Chapter I: Am for Peace! (10)

"His wife?" "The woman lives, yet dies
Daily, and with the grace
Men say befits her sacrifice,
As it befits her race."

"What was her race, and your friend's rank?
Was he of the first line?
And was he Briton, Russ, or Frank,
Or from beside the Rhine?"

"Ah, many thousand times untold
My friend was each of these,
And went from mart or forge or fold,
To drown in red, red seas!"

Chronology of the War

Showing Progress of Campaigns on All Fronts and Collateral Events from Oct. 15, 1914, to and Including Jan. 7, 1915.[9]

[Footnote 9: This war chronology is continued from the issue of Jan. 23, and will be carried on in successive issues.]

CAMPAIGN IN EASTERN EUROPE

Oct. 16--German-Austrian forces assume offensive between the Vistula River and Galicia; fighting near Warsaw and Przemysl; Germans forced back into arid country from vicinity of Ivangorod; Servians and Montenegrins defeat Austrians at Glasinatz.

Oct. 17--Germans advance near Mlawa; their attempts to cross the Vistula repulsed; Austrians claim successes in Galicia; Montenegrins, French, and British bombard Cattaro.

Oct. 18--Austrians repulsed at River San; both sides claim victories in Przemysl district; report that Germans have lost heavily in trying to cross the Vistula at Ivangorod; Servians rout Austrians on the Save and the Drina.

Oct. 19--Fierce fighting near Warsaw and Przemysl; Servians capture Serajevo forts.

Oct. 20--Przemysl forts damaged; Austrians advance in Stryi and Stica Valleys; Servians win at Prekiet.

Oct. 21--Russian General Staff announces German rout in Poland and halting of Austrians at the San; Servians repel Austrian attacks in Bosnia.

Oct. 22--Russians defeat Germans near Warsaw; Russians capture many Austrian soldiers and some guns in Galicia.

Oct. 23--Russians pursue retreating Austrians in Poland; Germans move fortified positions to River Warthe and claim victory west of Augustowo; Austrians reoccupy Czernowitz and announce capture of fortifications around Sambor.

Oct. 24--Russians drive Germans back forty miles from Warsaw; fighting south of Piliza River; Berlin reports repulse of attacks west of Augustowo; fighting in Galicia; both sides claim victory in Bosnia.

Oct. 25--Russians defeat German rear guard trying to cross the Rivers Ravka, Skernevka, and Rylka; German-Austrian forces repulsed near Przemysl; fighting in Bosnia.

Oct. 26--Battle raging between Rawa and the Iijanka River.

Oct. 27--New Russian Army crosses the Vistula north of Ivangorod; Russians drive Germans from Rawa; Austrians claim victory in Galicia.

Oct. 28--Germans admit that German and Austrian troops have been forced to retire from Russian Poland as fresh Russians come up; fighting along River San; Hungarian cavalry division almost annihilated in Galicia.

Oct. 29--Russians split opposing armies north and south of Piliza River; Northern German army in retreat.

Oct. 30--German Army retreating from the Vistula is hard pressed by the Russians, who capture guns and aeroplanes and reoccupy Czernowitz; Austrian defeat near Tarnow.

Oct. 31--Germans lose heavily on East Prussian line; Russians occupy towns beyond the Vistula; Austrians capture several Russian positions and win victory on border of Bukowina.

Nov. 1--Russians regain more of Poland and advance along whole front beyond the Vistula; fighting at Opatow; Montenegrins bombard Cattaro and advance in Herzegovina; Austrian movement checked at Nadworna.

Nov. 2--Russians advance on East Prussia, while northern force covers Warsaw; Germans retreat in three lines; German-Austrian armies in Poland make another stand; battle between Austrians and Servians near Rovrye.

Nov. 3--Russians continue advances in East Prussia and Poland; Austrians storm Sabao.

Nov. 4--Russians capture Barkalarjewo, drive left wing of German Army back toward Biala and Lyck, and dislodge rear guards from Kola and Przedborz; Austrians defeated on entire front from Kielce to Sandomierz.

Nov. 5--Germans in critical position; frost a new misery of the campaign.

Nov. 6--Russians recapture Jaroslaw; Austrians in retreat along entire Galician front; Germans continue to retreat in East Prussia.

Nov. 7--Russians attack last fortified German position at Sieradz on the Warthe; Germans check Russians at Kola; Austrian Embassy at Washington denies defeat.

Nov. 8--Russian cavalry invades Posen Province and destroys railroad near Pleschen; German border population in Posen and Silesia in flight; Russians in Wirballen; Przemysl again attacked.

Nov. 9--Russians are sweeping over the Prussian frontier; they occupy Goldapp; Germans withdraw further from the Vistula; Austrians are pushed back toward Cracow; Russians take many prisoners near Przemysl; Germans win victory near Wyschtuniz Lake and capture 4,000 prisoners; Servians force Austrian retirement near Shabats; Russians are twenty miles from Insterburg and seventy from Posen; Kaiser's estate at Riminten ruined.

Nov. 10--Right wing of German Army driven back toward Masuran Lakes; Germans rush reinforcements to Thorn and Posen; Russians occupy Miechow; Austrians defeat Servians near Losnitza.

Nov. 11--Russians attack Cracow defenses; Austrians are pursuing Servians on Shabats-Losnitza line.

Nov. 12--Russians control East Prussian frontier railway; siege of Przemysl resumed; Austrians win victory at Pruth; at the San River they try to halt advance on Cracow; Servians rout Austrians who attempt to cross the Danube near Semandria.

Nov. 13--Austrians evacuate Central Galicia; Russians take Tarnow, Jaslo, and Krosno; Germans face about and advance on Poland on forty-mile front; Germans defeat Russians in Galicia and near Kola.

Nov. 14--Russians continue advance in East Prussia; they cross the River Schreniava about fifteen miles from Cracow; Germans have successes at Stallupoenen and Vlaclaweo.

Nov. 15--Germans withdraw from Kalisz and Weljun; they are repulsed near Czenstochow; Russians reach Angerburg.

Nov. 16--Germans check Russian advance in East Prussia at Stallupoenen; Russians advancing from Soldau are defeated and driven back toward Plock; Russians in Russian Poland driven back to Kutno after German success at Wlozlawsk; Cracow is besieged.

Nov. 17--Great battle is being fought in Poland between the Vistula and Warthe Rivers; Germans are falling back on the entire line between Gumbinnen and Angerburg; Austrians reach the Kolubara River and capture 8,000 Servians.

Nov. 18--Russian advance guard between the Vistula and the Warthe driven back toward the Bzura; battle fought at Soldau; Russians advance in East Prussia; Servians and Montenegrins win fight near Trebinje forts.

Nov. 19--Russians driven back behind the Bzura; Germans, reinforced, advance twelve miles beyond Lenczyca; Russians push forward in East Prussia and Galicia.

Nov. 20--Russians check von Hindenburg on the Vistula-Warthe line and win success near Lodz; both sides claim successes on Cracow-Czentochowo line; Russian advance continues in East Prussia around Masurian Lakes; Russians take four towns in Galicia.

Nov. 21--Russians take Przemysl trenches and find them filled with lime as cholera preventive; heavy fighting in Poland; fighting at Cracow; lull in East Prussia; Servians fall back on strong positions; they deny Austrian reports of victories.

Nov. 22--German Army advances to forty miles from Warsaw; fighting on line from Lowicz to Skierniewice; Russians take Gumbinnen; Austrians evacuate Neu Sandec; Russians take 2,000 prisoners near Cracow; Austrians cross Kolubara River and capture many Servians.

