Chapter XXIV: Appendix (1)

ICONOGRAPHY OF LADY JANE GREY AND HER FAMILY, ETC.

The painted portraits of Lady Jane Grey are exceedingly scarce, and probably not a single one of them is authentic; on the other hand, very early and almost contemporary engraved portraits are fairly numerous. The oldest of these latter is one by E. V. Wyngaerde. It bears a certain resemblance to the portrait of her grandfather, the Duke of Suffolk, by Jacobus Corvinus, in the possession of Sir Frederick Cook at Richmond. Although Wyngaerde engraved it in the middle part of the reign of Elizabeth, when many persons were still living, the Queen herself included, who had seen Jane Grey, and who could have set him right, he attributes the original to Hans Holbein, who died in London of the plague, according to recent discovery, in 1543, that is to say, when Jane was but six years old, a fact which renders it impossible for him to have painted any of the numerous portraits attributed to him of Edward VI as a lad in his teens, Edward being born in the same year and month as Lady Jane. The portrait of Jane Grey from which Wyngaerde engraved is evidently by some other artist who painted in the style of Holbein, presumably one of his pupils. It must be remembered that in our own time people are constantly attributing to Gainsborough and Reynolds portraits they could not have painted, so in the seventeenth century it was the fashion to attribute every portrait of the early part of the preceding century to Holbein, whose great name was remembered, whilst those of his lesser contemporaries were forgotten.

(2) In the Earl of Stamford and Warrington’s collection there is a very ancient portrait of Lady Jane Grey, engraved by Lodge. It is not well painted, but is none the less extremely interesting. The features are small and delicate. The costume is rich but simple, and the pretty neckerchief is fastened at the bosom by a bunch of flowers.

(3) Another frequently engraved portrait of Jane Grey, also attributed to Holbein, and engraved in George Howard’s _Life of Lady Jane Grey_, was for many years in the possession of the late Mr. Wenman Martin, of Upper Seymour Street. The costume is exceedingly rich.

(4) Probably on account of its excessive prettiness, the celebrated picture called “Jane Grey,” in the possession of Lord Spencer, at Althorpe, is likely to remain the most popular likeness of Lady Jane. It represents a sweet-looking young woman of about sixteen, seated by a window, reading an illuminated missal. By her side, on a table, stands a richly chiselled goblet or chalice. The dress is of ruby velvet, made very plain, and with hanging sleeves of a darker material. It was engraved in the last century by Dibden, as the frontispiece of the _Decameron_, a work which certainly has no association whatever with the poor little “Nine Days’ Queen.” By its general neatness and vivid colouring, this picture may very reasonably be attributed to Luca Penni, an Italian and pupil of Raphael, who painted a good deal in England under Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Mary. There is a very singular fact connected with this Althorpe picture. The noble Milanese family of Trevulzio has possessed for many generations an almost identical picture which has always been known as a portrait of Lady Jane Grey. A photograph of this picture is in my hands, and certainly the resemblance between it and the Althorpe picture is remarkable. Lord Spencer has most kindly afforded me some interesting details connected with his own picture. “It has been,” he said, “for many generations in our family, and can be traced as a portrait of Lady Jane Grey as far back as the seventeenth century.” Some years ago, Lord Spencer took it down from its place in his gallery, and found on the back of it an inscription in the handwriting of his grandmother, Lavinia, Countess Spencer, to the effect that the picture was a portrait of the Lady Jane Grey, and that what she had written was copied from a much older inscription, which had been nearly obliterated by time. Lord Spencer many years ago saw at Milan the picture above-mentioned, and was struck by its likeness to his own, of which it might have been a copy. Sir George Scharf, although an authority on portraiture, was apt at times to have prejudices and to cast doubt on those historical portraits which have been handed down as authentic for many generations; and his singular ignorance or rather disregard of the value of costume in determining the period of a picture often led him into ludicrous errors of judgment. His reason for discarding the Althorpe portrait of Lady Jane Grey appears rather unreasonable. He objected to it because a tall standing goblet or chalice figures conspicuously on the table beside the lady, such a chalice being, according to him, an attribute of St. Mary Magdalen, and so, too, is the skull, which is not present in this picture. However, an extraordinary number of Tudor portraits represent great ladies with a similar goblet standing beside them. These gold and silver chalices or cups were a common gift from royal god-fathers and mothers in Tudor times, and were frequently stolen from the churches. Lady Jane, we know from the inventories of her effects, had several in her possession.

(5) An exceedingly beautiful portrait, said to represent Lady Jane Grey, is at Madresfield, Lord Beauchamp’s seat in Worcestershire. The face bears a resemblance to that in the engraving by Wyngaerde, and the costume is undoubtedly one that Lady Jane might have worn, and consists of a rich velvet gown, cut square at the neck and filled in with soft lawn and lace. Her head-dress is very elaborate and graceful. Her expression is sweet and noble. This picture is wrongly ascribed to Lucas Van Heere, and is more likely to have been painted by Streete. Independently of its historical interest, it is a beautiful picture. On the other hand, its companion, supposed to represent Lord Guildford Dudley, is absolutely wrong. It represents a tall young gentleman with strongly-marked features and a vapid expression. It is the costume that gives the lie to the tradition that it is the portrait of Lady Jane’s husband, for the dress, with its voluminous ruff, is of the mid-Elizabethan period, and at least twenty-five years later than the death of the unfortunate young gentleman it is said to represent; but, on the other hand, the little velvet cap, with its two plumes, is certainly of the time of Edward VI. The ruff may have been added at a later date by an ignorant restorer.

(6) There is a curious portrait, probably of Lady Jane Grey, in the possession of J. Knight, Esq., of Chawton House, Alton.

(7) A very remarkable portrait, called “Jane Grey,” was formerly in the possession of Colonel Elliot; said to be now in one of the Colleges at Oxford. It was, however, engraved in 1830, and has lately been reproduced in colour by Messrs. Graves of Pall Mall. The face is that of an older person than Lady Jane, but the features are small and pretty, the expression being rather defiant and world-wise. She wears a turban-shaped hat of velvet, studded with immense pearls, which was certainly not in fashion in the days of Edward VI, or even in the last years of Henry VIII. Here again is an instance of costume giving the lie to tradition. Lady Jane could no more have worn such a hat and costume than a lady in 1909 could be painted as wearing the crinoline and spoon-shaped bonnet of mid-Victorian days.

(8) The small semi-miniature in the National Portrait Gallery is wrongly attributed to Lucas Van Heere, who was born in the year of Jane’s execution, and could therefore neither have painted the portrait in question nor any one of the numerous likenesses of Queen Mary ascribed to him, since he was only five years of age when that Queen died.

(9) A small portrait called “Jane Grey” is in the possession of Lord Hastings at Melton Constable, Norfolk.

(10) “A splendid portrait of Jane Grey” was exhibited at the Derby Art Exhibition in 1841--mentioned by Howard. It belonged to a Mr. Harrington, who inherited it from two ancient ladies, the Misses Gray of Derby, in the possession of whose family this picture had been for many generations.

(11) There is a sweetly pretty contemporary Tudor portrait, reputed to be that of Lady Jane Grey, in the possession of Colonel Horace Walpole, at Heckfield Place, Hants.

