Chapter VII: Part 7

_Ahani clan_ of the Navaho, 137

_Aiaha__n__ clan_ of the Apache, 22

_Aklolh._ _See_ RAINBOW

_Alabama_, Apache sent to, 10

_All-color Corn Girl_ of Navaho myth, 96

_Alphabet_ used for Indian terms, vi

_Anatomical terms_, Athapascan, 139

_Animal chiefs_ in Navaho under-world, 80

_Animals_, Athapascan terms for, 139 deified by Apache, 29 in Apache myth, 27, 35 represented in Jicarilla dry-painting, 57 spirits of, prayers to, 39

_Anltsistn_, a Jicarilla god, 60, 61 _See_ WHIRLWIND

_Antelope monster_ in Navaho myth, 99, 106

_Antelope skin_ used in maternity belt, 39

_Apache_, account of the, 1-49 and Navaho compared, 81 application of term, 53 character of the, xix Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138 people among Navaho, 137 tribal summary of, 131-134 vocabulary of, 139-144

_Apache-Mohave_ assigned to reservation, 8 character of, 5-6 subdued by Crook, 8 _See_ MOHAVE

_Apaches del Perrillo_ mentioned, 53

_Apaches de Nabaju_ mentioned, 53

_Apaches Faraones_ mentioned, 53

_Apaches Gilenos_ mentioned, 53

_Apaches Lipanes_ mentioned, 53

_Apaches Llaneros_ mentioned, 53

_Apaches Tejua_ mentioned, 53

_Apaches Vaqueros_ mentioned, 53

_Apatieh_, application of term, 5

_Arapaho_, Jicarilla name for, 135

_Arivaipa_, Apache name for, 134 clans of the, 133

_Armor_ in Navaho myth, 104, 105

_Arrow-point_ as knife in ceremony, 118

_Arrows_ in Jicarilla myth, 63, 65, 68 in Navaho myth, 89, 99, 105, 107-108, 114

_Art_, graphic, of the Apache, 20 _See_ PAINTING

_Arts_ of the Apache, 132 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 74, 136 _See_ BASKETRY; HANDICRAFTS; INDUSTRIES; POTTERY; SILVER-WORK

_Astse Estsan_, First Woman of the Navaho, 84, 90-95

_Astse Hastin_, First Man of the Navaho, 84, 90-96

_Atsosi Hatal._ _See_ FEATHER CHANT

_Aya Kinne{~COMBINING BREVE~}_, a traditional people, 106-107

_Badger_ in Jicarilla mythology, 61 in Navaho mythology, 90

_Badger People_ of the Navaho, 84, 95

_Bahozhonchi_, a Navaho priesthood, 83 songs of the, 125

_Balil_, sacred wand of the Navaho, 93, 114, 116, 118

_Basket_ in Jicarilla mythology, 68 medicine, in Navaho Night Chant, 118 wedding, of the Navaho, 126, 127

_Basket drum_ of the Jicarillas, 57 in Navaho Night Chant, 119, 121

_Basketry_ of the Apache, 20-21, 42, 132 of the Jicarillas, 54, 135 of the Navaho, 77, 136 sacred symbol prescribed for, 20, 21, 42, 44 _See_ WATER BOTTLE

_Baskets_, burden, used by Apache, 17, 19, 132 Jicarilla, traded for corn, 134, 135

_Bat_ in Jicarilla mythology, 67-68

_Bathing_ by the Apache, 16 following puberty rite, 47 _See_ HAIR-WASHING; WASHING

_Bead Chant_ of the Navaho, 78

_Beads_, cross and crescent worked in, 42 of precious stones in Navaho myth, 104 shell, in Navaho mythology, 106-107 shell, mixed with pollen, 38 silver, of the Navaho, 76, 77 symbolic of prayer, 34 used in puberty rite, 46, 47 white, on medicine caps, 40

_Beans_ depicted in dry-painting, 121

_Bear People_ of Navaho mythology, 111

_Bears_ in Apache mythology, 35 in Jicarilla mythology, 56, 58, 64 in Navaho dry-painting, 79 in Navaho mythology, 97, 102, 106 tabooed as food by Apache, 20 tabooed as food by Jicarillas, 135

_Bear Springs_ valley, 11

_Bear, Tracking_, a Navaho monster, 99, 106

_Beasts of burden_ in Apache myth, 35

_Beaver_ in Jicarilla mythology, 61

_Beds_ of the Apache, 16

_Begging ceremony_ of the Navaho, 120, 121

_Belts_, maternity, used by Apache, 38-39 silver, of the Navaho, 76, 126, 137

_Big Dipper_ in Apache myth, 25, 27, 29 in Navaho myth, 92

_Big God_ in Navaho myth, 98, 105

_Bilh Ahati{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni_, a Navaho mythic character, 112-116

_Binayeagani_, a Navaho monster, 106

_Bird People_ of Navaho mythology, 95

_Birds_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27

_Birth._ _See_ CHILDBIRTH

_Black Cloud_ of Navaho myth, 91, 96, 97 _See_ CLOUDS

_Black Fog._ _See_ ADILHKIH

_Black God_, the Navaho Fire God, 103-104

_Black Man._ _See_ HASCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N DI{~COMBINING BREVE~}LHILI

_Black river_, Arizona, 17

_Blankets_ in Navaho mythology, 94, 95 medicine-men compensated with, 125 of the Navaho, 74-75, 136 used in marriage settlement, 133

_Blindness_, fear of, by initiates, 120 from looking upon mother-in-law, 126

_Blowing_ to expel spirits, 48

_Bluebird song_ of Yebichai ceremony, 124

_Blue Corn Boy_ of Navaho myth, 96

_Bosque Redondo_, Navaho removed to, 83 plan to remove Apache to, 7 _See_ MESCALERO RESERVATION

_Bounty_ offered for scalps, 6

_Bourke_, John G., cited, 48

_Bowl_ of pearl in Navaho mythology, 92 of shell used for medicine, 117, 120 of turquoise in Apache myth, 33

_Bows._ _See_ ARROWS

_Bracelets_, silver, of the Navaho, 76

_Breech-cloth._ _See_ CLOTHING; LOIN-CLOTH

_Buckskin._ _See_ DEERSKIN

_Buffalo_ hunted by Jicarillas, 54 in Jicarilla after-world, 135 horns, myth concerning, 61, 62

_Buffalo skin_, tipis of, of the Jicarillas, 134 used in Jicarilla ceremony, 57

_Bumping Rocks_ of Navaho myth, 101 _See_ ROLLING STONE

_Burial._ _See_ Mortuary Customs

_Butterfly_ in Jicarilla mythology, 56, 58

_Buttons_, silver, of the Navaho, 77

_Buzzard People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Cabezon mountain_, mythic creation of, 90

_Cactus_, fastened to Apache clothing, 38 _See_ FOOD

_Cairns_, Apache, 133

_Camp life_ of the Apache, 16

_Canon de Chelly_, Navaho defeated in, 83 Navaho farms in, 73 _See_ TSE{~COMBINING BREVE~}GYII

_Caps_ of the Apache, 131, 133 sacred, prescribed in Messiah religion, 44 _See_ CLOTHING; HEADDRESS; MEDICINE CAP

_Cardinal points_ and Apache prayer, 133 color symbolism of, 60, 61, 64, 66, 84, 87, 90-92, 103, 115, 118 considered in dance circle, 48 in Apache ceremony, 41 in wedding ceremony, 126, 127 prescribed order of, in Night Chant, 118 represented by gods, 48 terms for, 140 _See_ ORIENTATION

