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Chapter XIX: Ossei, or Bony Fishes (4)

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Exuberance of life in the ocean, 62.

Fabularia discolithes, 95.

Falkland Islands, 165.

Fan Gorgon, magnified, 122.

Faujasina, 91.

File-fish (Balistes), 532.

First Oyster-eater, 369.

Fishes, their organization, 502.
Locomotive apparatus, _ib._
Swimming bladder, 503.
Breathing apparatus, 505.
Sight, _ib._
Propagation, 507.
Classification, 508.

Fish's eye, 505.

---- teeth, 506.

Fishing for Coral, 137.

---- -- Electrical Eels with horses, 539.

---- -- Halibut, 551.

---- -- Sponges, 78.

Flabellum pavoninum, 153.

Flat fishes, their organization, 546.
Special properties, _ib._

Flight of the Flying-fish, 573.

Flounders (Platessa flessus), 549.

Flustra foliacea, 308.

Flux of the waves, 37.

Flying-fish, 571, 573.

---- Gurnard, 595.

Fog-banks, 26.

Foraminifera, 87.

Franklin's discoveries, 47.

Fringing reefs, 174, 175.

Frog-fish (Lophius), 605.

Fungia agariciformis, 159.

---- echinata, 158.

Fusus proboscidiferus, F. pagodus, and F. colus, 436.

Gadidæ, 552.

Galeolaria aurantiaca, 244.

Gathering of the waters, 11.

Generation of Star-fishes, 267.

Geographical distribution of Oysters, 368.

Gigantic Cephalopod stranded on the coast of Jutland, 461.

Globe-fish, 530.

Gorgonia flabellum, 121.

---- verticellata, 123.

Gorgonidæ, 121.

Gosse's description of the Sea-urchin, 282.

Gulf of Mexico, 9.

---- Stream, 32.

Gurnards (Trigla), 594.

Gymnotus, its electrical properties, 538.
Effect of its shock, 540.

Haddock (Morrhua æglefinus), 559.

Halibut, 551.

Hammerhead (Zygæna malleus), 523.

---- mollusc, 352.

Harpa imperialis, and H. articularis, 434.

---- ventricosa, 433.

Harpooning Holothuria, 295.

Helix citrina, and H. Stuartia, 408.

Hermit Crab, 492.

Herring, the, 575.
Fisheries, 576.
Habits, 577.
Scotch fisheries, _ib._
Dutch fisheries, 578.
A night at the herring fishery, 580.
Norwegian fisheries, 582.

Holothuria lutea, 293.

---- fishery, 295.

Humboldt's researches, 538.

Hyalea gibbosa, and H. longirostris, 443.

Indian Ocean, 2.

Industrial occupation on the sea-shore, 65.

Inequalities of the sea-basin, 9.

Infusoria, 97.
Their numbers, _ib._
In the Ganges, _ib._
Species, _ib._
In blocks of ice, 98.
Reproduction, 103.

Infusorial parasites, 105.

Isis corolloïdis, 124.

---- hippuris, 125.

Jan Mayen's Island, 44.

Kane's, Dr., discoveries, 25, 49.

Kerguelen Island, 44.

Kraken, marvellous stories concerning, 460.

Labridæ, 606.

Labrus communis, _ib._

Labyrinthiform Pharyngeans, 596.

Land and water, 1.

Legend of the first mussel-fisher, 347.

---- ---- Sea-urchin, 282.

Life in the ocean, 60.

Limax rufus, 400.

Limpets, 410.

Lobsters, 496.

Loligo vulgaris, and L. Gahi, 459.

Lophius piscatorius, 605.

Lophobranchii, 534.

Luidia fragillissima, 269.

Lumbricus terrestris, 114.

Lump-fish (Cyclopteris), 537.

---- ---- (Raia clavata), 503.

Lunar tides, 35.

Lymnea stagnalis, 397.

Lymneans, 397.
Their habits, _ib._
Organization, 398.

Mackerel, 599.
Do they migrate? 600.

M'Clintock's discoveries, 48.

M'Clure's discoveries, _ib._

Madreporidæ, 159.

Madrepora plantaginea, 162.

Madrague, a combination of nets, 597.