The Wyngaerde engraving has been frequently reproduced. In the Print Room at the British Museum there are no less than six variations of it. There are also engravings, more or less apocryphal, of Lady Jane by G. W. Krauss and G. C. Schmidt, 1782.

Engraved and fanciful portraits:--

Jane Grey, by G. Smerton, 1824.

Lady Jane Grey, by G. Buckland, 1776.

Lady Jane Grey, by Sherwin.

Lady Jane Grey presenting her prayer-book to Sir Thomas Brydges. Engraved by Wells. 1786.

Lady Jane Grey as Queen. By J. P. Simons.

Lady Jane Grey “From a contemporary miniature at Strawberry Hill,” by Vertue. (The original is now in the National Portrait Gallery.)

Lady Jane Grey. From a portrait in the possession of the Marquis of Buckingham. No name of engraver. She wears a velvet gown open at the throat to display a double chain with pendant cross. On table, large gold chalice.

Paul Delaroche has painted two famous historical pictures, representing events in the last days of Lady Jane Grey’s life--her farewell to Guildford and her execution. They have been frequently engraved.

PORTRAITS OF LADY JANE’S MOTHER, FATHER, AND GRANDFATHER

“Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, and her second husband, Adrian Stokes” (dated 1554). Small half-lengths of the Duchess of Suffolk on the left, and Adrian Stokes on the right. She wears a black dress with tags and jewels, gold-edged ruffs at neck and wrists, black jewelled hoods, two necklaces of pearls, one with pendants, right hand resting on cushion and holding glove, left holding ring. He wears a light-coloured embroidered doublet, black fur-lined surcoat slashed and with tags, ruffs at neck and wrists edged with pink, chain round neck, right hand on hip, left holding gloves, sword at his side. Above her head, _Ætatis_ xxxvi: above his, _Ætatis_ xxi. Dated MDLIV. Panel, 19½ × 27 in. Probably by Corvinus. This picture was engraved by Vertue. Colonel Wynn Finch.

Frances, Marchioness of Dorset. A superb Holbein drawing. H.M. the King, at Windsor.

Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk. Miniature. Was lent to the Tudor Exhibition by Lord Willoughby d’Eresby.

There are fine portraits of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in the National Portrait Gallery, and in the possession of Sir Frederick Cook. There is also a fine portrait by Corvinus of Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, in the National Portrait Gallery, and another in the possession of G. P. Boyce, Esq.

A portrait of Katherine, Baroness Willoughby d’Eresby, and Duchess of Suffolk, is in the possession of her descendant, Lord Willoughby d’Eresby.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LADY JANE GREY

In literature, Lady Jane Grey has been a popular heroine. She figures in: _The Tower of London_, by Harrison Ainsworth. _Jane Grey_ (French novel), by Alphonse Brot. _Lady Jane Grey_, by Philip Sidney. The life story of Lady Jane is told in _Jeanne Grey_, by Mdme. de Genlis. _The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary_. _Lives_ of Lady Jane Grey, by Howard, Agnes Strickland (in _Tudor and Stuart Princesses_), and Dr. Harris Nicholas.

There is a fine elegy of Lady Jane Grey by Sir Thomas Chaloner, one of the best Latin writers of the reign of Elizabeth, the original of which is preserved in the Bodleian Library. It is contained in the collection called the Illustrium, Jan. II. 68. p. 33.

“Jana luit patriam profuso sanguine culpam,
Vivere Phœnicis digna puella dies.
Illa suit Phœnix, merito dicenda manebat;
Ore placens Venerio, Palladis arte placens.

Culta fuit, formosa fuit: divina movebat
Sœpé viros facies, sœpé loquela viros.
Vidisset faciem? porterat procus improbus un:
Audisset cultæ verba? modestus era,” etc.

Lady Jane Grey’s tragic fate has been several times dramatised:--_John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland_, a tragedy, by Scriptor Ignotus. London, 1686. _Lady Jane Grey_, by J. W. Ross, 1882.

Independently of Rowe’s tragedy, _Lady Jane Grey_, there is the German tragedy of Von Sommer, entitled _Johanna Grey_; and _Jane Grey_, an opera-epilogue, acted 25th February, 1723, for the benefit of Mrs. Sterling at Dublin.

The literary works attributed to Lady Jane Grey are:--

1. Four Latin epistles--three to Bullinger, and one to Lady Katherine Grey. The originals of the first three are preserved at Zurich, the other is in the King’s Library, British Museum.

2. Her conference with Feckenham (probably apocryphal), although quoted by such early writers as Foxe and Florio.

3. A letter to Harding (doubtful).

4. A prayer for her own use in prison.

5. Four Latin verses scratched on her prison walls with a pin. These will be found on p. 336.

6. Her speech on the scaffold.

7. _The Complaint of a Sinner._

8. _The Duty of a Christian._

9. The annotations in the famous prayer-book.

10. A fragment of a letter has been recently found, and is printed in volume vii of the State Papers; Edward VI. Domestic Series. Addenda.

Hollingshead and Sir Richard Baker state “that she hath wrotten other things,” but they do not tell us where they are to be found. Several of her letters, notably the one to Sudeley and the famous letter to Queen Mary, are not extant in her own handwriting.

Lady Jane’s fine autograph signature figures on a number of contemporary documents. It is nothing like so elaborate as that of Elizabeth, but it is easy to see that the two Princesses received lessons in Italian caligraphy from the same teacher, probably Castiglione.

INDEX

Ab Ulmis or Ullmer, John, Reformer, 24, 169;
letters of, 179-80, 185, 186 f.n.

Anne Askew, birth and marriage, 61;
her preaching, 61;
arrest and recantation, 62;
second trial and condemnation, 63;
racked, 64 and f.n.;
is burnt alive, 66; 72 note

Anne of Cleves, Queen, 37 and f.n., 38, 39, 59, 312, 313

Arundel, Earl of, 7, 128, 251, 261, 275;
arrests Northumberland, 279-80, 283; 284;
proclaims Mary, 285 and f.n.; 295, 305, 349

Ascham, Roger, 127, 172;
his story of Lady Jane, 172-3;
his letter to Lady Jane, 175-7; 259; 264-5;
death, 358 f.n.

Ashley, Mrs., Princess Elizabeth’s attendant, 106;
on Elizabeth’s behaviour with Sudeley, 136 et seq.; 161 f.n.;
162, 163

Aske, Robert, 32

Audley, Lady, 184 and f.n.

Aylmer, John, 67, 169, 170;
letter to Bullinger, 178;
death, 358 f.n.

Baynard’s Castle, 284 and f.n.