Nov. 23--German advance on Warsaw checked by arrival of Russian reinforcements; many Germans captured near Lowicz; Austrians capture 2,400 Russians at Pilica; successful sortie by Przemysl garrison.

Nov. 24--Ten-day battle in Poland ends in Russian victory, Germans being pressed back.

Nov. 25--Left wing of main German Army surrounded in Russian Poland; remainder of army tries to retreat north of Lodz; von Hindenburg reported cut off from Crown Prince; Russians again invade Hungary and corner Austrians in Carpathian passes; Servians rout Austrians who crossed the Kolubara.

Nov. 26--Russians report continued successes, while Germans report victories between Lodz and Lowicz; Servians make gains; Austrians report Przemysl undamaged.

Nov. 27--Germans are sending reinforcements; Austrians admit evacuation of Czernowitz; Montenegrins defeat Austrians near Vishegrad.

Nov. 28--Germans retreat in Poland, fighting hard; Russians gain near Cracow, and near Strykow; Russians in Czernowitz.

Nov. 29--Montenegrins defeat Austrians in Bosnia; Russians split German Army at Lodz into three parts and repulse relief column at Gombin; fighting at Strykow and Zgierz; fighting in the Carpathians.

Nov. 30--Three battles are being fought in Poland; Russians report capture of ten miles of German trenches near Lowicz; Russians fail in attack on Darkehmen; Russians have successes in Galicia and the Carpathians.

Dec. 1--Germans break through Russian wing near Lodz, capturing 12,000 prisoners and 25 guns; Russians claim they have taken 50,600 Austrian prisoners in two weeks in Galicia; Austrians claim victories and capture of 35,000 Russians in Poland; Russians seize German ammunition barges on the Vistula; Servians capture 1,500 Austrians on the River Djid; Germans are suffering from the cold in Poland.

Dec. 2--Austrians take Belgrade; both sides claim victories in Poland; Russians win at Szczercow, enter Wieliczka, and occupy strong positions on the Vistula; Montenegrins repulse Austrians trying to cut them off from Servians.

Dec. 3--Germans claim capture of 100,000 Russians in battles in Poland; they attempt to flank Russian right wing; Austrians repulse assaults on Przemysl; Russians take Bartfeld; Austrians report continued victories and say that Belgrade was taken at the bayonet's point.

Dec. 4--Russians win at Lodz; Germans have suffered heavy losses in Poland; Allies land troops in Montenegro.

Dec. 5--Germans, reinforced, form new battle line and move on Piotrkow, after losing heavily at Lodz.

Dec. 6--Germans occupy Lodz and drive wedge into Russian centre; one Przemysl fort falls; Russians shell Cracow.

Dec. 7--Russians bombard Cracow suburbs; new battle on in Poland; Russians besiege fortress of Lotzen; Germans abandon Zgier; Servians check Austrian advance.

Dec. 8--Germans again in Cracow.

Dec. 9--Servians recapture towns of Valjevo and Ushirza, and take many Austrian prisoners; Germans lose heavily in attack on Lowicz; Austrians defeated near Cracow; Russians claim that they have 750,000 Austrian and German prisoners in Russia.

Dec. 10--Servians capture many Austrians and large stores of supplies.

Dec. 11--Three German columns repulsed in Poland; Austrians defeated north of Kesmaj and Parovnitza.

Dec. 12--Servians repulse Austrians at Kosmai; Germans occupy Przanysz, but their front line is pierced; Lodz has been evacuated by the Russians.

Dec. 13--Germans are defeated in Mlawa region; Posen prepares for a siege; Austrian right wing, driven into Bosnia by the Servians, is attacked by Montenegrins.

Dec. 14--Servians reoccupy Belgrade; Austrians reoccupy Dukla in the Carpathians and capture 9,000 Russians; Germans gain in Northern Poland.

Dec. 15--Austrians abandon Belgrade without a battle; Germans rush fresh troops to the Vistula; Austrians recross Carpathians into Galicia and drive Russian left back toward the San River.

Dec. 16--King Peter enters Belgrade at head of an army; Servian General Staff announces that country is free of invaders; Russians have new army in Warsaw.

Dec. 17--Germans report Russian offensive against Silesia and Posen to be completely broken; battle at Sochaczew; Austrians have success in West Galicia.

Dec. 18--Russians admit falling back and shifting battle lines, but they deny defeat; Russians win in Galicia between Sanok and Lisko; Austrians announce capture of Piotrkow and Przedborz.

Dec. 19--Germans capture Lowicz; battle on the Bzura; fighting in Galicia; Russians hold lines on Dunajec River against spirited attacks; Austria claims to hold all West Galicia.

Dec. 20--Von Hindenburg follows up his success at Lowicz; German wedge driven further toward Warsaw; Russians cross the Bzura and destroy bridges behind them; Death's Head Hussars reported as having been caught in a Russian trap and almost annihilated; Servians and Montenegrins again invade Bosnia.

Dec. 21--Russians claim that Germans are being pursued into German territory; both sides claim advantages in Poland.

Dec. 22--Russian Army menaces Thorn-Allenstein-Insterburg Railroad; Germans re-form to protect it; von Hindenburg's left threatened by a new invasion of Germany; Germans cross branches of Bzura and Rawka Rivers; Austrians are defeated in the Carpathians.

Dec. 23--Austrians defeated in Carpathians and Southern Galicia.

Dec. 25--Movement of civilians to interior of East Prussia.

Dec. 26--Russians gain in South.

Dec. 28--Russians have raised the siege of Cracow to shatter Austrian armies attempting flank movement; Russians believe German attack on Warsaw has been checked.

Dec. 30--Germans retreat over the Bzura; Russians advance in South Poland.

Dec. 31--Germans claim to have taken 136,000 prisoners, 100 cannon, and 300 machine guns in Poland since November; reports from Petrograd state that the Germans lost 200,000 men at the Bzura.

Jan. 1--Russians invade Hungary; Germans in Poland move south; Austrian Army split by Russian operations in Carpathian region.

Jan. 2--Germans commence offensive movement against Kielce; Germans fortify captured Polish towns.

Jan. 3--Germans capture Bolimow; German advance on Kielce fails, as well as German advance between Bzura and Rawka Rivers; Russians take thousands of Austrian prisoners and sweep through Bukowina; Germans rush to defend Cracow.

Jan. 4--Russians occupy Suczawa; Cracow again threatened.

Jan. 5--Russians defeat Austrians in Uzsok Pass and prepare to invade Transylvania; Germans renew activities along the Vistula.

Jan. 6--New Russian army to take offensive against Germans at Mlawa; rain is interfering with many field operations; Germans help Austrians check advance against Cracow.

Jan. 7--Mud is hampering Germans.

CAMPAIGN IN WESTERN EUROPE.

Oct. 16--Germans occupy Ostend; battle line reaches the sea; Allies gain near Lille; French are near Metz; Allies check Germans in attempt to reach Dunkirk.

Oct. 17--Germans advancing again on Dunkirk; sharp fighting in Alsace; British take Fromelles; Allies take Fleurbaix and claim gains on line from Ypres Canal to the sea.

Oct. 18--Announcement that Allies' left has pushed forward thirty miles; they retake Armentieres; battle near Nieuport; Belgians repulse German attacks at River Yser; French repulse attack on St. Die and cut railroad in Alsace; Germans evacuate Courtrai; German forces in Bruges move toward French frontier.

Oct. 19--Allies advance between Nieuport and Dixmude; fighting from Ostend to Lille.

Oct. 20--Germans gain near Lille; Allies report recapture of Bruges.

Oct. 21--Allies repulse German attacks at Nieuport, Dixmude, and La Bassée; heavy fighting on the Yser; Germans gain near Lille.