Maelström whirlpool, 42.

Malacopterygii, 536.

Malleus alba, 352.

---- vulgaris, _ib._

Mantle in Molluscs, its uses, 319.

Marenna Oysters, 368.

Masticating apparatus, 288.

Mean depth of the sea, 1-3.

Meandrina cerebriformis, 156.

Mediterranean Sea, 6.

Medusadæ, 195, 213.

Medway Oyster-beds, 368.

Meleagrina margaritifera, 353.

Metamorphoses in Infusoria, 106.

Microscopic forms of life, 62.

Millepora alcicornis, 164.

Milne Edwards's study, 65.

Minyadinians, 193.

Mitra episcopalis and M. papalis, 425.

Molluscoïda, 303.
Organization, 304.
Generation, 305.

Mollusca, 301.
Their characteristics, 315.

Monade Lentille, 109.

Monodonta Australis, and M. labia, 416.

Monsoons, 33.

Montfort, Denis de, on the Kraken, 460.

Moon-fish (Orthogoriscus mola), 530.

Mounts Erebus and Terror, 55.

Mullet (Mullus), 591.
A Roman luxury, 592.

Muræna, 541.

---- ponds, a passion with Roman patricians, 542.

Murex scorpio, and M. erinaceus, 435.

---- tenuispina, and M. haustellum, 434.

Muschelkalk rocks, 272.

Mussels, 344.
Organization of, 345.
Habits, _ib._
Localities, 346.

Mussels of Aiguillon Bay, 347.

Mussel-piles in Aiguillon Bay, 349.

---- ---- with basket-work, _ib._

---- punt of Aiguillon, 348.

Mutilation of Infusoria, 107.

Mytylus edulus, 344.

Nacre, its composition, 353.

Nadir points, 36.

Nautilus pompilius, section with animal and without, 446.

Nephtys, 145.

New Caledonia, 174.

Noctiluca miliaris, 96.

Nummulites, 93.

Nummulitis lenticularis, 92.

---- Rouaulti, 94.

Occulina flabelliformis, 153.

Octopus brevisses, and O. horridus, 464.

---- macropus, _ib._

---- vulgaris, 463.

Olaüs Magnus on the Kraken, 460.

Oldhamia, 61.

Oliva erythrostoma, O. porphyria, O. irisans, and O. Peruviana, 428.

Operculina, 92.

Ophiocoma Russei, 278.

Ophiuradæ, 277.

Organization of Foraminiferæ, 96.

---- -- Infusoria, 100.

---- -- Sponges, 81.

---- -- Star-fishes, 260.

Ossei, or Bony fishes, 529.

Ostend Oysters, 368.

Ostreadæ (the Oyster), 362.

Oyster (Ostrea), 362.
Its organization, _ib._
Reproduction, 365.
Incubation, _ib._

Oyster beds of France, 378.

---- beds on Lake Fusaro, 376, 378.

---- claires of Marennes, 380.

---- cultivation, 375.

---- eaters, 370.

---- farms at Whitstable, 383.

---- fishing, 374.

---- of different ages, 366.

---- packing system, 378.

Ovulum oviformis, and O. cornea, 424.

---- volva, 425.

Pacific Ocean, 3.

Pagurus Bernhardus, 492.

Palinurus vulgaris, 487.

Pallas on Alcyonia, 145.

Pandore Oyster beds, 384.

Paramecium aurelia and its parasites, 105.

---- Bursaria, 112.

Parr, or young Salmon, 563.

Parry's discoveries, 46.

Patella cærulea, P. umbella, 411.
P. granatina, and P. barbata, 412.

---- longicosta, _ib._

Paulin's submarine apparatus, 65.

Pearl fisheries, 255.
Value of, 257.

---- Oyster, 253.

Pearly Nautilus, 447.

Pecten glaber, 386.

---- Japonica, 387.

---- opercularis, _ib._

---- plica, _ib._

---- pseudamussium, 386.

Pectenidæ, 385.

Pelagia noctiluca, 200.

Pelagic plants and animals, 61.

---- rivers, 30.

Pennatula spinosa, 141.

Pennatulidæ, 139.

Pentacrinus, 271.