Bradgate, Old Manor of, and Park, (Lady Jane’s birthplace), 1-4;
life at, in the olden times, 19-23; 223

Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk (Lady Jane’s grandfather), 4;
origin of, 7;
matrimonial peculiarities, marries Lady Mortimer, 7-11;
marries Mary Tudor, Queen of France, 8-9;
goes to France with Henry VIII, 54, 192;
death, etc., 57; 94;
portraits of, 363

Brandon, Lady Eleanor, 10, 12, 108, 109, 114

Brandon, Lady Frances. (_See_ Frances Brandon, Lady)

Browne, Sir Anthony, 39, 97 and f.n., 101, 106, 163, 216, 338

Brydges, Sir John, Lieutenant of the Tower, 253, 283, 290,
310, 311, 340

Brydges, Sir Thomas, 253, 290, 316, 335, 337;
at Lady Jane’s execution, 340, 341, 343

Carew, Sir Gawen, 84, 86, 88

Cecil, William, Lord Burghley, 166-7 f.n., 204, 206, 210;
knighted, 212 f.n.; 237, 240, 241, 244, 257 and f.n., 259-60;
his treachery, 277 and f.n., 278; 285 and f.n.; 296

Charles V, Emperor, 56, 263;
supports Northumberland, 265, 267 and f.n.; 268;
abandons Northumberland, 296, 297, 298 f.n.;
urges Lady Jane’s execution, 314, 315 f.n.; 316; 330

Cheke, Dr., afterwards Sir John, 127 and f.n.;
knighted, 212 f.n.; 241;
acts as Queen Jane’s Secretary of State, 257 f.n., 258-9;
imprisoned, 281 f.n.;
writes to Lord Oxford and leaves the Tower, 284;
imprisonment, recantation, and death, 358 and f.n.

Chelsea, Manor House, 137 f.n., 237, 355

Council, the Privy, letters of, to the Commissioners in Brussels,
262 f.n., 266-7;
to Princess Mary, 268-9, 295;
obtains leave to depart from the Tower, 284;
proclaims Mary Queen, 285;
attends St. Paul’s, 285;
retires to Westminster, 294;
its submission to Mary, 295-6; 312;
its treachery to Queen Jane considered, 316 and f.n., 320

Coverdale, Dr. Miles, as Jane’s tutor, 119;
at Katherine Parr’s funeral, 145, 146

Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 54, 65-6, 103-4, 107,
108, 131, 156, 204, 206;
connection with the Reformers, 227;
his interview with Edward VI about the succession, 240-1;
his conduct towards Lady Jane, 286-7;
the original charge against, 287 f.n.;
indictment against, 299;
at Edward VI’s funeral, 300;
trial of, 316, 317, 319, 320; 321

“Devise” for the succession drawn up, 238-9;
Jane named in, 240;
Council object to, 240-3;
signed, 243;
text of, 254-5

Diego de Mendoza, Don, 232, 262 and f.n., 263;
accepts Guildford Dudley as King, 263-4;
probably influenced by Northumberland and the Suffolks, 264; 265;
355

Dissolution of the Monasteries, disastrous effect of, 25-6, 195

Dorset, Henry Grey, Marquess of, afterwards Duke of Suffolk (Lady
Jane’s father), 4-5;
marriage of, 11; 14; 94;
negotiations with Sharington and Sudeley about parting with Lady
Jane, 115, 116; 128; 130;
welcomes Reformers, 134;
correspondence with Sudeley about Jane, 149-50;
has fresh negotiations with Sudeley and Sharington for the
purchase of Lady Jane, nature of the affair, 152;
also negotiations with Somerset, 153;
conclusion of negotiations with Sudeley, the money paid, 154-5;
supports Sudeley, 160; 169;
goes to live in London, 179;
letter to Bullinger, 179;
created Duke of Suffolk, 179, 212 f.n.;
goes to Sheen, 223; 224 and f.n.;
social intercourse with the Dudleys, 228-9;
coerces Jane into marrying Guildford Dudley, 230;
gives the Council leave to depart from the Tower, 284;
is ordered to give up the Tower, signs Mary’s proclamation, 287;
announces her downfall to Queen Jane, 288;
his subsequent movements, 289-90;
raises revolt against Mary, his defeat and betrayal, 322-3, 323
f.n.;
the injury done to Queen Jane’s cause by this revolt, 323-4, 323
f.n., 324 f.n., 326, 330; 334;
trial and defence, 349;
execution, 349-50;
burial, 350-1;
his head, 351 and f.n., 352 f.n.;
portrait of, 363

Dorset, Margaret, Dowager Lady, 5-6 and f.n.

Dorsets, residences of the, in London, 23-4;
friendship of the Howards for, 94, 95

Dudley, Lord Ambrose, 228, 273, 275;
imprisoned, 281 f.n., 292; 298; 316;
trial of, 317, 319; 356 f.n.

Dudley, Sir Andrew, 225 and f.n., 233, 271, 273, 281 f.n.;
condemnation and recantation, 304 and f.n.

Dudley, Edmund, 8, 190-1

Dudley, Guildford. (_See_ Guildford Dudley)

Dudley, Henry, 281 f.n., 284 f.n., 298, 316;
trial of, 317; 319; 356 f.n.

Dudley, John. (_See_ Northumberland, Duke of)

Dudley, Lord Robert, 23, 209, 229, 275, 292, 315, 320, 324, 356 f.n.

Durham House, 234, 236, 299, 252

Edward VI, King, birth, 14 and f.n., 52;
never Prince of Wales, 101 f.n.; 103 and f.n.;
learns of his father’s death, 106;
his movements at that time, 106 f.n.;
enters London, 107, 111;
writes to Katherine Parr on her marriage, 123-4;
infancy, 126;
education, 126-8;
little intercourse with his sisters, 128;
Coronation procession, 130-1;
Coronation, 132 and f.n.;
has to hear innumerable sermons, 156-7;
state of his health, is deformed and deaf, 157;
prefers Sudeley to Somerset, 157;
at Hampton Court, 204-6, 206 f.n.; 214;
becomes weaker, 222;
does not attend Jane’s wedding, but makes gifts, 234-5;
his scheme for the succession, 238 et seq.;
names Jane Grey as his successor, 240;
declares his will to the Council, 241, 242-3;
his death, 245 and f.n.;
rumours of his having been poisoned by Northumberland, 246-7, 247
f.n.;
supernatural visitations, 248;
funeral of, 300;
Masses for, 300 and f.n., 301;
his Great Seal, 302-3 f.n.

Elizabeth, Princess, 39, 52, 94, 106, 121;
joins Sudeley, 122;
her appearance at fifteen, 136;
her behaviour with Sudeley, 137 et seq., 162-3;
is sent away from Sudeley, 139;
letter to Katherine Parr, 139;
her feelings towards Sudeley, 140; 157; 167; 178;
omitted from the succession, 239;
declared illegitimate, 257-8;
dislikes Lady Jane, 257;
enters London, 298; 312

“Ellen,” Mrs., Lady Jane’s nurse, 17, 291, 340, 341, 343

England, state of, under Somerset’s protectorate, 195-6 et seq.,
212;
immorality in, 196-7;
slavery in, 198-9

Feckenham, Dr., afterwards Abbot, 321 and f.n.;
announces hour of her death to Lady Jane, 328 and f.n.;
appearance of, 329; 340; 341; 343; 358 f.n.

Fitzpatrick, Barnaby, 127 and f.n.