Oct. 22--Battling on the coast; Allies helped by their fleets; cavalry battle at Lille.

Oct. 23--German right wing reinforced and gains ground at La Bassée; Allies gain near Armentieres; French retake Altkirch; heavy fighting between the Ghent-Bruges line and Roulers.

Oct. 24--French gain at Nieuport, but lose ground near Dixmude and La Bassée; desperate fighting along Yser Canal.

Oct. 25--Germans cross Yser Canal near Dixmude; Allies press Germans at Ostend; French gain near Lille and they claim command of German line of communication near St. Mihiel; battle at Nieuport.

Oct. 26--German advance checked on the Yser; fighting at Nieuport.

Oct. 27--Allies capture Thourout; fierce fighting on the Yser Canal; Allies claim that Germans have been driven across the eastern frontier near Nancy.

Oct. 28--Allies repulse night attack near Dixmude; they make gains in Ypres region and between La Bassée and Lens.

Oct. 29--Allies gain near Ostend; Germans gain west of Lille and southwest of Verdun; Germans dig intrenchments near Thielt.

Oct. 30--Belgians flood lower valley of the Yser River and compel Germans to withdraw; Germans gain in Argonne region.

Oct. 31--Allies yield ground in Belgium; Germans take two towns south of Ypres; they have success near Soissons; fighting around Verdun.

Nov. 1--Germans reinforced in Belgium; their advance made difficult by floods along the Yser; Allies take Mariakerke and are near Ostend; Allies cross the Yperlee and occupy Bixschoote.

Nov. 2--Germans, reinforced, capture Messines; French gain at several points in advance to Ostend; Allies take Ramscapelle with the bayonet.

Nov. 3--Germans are being flooded out of the Yser region; they capture men and guns east of Soissons and gain ground east of Vailly; Allies check Germans in Argonne region; Belgians trap Germans by ruse at Furnes.

Nov. 4--Germans lose along the Yser and shift their line for a new attack; they repulse Allies south of Verdun and in the Vosges; they gain near Vailly; British and Germans have battled for three days in Ypres region; Germans suffer much in flooded trenches.

Nov. 5--Germans repulsed at Arras; Allies lose, then retake trenches; Germans, stated to have been watched by the Kaiser, beaten at Armentieres; Germans gain in Argonne region and in the Vosges; Belgians report progress.

Nov. 6--Allies retake Soupir; they capture German trenches on the Meuse and east of Verdun; battle raging around Ypres; French trap Germans in Arras.

Nov. 7--Battling from the sea to Alsace; Allies recapture lost trenches in centre and take St. Remi; Germans gain southwest of Ypres; Germans set up guns at Ostend.

Nov. 8--Allies gain plateau of Vregny; fighting centres at Ypres; Germans continue attacks between North Sea and the Lys; they gain in Argonne region; Belgians gain at Dixmude and Ypres.

Nov. 9--Germans renew attacks at Ypres and Dixmude; Ypres in flames; fighting on the Aisne.

Nov. 10--Allies advance between Ypres and Armentieres and between Rheims and Berry-au-Bac.

Nov. 11--Germans capture Dixmude, cross Yser Canal, capture first line of Allies' position west of Langemarck, and drive them out of St. Eloi; Allies reoccupy Lombaertzyde and repulse attacks near the coast.

Nov. 12--Both sides claim successes on the Yser.

Nov. 13--Germans break through British lines at Ypres; Allies advance on the coast to Bixschoote.

Nov. 14--Allies check German assaults near Ypres; fighting at Dixmude; Germans win in centre and take Berry-au-Bac; Germans gain in forest of Argonne.

Nov. 15--Allies drive Germans across the Yser; German gains in Argonne region; they prepare defensive lines from the North Sea to the Rhine.

Nov. 16--Snow and floods check fighting; artillery duels in progress from Yser Canal to Dixmude; British Press Bureau report of operations up to Nov. 10 praises bravery of Germans.

Nov. 17--Allies gain ground on the Yser between Armentieres and Arras; Germans resume bombardment of Rheims.

Nov. 18--Zouaves take forest near Bixschoote; Germans mine and blow up west part of Chauvoncourt, occupied by the French; fighting continues in West Flanders; Germans have successes in Argonne region and near Cirey; pneumonia is in the trenches.

Nov. 19--Fighting in Flanders slackens; French retake Tracy-le-Val; they are repulsed in the Argonne region; British bombard Dixmude; many cities in West Flanders are in ruins.

Nov. 20--French abandon Chauvoncourt; artillery duel south of Ypres; British gain at Bixschoote; new big gun of Allies is doing effective work; French wreck German earthworks and supply trains near Rheims.

Nov. 21--French artillery stops German attacks in Woevre district; French capture heights at Ornes and advance in Argonne region.

Nov. 22--Cold halts fighting on the Yser; Ypres is bombarded; artillery fighting near Soissons and Vailly; Germans trapped by floods at Dixmude; Germans fortify Belgian coast.

Nov. 23--Fierce fighting in the Argonne; Ypres again bombarded; German operations in Belgium checked by bad weather.

Nov. 24--Germans attack Allies from Ypres to La Bassée.

Nov. 25--French bombard Arnaville and claim general gains; Germans gain at Arras; Indian troops retake lost trenches in Flanders.

Nov. 26--Allies' armored train wrecks bridge across the Yser.

Nov. 27--Rheims again bombarded; French gain in Alsace.

Nov. 28--Germans mass near Arras; new British army has landed in France.

Nov. 29--Allies capture important positions near Ypres; health of Germans on the Yser endangered by flooded trenches.

Nov. 30--German losses on the Yser are found to have been very heavy.

Dec. 1--Germans prepare for new dash toward the sea; cold is depleting the British ranks; Germans on the Belgian coast are suffering from famine, disease, and cold; battle on the Yser renewed; Germans are active north of Arras.

Dec. 2--British, reinforced, take over the command of the Yser region.

Dec. 3--Germans take offensive between Ypres and Dixmude; they lose heavily in trying to cross the Yser on rafts; French occupy Lesmenils; they take Tête de Faux in the Vosges, and Burnhaupt in Alsace.

Dec. 4--Allies repeatedly attack the German lines in Flanders; fresh reserves are waiting behind Allies' lines.

Dec. 5--French gain in Upper Alsace; they try to drive Germans from St. Mihiel.

Dec. 6--Allies make advances in France.

Dec. 7--Allies begin a general offensive movement; Belgians repulse a German boat attack along Yser Canal; Germans are leaving Alsace.

Dec. 8--German headquarters moved from Roulers; Germans make new attack on Dixmude.

Dec. 9--Belgians capture German trenches on the Yser by a ruse; Germans shell Ypres and Furnes.

Dec. 10--Germans evacuate Roulers and Armentieres; French win victory at Vermelles.

Dec. 11--Allies push forward; Germans rush guns to Ostend.

Dec. 12--Allies drive Germans across the Yser Canal.

Dec. 13--Allies have repulsed persistent German attacks in a three-day battle on the Lys; French gain in St. Mihiel region.

Dec. 14--French continue aggressive movements in Alsace and Lorraine.

Dec. 15--Allies advance on the whole front in movement to drive Germans from Belgium; German attacks south of Ypres repulsed and way to Roulers opened.

Dec. 16--Germans evacuate Dixmude; German defenses near Arras mined; Allies maintain offensive; Germans force the fighting in Argonne region; Allies make gains from Arras to the sea; Germans repulsed in Woevre region and in Alsace.

Dec. 17--Allies enter Westende; Germans rush more troops to Belgium.

