; Ambassador Page praises spirit of refugees; two committees in London to relieve distress; cruiser Tennessee prepares to sail with relief fund; Congress votes $2,500,000 appropriation; cruiser North Carolina will follow with more gold if needed; Mayor Mitchel appoints relief committee.

Aug. 6--Americans in London get funds from Transportation Committee; many obtain certificates of American citizenship in Paris; Tennessee leaves with gold; Secretary Garrison will use transports rather than pay exorbitant prices to charter ships; Board of Relief named to supervise distribution of funds appropriated by Congress.

Aug. 7--Baroness von Andre and Anne W.N. Davis tell of brutal treatment by German soldiers; Mrs. Philip Lydig tells of kind treatment by French; Mrs. Herrick's American Ambulance Corps organized; $100,000 sent by Treasury to Paris and $25,000 to Italy; many Americans leave via Denmark; French and German railways will be open for departure of Americans after mobilization is completed.

Aug. 8--A.M. Huntington and wife reported to be arrested in Bavaria and held as spies; 7,000 Americans leave England; committee of American and English bankers formed to administer $3,000,000 gold shipment; Secretary Garrison confers with Haniel von Heimhausen, German Chargé d'Affaires, who says Americans will be allowed to leave Germany.

Aug. 9--One thousand five hundred Americans apply [Transcriber: original 'appy'] at Paris Embassy for transports; refugees arrive on the New York; mines menace relief cruisers.

Aug. 10--Mayor of Berlin and others move to care for refugees in Germany; many stranded in Bermuda.

Aug. 11--Cancellation of sailing of Olympic causes rush for steerage on ships leaving London; Mrs. W.H. Page heads committee to look after school teachers; Secretary Bryan orders Ambassador Gerard to make representations regarding Mr. and Mrs. Huntington.

Aug. 12--One thousand refugees arrive in New York, on S.S. Philadelphia; Embassy in Paris arranges for relief of tourists all over France; Secretary Bryan says Huntingtons are safe; refugees arrive on Holland-America liner Potsdam.

Aug. 13--Ambassador Page is seeking ships that may be chartered in London; army officers will aid relief work in Paris; fourteen tourists reached England via Arctic Sea; Secretary Bryan warns all Americans going abroad to get passports; emergency passports to be issued; people in Berlin open homes to Americans; Minister Whitlock reports Consulate at Liége exposed to fire.