Frances Brandon, Lady, Marchioness of Dorset, afterwards Duchess of
Suffolk (Lady Jane’s mother), 4, 9;
birth and baptism, 11;
marries Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, 11;
her appearance, children, etc., 12; 35; 94; 108; 114; 132;
letter to Sudeley, 150-1; 154;
falls ill, 181; 183;
proposes a marriage between Lord Hertford and Jane, 210;
pays homage to Lady Jane as Queen, 251;
enters the Tower with Queen Jane, 253-4; 282; 289;
marries Adrian Stokes, 352;
portrait of, 353, 363;
appearance, gives birth to a child, dies, her monument, 354

Gage, Sir John, Constable of the Tower, 298, 299 f.n., 316, 334, 340

Gardiner, Bishop, 39, 54, 58;
endeavours to overthrow Katherine Parr, 67;
Henry’s anger against, 69 and f.n.;
omitted from Henry VIII’s will, 69, 103, 110; 70; 105; 108; 109;
111; 112; 114; 156; 211; 304; 325;
urges Jane’s execution, 332

Gates, Sir Harry, condemnation and recantation, 304

Gates, Sir John, 87, 241, 249, 275, 279 f.n., 280, 281 f.n.;
condemnation, 304;
execution, 307-8

“Geraldine, Fair,” birth and antecedents, 96 and f.n.;
her beauty, connection with the Earl of Surrey, marriages, etc.,
97;
funeral, 98; 163

Greys of Groby, family of, 3-4

Grey, Thomas, Marquis of Dorset, 1, 4

Grey, Lord Thomas, Lady Jane’s uncle, 183;
signs the “Devise,” 243;
captured and executed, 351-2

Grey, Lady Jane, “the Nine Days’ Queen,” birth, 14;
christening, 15 and f.n.;
babyhood and childhood, 16-18 et seq.; 24; 50; 51;
Lady Jane and Prince Edward, 55, 72, 120, 125-6, 128, 247-8; 62;
67; 68; 70; 94; 97; 108; 109;
effect of Henry VIII’s will on her political position, 115;
goes to Seymour Place, 117;
her life there, 118-9;
proposal of marrying her to the Earl of Hertford, 119, 132, 153,
210, 230;
life at Chelsea, 140;
at Sudeley Castle, 141 et seq.;
as chief mourner at Katherine Parr’s funeral, 145;
goes back to Bradgate, 151;
letter to Lord Sudeley, 154;
returns to Sudeley’s charge at Hanworth, 155;
goes again to Seymour Place, 157;
returns to Bradgate, 166;
her education, 169 et seq.;
letter to Bullinger, 170-2;
Ascham’s story of, 172-3;
ill-treated by her parents, 173, 230 and f.n., 303;
her knowledge of languages, 174;
appears at Court, 181, 182;
her travels in 1551-2, 183-4;
illness, 185;
makes presents to Bullinger’s wife, 186;
movements in 1552-4, 186, 223 f.n.;
story of, 189;
doubtful legitimacy, 197, 224-5;
coerced into marrying Guildford Dudley, 230;
preparations for the wedding, 230;
date of wedding, 232 and f.n.;
special attire for, 233 and f.n.;
details of the wedding, 233-4, 235;
her dress at her wedding, 235 and f.n.;
her own account of her interview with the Duchess of
Northumberland, 236;
goes to Chelsea and falls ill, 237;
nominated successor to Edward VI, 240;
goes to Sion House, 250-1;
is informed of Edward VI’s will, 251;
homage done her as Queen, 252;
her distress thereat, 252;
proceeds to the Tower, 252;
her entry into the Tower as Queen, her appearance, 253;
proclaimed Queen, 256;
signs documents, 259, 267, 276, 283;
dines in State, 260;
scene with the Duchess of Northumberland, refuses to make
Guildford Dudley King, 260;
receives the Regalia, 261, 270;
her Royal Seal, 266;
falls ill, 268;
list of her property sent to the Tower, 271-3;
makes appointments, 276;
collapse of her cause, 281, 283;
strange incident, sends for Lord Winchester, 282;
Suffolk announces her downfall to her, abandons the Throne, 288;
deserted in the Tower, 289;
her imprisonment, 291, etc.;
relinquishes the Regalia and her money, 292-3;
her will, 294;
indictment against, 298-9;
writ against, 316;
proceeds to Guildhall for her trial, 316-7;
trial and condemnation, 318-9, 319 f.n.;
letter to Harding, 321;
her death-warrant, 326-7;
her death announced to her, 328-9;
postponement of execution, 329-30;
reasons why she was not executed with Guildford, 330-1;
letter to her father, 331;
last letter to her sister Katherine, 332-4;
last writings, 335-6;
inscriptions in her cell, 336 f.n.;
last hours, 337 et seq.;
refuses to see Guildford but watches him go to execution, 337;
sees his bleeding remains, 339 and f.n.;
the execution delayed, 339;
the procession to the scaffold, 340;
Jane said to be _enceinte_, 341;
her last speech, 341-3;
behaviour on the scaffold, prepares for death, 343-4;
last moments and decapitation, 344;
contemporary account of execution, 344-5 f.n.;
treatment of her body after death, 345-6;
burial, 346 and f.n.;
legend about, 347;
portraits of, 359-62;
writings on Jane Grey, 342 f.n., 363-4;
her literary works, 364

Grey, Lady Katherine, 10, 17, 18, 108, 109, 119 f.n., 132, 183, 232
and f.n., 235, 252;
Lady Jane’s last letter to, 332-4; 353

Grey, Lady Mary, 10; a dwarf, 17; 18; 109; 183; 233; 252; 353; 358

Guildford Dudley, Lord, proposal to marry him to Lady Margaret
Clifford, 224, 226; 229;
birth and antecedents, 231;
appearance, 231;
his portrait, 231 f.n.;
date of his marriage with Jane Grey, 232 and f.n.;
details of the marriage, 234-5;
remains at Durham House, 237;
enters the Tower with Queen Jane, 253;
his endeavours to become King of England, 260, 261-6;
imprisoned, 292;
his money taken from him, 294;
indictment against, 298-9;
writ against, goes to trial, 316-7;
trial and condemnation, 319; 320; 326;
receives his death sentence, 330;
his autograph, 334;
desires to see Lady Jane, 337;
supposed recantation, 337;
goes out to execution, 337-8;
his execution, 338 and f.n.

Hampton Court, 43, 44, 47;
Edward VI at, 204-6

Harding, Dr., Jane’s tutor and rector of Bradgate, 15, 27, 170, 321

Henry VIII, his religiosity, 37;
divorces Anne of Cleves, 37-8;
marries Katherine Parr, 39;
his appearance, 46;
in expedition to France, 54, 55-7;
declines in health, 59;
defeats the plot against Katherine Parr, 67-9;
his will, 69 f.n.;
text of, 109 and f.n., 110, 238, 111; 72;
his last illness, 100-1;
does not receive the last Sacraments, 102;
death, 104;
his body embalmed, 107;
funeral arrangements, 107-8, 111;
funeral procession and sermon, 112-4;
weird occurrence at Sion, 113;
supernatural apparitions of Henry, 114;
effect of his will, 115

Hertford, Earl of, son of the Duke of Somerset, proposal to marry
him to Jane, 119, 153, 210, 230; 119 f.n.; 127; 232 f.n.; 315

Hoby, Sir Philip, English Ambassador to Brussels, 40, 262 and f.n.,
266, 267-8;
submits to Mary, 296;
recalled, 297; 328 f.n.