Dec. 18--Allies take Roulers; fighting in Lille and near Arras.

Dec. 19--Allies gain at several points from the North Sea to the Oise; they lose near La Bassée.

Dec. 21--Allies extend offensive operations; they report progress in the centre.

Dec. 22--Allies press offensive; Germans shell hospital at Ypres; they claim that Allies' advance has failed.

Dec. 23--Allies make slight gains.

Dec. 24--British are using new howitzers; some German trenches have been torn to bits by French guns.

Dec. 25--Reported that the French are shelling the outer forts of Metz; unofficial truce along much of the battle front; soldiers feast and get many gifts from home; in some instances Allies and Germans exchange gifts and visits.

Dec. 26--Fog halts fighting in Flanders.

Dec. 27--Germans pushing preparations for defense of Antwerp.

Dec. 28--New Paris defenses are completed; the Rhine is being additionally fortified.

Dec. 29--Germans reinforce line in Belgium.

Dec. 31--Lull in the fighting on most of the front in Flanders and France; French take half of the village of Steinbach, Upper Alsace, which is of strategic importance.

Jan. 3--French gain near Rheims and St. Mihiel, but are repulsed near St. Menehould; floods hinder fighting; conditions in Yser trenches are very bad.

Jan. 4--Germans admit loss of Steinbach.

Jan. 5--Germans are moving big guns from Ostend; French press on toward Cernay.

Jan. 6--French make further progress at St. Mihiel; bombardment of Furnes necessitates shifting of Belgian headquarters.

Jan. 7--French make progress in direction of Altkirch.

CAMPAIGN IN FAR EAST.

Oct. 30--Japanese attack Germans at Tsing-tau; Indian troops aid Japanese.

Nov. 1--Desperate fighting at Tsing-tau; city is in flames.

Nov. 4--Japanese capture German guns and 800 prisoners at Tsing-tau.

Nov. 6--Germans surrender Tsing-tau fortress.

Nov. 7--Formal capitulation of Tsing-tau; Japanese will administer city.

CAMPAIGN IN AFRICA.

Oct. 28--Belgians defeat Germans on Lake Tanganyika.

Oct. 29--Allies take Edoa.

Nov. 4--Germans defeat British in German East Africa.

Nov. 7--Belgians aid British forces in the Congo.

Nov. 23--British defeated in attack on German railway terminus in East Africa.

Nov. 27--Maritz, Union of South Africa revolutionist, defeated.

Dec. 10--Governor General Lord Buxton says that the revolution in the Union of South Africa is ended and reports capture of 7,000 rebels.

Dec. 23--Portuguese retreat before Germans in Angola.

CAMPAIGN IN ASIA MINOR AND EGYPT.

Oct. 29--Turkey begins war with Russia by bombarding Odessa from the sea.

Nov. 2--Russians and Turks are fighting near Trebizond.

Nov. 3--Turks claim victory over Russians in Armenia; German officers are with camel corps on Turkish-Egyptian frontier; Suez Canal threatened.

Nov. 4--Russia begins invasion of Armenia.

Nov. 5--England and France declare war on Turkey; Russians seize Armenian towns; Turks have successes in Kara-Killissa and Tehan districts; England annexes the Island of Cyprus; German officer sentenced to life imprisonment by Egyptian police for having plans to dynamite Suez Canal.

Nov. 6--Armenians besiege town of Van.

Nov. 7--Russians have successes northeast of Kara-Killissa.

Nov. 8--Russians take Keprekioi in Armenia and hold road to Erzerum.

Nov. 9--Russians take Turkish fort near Erzerum and pursue Kurdish cavalry; Russians win at Kohrikoi on River Araxes.

Nov. 10--France, England, Russia, Belgium, and Servia issue a formal declaration of war against Turkey; both sides claim victories in Erzerum region.

Nov. 13--Russians advance on Erzerum from three directions; Turks fail in flank attack.

Nov. 14--Russians rout Kurds in cavalry battle in Armenia; Turks have success on Caucasian border.

Nov. 15--Turks occupy Persian town of Kotur; British troops land in Basra Province; Indian troops, aided by British cruiser, occupy Turba, Arabia.

Nov. 16--Russians defeated near Koprukeui; British take Turkish camp at Fao.

Nov. 17--Russians checked near Fao; Turks occupy Duzkeuy.

Nov. 19--Russians defeat Kurds in Persian Armenia; fighting near Urumiah; British success in Arabia.

Nov. 22--Turks win near Port Said and reach Suez Canal; Russians gain near Juzveran.

Nov. 23--British defeat Turks near Persian Gulf.

Nov. 24--Russians defeat Turks in Armenia.

Nov. 26--Turkish advance checked in Armenia.

Nov. 28--Fierce fighting in the Caucasus; Enver Bey starts for Egypt.

Dec. 6--Turks occupy Keda.

Dec. 8--Turks defeated near Batum.

Dec. 9--Turks at Kurna surrender to Indian troops.

Dec. 10--British take 1,100 Turkish prisoners and nine guns.

Dec. 11--Sheik Kiazim, Chief of the Shiites, proclaims a holy war; Turks report occupation of Geda.

Dec. 15--Senussi tribesmen threaten Egypt.

Dec. 18--Turks reinforced in Asia Minor.

Dec. 20--Turks gain near Lake Urumiah.

Dec. 21--Russians win in Armenia--Turks lose equipment.

Dec. 22--Arabs menace Christians in Hodeida; French Consul is seized.

Dec. 23--Turkish Army leaves Damascus and marches toward Suez Canal.

Dec. 25--Russo-Turkish operations stopped by cold.

Jan. 1--Turks invade Russia but fail to envelop Russian forces.

Jan. 2--Turks penetrate into the Russian Caucasus and occupy Ardahan.

Jan. 4--Turks ravage Persian territory.

Jan. 5--Russians rout Turkish columns at Ardahan and Sari-Kamysh; Russians capture Izzet Pasha.

Jan. 7--Turks occupy Urumiah.

NAVAL RECORD.

Oct. 16--British cruiser Hawke sunk by German submarine U-9; British tramp steamship Induna sunk by Germans; British steamer Guendolen fires on German ship on Lake Nyassa; British and Japanese warships bombard fort near Tsing-tau.

Oct. 17--British squadron, led by the Undaunted, sinks four German torpedo-boat destroyers off Dutch coast; allied fleets bombard Cattaro.

Oct. 19--British battleship Triumph damaged at Tsing-tau; Japanese cruiser Takachiho sunk by German submarine S-90 in Kiao-Chau Bay; British fleet helps to repel German land attacks between Nieuport and Dixmude; Austrian submarine sunk in Adriatic by French cruiser.

Oct. 20--German warships sink British submarine E-3; British gunboats fight German submarines and coast batteries; Japanese fleet takes islands of Marianne group; two German ships sunk at Jaluit; British steamer Giltera sunk by German submarine off Norwegian coast.

Oct. 21--British monitors Severn and Mersey shell German right flank; Cattaro again bombarded by French fleet, attack of Austrian submarines being repulsed; German cruiser Emden sinks five British steamships and captures a sixth in Indian Ocean; British steamer Cormorant sunk.

Oct. 22--British torpedo boat damaged by German artillery fire off Nieuport; French ships aid British in bombardment near Ostend; British auxiliary cruiser Carmania damaged.

Oct. 23--Allies' squadrons seeking German cruisers Emden and Karlsruhe; Emden's activity is having a bad effect on Indian shipping; French ships aid British in shelling Belgian coast towns.

Oct. 24--British destroyer Badger sinks German submarine; Ostend bombarded by French warships.