_Carleton_, Gen. J. H., in Apache campaign, 7 Navaho subdued by, 83

_Carrizo_, stream in Apache-land, 11

_Carson_, Col. Kit, Navaho defeated by, 83

_Cassari_, conference with, 7

_Catamenia_, mythic significance of, 30

_Cedar_, use of, in dance, 48, 49 used in effacing footprints, 80-81

_Ceremonies_, Apache, summary of, 133 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 4, 77-79, 116-127, 136, 138 puberty, of Apache, 46, 133 _See_ DANCE; MARRIAGE; PUBERTY CEREMONY

_Chalhke{~COMBINING BREVE~}lh Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n._ _See_ NIGHT GIRL

_Cha__n__zhni{~COMBINING BREVE~}_, Jicarilla clowns, 59

_Chato_, raids by Apache under, 9

_Chehonaai_, the Sun of Navaho myth, 92, 95, 97 _See_ CHUGANAAI; CHUNNAAI; SUN

_Chiefs_ among the Jicarillas, 55 among the Navaho, 81, 136 of the Apache, 132 of the Jicarillas, 135

_Chihuahua_, Apache raids into, 14 scalp bounty offered by, 6

_Childbirth_, gods invoked at, 34 medicine-men participate at, 38

_Children_, Apache affection toward, 14 Apache, disposal of bodies of, 134 Apache, early training of, 17 participate in puberty rite, 46-47, 124-125

_Chiricahua Apache_ at Fort Sill, 131 clans of the, 133 descent among the, 22, 132 flee to New Mexico in 1876, 9 Navaho name for, 138 raids by, 9, 10 tribal name of, 134

_Choili_, sacred mountain of the Navaho, 91, 94, 96, 98

_Chuganaai_, Apache Sun God, 24-27, 29-31, 38, 43, 133 _See_ CHEHONAAI; CHUNNAAI; SUN

_Chunnaai_, Jicarilla Sun God, 60-68, 135

_Cibicu fight_ in 1882, 10-12

_Civilization_, effect of, on Indians, 22

_Clan system_ of Indians, 21

_Clans_ absent among Jicarillas, 54, 135 of the Apache, 22-23, 132 of the Navaho, 97-98, 136-137

_Cliff-dwellers_ in Navaho clans, 137 in Navaho mythology, 95, 97, 106-107, 137 mummies of, 74-75

_Clothing_ decorated with cross and crescent, 42 deposited with the dead, 134 of flint in Jicarilla myth, 63 of godly personators, 48 of the Apache, 131 of the Jicarillas, 54, 134 of the Navaho, 136 of turquoise in Jicarilla myth, 63 _See_ CAPS; COSTUME; HAIR-DRESSING

_Clouds_, Apache god of, 35 in Apache mythology, 24, 26-30, 33 in Navaho mythology, 94, 103, 104 symbolized on maternity belt, 40 symbolized on medicine cap, 40 _See_ BLACK CLOUD

_Clown_, Gauneski{~COMBINING BREVE~}de functions as, 84 in Navaho ceremony, 120-121 of the Jicarillas, 59

_Cochiti_, Navaho name for, 138

_Colorado river_, mythic creation of, 90

_Colors_, Athapascan terms for, 140 directional, of the Apache, 25-27, 60, 84 directional, of the Jicarillas, 60, 61, 64, 66 directional, of the Navaho, 84, 87, 90-92, 103, 115, 118

_Comanche_, Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138

_Contests_ of skill in Navaho myth, 107-108

_Cooking_ of mescal by Apache, 17-18 _See_ FOOD

_Copper Mines_, conference with Apache at, 7

_Copper-working_ by the Navaho, 77

_Corn_ deities of Navaho myth, 96 depicted in dry-painting, 121, 123 man born of, in Navaho myth, 84 prayers for, 38 tulapai made from, 19 used in puberty rite, 46-47, 125 _See_ SEED

_Corn-meal_, mush of, in Navaho marriage ceremony, 126 sacred use of, 38 used in drying hair, 125 _See also_ MEAL

_Cosmology._ _See_ GENESIS

_Costume_ of girls during puberty rite, 47 of Yebichai dancers, 122 _See_ CLOTHING

_Cotton_, blankets of, in Navaho mythology, 94

_Coyote_ in Jicarilla mythology, 69 in Navaho mythology, 87, 93

_Coyote Chant_ of the Navaho, 78

_Coyoteros_, Apache name for, 134 assigned to reservation, 8 clans of the, 132 organization of the, 22 population of the, 131 subdued by Crook, 8

_Cradle-board_ deposited with infant's remains, 134

_Creation._ _See_ GENESIS

_Crescent._ _See_ Cross and Crescent

_Cricket Girl_ of Navaho myth, 96

_Crook_, Gen. George, Apache campaign by, 8-10

_Crops_, fructification of, by Yolkai Estsan, 96 Goddess of, of Apache, 34 _See_ HARVESTS

_Cross_ in Apache myth, 30, 32 made by Apache, 10 on Apache medicine cap, 40

_Cross and crescent_ in Apache religion, 42 on Apache basketry, 21 origin of, among Apache, 43, 44

_Crow_ in Apache mythology, 28 in Jicarilla mythology, 61 in Navaho mythology, 112

_Crow People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Crystal._ _See_ QUARTZ CRYSTAL

_Cuticle_, people created from, 97

_Dance_ by Apache to revive dead, 10-11 during puberty rites, 46 for rain among Apache, 33 Harvest, of the Apache, 133 in Navaho myth, 108 of the Jicarillas, 58, 59 _See_ CEREMONIES; YEBICHAI

_Dance of the Gods_ of Apache, 47-49

_Das Lan_, Apache medicine-man, 21, 37, 38, 42-46

_Datilye._ _See_ HUMMING-BIRD

_Davis_, Inspector-General, confers with Apache, 7

_Dawn_ in Navaho mythology, 87

_Dead_, Apache attempt to revive, 10 how regarded by Navaho, 80 _See_ BURIAL; MORTUARY CUSTOMS

_Death_, Apache conception of, 32 controlled by Yolkai Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n, 34 origin of, in Navaho myth, 93

_Death Goddess_ of the Apache, 34

_Deer_ in Apache myth, 35

_Deerskin_, Apache paintings on, 20 in Navaho myth, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97 masks of god personators, 48 used in maternity belt, 39

_Deilget_, an Antelope monster, 99, 106

_Depe{~COMBINING BREVE~}nsa_, a Navaho sacred mountain, 91

_Descent_ among the Apache, 22, 132 among the Navaho, 136 _See_ INHERITANCE

_Designs_, pottery, of Navaho gods, 95 _See_ ORNAMENT

_Digi{~COMBINING BREVE~}n._ _See_ HOLY PEOPLE

_Dine{~COMBINING BREVE~}_, Navaho tribal name, 97, 138

_Directions._ _See_ CARDINAL POINTS

_Disease_, how expelled by Jicarillas, 60 how regarded by Apache, 29, 35 origin of, in Navaho mythology, 93 God of, of Apache, 33 _See_ Medicine; Medicine-men; Tubadzischi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni

_Divorce_ among the Jicarillas, 55 _See_ MARRIAGE

_Doh._ _See_ FLY

_Dokli{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni._ _See_ NABAKELTI

_Dokooslit_, a Navaho sacred mountain, 91

_Do__n__i Tli{~COMBINING BREVE~}shi Noilta__n__sh._ _See_ DAS LAN

_Dreamer._ _See_ BILH AHATI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Dreams_, ceremonies affected by, 133 God of, in Apache cosmology, 31 _See_ VISIONS

_Dress._ _See_ CLOTHING

_Drowning_, rescue from, attributed to gods, 109

_Drum_, basket, of the Jicarillas, 57 basket, used in Navaho Night Chant, 119, 121 medicine, of Apache, 11 used in Apache dance, 48