Holland, Mrs. Elizabeth or Bess, 75 and f.n., 85-6;
gives evidence at Surrey’s trial, 89-90; 92; 93; 94; 95 f.n.

Household, Henry VIII’s, 42 et seq.;
etiquette in, 49

Howard, the house of, 73 and f.n.;
feud between the Howards and the Seymours, 73, 76, 81 et seq.;
their relations with the Dorsets, 95-6

Huggones, Mrs., 225;
called before the Privy Council, 226

Hunsdon, 95 f.n.

Huyck, Dr., 145 and f.n.

Inventory of the Howards’ effects, 92 et seq.;
of the Crown Jewels, etc., delivered to Queen Jane, 270, 293;
of Queen Jane’s own effects, 271-2

Jane Grey, Lady. (_See_ Grey, Lady Jane)

Ket, Robert, 200 and f.n.;
his rebellion, 201-2;
captured and hanged, 202; 235 f.n.

Knox, John, 156, 157, 281

Kyme, Thomas, husband of Anne Askew, 61, 63

Latimer, Lord, 32-3;
correspondence with Sir John Russell, 33-4;
dies, 34; 162

Latimer, Lady. (_See_ Parr, Katherine)

Margaret Clifford, Lady, proposal to marry her to Guildford Dudley,
224, 226; 225 and f.n.

Mary of Guise, Queen-Regent of Scotland, 110;
enters London, 181-2

Mary, Princess, afterwards Queen of England, 39, 52-3, 94, 102, 121;
the Dorsets and Mary, 181;
visited by the Dorsets, 183;
her feelings towards Lady Jane Grey, 189; 233;
omitted from the scheme for the succession, 239, 241 f.n.;
Northumberland’s intrigues against her and her escape, 249, 250;
declared illegitimate, 258, 259;
her letter to the Council, 268;
risings in favour of, 273-4, 277, 281, 283;
proclaimed Queen, 285;
popular enthusiasm for, 285-6;
affection for Philip of Spain, 297;
enters London, 298;
enters the Tower as Queen, 299;
her hatred of Northumberland, 302, 306;
Coronation, 312-3;
wishes to spare Lady Jane’s life, 314 and f.n., 315-6, 320;
decline of enthusiasm for, 322;
signs Jane’s death-warrant, 327; 337

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, 109, 238

Mary Tudor, Queen of France, 8;
marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 9;
her children, 9;
dies, 10;
her monument, 11

Montagu, Lord Chief Justice, 240, 241, 242, 243, 281 f.n.

Morgan, Judge, 298;
presides at Queen Jane’s trial, 318;
his career and death, 318 f.n.;
condemns Jane to death, 319

Mortimer, Lady. (_See_ under Brandon, Charles)

Morysone, Sir Richard, English Ambassador, 262, 266;
recalled, 297

Newhall Place, description of, 186-7;
life at, 188

Noailles, the de, French Ambassadors, 312, 315, 345, 345-6 f.n.

Nonesuch, Palace of, 45 and f.n.

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of, 32, 54, 66, 73, 74;
appearance, 74-5;
marriage, 75;
his attempt to reconcile his son and the Seymours, 81 et seq.;
charged with treason and taken to the Tower, 88;
his death-warrant prepared, 92;
release, 92;
dispersal of his lands and wardrobe, 92-3; 105; 298;
death, 302; 312, 313; 316;
attends Lady Jane’s trial, 317; 341

Norfolk, Duchess of, is neglected by her husband, 75;
her grievances, 85-6;
gives evidence against her husband, 89; 94

Northampton, William Parr, Earl of Essex and Marquis of, 29, 53, 54;
created Marquis, 129; 163; 197; 202; 214; 240; 241; 251;
letter to, 259; 275; 281 f.n.;
indictment against, 299;
trial, 302-3; 304; 325

Northampton, Marchioness of, 141 f.n.

Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of (previously Viscount Lisle and
Earl of Warwick), 38, 50, 54, 57;
becomes Lord Chamberlain, 112;
created Earl of Warwick, 129; 130;
his antecedents, 190 and f.n., 191;
birth, 191;
goes to France, 192;
his wife, 192;
his intrigues, 192;
successful expedition into Norfolk, 202;
popularity, 203;
becomes Lord Great Master and High-Admiral, 207;
governs badly, 208;
endeavours to overthrow Somerset, 211;
is created Duke of Northumberland, 212;
makes false accusations against Somerset, 213;
attends Somerset’s trial, 214;
position improved by Somerset’s death, 221 and f.n.;
interferes with Princess Mary’s religion, 221 f.n., 222;
social intercourse with the Suffolks, 224, 228-9;
induces Edward VI to nominate Jane Grey as his successor, 239-40,
240 f.n.;
coerces the Council, 242;
tyrannises over every one, 243 f.n.;
rumours that he had poisoned Edward VI, 246-7, 247 f.n., 315 f.n.;
intrigues to destroy Princess Mary, 249;
informs Jane that she is Queen, 251;
his schemes for changing the State religion, 265; 267;
his farewell dinner, 274-5;
takes command of Queen Jane’s forces against Mary, and leaves
London with them, 275;
sends for reinforcements and retires to Cambridge, 277;
made prisoner, 279;
brought to the Tower, 280;
indictment against, 299;
his bad health, 301;
Mary’s hatred for him, 302, 306;
his trial and condemnation, 302 and f.n., 303;
his recantation, 304 and f.n.;
pathetic letter to Arundel, 305-6;
his sincerity in changing his faith, 306 f.ns.;
his execution postponed and the probable reason, 306-7, 307 f.n.;
leave-taking of Guildford, 307;
his execution, 307-8;
curious account of, 308 f.n.;
burial, 309;
Lady Jane’s opinion of him, 310-11;
his family, 356-7 f.n.

Northumberland, Duchess of, disliked by Lady Jane, 192;
antecedents, 231;
quarrels with Lady Jane, 236;
does homage to Jane as Queen, 251;
has a violent scene with Queen Jane in the Tower, 260-1;
her bequests to Don Mendoza, 262 f.n.;
pleads for her husband to Mary, 280;
quarrels with the Duchess of Suffolk, 282; 289;
her existence after the Duke’s execution, 355;
death, 355;
her will, 355;
strange last directions, 355-6;
funeral, 356

Owen, Dr. George, 101, 245 and f.n.

Paget, Sir William, 101, 105, 106, 213, 283, 285, 295, 358 f.n.