Oct. 25--Japanese sink German cruiser Aeolius off Honolulu.

Oct. 26--Vessel containing French and Belgian refugees sunk near Calais, probably by a mine, the passengers being rescued by a British ship; Germans claim that the British ships have been driven back from the Belgian coast.

Oct. 27--Germans lay mines off Irish coast; British freighter Manchester Commerce sunk; Germany demands that China release shipwrecked sailors of submarine S-90, which was destroyed by the Germans when being pursued by Japanese.

Oct. 28--Emden sinks Japanese steamer; Japanese cruiser Chitose repulses attack by two German warships.

Oct. 29--Emden, flying the Japanese flag, enters Penang Harbor and sinks Russian cruiser Jemtchug and a French destroyer; Turkish warships shell Theodosia and sink two Russian steamers; British vessels slightly damaged off Belgian coast, with ten men killed; Swedish steamer Ornen and two British fishing boats sunk by mine in North Sea; British sink German steamer in the Adriatic.

Oct. 30--Russian and Turkish fleets in battle in the Black Sea; Turkish torpedo boats bombard Odessa, sinking Russian gunboat Donets, three Russian liners, and French steamer Portugal.

Oct. 31--Japanese and British warships attack Tsing-tau; German submarine sinks British cruiser Hermes in Strait of Dover; Turkish cruiser bombards Sevastopol; Russian fleet attacks Turkish fleet near Sevastopol.

Nov. 1--German squadron under Admiral von Spee defeats British squadron under Rear Admiral Cradock off Coronel, Chile; British flagship Good Hope and the cruiser Monmouth go down with all on board: Germans suffer but slightly; shelling of Allied fleets sets fire to Tsing-tau.

Nov. 2--Turkish (formerly German) cruiser Goeben damaged by fire from Russian forts; British ship scuttled in Black Sea; Turkish commander sinks his ship to prevent capture; Germans blockade coast of Asiatic Turkey with mines; Karlsruhe captures British steamers Vandyck, Hurtsdale, and Glanton.

Nov. 3--Anglo-French squadron bombards the Dardanelles forts; British cruiser Minerva bombards Akabah, Arabia, and sailors occupy the town; British submarine D-5 sunk by mine in North Sea.

Nov. 4--Austrian cruiser Kaiserin Elizabeth sunk by Germans to prevent seizure; Anglo-French fleet continues bombardment of Dardanelles forts; German warships seen off coast of England; German cruiser Yorck sunk by mine in Jade Bay.

Nov. 5--British tow German sailing ship into Queenstown, the Captain not having heard of the war; British mine sweeper Mary sunk in North Sea.

Nov. 6--British ships shell Belgian coast; Turks bombard Batum; British warship damaged while shelling Dardanelles forts.

Nov. 7--Japanese squadron searches for German squadron in the Pacific; Russians bombard Turkish Black Sea ports.

Nov. 8--Russians report sinking of four Turkish transports; Turks sink Greek steamer carrying British flag; two Dardanelles forts destroyed by bombardment.

Nov. 9--Emden escapes British warship, but loses her store ships; Russians bombard Bosporus ports; Swedish steamer Ate blown up by mine.

Nov. 10--Australian cruiser Sydney wrecks German cruiser Emden, which had destroyed more than $5,000,000 worth of British shipping; war risks drop in consequence; British Admiralty reports that the German cruiser Koenigsberg has been bottled up in the Rufiji River, German East Africa.

Nov. 11--British torpedo boat Niger sunk by German submarine; Japanese torpedo boat sunk by mine in Kiao-Chau Bay.

Nov. 12--Turkish torpedo boat captured by Allies; Turkish cruiser Goeben crippled by shell.

Nov. 14--News comes to America by mail of the sinking of the British super-dreadnought Audacious on Oct. 27 off the Irish coast; apparently done by a mine.

Nov. 15--Many mines picked up by Dutch coast guards; mine layer flying Norwegian flag and manned by German sailors captured at Belfast; British cruiser Edinburgh aids in capture of Turba, Arabia, by Indian troops.

Nov. 16--Mine cast up by sea kills seven in Holland.

Nov. 17--Swedish steamer Andrew sunk by mine in North Sea; German squadron bombards Libau; Russian Black Sea fleet attacks Trebizond; German cruiser Berlin interns at Trondhjem to escape enemy.

Nov. 19--British naval guns bombard Dixmude; French cruiser Waldeck Rousseau sinks Austrian submarine.

Nov. 20--Austrian steamer Metkovitch sunk by mine off Dalmatian coast.

Nov. 21--The Goeben badly damaged in Black Sea.

Nov. 22--Turkish warships shell Taupse, but are repulsed by Russian land batteries.

Nov. 23--British warship Patrol rams German submarine U-18 and captures crew off coast of Scotland; German destroyer S-124 wrecked in collision with Danish steamer.

Nov. 24--French bark Valentine sunk by Germans near Island of Mas a Fuera; British ships attack German naval base at Zeebrugge.

Nov. 25--British steamer Malachite sunk by German submarine near Havre.

Nov. 26--British battleship Bulwark blown up in the Thames; magazine explosion is the accepted theory, but there is some suspicion that it was the work of spies; Turkish mine layer sunk in the Bosphorus; cruiser Goeben is being repaired.

Nov. 27--British collier Khartoum blown up by mine off Grimsby.

Nov. 28--Norwegian and Danish trawlers seized by the British for laying mines while using English port as base; British fishermen sweep coast waters for mines.

Nov. 30--British ships again bombard Zeebrugge.

Dec. 3--Danish steamer Mary blown up by mine in North Sea, six men dying.

Dec. 6--Forty British and French war vessels are off the Dardanelles.

Dec. 7--British steamer Charcas sunk by German transport in the Pacific; Swedish ships Luna and Everilda sunk by mines.

Dec. 8--British squadron under Vice Admiral Sturdee defeats German squadron under Admiral von Spee off the Falkland Islands; German flagship Scharnhorst and the cruisers Gneisenau, Leipzig, and Nurnberg are sunk; the British casualties are slight.

Dec. 9--Three German merchantmen sunk in South Atlantic; Gulf of Bothnia closed because of mines.

Dec. 10--German submarine raid on Dover repulsed by the forts; Turkish gunboat sunk by defense mine.

Dec. 12--Turkish fleet bombards Batum.

Dec. 14--British submarine B-11, by diving under five rows of mines, sinks Turkish battleship Messudieh in the Dardanelles.

Dec. 15--German cruiser Cormorant interned at Guam; Turks bombard Sevastopol.

Dec. 16--German warships shell the English coast towns of Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby; about 120 persons are killed and 550 wounded; British warships shell Westende.

Dec. 17--Austrian training ship Beethoven sunk by mine; British squadron bombards Turkish troops on Gulf of Saros; Russians sink German steamship Derentie off Turkish coast; Norwegian ship Vaaren sunk by mine in North Sea; three British ships sunk by mines.

Dec. 18--British auxiliary cruiser Empress of Japan captures collier Exford with forty of Emden's crew on board; Russian Black Sea fleet sinks two Turkish ships.

Dec. 19--Russian warship Askold captures German steamer Haifa and sinks a Turkish steamer; British warships shell German positions between Nieuport and Middelkerke.

Dec. 20--Allied fleets bombard interior forts of the Dardanelles.

Dec. 21--British capture German steamers Baden and Santa Isabel.

Dec. 22--Allied fleets shell German positions along Belgian coast; French destroyer shells Turkish troops; allied fleets shell Kilid Bahr.

Dec. 23--Russian destroyers in Black Sea bombard coast villages.

Dec. 24--French cruiser slightly damaged by Austrian torpedo; French submarine sunk by shore batteries.