_Dry-paintings_ of the Apache, 41, 47 of the Jicarillas, 56, 57 of the Navaho, 78, 79, 115, 119-123, 138

_Dutli{~COMBINING BREVE~}shi Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n_, Turquoise Girl, 31, 34 _See also_ TURQUOISE WOMAN

_Dutli{~COMBINING BREVE~}shi Skhin_, Turquoise Boy, 31, 33

_Dwellings_ of the Apache, 131 of the Jicarillas, 54, 134 of the Navaho, 74-76, 80-81, 136, 138 _See_ HOGAN; HOUSES; TIPIS

_Eagle_, feathers of, in Jicarilla myth, 63-64, 68 feathers of, in Navaho myth, 100 feathers of, in puberty rite, 46 giant, in Jicarilla myth, 66-68 giant, in Navaho myth, 106

_Eagle People_, how supplicated, 40

_Earth_, creation of, in Apache myth, 26

_Earth Daughter_ of Apache mythology, 27, 28

_Earth God_ of Navaho mythology, 98

_Earth Messengers_ of Apache mythology, 31, 32

_Elk_ in Jicarilla mythology, 65

_Enasho Dilhkli{~COMBINING BREVE~}shen_, an Apache deity, 31, 34

_Estsan Natleshin_, a Jicarilla deity, 62, 135

_Evil-spirit Chant_ of the Navaho, 78

_Evil spirits_ banished in Night Chant, 119-120

_Face-painting_ of Jicarilla dancers, 59

_Fasting_ by Apache medicine-men, 32

_Fear_ of Apache by other tribes, 6 unknown to Apache, 14

_Feather Chant_ of the Navaho, 78

_Feathers_, eagle, in Jicarilla myth, 63-64, 68 eagle, in Navaho myth, 100 eagle, in puberty rite, 46 employed in dry-painting, 120 Jicarilla headdress of, 54 turkey, prayer-sticks of, 117

_Feather wands_ in Night Chant, 118, 119

_Fermentation_ by Apache, 19-20

_Fire_, how made by Apache, 14, 18 in Jicarilla mythology, 63, 64 mythic origin of, 69 used in God Dance, 49 used in Jicarilla ceremony, 58 used in Night-Chant ceremony, 116 used at Yebichai Dance, 122

_Fireflies_ in Jicarilla mythology, 69

_Fire God_ of the Navaho, 103-104

_Fire-sticks_ in Jicarilla mythology, 64, 65

_First Man._ _See_ ASTSE HASTIN

_First Woman._ _See_ ASTSE ESTSAN

_Fish_ tabooed by Apache, 20 tabooed by Jicarillas, 135

_Flint_ clothing in Jicarilla myth, 63

_Flood_ in Apache myth, 27-28 in Jicarilla mythology, 61 in Navaho mythology, 88, 90

_Florida_, Apache prisoners sent to, 10

_Flutes_ mentioned in Navaho myth, 84

_Fly_ (Doh) in Apache myth, 26, 27

_Fog._ _See_ CLOUDS; RAIN

_Food_ of the Apache, 14-16, 19, 20, 131, 140 of the Jicarillas, 134, 140 of the Navaho, 76, 140 terms for, 139-140 used during maturity rite, 125 _See_ TABOO

_Foot-racing_ at time of Night Chant, 122 in Navaho myth, 107

_Fort Apache_, Apache scouts at, 10 Coyoteros placed near, 8

_Fort Apache agency_, number of Apache at, 131

_Fort Sill_, Apache sent to, 10 Chiricahua at, 131

_Fort Sumner_, New Mexico, 83 _See_ BOSQUE REDONDO

_Fort Wingate_, Apache surrender at, 9 Navaho arrive at, 83

_Four_, an Apache sacred number, 36, 41-43

_Fox People_ of the Navaho, 84, 95

_Frightening_ the patient in Night Chant ceremony, 119

_Fringe Mouths_, Navaho deities, 109, 113, 114, 123

_Frogs_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Fungi_ eaten by Apache, 19

_Fun-maker._ _See_ CLOWN

_Furniture_ of the Navaho, 76

_Gage{~COMBINING BREVE~}._ _See_ CROW

_Gambler_ in Navaho mythology, 111

_Gamblers_ present at Night Chant, 122

_Ga__n__askiai_, a Navaho god, 114 represented in dry-painting, 121

_Garces_, Francisco, on the Apache, 4

_Gaun_, Apache gods, 31, 35

_Genesis_ of Navaho clans, 137 of the Apache, 23-35, 133 of the Jicarillas, 60-62, 135 of the Navaho, 83-98, 138

_Geronimo_, capture of, 10 raids by Apache under, 9, 10

_Ghost Dance_ identified with Dance of Gods, 48

_Giants_ in Navaho mythology, 98, 105-106 _See_ MONSTERS

_Girl Dance_ among Apache, 46

_Goddesses_, how personated in Navaho ceremony, 111

_Gods_, Indian belief in power of, 45 of the Apache, 31, 35 personated in Apache ceremony, 41 _See_ DANCE; HOLY PEOPLE; MYTHOLOGY; RELIGION

_Gopher_ in Jicarilla mythology, 65, 66

_Goshonne_, Apache medicine-man, 37, 38

_Gourd_ drinking cups of Apache, 21

_Government_ of the Apache, 132 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 136 _See_ CHIEFS; POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

_Grasshopper People_ of Navaho myth, 100, 103

_Graves_ of the Apache, 133 _See_ MORTUARY CUSTOMS

_Gray God._ _See_ HASCHE{~COMBINING BREVE~}LAPAI

_Great Dipper._ _See_ BIG DIPPER

_Green things_ created by Turquoise Girl, 34

_Guadalupe Hidalgo_, treaty of, 7

_Habitat_ of the Apache, 14

_Habitations._ _See_ DWELLINGS; HOGAN; HOUSES; TIPIS

_Hadilhkih._ _See_ LIGHTNING

_Hadintin Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n_, Pollen Girl, in Apache myth, 27-29, 31 functions of, 34-35 invoked by Apache, 43

_Hadintin Skhin_, Pollen Boy, in Apache myth, 3, 24-31, 96, 133 function of, 33 invoked by Apache, 43 _See also_ POLLEN; TADITIN

_Hair-cutting_ as a sign of mourning, 55, 135

_Hair-dressing_ of girls during maturity rite, 124 of the Apache, 131 of the Jicarillas, 59, 134 of the Navaho, 136

_Hair-washing_ ceremony of the Navaho, 125

_Haisndayin_, Jicarilla tribal name, 62, 65, 135

_Handicrafts_, terms for, 141 _See_ ARTS; BASKETRY; INDUSTRIES; POTTERY; SILVER-WORK

_Happiness Chant_ of the Navaho, 78, 106-111

_Harvest Dance_ of the Apache, 133

_Harvest God_ of the Apache, 28 of the Navaho, 105, 113, 121 _See_ GANASKIDI

_Harvests_ prayed for by Apache, 34 _See_ CROPS

_Haschebaad_, a Navaho goddess, 114 personated in Night Chant, 116-120 represented in dry-painting, 119, 121, 123 significance of, 111

_Haschebaku{~COMBINING BREVE~}__n_ personated in Night Chant, 120 represented in dry-painting, 119, 121

_Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lapai_ personated in Night Chant, 116

_Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lti_ in Navaho mythology, 92-94, 96, 97, 113, 115 personated in Night Chant, 116-120 represented in dry-painting, 119, 121

_Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}zhini_, Navaho Fire God, 103-104