Palmer, Sir Thomas, 213, 281 f.n.;
condemnation, 304;
execution, 307-8

Parr, Katherine, Queen (previously Lady Latimer), birth, 28;
first marriage, 29;
her appearance, 30 and f.n.;
her education, writings, etc., 31;
first dealings, with Henry VIII, 37, 38;
her marriage with Henry VIII, 39;
public opinion on, 39-40; 51-2;
her writings, 53; 54; 59;
her connection and encouragement of Anne Askew, 62, 64, 72 note;
is nearly arrested for heresy, 67-9;
the plot against, 69 et seq.;
at Henry VIII’s death-bed, 102; 108 and f.n.;
mentioned in Henry’s will, 110, 110-11 f.n., 238;
at Henry VIII’s funeral, 114; 119;
her _liaison_ with Thomas Seymour, 121-2;
marriage to Seymour, 123;
indignation of the Somersets at the marriage, 124;
her life at Sudeley Castle, 142;
gives birth to a child, 143;
her last days, 144 et seq.;
makes her will, 145;
death and funeral, 145-6

Parr, the family of, 28-9

Parr, Sir Thomas, 29, 53

Partridge, Nathaniel, Lady Jane’s warder, 290 and f.n.; 310

Pembroke, William Herbert, Earl of, 29, 53, 54, 130, 160, 163, 214,
251, 261, 283, 284, 285, 286

Penn, Mrs. Sybel, Prince Edward’s nurse, 126 and f.n., 247

Proclamation of Queen Jane, 256 and f.n., 257 and f.n.

Reformers, the Swiss and other, 59, 133-5;
their letters, 134, 180, 227;
Lady Jane Grey and the Reformers, 180, 226;
their ways and opinions, 227-8;
their comments on Lady Jane’s execution, 348

Religion, in England, return of Catholicism, 74 and f.n., 326;
state of, in the first year of Edward VI’s reign, 133;
under Edward VI, 213;
Northumberland’s schemes anent a change in, 265

Renard, Simon, the Imperial Ambassador, 265, 297, 312, 314, 315,
330, 348

Richmond, Mary, Duchess of, Earl of Surrey’s sister, 83-4, 85;
gives evidence against Surrey, 90;
repentance and death, 98; 108

Ridley, Bishop, 156, 281 and f.ns., 321

Russell, Lord John, Privy Seal, 33 and f.n., 39, 66, 199;
connection with Sudeley, 158-9; 204; 205 f.n.; 284; 312

Sandys, Dr., 277, 278;
preaches before Northumberland, 278-9; 279; 280; 281 f.n.

Seymour, Dowager Lady, 117-8;
death, 161; 211 and f.n.

Seymour, Edward, Earl of Hertford, Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector,
39, 54, 77;
quarrels with the Earl of Surrey, 81;
attempted reconciliation, 82-3;
failure of same, 84;
attends Henry VIII’s death-bed, 101, 105;
after Henry’s death leaves Palace, 106;
appointed Protector, 110;
proclaimed Protector, 111 and f.n.;
assumes the office of treasurer, etc., 111-2;
his intrigues, 119;
indignation at Thomas Seymour (Sudeley’s) marriage, quarrels with
him, 120, 124;
is created Duke of Somerset, 128;
dines with Sudeley and Warwick, 129-30;
quarrels with Sudeley, letter to, 143-4;
unpopular in Scotland, his massacres there, 192-3, 192 f.n.;
unpopular in England, 194-5;
his loose morals, 197;
risings against his maladministration, 199;
takes refuge at Hampton Court, 204;
assumes higher rank, 204;
flies to Windsor, 206;
arrested and sent to the Tower, 206-7;
confesses his guilt, is fined and released, 208-9;
regains his lost position, 209-10; 212;
return of unpopularity, 212-3;
second arrest, 213; trial, 213-4;
sentenced to death, 214;
scene at his execution, 215;
decapitation and burial, 216;
his character considered, 216-7;
contemporary letter about him, 217-20;
his prayer-book, 334

Seymour, the family of, 76-7;
feud between the Seymours and the Howards, 81 et seq.

Sharington, Sir William, 115, 116, 151 and f.n., 152, 154, 160, 161
f.n., 276

Sheen, ex-Priory of, 223 and f.n.

Sidney, Lady Mary, Northumberland’s daughter, 229;
sent to Jane by the Council, 251; 355; 356-7 f.n.

Sion House, 224 and f.n.;
life at, 228-9;
homage paid to Lady Jane at, 251

Somers, Will, Court jester, 49 and f.n., 50

Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of. (_See_ Seymour, Edward)

Somerset, Anne Stanhope, Duchess of, 34, 39, 80;
quarrels with Katherine Parr, 125, 165 f.n.;
imprisoned, 213 f.n.;
her prison fare, 294;
second marriage, friendship for Mary, death, 357

Stanfield Hall (Lady Jane’s dower), 235 f.n.

Stokes, Adrian (Lady Frances Brandon’s second husband), 229, 352,
353 and f.n., 354;
death, 355

Sudeley Castle, in olden times, 141-2;
Jane Grey’s room at, 142

Sudeley, Thomas Seymour, Lord, 36, 77, 82;
at Henry VIII’s death, 101, 106;
becomes Lord High-Admiral, 112;
his intrigues to obtain possession of Lady Jane Grey, 115;
his London residence, 116 and f.n.;
obtains wardship of Lady Jane, 117;
his appearance, morals, and early intrigues, 120-1;
endeavours to marry a Princess, 121;
his courtship of Katherine Parr, 121-2;
marriage with her, 123;
gets Edward VI to countenance this marriage, 123;
the marriage made public, 123-4;
indignation of the Somersets thereat, 124;
created Baron Sudeley, 129; 130;
his improper behaviour with Princess Elizabeth, 136 et seq.;
rumours about the same, 140 and f.n.;
intrigues against the Protector, 143, 155;
is arrested but released, 143;
conduct during Katherine Parr’s illness, 144-5;
effect of her death, 147;
writes to Dorset relinquishing Jane, 147-9;
intrigues to again obtain possession of Lady Jane, on payment of
money, and interviews Dorset, 152;
negotiations concluded, 154;
pays for Jane and takes her back to Hanworth with him, 155;
again plots to marry a Princess, 157-9;
tries to obtain the Protectorship, 160;
arrested, 161;
evidence against him, 162;
condemned to death, 164;
beheaded, 165;
sermon on, 166;
fate of his child, 166-7 f.n.

Suffolk, Katherine, Duchess of, 11, 34, 39, 108, 357-8;
portrait of, 363

Suffolk, Duke of. (_See_ Dorset, Marquess of)

Suffolk, Duchess of. (_See_ Frances Brandon, Marchioness of)

Surrey, Earl of Surrey (the “Poet-Earl”), 54, 66, 74;
his many talents, 75-6;
appearance, 76;
riotous life, 78;
brought before the Privy Council, 79 and f.n.;
committed to prison, 80;
quarrels with Edward Seymour (then Lord Hertford), 81;
makes impolitic remarks, 83;
again summoned before Privy Council, 85, 86, 87;
his trial, 90-1;
execution, 91;
dispersal of his effects, 93-4;
his children, 98;
his place of burial, 99

Surrey, Countess of, 78 and f.n., 93;
second marriage and death, 98-9

Table of the heirs female to the Crown, named in the “Devise,”
239 f.n.

Throckmorton brothers, the, 37, 163;
save Mary’s life, 249-50, 250 f.n.

Throckmorton, Lady, 287-8, 291

Tower of London, the, Queen Jane’s entry into, 253;
Queen Jane proclaimed in, 256;
ammunition brought into, 273;
part of it in which Queen Jane was lodged, 281-2 f.n.;
place of her imprisonment in, 290;
seizure of, made a count against Queen Jane, 298, 298-9 f.n.;
Mary’s entry into as Queen, 299;
the Bulwark Gate, 337, 338 f.n.