Dec. 26--British make naval and air attack on German fleet without important results; French attack Austrian naval base at Pola on the Adriatic.

Dec. 27--British cruisers, assisted by seaplanes, attack German naval base at Cuxhaven; British claim to have done considerable damage.

Dec. 29--English coast towns expected American sympathy over German raid; dread new raid, and hold navy was dilatory.

Dec. 30--French submarine torpedoes Austrian dreadnought Viribus Unitis, but fails to sink her.

Dec. 31--Thirty French and British warships are bombarding Pola.

Jan. 1--British battleship Formidable torpedoed and sunk in English Channel; 600 men lost.

Jan. 4--Official Press Bureau at Berlin announces that the Formidable was sunk by a submarine off Plymouth; British ships shell Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa.

Jan. 6--Turkish cruiser Goeben damaged by mines.

Jan. 7--Germans state that Austrian submarines are holding back French fleet in the Adriatic.

AERIAL RECORD.

Oct. 23--German Taube brought down in Dunkirk; Reymond, French aviator, killed near Verdun; German aviators drop bombs on Warsaw.

Oct. 24--Zeppelins harry fighters southwest of Ostend.

Oct. 25--Five German aeroplanes destroyed by French.

Oct. 27--New Zeppelin flies northward from Friedrichshafen; new British gun is effective against airmen.

Oct. 29--German airmen drop bombs on Bethune, nineteen women being killed; British airman chases bomb-dropping Taube at Hazebrouck.

Oct. 30--French airmen rain bombs on German officers near Dunkirk.

Nov. 3--German airman drops bombs on Furnes; three German aeroplanes brought down near Souain; British airman drops bombs in Thielt.

Nov. 6--Austrian airmen drop bombs on Antivari.

Nov. 13--Russian cavalry captures two German aviators near Plock.

Nov. 14--Austrian aeroplane drops bombs on Antivari.

Nov. 15--Prince Danilo's villa in Antivari wrecked by aeroplane bomb.

Nov. 21--French and British aeroplanes drop bombs on Zeppelin sheds at Friedrichshafen; one French airman shot down.

Nov. 24--Aeroplane bomb dropped in Warsaw street kills several people and narrowly misses American Consulate; airmen are using steel arrows to drop from aeroplanes.

Nov. 26--British aviator wrecks German military train.

Nov. 29--German aviators drop bombs on Lodz; French aviators drop circulars inviting German soldiers to desert.

Dec. 5--Aeroplane bombs dropped near Baden.

Dec. 6--Russian aviators attack Breslau forts; French aviators attack Freiburg.

Dec. 7--Major Gen. von Meyer killed by an arrow dropped by an aviator; Ostend set on fire by aeroplane bombs; ten killed at Hazebrouck by bomb dropped by German aviator.

Dec. 8--German airmen drop appeals to Indian troops to desert British.

Dec. 9--Aviator of Allies destroys Scheldt pontoon bridge at Antwerp; Belgian aviator destroys three German motor trucks and scatters cavalry detachment.

Dec. 12--German airman who dropped bombs on Hazebrouck killed by French shells.

Dec. 16--British and French aviators are making raids almost daily into German territory.

Dec. 18--French aviators drop bombs in Lorraine.

Dec. 19--Two German aviators stranded on a Danish island and interned in Denmark.

Dec. 20--German aeroplane drops bomb on Calais.

Dec. 21--Aviators of Allies drop bombs in Brussels and make night attack near Ostend.

Dec. 22--Deschamps, Belgian aviator, killed by his own bomb.

Dec. 24--German aeroplane, trying to reach Paris, is shot down; German aviator drops bomb in Dover.

Dec. 25--Two German aviators fly up the Thames, but are routed by British.

Dec. 26--Zeppelin drops bombs on Nancy; German aeroplanes make raid in Russian Poland; French aviators attack Metz.

Dec. 30--German airmen drop bombs in Dunkirk, killing fifteen; French aviators active in Flanders.

Jan. 1--German aeroplanes bombard Dunkirk.

Jan. 3--Austrian aviator drops bombs on Kielce.

Jan. 4--French aviators drop bombs near Brussels.

AMERICAN INTERESTS.

Oct. 30--Slight damage to American property in bombardment of Odessa.

Oct. 31--American Refugee Society formed in the United States.

Nov. 10--Henry Field, grandson of the late Marshall Field, is serving as a British Army chauffeur.

Nov. 13--British authorities demand that Americans show passports on embarking for home.

Nov. 19--American Consulate in Berlin takes charge of the work of finding American baggage in Germany.

Nov. 25--Rush for new passports by Americans in London.

Nov. 28--American Ambassador to Turkey says American missionaries are not being molested.

Dec. 28--American Government sends memorandum to British Government through Ambassador Page vigorously protesting against interference with American commerce by British warships; American Relief Committee in London still busy, and renews lease of its offices.

Dec. 31--Full text of American note on British interference with American trade is given out in full simultaneously at Washington and London; the war has cost the United States $382,000,000 in decreased exports up to Dec. 1, according to statement issued by Department of Commerce.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Oct. 17--Men formerly found physically unfit to be now re-examined.

Oct. 20--Wounded fill Budapest and South Austrian towns.

Oct. 21--Troops rushed from Italian frontier to strengthen German line in Belgium; Gen. Bruderman, defender of Lemberg, disgraced.

Oct. 27--Acute distress in Southern Hungary; there are reports of sedition in the army.

Oct. 30--France is arranging for repatriation of Austrian citizens.

Nov. 3--It is reported that Austria is seeking a separate peace.

Nov. 10--Lists of losses show that many Hungarian nobles have been killed in battle.

Nov. 12--Army mutineers are shot.

Nov. 22--Cholera in Przemysl.

Dec. 2--Hungarian Chamber of Deputies votes war bills.

Dec. 3--Opposition members of Hungarian Parliament are bitter against the Germans.

Dec. 6--Defenses of Vienna are being strengthened.

Dec. 8--No music after midnight allowed in Vienna; 60,000 wounded are in hospital there.

Dec. 10--Czech regiments refuse to fight against Servia.

Dec. 16--Anti-war riots in some cities.

Dec. 17--Emperor orders displacement of Field Marshal Potiorek because of defeat in Servian campaign.

Dec. 22--Many soldiers killed in troop train accident.

Dec. 23--Discontent is being manifested in Hungary; independence movement gains headway.

Dec. 30--Anti-war riots throughout the country; Servian campaign is abandoned.

Dec. 31--Emperor issues a New Year's rescript to the army and navy, praising bravery of soldiers and sailors.

Jan. 2--Conditions in Trieste are distressing.

BELGIUM.

Oct. 16--People delay returning to Antwerp, where Germans are levying on city for supplies; refugees flock to Dover.

Oct. 18--Full text of Belgium's "Gray Paper" published in THE NEW YORK TIMES; movement to secure supplies in England; famine acute.

Oct. 19--Fifty thousand refugees return from Holland; there are nearly 1,000,000 refugees in Great Britain, France, and Holland.

Oct. 21--British Official Press Bureau praises Belgian Army; Cardinal Mercier returns to Belgium from Holland and urges all Catholic refugees to follow him; water supply restored and tramways running in Antwerp; Brussels now governed as a German city.

Oct. 22--Government denies anti-German plot with England before the war and calls on German press to print alleged records of such plot seized at Brussels.

Oct. 24--German public is stirred by stories of brutalities by Belgian civilians toward wounded Germans.

Oct. 26--Millions are facing starvation.

Oct. 28--One-fourth of the Belgian Army is disabled.