_Haschi{~COMBINING BREVE~}n Di{~COMBINING BREVE~}lhili_, a god of creation, 69

_Haschogan_, Navaho House Gods, 92-93, 95-97, 103-104, 121

_Hashke Ni{~COMBINING BREVE~}lnte_, Apache medicine-man, 29

_Hashkli{~COMBINING BREVE~}shni_ clan, origin of, 97, 137

_Havasupai_, Apache name for, 134 baskets of, among Navaho, 77 Navaho name for, 138

_Hawk People of the Navaho_, 84, 88

_Head-dress_ of the Apache, 131 _See_ CAPS; HAIR-DRESSING; MEDICINE CAP

_Healing rites._ _See_ MEDICINE

_Health_, God and Goddess of, of Apache, 27, 28, 33 _See_ HADINTIN SKHIN

_Hermaphrodites_ in Navaho myth, 85

_Hills_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27, 28 _See_ MOUNTAINS

_History_ of the Apache, 3-23 of the Navaho, 81-83

_Hochonchi Hatal._ See Evil-spirit Chant

_Hogan_, the Navaho house, 74, 136 _See_ DWELLINGS; HOUSES; TSI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NDI HOGAN

_Holy People_ of Navaho mythology, 83-84, 91, 94-96, 111-113, 115

_Home life_ of the Navaho, 76

_Honesty_, how regarded by the Navaho, 82

_Hopi_, Apache name for, 134 Apache raids in country of, 14 Navaho name for, 138 visited by Garces, 4

_Horse-racing_ at time of Night Chant, 122

_Horses_, accoutrement of, ornamented by Navaho, 77 branded with sacred symbol, 42, 44 sacrificed at graves, 55, 81, 134, 135 used as doctors' fees, 41 used in marriage settlement, 126, 133, 137-138

_Horse-thieving_ by the Navaho, 82

_Hostilities_ of the Apache, 6-23 of the Navaho, 81-83

_House Gods._ _See_ HASCHOGAN

_Houses_, medicine, of the Jicarillas, 57 of the Apache, 13-14, 44, 45 of the dead burned by Jicarillas, 55 owned by Navaho women, 76 _See_ Dwellings; Hogan; Tipis

_Hozhoni Hatal._ _See_ HAPPINESS CHANT

_Humming-bird_ in Apache myth, 26, 30

_Hunchback gods_ of the Navaho, 105, 121

_Hunting_ by the Jicarillas, 54, 55, 134-135

_Images_ used by Apache, 40-41, 133

_Implements_, Jicarilla, origin of, 69 of the Apache, 17

_Incantation_ used in treating disease, 36

_Indian Office_, policy of, regarding Apache, 8

_Industries_ of the Apache, 132 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 136 _See_ ARTS; HANDICRAFTS

_Inheritance_ among Apache, 22 among Jicarillas, 55 _See_ DESCENT

_Initiation_ into Yebichai order, 120, 121

_Intellect_, Goddess of, of Apache, 34

_Intoxicants_ used by Apache, 19

_Iron-working_ by the Navaho, 77

_Irrigation_ practised by Navaho, 74

_Isleta_, Navaho name for, 138

_Itsa._ _See_ EAGLE

_Itsad Nde{~COMBINING BREVE~}yu._ _See_ EAGLE PEOPLE

_Jemez_, Navaho name for, 138 people among Navaho, 137

_Jet_ in Navaho mythology, 91, 97, 103, 104, 115 _See_ LIGNITE

_Jewelry_ of the Navaho, 76-77

_Jewels_ in Navaho mythology, 94, 115 _See_ ABALONE; JET; MOSS AGATE; PEARL; QUARTZ CRYSTAL; SHELL; TURQUOISE

_Jicarillas_, account of the, 51-69 population of the, 131 tribal summary of the, 134 vocabulary of the, 139-144

_Juan Jose_, an Apache chief, 6

_Juh_, raids by Apache under, 9

_Juniper berries_ used by Apache, 19

_Kage._ _See_ CROW

_Kearny_, Col. S. W., cited, 82

_Kedan_, Navaho ceremonial paraphernalia, 116-118

_Keldi__n__she{~COMBINING BREVE~}n._ _See_ SKUNK

_Kinni{~COMBINING BREVE~}nikai_, a Navaho locality, 114

_Ki{~COMBINING BREVE~}nya Ani_ clan, origin of, 97, 137

_Kiowa_, Jicarilla name for, 135

_Kiowa Apache_, population of, 131

_Kleganaai_, the Moon, in Apache myth, 31

_Klehonaai_, the Moon, in Navaho myth, 92 _See_ KLENAAI; MOON

_Kleje Hatal._ _See_ NIGHT CHANT

_Klenaai_, the Moon, in Jicarilla myth, 60, 62, 135 _See_ KLEGANAAI; KLEHONAAI; MOON

_Kli{~COMBINING BREVE~}shcho Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n_, Snake Girl, symbolized on maternity belt, 39

_Knives_ in Navaho ceremony, 118 in Navaho myth, 105

_Kobadjischini_, a Jicarilla god, 56, 62-68, 135 _See_ TOBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI; TUBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Kolhkahi__n_, a Jicarilla division, 54, 135

_Kosdilhkih._ _See_ BLACK CLOUD

_Kowa_, the Apache house, 13-14, 44-45 _See_ DWELLINGS

_Kuterastan_, Apache creator, 20, 24-30, 32, 34, 38, 43, 45, 133

_Laguna_, Navaho name for, 138

_Language._ _See_ VOCABULARY

_La Plata mountain_, mythic creation of, 91

_Leggings_, deerskin, of the Navaho, 77 _See_ CLOTHING

_Lightning_ in Apache myth, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30-33 in Jicarilla myth, 67 in Navaho myth, 97, 102, 107, 115 represented in dry-paintings, 47 symbolized on maternity belt, 39, 40

_Lightning arrows_ in Navaho myth, 105

_Lightning-stroke_, how treated by Apache, 40

_Lignite_ in Navaho myth, 103 _See_ JET

_Little Colorado river_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Lizards_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Llaneros_, a band of Jicarillas, 54

_Locust_ in Navaho mythology, 89, 90

_Locust People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Loin-cloth_ of the Apache, 131

_Magpie_ in Navaho myth, 113

_Maguey._ _See_ MESCAL

_Mai Hatal._ _See_ COYOTE CHANT

_Maineli__n__._ _See_ GOPHER

_Man-eating Bird_, a Navaho monster, 99

_Mangas Coloradas_, an Apache warrior, 7

_Ma__n__sche{~COMBINING BREVE~}._ _See_ SPIDER

_Manuelito_, chief of the Navaho, 81

_Manzanita_ used by Apache, 19

_Maricopa_ in Apache war, 7 Navaho name for, 138

_Marriage_ among the Apache, 133 among the Jicarillas, 54, 135 among the Navaho, 125-127, 136-137 and property among Apache, 22-23 restrictions among Apache, 22 _See_ WOMEN

_Masks_ of Apache dancers, 47, 48 of Navaho gods, 111, 114, 115 used in Night Chant, 116, 119-123

_Maternity belt_ of Apache, 38-39

_Maturity._ _See_ PUBERTY

_Meal, sacred_, carried by Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lti, 121 used in dry-painting, 119, 120 used in Jicarilla ceremony, 59 used in Night Chant, 117 _See also_ CORN-MEAL

_Medicine_, dry-paintings used in, 47

_Medicine cap_ used by Apache, 40

_Medicine ceremonies_, God Dance a part of, 48 of the Jicarillas, 56, 57, 135 of the Navaho, 77-79 _See_ NIGHT CHANT