Tylney, Mrs. Elizabeth, Lady Jane’s attendant, 291 and f.n.; 235;
340; 341; 343

Tyrwhitt, Lady, 35 and f.n., 62, 67;
her account of Katherine Parr’s last illness, 144-5, 162

Udall, Nicholas, 157, 172

Underhill, Edward, his child, 287

Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of. (_See_ Northumberland, Duke of)

Warwick, John, Earl of, (the Duke of Northumberland’s son), 209 and
f.n., 275, 281 f.n., 292;
trial, 302-3; 356 f.n.

Wendy, Dr., 67, 101 and f.n., 245

White, Thomas, Lord Mayor of London, 298, 316, 341

Winchester, William Paulet, Marquess of, 203;
created, 212 f.n.; 214; 241;
brings Jane the Regalia, 261, 270 and f.n.; 282; 283; 284; 292 and
f.n.; 293; 294

“Windsor Martyrs,” the, 40 and f.n.

Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, 39, 54, 64, 65, 66;
tries to ruin Katherine Parr, 67;
Henry’s anger against him, 68-9; 87; 88; 109;
created Earl of Southampton, 129 and f.n.; 160; 203; 313 f.n.

Wyatt rebellion, the, 325;
capture of Wyatt, 326

_Printed by_ MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED, _Edinburgh_

FOOTNOTES

[1] This will be seen conspicuously in my new volume of Spanish State Papers of Edward VI, now in the press to be issued next year by the Record Office.

[2] Antonio de Guaras, a Spanish merchant. This was just before Somerset’s final downfall. See Spanish Chronicle of Henry VIII.

[3] “The oak trees there [Bradgate] were pollarded after her [Jane’s] execution. Some old members of the family remember a watch with a case made of a hollowed ruby or carbuncle, which is said to have belonged to Lady Jane. But this, with other relics of Lady Jane, seems to have disappeared mysteriously some fifty or so years ago.”--Extract from a letter from Earl Stamford and Warrington, dated 20th November 1907.

[4] The barony of Ferrers was merged in the Townshend peerage by the marriage, in 1751, of George, Viscount Townshend, with Charlotte, last Baroness Ferrers.

[5] State Papers, Domestic Series, Henry VIII.

[6] The Priory of Tylsey was dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows.

[7] State Papers, Domestic Series, Henry VIII.

[8] Miss Strickland and other writers on the Grey family state that Margaret, Marchioness of Dorset, outlived the ruin of her family. This is an error. She died in September 1541, apparently of the plague. See State Papers, 1156 and 1489, Domestic Series, Henry VIII.

[9] This lady is occasionally confounded with Queen Anne Boleyn, who was never _Lady_ Anne Boleyn. The lady in question, who has proved somewhat of a stumbling-block to historians, who have frequently confused her with the Queen, was Anne, daughter of the Earl of Pembroke and wife of Sir William Boleyn.

[10] Lady Jane was certainly christened at Bradgate and not at Groby, which confirms the statement that she was born at Bradgate; for if she had been born at Groby, her baptism would have taken place in the parish church of that village.

[11] There has been some controversy over the date of Queen Jane Seymour’s death. Bishop Burnet (p. 33, vol. ii.) says it was the day after Prince Edward’s birth, _i.e._ 14th October; which date is adopted by Hall (p. 825), Stow (p. 575), Speed (p. 1039), Herbert (p. 492), and Holinshed (p. 944). On the other hand, Henninges (_Theatrum Genealogicum_, tome 4, p. 105) says it was the 15th; a letter of the doctors (in Cottonian MSS, Nero C. x. fol. 2), the 17th; Fabian, 23rd October; King Edward’s own _Journal_, “Within a few days after the birth of her son, died ...;” and George Lilly (_Chronicle_), twelve days after--_Duodecimo post die moritur_. However, Cecil’s _Journal_, a document in the Herald’s Office, and a letter among the State Papers dated Wednesday, 24th October, give the 24th October as the date of the Queen’s death. This is in agreement with the statement in the _London Chronicle during the Reigne of Henry VII and Henry VIII_ (Camden Soc., from Cottonian MSS, Vespasian A. xxv. fol. 38-46), which clearly says that “On Saynt Edwardes eve Fryday in the mornyng (12th October), was prince Edward boorn, the trew son of K.H. the viii. and quene Jane his mothur in Hamton Corte. His godffathurs was the deuke of Norfock, and the deuke of Suffocke, and the (Arch) Bisschop of Caunterbery; and his godmother was his owne sister, which was dooughter of quene Kataryn a fore sayd. On Saynte Crispyns eve Wensday (24th October), dyid quene Jane in childbed, and is beryid in the castelle of Wynsor.” She was not, however, buried until 12th November. Dorset followed the procession from Hampton Court to Windsor, riding close to the Princess Mary, who was her stepmother’s chief mourner.

[12] Jane Grey was evidently given the name of Jane in compliment to Queen Jane Seymour, who must have been still living at the time of the child’s birth. The name Jane, a variant of Johanna and Joan, is exceedingly rare in pre-Reformation times. The lady who very likely acted as godmother was her paternal aunt, Lady Cicely Grey.

[13] This method of baptizing infants is still practised in the Archdiocese of Milan.

[14] These ceremonies, which are extremely ancient and essentially Roman Catholic, are even now carried out in Italy, Spain, and Portugal.

[15] The prefix _the_ before the title Lady was considered in the sixteenth century equivalent to “Princess”; “the Lady Elizabeth,” “the Lady Mary,” and so forth. “Royal Highness” was not in use, and royal ladies were addressed as “Your Grace.”

[16] An old cookery book of the sixteenth century in the possession of the author contains the following “crafte to make Ypocras”: “Take a quarter of red wyne, an unce of synamon, and half an unce of gynger: a quarter of an unce of greynes and of longe pepper, wythe half a pound of sugar: broie all these not too smalle, and then putte them in a bagg of wullen clothe (made therefore) with the wyne, and lette it hange over a vessel tylle the wyne be runne thorow. It is presumed that the wyne should be poured in boiling hot, else it would gain little of the spicy flavour.”

[17] Dorset, when he became Duke of Suffolk, incurred the censure of the Reformers under Edward VI for his sinful encouragement of players and other like “vagabonds.”

[18] In Lent and Advent, and during Passion and Rogation weeks, meat was only served once a week.

[19] Sir Thomas Carden’s account for sums disbursed for the household expenses of Anne of Cleves in 1552 gives us a curious insight into the manner and expense of lighting a gentlewoman’s house in the middle of the sixteenth century. Anne was residing at a manor at Dartford, and Sir Thomas supplied her with “35 lb. of wax lights, sixes and fours to the lb. at 1s. per lb.; 100 prickets [or candles to be stuck on an iron spike] at 6d. per lb.; staff torches 1s. 4d. per doz., and of white lights, 18 doz. at 9s. per doz.”--Losely MSS, edited by A. J. Kempe.

[20] This detestable game is still a favourite in parts of Cuba, but generally with a goose substituted for the duck. The writer saw it “played” there in 1879.