---- caput Medusæ, 272.

---- Europæus, 273.

---- fasciculosus, 271.

Pectunculatis aureflua, 342.

---- delessertii, _ib._

---- pectiniformis, 343.

---- scriptus, _ib._

Perforated madrepores, 150.

Peyssonnel's discoveries, 126.

Phallusia grossularia, 310.

Pholades, or borers, 328.

Pholas crispata, 329.

---- papyracea, and P. melanoura, _ib._

Phosphorescence of the sea, 12.
Causes of, 13.

Phosphorescent chain of Salpæ, 315.

Phyllactis prætexta, 192.

Physa castanea, 399.

Physalia, 244.
Its poisonous properties, 248.

Physical properties of water, 24.

Physophora hydrostatica, 234.

Pilchards, 585.
Cornwall "huers," the pilchard fishery, 586.

Pinna bullata and P. nobilis, 362.

---- rudis and P. nigrina, 361.

Pinnoctopus corolliformis, 466.

Pintadine pearls, 353.

Pipe-fish (Syngnathus), 534.

Pipe-fishes (Fistularia), 607.

Plaice (Platessa vulgaris), 549.

Planorbis corneus, 398.

Pleuronectidæ, 546.

Plumatella cristallina, 306.

Polar seas, 43.
Expeditions to, _ib._

Polyp and branch, 131.

Polypidom, 144.

---- and Polypi defined, 116.

Polypifera, 116.

Polypiferous crust in Gorgons, 149.

Pomotouan Archipelago, 169.

Porites, 162.

---- astroïdes, 147.

---- furcata, 163.

Porpita pacifica, 233.

Porpitæ, 232.

Portion of the disk of Physophora hydrostatica, 236.

Portunus variegatus, 488.

Poulpe: Marvellous stories of the ancients concerning, 460.
Mandibles preserved in the College of Surgeons, 461.

Praya diphys, 243.

Primitive generation, 106.

Principal forms of Anodon, 340.

---- species of Sea-anemones, 187.

Propagation of Infusoria, 104.

---- of Sea-urchins, 290.

Protozoa, 71.
Leuwenhoek's discoveries, _ib._

Pteroceras, their origin, 439.

---- chiragra, and P. lambis, 440.

---- scorpio, and P. millepeda, 439.

Pteropoda, 441.
The organization, wings, or flappers, _ib._

Pulmonary Gasteropods, 396, 409.

Pupa uva, 409.

Pure water, 15.

Purpura, its reputation with the ancients, 431.

---- consul, 432.

---- lapillus and patula, 432.

Pyrosoma, 312.

Raiadæ, 510.

Rarefaction in Polar seas, 59.

Rataria, 232.

Ravages of the Teredo, 321.

Ray-fish, 513.

Recuperative powers of Holothuria, 293.

Red Sea Corals, 175.

Reflux of tides, 35.

Reign of law, 61.

Rhizopods, 83.

Rhizostoma Aldrovandi, 221.

---- Cuvieri, 220.

Rock covered with young Coral Polyps, 135.

Roman indifference to life, 542.

Rose aurelia, 225.

Ross's (Sir James) discoveries, 44, 45, 51.

Rotation of the earth, 36.

Rotella Zealandica, 416.

Rudimentary forms of life, 61.

Rugous madrepores, 148.

Sagartia viduata, 189.

Salmonidæ, 561.

Salmon leaps, 565.
Falls of Kilmorack, _ib._
Anecdote of Lord Lovat, 566.

Salpa maxima, 314.

Saltness of the sea, 16.
Its source, 21.

Salt water at the Poles, 19.
At the Equator, _ib._

Salt-water lakes, 16.

Sarcoda, 100.

Sargasso Sea, 31.

Saw-fish, 524.

Scallop-shell, 385.

Scomberoïdes, 596.

Scoresby's account of the Polar seas, 56.

Scottish pearls, 341.

Scylla and Charybdis, 42.

Sea Anemone, 182.
Organization, 183.
Toxicological properties, 186.

---- Cucumber, 291.

---- Eel (Muræna Helena), 542.

---- Eggs, 291.

---- Horse (Hippocampus), 535.