_Medicine craze._ _See_ MESSIAH CRAZE

_Medicine Dance_ of the Apache, 133

_Medicine hogan_ of the Navaho, 116

_Medicine-making_ in Jicarilla myth, 57

_Medicine-men_ and ceremonies, 133 communicate with gods, 32 employment of, in puberty rites, 46, 125 marriage ceremony conducted by, 138 Navaho, functions of, 79-80 of the Apache, 35-42, 132 participate in Night Chant, 116-124

_Medicine performance_ of the Jicarillas, 57

_Medicine plants_, how gathered, 133

_Medicine practices_ of the Apache, 35-42

_Medicine skin_ of the Apache, 29-36

_Meriwether_, Gov. David, treats with Navaho, 81

_Mescal_ harvest of the Apache, 15-19 intoxicant made from, 20

_Mescalero reservation_, Chiricahua sent to, 9 _See_ BOSQUE REDONDO

_Mescaleros_ confined at Bosque Redondo, 83 depredations by, 83 flee from reservation, 9 Jicarilla name for, 135 plan to place Arizona Apache with, 7 population of the, 131

_Mesquite pods_ eaten by Apache, 19

_Messiah craze_ among Apache, 10, 38, 42-46 Apache houses affected by, 131 basketry designs affected by, 20-21

_Metal-work_ of the Navaho, 76-77

_Mexican_ captives enslaved by Navaho, 82 coins used in Navaho silver-work, 77

_Migration_, traditional, of the Jicarillas, 62

_Miles_, Gen. N. A., subdues Apache, 10

_Milky Way_ in Apache myth, 34, 134 in Navaho myth, 93

_Miracle performers_ of Apache myth, 32 of Jicarilla myth, 62-68 of Navaho myth, 98

_Miraculous personages_ of Apache myth, 133 of Jicarilla myth, 135 of Navaho myth, 138 _See_ GODS

_Moccasins_, cross and crescent on, 42 _See_ CLOTHING

_Modesty_ of Apache women, 16

_Mohave_, Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138 _See_ APACHE-MOHAVE

_Monsters_ in Apache mythology, 32 in Jicarilla mythology, 63-68, 135 in Navaho mythology, 89, 90, 138 _See_ GIANTS; WATER MONSTERS

_Months_, names of, 141

_Moon_, creation of, in Apache myth, 30, 31 creation of, in Navaho myth, 92

_Moon God._ _See_ KLEGANAAI; KLEHONAAI; KLENAAI

_Moons_, names of, 141

_Mortars_ in Navaho myth, 103

_Mortuary customs_ of the Apache, 133 of the Jicarillas, 55, 135 of the Navaho, 80, 138

_Moss agate_ in Navaho mythology, 92

_Mother-in-law_, taboo of, among Navaho, 126

_Mountain Chant_ of the Navaho, 78, 79

_Mountain lion_, in Jicarilla myth, 64 in Navaho myth, 97 skin of, used in maternity belt, 39

_Mountain Lion People_ of the Navaho, 84, 87, 90

_Mountain sheep_ in Navaho myth, 113-114

_Mountains_, mythic creation of, 28, 90-91 sacred, in Navaho myth, 84, 88, 90-91, 93, 94, 98

_Mourning_ by the Jicarillas, 55-56, 135 _See_ MORTUARY CUSTOMS

_Muhr_, A. F., acknowledgments to, xx

_Mummies_ in cliff-ruins, 74-75

_Murder_ among the Apache, 45

_Musical instruments_ of the Jicarillas, 56-57 _See_ DRUMS; FLUTES; RATTLES

_Myers_, W. E., acknowledgments to, xx

_Mythology_, Apache, basket designs and, 21 of the Apache, 23-35 of the Jicarillas, 56-57, 60-69 of the Navaho, 83-106 _See_ CEREMONIES; GENESIS; RELIGION

_Nabakelti_, Apache medicine-man, 10-12

_Nacholecho._ _See_ TARANTULA

_Names_ adopted by Apache, 42 native, of Indian tribes, 134, 135, 138 of dead tabooed, 34 of the moons or months, 141

_Nane_, conference with, 7 raids by Apache under, 9

_Naste{~COMBINING BREVE~}lh_ in Apache myth, 31

_Natoi Hatal._ _See_ SHOOTING CHANT

_Natural phenomena_, terms for, 142

_Navaho_, account of the, 71-127 and Apache paintings compared, 41 and Apache relationship, 3 and Jicarilla ceremony compared, 53, 54, 56 Apache name for, 134 character of ceremonies of, 4 character of the, xx hair-dress of the, 134 Jicarilla name for, 135 origin of the, 3 trade of Jicarillas with, 135 tribal summary of the, 136 vocabulary of the, 139-144

_Naye{~COMBINING BREVE~}nayezgani_, a Jicarilla god, 55-57, 62-68, 135

_Naye{~COMBINING BREVE~}nezgani_, Apache and Navaho deity, 3, 31, 133, 138 birth and adventures of, 32, 98-106 personated in Night Chant, 118 represented in Apache painting, 20 symbolized on maternity belt, 39

_Nde_, Apache tribal name, 134

_Ndidilhkizn_, Lightning Maker, in Apache myth, 25, 27, 28 symbolized on medicine cap, 40

_Ndisagocha__n_, Lightning Rumbler, in Apache myth, 25, 28

_Nervousness_ treated by Apache, 40

_New Mexico_, Chiricahua flee to, 9 plan to remove Apache to, 7

_New Mexico_, raids by Victorio in, 9

_Night Chant_ of the Navaho, 78, 79, 111-124

_Night Girl_ of Apache myth, 30, 31

_Nigostu{~COMBINING BREVE~}n_, the Earth, in Apache myth, 26

_Nigostu{~COMBINING BREVE~}n Bika Binalze._ _See_ EARTH MESSENGERS

_Nigostu{~COMBINING BREVE~}n Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n._ _See_ EARTH DAUGHTER

_Ni{~COMBINING BREVE~}lchi._ _See_ WINDS

_Nilchidilhkizn_, the Apache Wind God, 25, 27, 31, 35

_Nichitso_, a Jicarilla Whirlwind god, 61

_Nokuse._ _See_ BIG DIPPER

_Number_, sacred, of Apache, 36, 41-43

_Numerals_, Southern Athapascan, 142

_Obscenity_ of Jicarilla clowns, 59

_Ocean_, creation of, in Apache myth, 33, 133 creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Ojo Caliente_, Apache of, 9 Victorio surrenders at, 9

_Oklahoma_, Apache sent to, 10 population of Apache in, 131

_Olleros_ band of Jicarillas, 54

_Onions_, wild, eaten by Apache, 19

_Opuntia._ _See_ PRICKLY PEAR

_Orientation_ in sweating ceremony, 118 of baskets in ceremony, 77 of buffalo skin in ceremony, 57 of Jicarilla ceremonial enclosure, 57 of Navaho hogans, 80, 136 of sacred skins in Navaho myth, 92 of wedding basket, 126

_Origin._ _See_ GENESIS

_Ornamentation_ of Apache caps, 131, 133

_Ornaments_ of the Navaho, 136

_Ovens_, mescal, used by Apache, 17

_Owl_ in Jicarilla myth, 62 in Navaho myth, 115

_Owl People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Painting_, Apache, on deerskin, 20 of bodies by Yebichai dancers, 122 of skins in Navaho myth, 115 _See_ DRY-PAINTINGS; FACE-PAINTING