Oct. 29--Many Belgian wounded in Calais.

Oct. 31--Maeterlinck says that buildings in Brussels have been mined.

Nov. 12--Sightseers visit Louvain; city is being restored.

Nov. 16--Fuel supply problem is becoming serious.

Nov. 18--Faculty of University of Louvain invited to University of Notre Dame.

Nov. 21--German Information Service says that Belgians interned in Holland are bitter against the British for lack of sufficient aid at Antwerp.

Nov. 22--Mayor of Ypres shot by Allies as a spy.

Nov. 23--Maeterlinck appeals to the United States and Italy to save Flemish art treasures.

Nov. 24--Encounters are frequent between smugglers and Germans at Dutch border.

Nov. 26--Germany publishes photographic reproduction of document which, it charges, proves Anglo-Belgian military agreement.

Nov. 30--Rotterdam reports that Germany has decided to levy a tax of $7,000,000 a month on Belgium, and an additional tax of $75,000,000.

Dec. 13--Brussels and suburbs decide to pay fine to Germans.

Dec. 15--Provincial councils ordered by German Governor General to meet to consider payment of tax; bankers prepare to pay it.

Dec. 20--Representatives of provinces agree to pay tax.

Dec. 23--Report from London that Brussels tax has been waived and that the American Minister protested against its imposition.

Dec. 26--Neutral nations notified by Germany that Consuls will not be recognized further.

Dec. 28--Minister to United States protests against cancellation of consular exequaturs by Germany.

Dec. 29--Belgian authorities point out to United States that Germany's decision to cancel exequaturs raises question of sovereignty in Belgium.

Jan. 3--Ghent taxes bachelors to meet German demands.

CANADA.

Oct. 16--Canadian troops go into camp at Salisbury Plain, England.

Oct. 19--There are a considerable number of men from New York in camp at Salisbury Plain.

Oct. 21--Americans in Montreal supply funds for armored motor cars with American crews.

Oct. 29--Border residents apprehensive of raids by Germans and Austrians living in United States.

Nov. 3--German newspaper in the West ordered to stop printing seditious matter.

Nov. 4--King and Queen visit troops on Salisbury Plain.

Nov. 6--Indians contribute to war fund and offer to send warriors.

Nov. 7--Soldiers go sightseeing in London.

Nov. 8--Major Gen. Hughes, Minister of Militia and Defense, returns from England; he says troops are well, but will not go to front for some time; they are to have additional training.

Nov. 11--Mines laid near Victoria.

Nov. 14--Premier Borden says hosts of men are volunteering.

Nov. 18--Men in Canadian regiments who are said to be of German blood are rejected by British authorities.

Nov. 20--German newspapers barred from Canada.

Nov. 24--American Consuls directed to assist German and Austrian subjects in Canada.

Nov. 27--Canadian doctors arrive in France to establish hospital.

Nov. 28--Precautions are taken against possible raids across Niagara River by Germans.

Dec. 26--German reservists reported to be gathering in California to raid Vancouver; report not taken seriously by Canadian authorities.

Dec. 31--Princess Patricia's Light Infantry Regiment reaches the front.

EGYPT.

Nov. 2--Martial law proclaimed.

Nov. 14--Moslems pay no attention to Turkish war moves.

Nov. 21--Turks and Germans seek to sow sedition.

Nov. 29--Princes Abbas and Osman banished by British authorities on charge of engaging in anti-British conspiracy.

Dec. 1--Premier Rushdi Pasha declares for Britain; he tells of benefits conferred on his country by British.

Dec. 17--England declares protectorate; Turkish suzerainty at an end.

Dec. 18--France recognizes British protectorate.

ENGLAND.

Oct. 16.--Labor Party declares sympathy with Government; London hotels discharge German and Austrian help.

Oct. 17--Winston Churchill defends sending of marines to Antwerp; he says relief plans miscarried.

Oct. 18--Anti-German riots in London.

Oct. 19--Irish Nationalists, at meeting in London, take pledge to avenge Belgium; many arrests for the looting of German shops.

Oct. 20--Germans and Austrians expelled from Brighton.

Oct. 21--All unnaturalized German and Austrian residents between ages of 17 and 45 are to be taken to detention camps.

Oct. 22--Westminster Abbey heavily insured against aeroplane hazard.

Oct. 24--More anti-German riots in London; paintings removed from National Gallery to places of safety: Kitchener orders sobriety among soldiers; Germany protests to neutrals against seizure of Germans on neutral merchant ships.

Oct. 25--John Redmond urges Irish to enlist.

Oct. 27--Government complains that many Germans are getting consular certificates from American officials by posing as Englishmen.

Nov. 1--British affairs in Turkey turned over to American Embassy.

Nov. 2--Admiralty orders North Sea closed to commerce; Turkish Ambassador handed his passports.

Nov. 3--Government will not molest American ships carrying cotton to German ports.

Nov. 4--Americans will fight as First London Machine Battery.

Nov. 5--Proclamation that holy places in Arabia and Mesopotamia must not be touched.

Nov. 6--Detectives say some London buildings are strong German forts; large trade in mourning clothes in London; Sweden protests against closing of North Sea.

Nov. 7--Government thanks United States State Department for help rendered at Constantinople by Ambassador Morgenthau.

Nov. 8--Japanese Emperor and Empress send thanks for British aid at Tsing-tau.

Nov. 10--Karl Hans Lody shot as a spy in the Tower of London; when first arrested he claimed to be an American.

Nov. 11--Germans are exhibiting dumdum bullets which they charge have been taken from British soldiers.

Nov. 12--Mass meeting in London in support of Kitchener's appeal for temperance by soldiers.

Nov. 13--Officers sent to Russia to discuss tactics of eastern campaign; sentry in concentration camp kills a German prisoner.

Nov. 14--Under Secretary of War Tennant urges football players to enlist.

Nov. 17--War Office denies that British have used dumdum bullets, but accuses Germans of using them; less crime in the country.

Nov. 20--House of Commons votes additional army of 1,000,000 men.

Nov. 21--Balfour says there must be no patched-up truce; Somali chiefs in Jubaland want to join the army; 19,000 members of the Automobile Association have given their cars for army use.

Nov. 22--Five German rioters killed in detention camp on Isle of Man.

Nov. 23--Newspapers show disgust over failure of attempts to get football players and spectators to enlist; recruiting is slow in Manchester; War Office is advertising for officers.

Nov. 25--Coast towns prepare to resist invasion; Indian soldier receives Victoria Cross; shooting of prisoners on Isle of Man has angered Germany; reprisals feared.

Nov. 27--Coroner's jury finds that shooting of prisoners on Isle of Man was justified; London newspapers agree to curtail football news as aid to recruiting.

Nov. 28--Two German spies found in new army just landed in France; famous athletes on casualty lists.

Dec. 1--German-born members of Parliament remain away from war sessions.

Dec. 2--Dublin newspaper suppressed for opposing enlistment and expressing pro-German sentiment.

Dec. 5--Many football players are enlisting.

Dec. 9--Preparations are being made to meet possible German landing.

Dec. 11--Gibraltar is being provisioned.

Dec. 12--German officer found hidden in packing case at Gravesend.

Dec. 14--Government is searching for German wireless station on Norfolk coast which is blocking messages.

Dec. 16--Movement to form women's volunteer reserve.

Dec. 17--Many Germans arrested following raid on coast towns; numerous cases of ptomaine poisoning in Blackheath Camp.

Dec. 19--Many soldiers are insane or have nervous prostration as a result of battle horrors.

Dec. 21--Some German prisoners of war are being placed on prison ships.

Dec. 23--Germany's offer to exchange one British prisoner of war for five German prisoners is declined.