---- Lampreys, 509.

---- Level, 10.

---- Mussels, 344.

---- Nettles, 195.

---- Palm, 272.

---- Pen, 139-144.

---- Slug, 407.

---- Snail (Liparis), 544.

---- Urchins, 281.

---- water, its components, 15.

Section of a Coral branch, 132.

---- of Atlantic Telegraph, 8.

Seine Net, 588.

Selachians, 510.

Sepia (Cuttle-fish), 449.
Its suckers, _ib._

---- officinalis, 455.

---- tuberculosa, and bone of S. officinalis, 456.

Sertulariadæ, 211.

Shad, the (Alosa), 584.

Shallow water, its temperature, 25.

Shark (Carcharius vulgaris), 517.

Shark-fishing, 520.

Shell of the Mollusca, 316.
Is it a skeleton? 317.
How built up, 318.
Shell of the Strombus, 438.

Ship-worm and its ravages, 321.
Its organization, 322.
Reproduction, 324.
Its boring hood, 326.

Siderolites calcitrapoides, 94.

Silver in the sea, 21.

Siphonophora, 228.

Skeleton Echinus, 288.

Skeleton of the Perch, 503.

Smolt, 564.

Snails: form and characteristics, 401.
Their organization, 402.
Breathing, _ib._
Circulation, _ib._
Sight, 403.
Reproduction, _ib._
Shell, _ib._
Their reputation with the Classics, 404.

Solarium perspecticum, and S. variegatum, 418.

Solar-lunar tides, 37.

Soles (Solea vulgaris), 547.

Sophonophora, 198.

Spearing Halibut, 551.

Spey Salmon, 568.

Spherical form of the earth, 10.

Spiroloculina, 92.

Spondylus, various, 387.

Spongia, half natural size, 75.

Spongia, 82.
Their generation, _ib._
Organization, 74.
Localities, _ib._
Varieties of, 80.

Spontaneous division of Infusoria, 104.

---- generation, 105.

Squalidæ, 517.

Star-corals (Astrea), 155.

Star-fishes, 260.
Their metamorphoses, 267.
Dismemberment, 268.
Suicidal propensities, _ib._

---- and Oysters, 266.

Stentor Mülleri, 114.

Stinging apparatus of Physophora hydrostatica, 238.

---- tentacles of Physalia, 247.

Stomach of Infusoria, 102.

Stomia boa, 571.

Strombus gigas, shell and animal, 437.

Stone lilies, 276.

Stormontfield fish-ponds, 563.

Straits of Gibraltar, 34.

Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), 526.

---- fishing in the Volga, 527.

Sturiona, 524.

Stylaster flabelliformis, 154.

Sub-branchiata, 544.

Submarine currents, 33.

Subsidence, theory of coral islands, 178.

Suckers, or Star-fishes, 264.
Suicidal tendency of Star-fishes, 269.

Surbinolia, 148.

Swimming bladder, 503.

Sword-fish (Xiphias), 602.
Warlike habits, 603.
Fishing, _ib._

Symphynota, 355.

Synapta duvernea, 299.

Succinea putris, 409.

Tabulate madrepores, 163.

Teeth of the Bream, 506.

----- ---- Carp, _ib._

----- ---- Gold-fish, 507.

----- ---- Trout, _ib._

Tellina radiata, 334.

------ sulphurea, and T. donacina, _ib._

------ virgata, _ib._

Temperature of the sea, 24.

Tentacles of Molluscs, 302.

Tentaculiferous Cephalopods, 445.
Their suckers (Acetabula), _ib._

Teredo navalis, its ravages, 322, 325.

Testacella haliotidea, 401.

Textilaria, 92.

Thalassianthidæ, 191.

Thames Oyster beds, 368.

Thermal lines of sea temperature, 23.

Thynnus pelamys (the Bonita), 596, 602.

Tidal wave, 39.
Its height in different seas, 40.
Of the Atlantic, 25.

Tides, 35.

Torpedo marmorata, 514.

Trachinus communis, 590.

Trade-winds, their origin, 30.

Trembley's discoveries, 72.

Tridacna gigas, 338.

---- squamosa, 339.

Triton variegatum, T. lotorium, and T. anus, 435.