_Paiute_, baskets of, among Navaho, 77

_Papago_, Garces among the, 4 in Apache war, 7 Navaho name for, 138

_Paralysis_ treated by Apache, 47

_Pasquin_, conference with, 7

_Peaches_, an Apache man, 22

_Pearl_ in Navaho creation myth, 92

_Personal terms_, Southern Athapascan, 143

_Pesqueira_, Don Ignacio, cooeperates against Apache, 7

_Pestles_ in Navaho myth, 103

_Phillips_, W. W., acknowledgments to, xx

_Phratries_ among the Navaho, 136

_Picuris_ mentioned in Jicarilla myth, 68

_Pigeon_ in Apache myth, 27, 28

_Pima_, Apache name for, 134 Garces among the, 4 in Apache war, 7 Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138

_Pinalenos_ established at San Carlos, 8

_Pine Squirrel People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Pine-squirrel_ pouch of Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lti, 121

_Pinon_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27 nuts of, eaten by Apache, 19 pollen of, used by Apache, 38 tea made from bark of, 19 used in ceremonial enclosure, 57 used for mythic water bottle, 21, 27, 30 water bottles coated with gum of, 132

_Pipes_ in Navaho myth, 103, 108-110, 115

_Plains Indians_, Jicarilla name for, 135

_Plains People_, a Jicarilla band, 54

_Plants_ used in medicine, 36

_Poisoned tobacco_ in Navaho myth, 103

_Political organization_ of the Apache, 132 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 136 _See_ CHIEFS; GOVERNMENT

_Pollen_, deification of, 3 gathering of, by Apache, 133 god personators sprinkled with, 49 in Navaho mythology, 84, 91, 94 use of, by Apache, 34, 38-41, 43, 133 used in childbirth, 39, 40 used in marriage ceremony, 126 used in Night Chant, 119 used in puberty rite, 46 _See_ HADINTIN NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N; HADINTIN SKHIN; TADITIN

_Polygamy_ among the Apache, 13-14 among the Jicarillas, 55 among the Navaho, 76

_Population_ of the Apache, 13, 131 of the Jicarillas, 134 of the Navaho, 136

_Porcupine_ in Navaho myth, 97

_Potatoes_, wild, eaten by Apache, 19

_Pottery_ made by Navaho gods, 95 of the Apache, 20 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 76, 77, 136

_Pouch_ for image used by Apache, 41 for meal used by Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lti, 121 for medicine used by Navaho, 77, 120 for pollen among Apache, 38

_Prayers_, how symbolized by Apache, 3 in Navaho ceremonies, 138 Navaho, character of, 77-78 of the Apache, 34-37, 133 on erection of hogan, 136 to animal spirits, 39

_Prayer-sticks_ of turkey feathers, 117 _See_ KEDAN

_Precious Stone deities_ of the Navaho, 96 _See_ JEWELS

_Presidios_ established to check Apache, 5

_Prickly pears_ eaten by Apache, 19

_Property_ of women among Navaho, 76

_Property marks_ of Apache, 18

_Property right_ among Apache, 22 among Jicarillas, 55

_Prophecies_ of Apache medicine-man, 45 of death among Apache, 38, 45

_Puberty ceremony_, God Dance a part of, 48 in Navaho mythology, 94-95 of the Apache, 46, 133 of the Jicarillas, 56, 135 of the Navaho, 124-125

_Pueblos_, Apache name for, 134 Apache raids against, 14 baskets exchanged with, 54 ceremonies of the, 4 hair-dress of, 134 incorporated by Navaho, 75, 137 Jicarilla ceremony borrowed from, 54, 135 Jicarilla name for, 135 Jicarillas trade with, 134, 135

_Purity_ symbolized by Apache, 34

_Quartz crystal_ in Navaho creation myth, 92

_Races._ _See_ FOOT-RACING

_Racing songs_ of the Navaho, 125

_Rafts_ mentioned in Navaho myth, 85

_Rain_ furnished by Yolkai Estsan, 96 in Jicarilla mythology, 67 man born of, in Navaho myth, 84

_Rainbow_ in Jicarilla mythology, 63 in Navaho mythology, 96, 102 represented in dry-painting, 119, 121, 123

_Rain Boy_ and Girl of Navaho myth, 96

_Rain Dance_ of the Apache, 33, 133

_Rain God_ of the Apache, 35 of the Navaho, 107, 115, 120 _See_ TONENILI

_Rattles_ mentioned in Navaho myth, 112

_Red river_ of Navaho mythology, 89

_Reeds_, use of, in Navaho myth, 88, 100

_Religion_ of the Apache, 29, 42, 133 _See_ AFTER-WORLD; CEREMONIES; MESSIAH CRAZE; MYTHOLOGY

_Religious character_ of the Navaho, 79

_Reptiles_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Rio Grande_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Ritual._ _See_ CEREMONIES; MYTHOLOGY; RELIGION

_Rivers_, creation of, in Apache myth, 28 creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Rolling Stone_, a mythical monster, 68, 99, 106 _See_ BUMPING ROCKS

_Ruins_, pueblo, in Navaho mythology, 96

_Running_, symbolic in puberty rite, 47

_Sacrifice_ of property at death, 55, 81, 134, 135

_Saddle bags_, sacred symbol prescribed for, 44

_Sait Nde_, a Jicarilla division, 54, 135

_Salt_ tabooed during puberty rite, 47, 125

_Salvador_, an Apache, conference with, 7

_San Carlos_, Apache established at, 8, 9 Apache flee from, 9

_San Carlos agency_, number of Apache under, 131

_San Carlos Apache_, native name of, 134

_San Carlos reservation_, property disputes on, 23

_Sand altars._ _See_ DRY-PAINTINGS

_Sandia_, Navaho name for, 138

_Sand People_, a Jicarilla band, 54

_San Felipe_, Navaho name for, 138

_San Ildefonso_, Navaho name for, 138

_San Juan_, Navaho name for, 138

_San Juan river_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_San Xavier del Bac_, mission of, 4

_Santa Clara_, Navaho name for, 138

_Santo Domingo_, Navaho name for, 138

_Scalp bounty_ offered, 6

_Scalping_ mentioned in Navaho myth, 107

_Scouts_, Apache, at Fort Apache, 10

_Scratching_ prohibited during maturity rite, 47, 125

_Seed planting_ in Navaho mythology, 85, 86, 90, 96

_Seeds_ borne by Ganaskidi, 121 how prepared by Apache, 15 _See_ CORN

_Sheep_ of the Navaho, 73, 74 purchased for Navaho, 83 used in marriage settlement, 126

_Shell_ beads mixed with pollen, 38 beads of the Navaho, 77 ornaments of the Navaho, 136 symbolic of prayer, 34 used as medicine bowl, 117, 120 used in puberty rite, 46, 47 white, in Navaho myth, 84, 91, 92, 97, 101, 103, 104, 108, 115 _See_ YOLKAI ESTSAN; YOLKAI NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_Shield_ of Navaho Sun God, 103

_Shirts._ _See_ CLOTHING

_Shooting Chant_ of the Navaho, 78 contest in Navaho myth, 107, 108

_Shrines_ of the Apache, 133

_Sia_, Navaho name for, 138

_Sierra Madre_, Apache captured in, 10

_Silver_ ornaments used in marriage settlement, 126

_Silver-work_ of the Navaho, 76-77, 136

_Si{~COMBINING BREVE~}snaji{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni_, a Navaho sacred mountain, 90

_Skin_, painted, of Apache, 29-35 _See_ ANTELOPE SKIN; BUFFALO SKIN; DEERSKIN

_Skirts_, sacred, used in childbirth, 39 _See_ CLOTHING

_Skunk_ in Jicarilla mythology, 61

_Sky_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27, 28 creation of, in Navaho myth, 91