Dec. 26--Government has constructed a bridge of boats across the Thames.

Dec. 30--Archbishop of Canterbury appeals for recruits.

Dec. 31--An undercurrent of irritation is evident over the American note on interference with American commerce; a new decoration, the Military Cross, has been instituted for the army.

Jan. 3--Day of intercession and prayer throughout the Empire; second expeditionary force sails for England from Australia; a third force is being recruited.

Jan. 4--Many men leave their positions in civil life to join the army as a result of the raid on the coast towns.

Jan. 6--Many clergymen are enlisting.

FRANCE.

Oct. 16--Learned societies plan expulsion of German members.

Oct. 17--Germans arrested in Paris; coal supply low in Paris; sugar prices are rising.

Oct. 18--President Poincaré's country house destroyed.

Oct. 20--Military authorities deny German charge that towers of Rheims Cathedral are used as observation post.

Oct. 21--Baron de Coubertin will train young men who would normally enter the army in 1916; Germany protests against alleged cruelties.

Oct. 22--It is reported that 500,000 new soldiers are ready to fight.

Oct. 24--Lille and Rheims have been much damaged by German shells; exchange of civilians with Germany begins.

Oct. 26--German property in France not confiscated, but taken into trusteeship.

Oct. 28--Many volunteer to give their blood to help Dr. Carrel in saving the wounded.

Oct. 29--Count de Chambrun shells his own home.

Oct. 30--Château of Princess Hohenlohe seized.

Nov. 1--Envoy asks for passports from Turkey; French affairs turned over to American Embassy.

Nov. 4--Officers discard swords and conspicuous uniforms; they will direct charges from rear to foil German sharpshooters.

Nov. 7--City of Roulers in ruins.

Nov. 8--Premier Viviani decorates Mayor of Rheims and says city will be rebuilt.

Nov. 9--Military attachés of neutral countries allowed to visit theatre of war.

Nov. 10--Rheims still being bombarded.

Nov. 18--Germans declare they saw observation post on towers of Rheims Cathedral; bombardment resumed; Appenrodt's restaurant looted in Paris.

Nov. 19--Germans are working coal mines and mills in occupied French territory; President Poincaré strikes names of Germans from roll of Legion of Honor.

Nov. 21--New field gun outranges German guns.

Nov. 26--German surgeons and deaconesses sentenced to prison for looting.

Nov. 28--Regimental dispatch dog mentioned in orders as having fallen in duty; Germans charge use of dumdum bullets by the French.

Dec. 1--Gen. Joffre tells Alsatians that the French have come back permanently.

Dec. 4--Youths 18 years old are called for military examination; Mohammedan soldiers from Tunis are being sent to serve in Europe; Germans charge brutalities to Germans in Morocco.

Dec. 11--The Cabinet meets in Paris, marking the moving of the capital from Bordeaux; youths of class of 1915 go into training.

Dec. 13--Full text of France's "Yellow Book" published in THE NEW YORK TIMES; postal notice announces that letters to twenty-one communes in Alsace need only ordinary stamps.

Dec. 14--Man who mutilated German sentry is shot.

Dec. 17--Priests hold mass in the trenches; French heroism lauded at meeting of French Academy; but a small percentage of the wounded are dying.

Dec. 18--French court held in Alsace.

Dec. 19--Lille is near starvation.

Dec. 22--Premier Viviani makes address at opening of Parliament in Paris, declaring that the war will end only with restoration of Alsace-Lorraine, restoration of Belgium, and assurance of lasting peace.

Dec. 25--Portion of Alsace celebrates Christmas under French rule.

Jan. 7--French Cabinet makes public report of Government Commission which has been investigating German methods of waging war; report charges Germans with habitual "pillage, outrage, burning, and murder."

GERMANY.

Oct. 16--Count Zeppelin is supervising construction of new airships; reinforcements sent to von Kluck; tax levied on Bruges.

Oct. 20--Report that Zeppelin fleet is being prepared for attack on London; Britons over 55 years old to be allowed to leave country.

Oct. 22--Chancellor Delbrueck announces in Prussian Diet that nation will not lay down arms until victory is won; pioneer company of Lorraine battalion granted right to wear skull and crossbones on caps.

Oct. 23--Women spies meet death bravely.

Oct. 24--Looting barred in Antwerp; survey of conditions shows many men eager to enlist.

Oct. 26--Prince of Monaco protests against manner in which Gen. von Buelow proposes to treat his property in France; Government complains of seizure by England of Red Cross ship Ophelia.

Oct. 27--Germans in Southern Hungary ask for aid.

Oct. 29--German tourists flock to Antwerp.

Oct. 30--Forty thousand teachers are at the front; 1914 reserves called out.

Nov. 1--Freedom of the City of Blankenburg conferred upon Capt. von Mueller of the cruiser Emden.

Nov. 3--Consuls of neutral nations allowed to inspect prison camps; Government will not interfere with cargoes of ships carrying cotton to Russian ports.

Nov. 4--There is a shortage of army officers; the Kaiser decrees promotions on short service.

Nov. 7--Conspicuous insignia removed from officers; British civilians sent to detention camp.

Nov. 8--Nation regrets loss of Tsing-tau, but bravery of garrison is praised; border patrols prevent Belgian civilians from crossing into Holland.

Nov. 10--Admiral von Spee and many men of his squadron receive Iron Crosses.

Nov. 11--Fortifications of Antwerp are being repaired.

Nov. 15--Three defensive lines prepared between North Sea and the Rhine, to be used in event of retreat.

Nov. 16--Names of occupied French and Belgian cities are Germanized.

Nov. 17--All aliens expelled from Frankfort.

Nov. 18--Port of Hamburg deserted, but shipyards are busy.

Nov. 21--Blast furnaces used as crematory at Charleroi; Government has granted permission for six officers of the American Army to follow forces as military observers; Ambassador Bernstorff files with United States State Department complaint that French have violated Red Cross Convention of 1906.

Nov. 23--Gen. von Eberhardt removed after defeat in the Vosges.

Nov. 24--Chile charges that German warships have violated her neutrality; there is a scarcity of copper; order for locomotives to be dismantled to get materials for making ammunition.

Nov. 25--Fortifications north of Kiel Canal are being strengthened for fear of invasion; Bavarians are reported by the French to be deserting.

Nov. 29--Indemnity of $37,500 paid to Luxemburg.

Nov. 30--Alsatians are deserting from the army.

Dec. 3--Burgomaster Max of Brussels complains of treatment received from Germans.

Dec. 4--Troops are suffering from typhoid; household utensils of copper are commandeered because of scarcity of the metal; British prisoner of war sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for attack on custodians.

Dec. 6--Second ban of Landsturm told to be ready for service on Dec. 20.

Dec. 8--Turkish officers are serving with the army in Poland.

Dec. 10--Government has informed the Pope of willingness for Christmas truce if other combatants will observe it.

Dec. 11--Many inhabitants of Autry, France, are exiled to Saxony; preparations are being made for an extended occupation of French territory; French Minister of War obtains affidavits from prisoners in concentration camps that Gen. von Stenger ordered killing of wounded.

Dec. 12--Some women refugees at Kiao-Chau want to go to America.

Dec. 14--Socialists disapprove of the anti-war stand taken by Dr. Liebknecht, a Socialist member of the Reichstag, who alone of that body opposed the new war credit.

Dec. 15--Bavarian soldiers to be court-martialed for mutiny at Antwerp.

Dec. 18--Rumors that Prince Otto of Windisch-Graetz will be the new Belgian King.

Dec. 19--Relations between the Prussian Government and the Poles have improved.