Trochus inermis, T. Cookii, and T. imbricatus, 414.

---- niloticus, and. T. virgatus, 414.

---- stellaris, 417.

Tubelaridæ, 226.

Tubiporinæ, 120.

Tubipora musica, _ib._

Tubulous madrepores, 150.

Tunicata, 309.

Tunny fish (Thynnus), 596.

----- fishing, 597.

----- net, _ib._

Turbo imperialis, 416.

----- margaritaceus and T. argyrostomus, 415.

----- undulatus, 415.

Turbot (Rhombus), 548.

Ultima Thule, 43.

Umbellularia Greenlandica, 143.

Unio littoralis, 340; and U. pictorum, 341.

Uranoscopus vulgaris, 592.

Urbulina universa, 92.

Uses of salt in the sea, 23.

Vastness of the oceanic fields of observation, 64.

Vegetable life, _ib._

Venus verrucosa, 335.

Veretillum cynomorium, 144.

Vetrina fasciata, 409.

Vibracule in molluscs, 301.

Vibrioni baguetta, 108.

Vilelladæ, 229.

---- limbosa, _ib._

Virgularia, 142.

---- mirabilis, _ib._

Volvox globator, 101.

Walsh's, Dr., experiments with the Torpedo, 515.

Water, 1.

Water-lilies, 304.

Watering-pot, the, 331.

Waves off Cape Horn, 41.

Weddell's discoveries, 44, 51.

Weight of the waters of the sea, 11.

---- of equatorial waters, 28.

Weevers (Trachinus), 590, 591.

Whence comes the salt of the sea? 21.

Whirlpools, 42.
Scylla, _ib._
Charybdis, _ib._

White Ray (Raia batis), 511.

Whiting (Merlangus vulgaris), 559, 560.

Whorled Gorgon, magnified, 124.

Wilkes's expedition, 44, 51.

Willoughby's discoveries, 43.

Winds, 39.
Effect on tides, _ib._

Wrasse (the), Labrus, 606.

Young Oysters, 366.
---- Polyp attached to a rock, 135.

Zenith points, 36.

Zoantharia 147, 159.

Zoanthoa thalassanthos, 148.

Zoanthus socialis, 193.

Zone of Calms, 30.

Zoophytes, 69.
Its derivation, 70.

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=Peggy, and Other Tales.= With Eight Illustrations.

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=Cloudland and Shadowland=; or, Rambles into Fairy Land with
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=The Queen of the Tournament.= By the Author of "Mince-Pie
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=Crocker the Clown=: A Tale for Boys. By B. CLARKE, Editor of
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=Hours of Sunshine=: A Series of Poems for Children.
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Transcriber notes:

Tags that surround words =3. The Children's Books Catalogue= indicate bold. Tags that surround the word _Naval and Military Gazette._ indicate italics.

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| P.24. 'he Equator.' changed to 'the Equator.'. |
| P.81. 'Marseileise' changed to 'Marseillaise'. |
| P.161. Fig. 75. 'Dendrophylia' changed to 'Dendrophyllia'. |
| P.186. 'd'Acclimitation' changed to 'd'Acclimatation'. |
| P.203. Fig. 87. 'Hydra viridris' changed to 'Hydra viridis'. |
| P.224. 'vetebrated' changed to 'vertebrated'. |
| P.299. 'duvernea' changed to 'duvernæa', also in the |
| list of illustrations. |
| P.318. 'coattings' changed to 'coatings'. |
| P.335. 'themeslves' changed to 'themselves'. |
| P.352. 'Malægrina' changed to 'Maleagrina'. |
| P.403. 'insensi le' changed to 'insensible'. |
| P.408. 'connnection' changed to 'connection'. |
| Plate XXIII. Fig. III. 'Vlouta' changed to 'Voluta'. |
| P.523. 'other other' changed to 'other'. |
| P.531. 'it own' changed to 'its own". |
| P.580. Added 'Plate' to illustration XXIX, 'Plate XXIX.' |
| P.581. 'cranes' changed to 'crans'. |
| Fixed various punctuation. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

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The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Chapter XIX: Ossei, or Bony Fishes (4)

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