_Sky God_ of the Apache, 27, 28, 31, 33 of the Navaho, 98

_Sky Messengers_ of Apache myth, 31, 32

_Slaves_ made of captives by Navaho, 82

_Small Dipper_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 93

_Smoking._ _See_ PIPES; TOBACCO

_Snake Girl._ _See_ KLI{~COMBINING BREVE~}SHCHO NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_Snake, Great_, in Navaho myth, 97 in Jicarilla myth, 56, 58, 64 in Navaho myth, 90, 102 represented in Jicarilla dry-painting, 57

_Snake People_ in Navaho myth, 111

_Snipe Man_ in Navaho myth, 102

_Social customs_ of the Jicarillas, 55 _See_ MARRIAGE; MORTUARY CUSTOMS; PUBERTY; WOMEN

_Songs_ addressed to God of Health, 33 employed in maturity rite, 46, 125 in Apache ceremony, 41-42 in Jicarilla myth, 57 in Navaho ceremonies, 138 in Navaho mythology, 84, 86, 94, 111, 112, 115 in Night Chant, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124 of Apache medicine-men, 32, 36 of gods in Apache myth, 26, 27, 32 of the Jicarillas, 58

_Sonora_, Apache raids into, 14 scalp bounty offered by, 6

_Sorcery_, penalty for, among Jicarillas, 135 _See_ WITCHCRAFT

_Souls_, belief in, by Jicarillas, 56

_Spanish_ missionaries and the Apache, 4, 6 origin of Navaho metal-work, 136

_Sparrow-hawk People_ in Navaho myth, 88

_Spider_ in Jicarilla myth, 62

_Spider Woman_ in Navaho myth, 100

_Spirit Dance_ of the Apache, 48, 133

_Spirits_, Navaho dread of, 80 of the dead of the Apache, 134

_Spruce_ used in Jicarilla ceremony, 57-60 used in Navaho Night Chant, 118-120

_Squashes_ represented in dry-painting, 121

_Squirrel._ _See_ PINE SQUIRREL

_Stars_, creation of, in Apache myth, 30 in Navaho myth, 92-93

_Stenatliha__n_, an Apache goddess, 20, 21, 24-33, 133 represented in Apache painting, 20 symbolized on maternity belt, 39, 40

_Storage baskets_ of the Apache, 21, 132

_Suicide_ among Apache, 14

_Sumac_, berries used by Apache, 19 used in making water bottles, 132

_Sun_, creation of, in Apache myth, 30 creation of, in Navaho myth, 92 in Jicarilla mythology, 62 the father of Twin Gods, 99 _See also_ SUN GOD

_Sunbeams_ in Navaho mythology, 96, 98

_Sun-dogs_ in Navaho dry-painting, 79

_Sunflower_, stalks of, used for flutes, 84

_Sun God_ in Navaho mythology, 98-106 _See_ CHEHONAAI; CHUGANAAI; CHUNNAAI

_Sush Nalkai_, a Navaho mythic bear, 106

_Sweat_, mythic creation from, 24, 25

_Sweat-bath_ in Apache myth, 33 in Night Chant ceremony, 117, 118

_Sweat-house_ in Apache myth, 26-27 in Navaho myth, 104

_Symbol_ of faith among Apache, 43

_Symbolism_, ancient, discarded by Apache, 44, 45 color, of the Apache, 84 color, of the Jicarillas, 60, 61, 64, 66 color, of the Navaho, 84, 87, 90-92, 103, 115, 118 on Apache caps, 131 on Apache maternity belt, 38-39 on Apache medicine skin, 20, 30-36

_Taboo_ of bear and fish, 20, 135 of conversation while masked, 123 of flesh in puberty ceremony, 47 of houses of the dead, 76 of mother-in-law among Navaho, 126 of names of the dead, 34 of salt in puberty ceremony, 47, 125 of scratching in puberty ceremony, 47, 125 of _tsi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ndi hogan_ by Navaho, 81

_Tadtitin_, Navaho name for pollen, 119 _See_ HADINTIN; POLLEN

_Talking God._ _See_ HASCHE{~COMBINING BREVE~}LTI

_Taos_, Jicarilla contact with, 53 mentioned in Jicarilla myth, 64 Navaho name for, 138

_Tarantula_ in Apache myth, 25

_Tattooing_ among Apache, 42

_Tazhi{~COMBINING BREVE~}._ _See_ TURKEY

_Temperature_ of White Mountain reservation, 13

_Texas_, Apache raids into, 9, 14

_Tipis_ of the Jicarillas, 134

_Tizwin._ _See_ TULAPAI

_To Ahani clan_, origin of, 97, 137

_Tobacco_ depicted in dry-painting, 121 in Navaho myth, 103, 108-109, 115

_Tobadzischi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni_, a Navaho deity, 3, 138 birth and adventures of, 98-106 personated in Night Chant, 118 _See also_ KOBADJISCHINI; TUBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_To Dichini clan_, origin of, 97, 137

_Toi Hatal_. _See_ WATER CHANT

_Tonenili_, Navaho Rain God, 107, 115 personated in begging ceremony, 120

_Tontos_, Apache name for, 134 assigned to reservation, 8 population of, 131 subdued by Crook, 8

_Tracking Bear_, a Navaho monster, 99

_Trade_ of the Jicarillas, 54

_Travelling_, Apache method of, 16, 17

_Treaties_ with the Navaho, 82-83

_Tree, Little_, in Jicarilla myth, 69

_Trees_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27 terms for, 143

_Tsa__n__nati{~COMBINING BREVE~}_, Jicarilla clowns, 59

_Tse{~COMBINING BREVE~}gyii_, a Navaho locality, 114, 116 _See_ CANON DE CHELLY

_Tse{~COMBINING BREVE~}nagai._ _See_ ROLLING STONE

_Tse Nahali_, preying Mountain Eagle, 106

_Tsetahi{~COMBINING BREVE~}dzilhtuhli_, a Navaho monster, 106

_Tsilite{~COMBINING BREVE~}n._ _See_ COYOTE

_Tsi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ndi_, meaning of, 80

_Tsi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ndi hogan_ defined, 76 taboo of, 81 _See_ HOGAN

_Tsotzilh_, a Navaho sacred mountain, 91, 105

_Tubadzisci{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni_, an Apache deity, 31, 133 function of, 33 represented in Apache painting, 20 symbolized on maternity belt, 39, 40 _See also_ KOBADJISCHINI; TOBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Tulapai_ drunk by the Apache, 19-20

_Tule_, pollen of, used by Apache, 38

_Tu Ntelh_, an Apache god, 40

_Turkey_ in Apache myth, 28 in Navaho myth, 88 prayer-sticks with feathers of, 117

_Turquoise_, bowl of, in Apache myth, 33 clothing of, in Jicarilla myth, 63 in Apache myth, 26 in Jicarilla myth, 64

_Turquoise_ in Navaho myth, 91, 92, 97, 101, 103, 104, 106-107, 115 jewelry of the Navaho, 76 lance of Apache War God, 32 man born of, in Navaho myth, 84 pipe in Navaho myth, 108

_Turquoise Boy_ of Apache myth, 31, 33

_Turquoise Woman_ of Navaho myth, 97 _See_ DUTLI{~COMBINING BREVE~}SHI NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_Turtle monster_ in Jicarilla myth, 64-65

_Tus._ _See_ WATER BOTTLE

_Twin Gods_ of the Navaho, 98 _See_ NAYE{~COMBINING BREVE~}NEZOANI; TOBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Tzes._ _See_ ELK