[21] The fact that this house was the Dorsets’ usual town residence is proved by the Marquess’s distinctly stating that Seymour, when he fetched away Jane Grey, came to him “immediately” after Henry VIII’s death “at my house in Westminster.”

[22] Coaches, properly so called, were introduced into England in 1601.

[23] “The gentlewomen in cloak and _safeguards_.”--Stage directions to the _Merry Devil of Edmonton_.

[24] Strype’s _Memorials_.

[25] Queen Katherine Parr was buried in the chapel at Sudeley Castle, which fell into ruins late in the seventeenth century. The monument having become much dilapidated, the then Vicar of Sudeley (1786) had the curiosity to open it and examine the condition of the body, which was found to be in a perfect state of preservation. The corpse measured 5 ft. 3 in.; the coffin, 5 ft. 10 in., the width being 1 ft. 4 in. in the broadest part, and the depth 1 ft. 5½ in. The Queen must therefore have had a very slight figure. The body was fully dressed in a Court costume of the period of cloth of gold and velvet; there were untanned leather shoes upon the feet. The profusion of light golden hair was quite remarkable. Of course several locks of it were snipped off and preserved as relics, one of them being still exhibited at Sudeley. Another lock of Katherine Parr’s hair was in the possession of Lord Bennet, who showed it to the author. It was very bright in colour and exceedingly curly. In 1805 the remains of Katherine Parr were again disturbed, and it was then discovered that an ivy berry had fallen into a fissure of the skull, taken root, and twined round the head a verdant coronet. For the last time the remains were touched in 1842, when they were removed with reverential care by Messrs. William and John Dent, who had become possessors of Sudeley Castle, and placed in a handsome monument, having above it a noble figure of the Queen, which is still one of the chief ornaments of the exquisitely restored chapel of the ancient castle--a veritable treasure-house of Tudor relics--now so pleasantly associated with the Dent family. For these notes on the remains of Katherine Parr the writer is personally indebted to the late Miss Elizabeth Strickland, who so long survived her sister Agnes, and to an interesting pamphlet on Sudeley Castle by Dr. Richard Garnett.

[26] The MS. of this poem is contained in a little volume bound in black morocco. Though evidently contemporary, some doubts have been expressed as to its authenticity, but a marked allusion to the writer’s position as a Consort of Henry VIII is supposed to be a sufficient guarantee as to the identity of the royal poetess, not to speak of the evidence of her handwriting.

[27] He is the gentleman with the beautiful saint-like head and angelic expression in the splendid series of drawings by Holbein at Windsor.

[28] This Mr. “Nudygate” or Newdigate’s son became in due time secretary to Anne Stanhope, Duchess of Somerset, and her second husband.

[29] British Museum, Vespasian, F. xiii. 183, f. 131.

[30] Lady Denny was the daughter of Sir Philip Champernoun of Modbury, Devonshire, and wife of Sir Andrew Denny, Privy Councillor and Groom of the Stole to Henry VIII. Her husband predeceased her on 10th September 1549, and she herself died on 15th May 1553.

[31] Lady Fitzwilliam was the daughter of Sir W. Sidney and wife of Sir William Fitzwilliam of Milton, Northamptonshire, Master of the King’s Bench. Sir H. Gough Nichols, however, thinks she was more probably the widow of that Sir William’s grandfather, Sir William Fitzwilliam of Milton and Alderman of London, who died in 1534. In this case she would have been the daughter of Sir John Ormonde and granddaughter of Anne Cooke, the learned daughter of Sir A. Cooke by his first wife, Anne Fitzwilliam.

[32] Lady Tyrritt or Tyrwhitt was not, as Miss Strickland says, the daughter of Katherine Parr’s first husband, but through her husband, Lord Robert Tyrwhitt of Leighton House, the cousin seven times removed of that gentleman. She was the daughter of Sir Gerald Oxenburgh of Sussex.

[33] This Countess of Sussex was Anne, daughter of Sir Philip Calthorpe and second wife of Henry, Earl of Sussex. She was sent to the Tower in April 1552 on a charge of witchcraft, and for having said that a son of Edward IV was yet living. Lodged in the Lieutenant’s apartments, she was liberated by order of the Duke of Northumberland in the following September, after six months’ imprisonment. In all probability the offence of which this lady was accused was merely that of having predicted the young King Edward VI’s early death.

[34] There were some very curious rumours circulating in London concerning the divorce of Anne of Cleves. Cranmer granted the divorce on the plea that the Queen was still _virgo intacta_; but “two honest citizens” (letter from Chapuys to Charles V) “were arrested on 9th December 1541 on a plea that they published particulars of Queen Katherine Howard’s inchastity, and said ‘the whole thing was a judgment of God,’ and that the lady of Cleves was the King’s real wife; and that she was in the family way by the King, notwithstanding rumours to the contrary. That it was not true the King had not behaved to her like a husband; and that she was gone away from London and had had a son in the country last summer.”

[35] Robert Testwood was a chorister belonging, with Marbeck, to the Chapel Royal, Windsor. Parsons was a priest, and Henry Filmer was a tailor. Marbeck, who is said to have had a very fine voice, was a fairly well-educated man, who at the time of his arrest had made some progress with a translation of Calvin’s works. Testwood was a well-known ribald jester who had frequently turned the anthem into ridicule, and on more than one occasion had been caught singing lewd words while the rest of the congregation were chanting the right ones. He was arrested for smashing the nose of a statue of the Virgin; Parsons was condemned for blasphemy; and Filmer for speaking ill of the Host. He had said that if Transubstantiation were true, he had eaten “twenty Gods” in his time.

[36] The Royal Household was considerably reduced by Somerset in the first year of Edward VI, but in Elizabeth’s day it was again augmented in every department, and was the most terrible and disastrous legacy the great Queen bequeathed to her Stuart successor. The only other example of such an extraordinary plethora of Court officials and retainers is to be found at the Court of France under Louis XIV and Louis XV’s unhappy successor, and they were a great factor in bringing about the Revolution.

[37] Harl. 1419. The above account of Henry’s palaces and their contents is taken from this important MSS: the Household Expenses, State Papers, Royal Society’s Papers, _temp._ Henry VIII, and from the very curious Trevelyan Papers, Camden Society; also from that admirable work, _The History of Hampton Court Palace_, by Ernest Law, M.A.

[38] These tapestries were duplicates of those still preserved in the Vatican, the cartoons for which are at the South Kensington Museum. They remained in Whitehall till the death of Charles I, when they were sold to Don Alfonso de Cardenas, and passed at his decease to the house of Alva, which in turn sold them to Mr. Peter Tupper, who brought them to England in 1823; in his house they remained until they were resold to Mr. William Trall. In 1863 they were exhibited at the Crystal Palace, and came very near destruction in the fire which devastated the Tropical Department. Their subsequent fate is unknown, but as recently as 1889 the writer saw two of the series in a shop in Wardour Street. In 1890 a series of finely painted cartoons, evidently by Raphael and his pupils, representing scenes from the Acts of the Apostles, identical with these, came from Russia, and were exhibited by the late Mr. Martin Colnaghi and afterwards sold to an American financier.