_Tzilhki{~COMBINING BREVE~}chi Hatal._ _See_ MOUNTAIN CHANT

_Tzilhnuhodihli_, sacred mountain, created, 91, 96, 98, 104, 105

_Underworld_, Navaho origin in, 80, 83, 138 _See_ GENESIS

_Ute_, Jicarillas influenced by, 134 Jicarilla name for, 135

_Valleys_, creation of, in Apache myth, 28

_Vegetation_ of White Mountain reservation, 13, 17 _See_ TREES

_Victorio_, conference with, 7 surrender and death of, 9

_Visions_, God of, in Apache cosmology, 31 knowledge gained through, 32 medicine-men influenced by, 42, 43

_Vocabulary_, Southern Athapascan, 139-144

_Walapai_ join in Apache hostilities, 8 tribal name of, 5

_Walnuts_ eaten by Apache, 19

_War_ ceremonies, God Dance a part of, 48 of extermination against Apache, 6, 7

_War Gods_, Navaho. _See_ NAYE{~COMBINING BREVE~}NE{~COMBINING BREVE~}ZGANI; TOBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Washing_ of hands in marriage ceremony, 126, 127 _See_ BATHING; HAIR-WASHING

_Water_, miraculous creation of, 97, 137 relation of Tubadzischi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni with, 133 Yolkai Estsan conceives from, 98 _See_ YOLKAI ESTSAN

_Water bottle_ in Apache myth, 27-28, 30 in marriage ceremony, 126 in Navaho myth, 94 of the Apache, 16, 21, 132 of the Navaho, 77 sacred symbol prescribed for, 44

_Water Chant_ of the Navaho, 78

_Water God_ of the Apache, 33, 35 _See_ RAIN GOD

_Water Monsters_ in Navaho mythology, 87

_Water Sprinkler_, a Navaho Rain God, 107, 115, 120

_Weapons_, Jicarilla, origin of, 69

_Weasel_ in Navaho myth, 97

_Weaving._ _See_ BLANKETS

_Wheels_ in Jicarilla mythology, 62, 64 medicine, made by Apache, 10, 11

_Whips_, yucca, of the Navaho, 120-121

_Whirling log_ represented in dry-painting, 120-121

_Whirlwind_ in Navaho myth, 110

_Whirlwind God_ of the Jicarillas, 60, 61 _See_ WINDS

_White Corn Boy_ of Navaho myth, 96

_White Mountain Apache_, population of, 131

_White Mountain reservation_, Apache placed on, 9 character and area of, 13 "medicine" craze on, 10 property disputes on, 23

_White objects_ created by Yolkai Skhin, 33 symbolic of prayer, 34

_White river_, Arizona, 11, 15, 17

_White-Shell Boy_ of Apache myth, 31, 33

_White-Shell Girl._ _See_ YOLKAI NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_White-Shell Man_ of Navaho myth, 97

_White-Shell Woman._ _See_ YOLKAI ESTSAN

_Wildcats_ in Jicarilla mythology, 64

_Wind People_ of Navaho mythology, 95, 99

_Winds_, function of, in Navaho belief, 93, 95 how regarded by Apache, 35 in Apache myth, 25, 26 in Navaho mythology, 90, 93, 96, 97, 102, 110, 138 participation of, in Jicarilla creation, 61 pollen scattered to, 133

_Witchcraft_, penalty for, in future world, 56 _See_ SORCERY

_Wolf_ in Navaho myth, 97

_Wolf People_ of the Navaho, 84, 87, 90, 95

_Women_, Apache, descent traced through, 22 Apache, dress of, 131 Apache, houses built by, 13 Apache, modesty of, 16

_Women_, Apache, property right of, 22 Apache, status of, 13-14 chiefs in Navaho mythology, 84 how treated, in Jicarilla ceremony, 59 Jicarilla, dress of, 134 Jicarilla, hair-dressing of, 134 Jicarilla, modesty of, 58 Navaho, blanket weavers, 75 Navaho, clothing of, 136 Navaho, hair-dressing of, 136 Navaho, status of, 76 Navaho, work of, 85 separated from men in Navaho myth, 85 _See_ CHILDBIRTH; MARRIAGE; PUBERTY CEREMONY

_Wool_ blankets, in Navaho myth of, 94

_Wosakidi._ _See_ GRASSHOPPER PEOPLE

_Yadilhkih Binalze{~COMBINING BREVE~}_, Sky Messengers, of Apache myth, 31

_Yadilhkih Skhin._ _See_ SKY GOD

_Yakosha Skhin_, an Apache deity, 31, 35 _See_ APACHE-MOHAVE

_Yavapai_, application of name, 6, 53

_Yebichai_ and Apache dance compared, 47 dance of the Navaho, 121 gods of the Navaho, 114 order, initiation into, 120, 121 signification of, 116

_Yeitso_, Big God of the Navaho, 98, 105

_Yellow-Corn Girl_ of Navaho myth, 96

_Yiye._ _See_ OWL

_Yoi Hatal._ See Bead Chant

_Yolkai Estsan_, a Jicarilla goddess, 62, 64, 68, 135 a Navaho goddess, 94-96, 98, 99, 105, 137, 138

_Yolkai Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n_, an Apache goddess, 31 function of, 34, 35 guardian of spirit-land, 134 how supplicated, 40

_Yolkai Skhin_, White-Shell Boy, of Apache, 31, 33

_Yuadiistan_, an Apache god, 24

_Yucca_ fruit eaten by Apache, 19 root in Navaho mythology, 94 root, washing with, 115, 125 used for head-band, 131 whips made of, 120-121

_Yuma_, Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138

_Yuman_ and Apache relations, 5 and Jicarilla ceremony compared, 56

_Zahadolzha_, Fringe-mouth gods of Navaho, 109, 113, 114, 123

_Zuni_, Apache name for the, 134 Navaho name for, 138 people among Navaho, 137

THE END OF VOLUME I

The University Press, Cambridge, U.S.A.

FOOTNOTES

1 The agave or maguey plant, locally called mescal, for which reason
the latter term is here employed.

2 This medicine skin was owned by Hashke Ni{~COMBINING BREVE~}lnte and was considered
one of the most potent belonging to any of the medicine-men. During
the lifetime of Hashke Ni{~COMBINING BREVE~}lnte it was impossible for any white man
even to look upon this wonderful "medicine." After reaching extreme
age he was killed, presumably by his wife, from whom this valuable
and sacred object was procured.

3 Possibly a legendary reminiscence of a home in the far north and the
subsequent migration to the south.

4 The myth and ritual of this ceremony are given on pages 111-116.

5 Versions differ as to the number of worlds through which the
progenitors of the Navaho passed. Some give three before this one,
others but one. The version adopted by the Bahozhonchi, a religious
order or medicine society whose rites and ceremonies are the oldest
and most widely known of any in the tribe, treats of two worlds
only: the one below, from which the Digi{~COMBINING BREVE~}n, or Holy People, migrated
in the form of insects, birds, and beasts, and to which the dead
return; and the present, into which was born man in his present
image, created of pollen, corn, white shell, turquoise, and rain by
the Digi{~COMBINING BREVE~}n. These Digi{~COMBINING BREVE~}n were the animals which never assumed
absolute material form on this earth, and the gods who perfected the
creation. The creation of the world below, together with all food
products, plant life, and animals known to the Navaho, is credited
to First Man and First Woman, Astse Hastin and Astse Estsan; but the
myth does not go back to that creation, nor, save for the plant and
animal life and a little earth used in making mountains, does it
assume the use of any part of the underworld in the making or
completion of this. So far as the inhabitants now found in the image
of man are concerned, they were made, and first existed, on this
earth, and did not develop from a lower order.

6 The Navaho sometimes vary the assignment of their directional colors
by relating, like the Apache of Arizona, black to the east and white
to the north.

7 These four names still survive among the Navaho, applied to as many
clans.

8 Our months, of course, only approximate the moons of the Indians.